阅读说明：本技术 空间辐射探测装置及方法 (Space radiation detection device and method ) 是由 屈卫卫 杨梦梦 周光明 于 2020-11-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了空间辐射探测装置及方法,包括Si-CLLB探测器和控制模块；Si-CLLB探测器包括沿辐射粒子入射方向依次设置的Si探测器和CLLB晶体探测器,Si探测器和CLLB晶体探测器耦合,CLLB晶体探测器包括CLLB晶体及硅光电倍增管；控制模块设于Si-CLLB探测器上,CLLB晶体探测器在不同辐射粒子的情况下输出不同快慢成分的信号波形,控制模块用于对CLLB晶体探测器的输出信号进行脉冲信号处理,区分辐射粒子并获得辐射粒子的能量及通量。本发明采用Si探测器和CLLB晶体探测器耦合形成Si-CLLB探测器,CLLB晶体的能量分辨率较高,能够达到5～6％,显著提高了辐射粒子的甄别能力,集成粒子区分以及能量、通量测量多功能为一体,能够对带电粒子、γ射线以及中子进行复合式测量,满足不同粒子的探测需求。(The invention discloses a space radiation detection device and a method, comprising a Si-CLLB detector and a control module; the Si-CLLB detector comprises a Si detector and a CLLB crystal detector which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of the radiation particles, the Si detector is coupled with the CLLB crystal detector, and the CLLB crystal detector comprises a CLLB crystal and a silicon photomultiplier; the control module is arranged on the Si-CLLB detector, the CLLB crystal detector outputs signal waveforms of different speed components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module is used for carrying out pulse signal processing on output signals of the CLLB crystal detector, distinguishing the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles. According to the invention, the Si detector and the CLLB crystal detector are coupled to form the Si-CLLB detector, the energy resolution of the CLLB crystal is high and can reach 5-6%, the discrimination capability of radiation particles is obviously improved, the particle discrimination and the energy and flux measurement are integrated, the charged particles, gamma rays and neutrons can be subjected to combined measurement, and the detection requirements of different particles are met.)

1. A space radiation detection device is characterized by comprising a Si-CLLB detector and a control module;

the Si-CLLB detector comprises a Si detector and a CLLB crystal detector which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of the radiation particles, the Si detector is coupled with the CLLB crystal detector, the CLLB crystal detector comprises a CLLB crystal and a silicon photomultiplier, and the silicon photomultiplier is coupled with the CLLB crystal;

the control module is arranged on the Si-CLLB detector, the CLLB crystal detector outputs signal waveforms of different fast and slow components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module is used for distinguishing the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles after pulse signal processing is carried out on the output signal of the CLLB crystal detector.

2. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 1, wherein: the CLLB crystal has a diameter of 1.2-1.8 inches, a height of 1.2-1.8 inches, and an abundance of Li-6 of 30-50%.

3. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 2, wherein: the CLLB crystal is doped with Cerium (Ce)³⁺) Cs of (A)₂LiLaBr₆:Ce(CLLB)。

4. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 1, wherein: the sensitive area of the Si detector is 25-45mm in diameter, and the thickness is 280-320 mu m.

5. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 1, wherein: the Si-CLLB detector includes a housing encasing the coupled Si detector and CLLB crystal detector.

6. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 1, wherein: the Si-CLLB detector comprises a preamplifier and an analog-to-digital converter;

the output end of the Si detector and the output end of the silicon photomultiplier are respectively coupled with a preamplifier, and the preamplifiers are used for preliminarily amplifying signals output by the Si detector and electric signals output by the silicon photomultiplier;

the analog-to-digital converter is coupled with the output end of a preamplifier on the Si detector and is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the signal amplified by the preamplifier.

7. The spatial radiation detection device of claim 6, wherein: the Si-CLLB detector also comprises a bias power supply which is arranged inside the Si-CLLB detector.

8. A method of spatial radiation detection, comprising:

when the radiation particles pass through the Si detector, the radiation particles interact with Si atoms, and an energy loss value delta E is recorded;

when secondary particles generated after interaction of the radiation particles and Si atoms or original radiation particles without interaction pass through a CLLB crystal detector, the CLLB crystal absorbs the residual energy of the particles;

dividing the energy loss value delta E measured by the Si detector by the thickness of the Si detector to obtain an energy transmission line density spectrum;

the CLLB crystal detector generates signal waveforms with different fast and slow components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module distinguishes the radiation particles and obtains the energy and flux of the radiation particles after pulse signal processing is carried out on output signals of the CLLB crystal detector.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the distinguishing of the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles comprises:

integrating the attenuated slow component in the signal waveform to obtain the event of neutrons, and obtaining the energy and flux of thermal neutrons and fast neutrons in the event of neutrons;

and identifying the fast component in the signal waveform as the event of the gamma ray, and obtaining the energy spectrum information of the gamma ray after the gamma ray is distinguished from the neutron.

10. The method of spatial radiation detection according to claim 9 wherein said obtaining the energy and flux of thermal and fast neutrons in the event of neutrons comprises;

in the event of neutrons, by thermal neutron captureReaction of⁶Li (n, alpha) t, integrating the obtained peak area of 3.5MeV, wherein the number of pulses obtained by integration represents the flux information of thermal neutrons;

other fast neutrons passing through³⁵Cl(n,n)³⁵Measuring elastic collision of Cl, except for thermal neutron event, resolving the energy spectrum and flux information of the measured fast neutron into fast neutron, and performing inverse extrapolation³⁵The kinetic energy of Cl obtains the energy and flux of fast neutrons.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of space radiation detection, in particular to a space radiation detection device and a space radiation detection method.

Background

In the space station, the astronaut is inevitably exposed to the space radiation environment in the cabin, and the space radiation environment can cause damage to the astronaut and the astronaut in the space mission, even cause the failure of the space mission. With the trend of long-time deep space detection of the space mission, the accumulated radiation damage of space charged particles and neutrons is more and more emphasized, so that the detection of the charged particles and neutrons such as space protons and the like is particularly important. The space radiation comprises a plurality of radiation particles, and the components, effects and damage characteristics of different radiation particles are different, so that the traditional space radiation detector needs an independent system for detecting the charged particles, the fast neutrons, the thermal neutrons and the gamma rays, cannot perform combined measurement on the charged particles, the fast neutrons, the thermal neutrons and the gamma rays, and has low detection efficiency; moreover, the energy resolution of the conventional radiation detector is poor, and the energy resolution is a very key parameter for screening charged particles, so that the particle screening capability of the conventional radiation detector is poor, and the detection requirements of different particles cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is a spatial radiation detecting apparatus including a Si-CLLB detector and a control module;

the Si-CLLB detector comprises a Si detector and a CLLB crystal detector which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of the radiation particles, the Si detector is coupled with the CLLB crystal detector, the CLLB crystal detector comprises a CLLB crystal and a silicon photomultiplier, and the silicon photomultiplier is coupled with the CLLB crystal;

the control module is arranged on the Si-CLLB detector, the CLLB crystal detector outputs signal waveforms of different fast and slow components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module is used for distinguishing the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles after pulse signal processing is carried out on the output signal of the CLLB crystal detector.

By adopting the technical scheme, the diameter of the CLLB crystal is 1.2-1.8 inches, the height of the CLLB crystal is 1.2-1.8 inches, and the abundance ratio of Li-6 is 30-50%.

By adopting the technical scheme, the CLLB crystal is doped with Cerium (Ce)³⁺) Cs of (A)₂LiLaBr₆:Ce(CLLB)。

By adopting the technical scheme, the sensitive area of the Si detector is 25-45mm in diameter, and the thickness is 280-320 mu m.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Si-CLLB detector comprises a shell, and the shell wraps the coupled Si detector and the CLLB crystal detector.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Si-CLLB detector comprises a preamplifier and an analog-to-digital converter;

the output end of the Si detector and the output end of the silicon photomultiplier are respectively coupled with a preamplifier, and the preamplifiers are used for preliminarily amplifying signals output by the Si detector and electric signals output by the silicon photomultiplier;

the analog-to-digital converter is coupled with the output end of a preamplifier on the Si detector and is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the signal amplified by the preamplifier.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Si-CLLB detector also comprises a bias power supply, and the bias power supply is arranged inside the Si-CLLB detector.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a spatial radiation detection method, comprising:

when the radiation particles pass through the Si detector, the radiation particles interact with Si atoms, and an energy loss value delta E is recorded;

when secondary particles generated after interaction of the radiation particles and Si atoms or original radiation particles without interaction pass through a CLLB crystal detector, the CLLB crystal absorbs the residual energy of the particles;

dividing the energy loss value delta E measured by the Si detector by the thickness of the Si detector to obtain an energy transmission line density spectrum;

the CLLB crystal detector generates signal waveforms with different fast and slow components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module distinguishes the radiation particles and obtains the energy and flux of the radiation particles after pulse signal processing is carried out on output signals of the CLLB crystal detector.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the distinguishing the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles comprises:

integrating the attenuated slow component in the signal waveform to obtain the event of neutrons, and obtaining the energy and flux of thermal neutrons and fast neutrons in the event of neutrons;

and identifying the fast component in the signal waveform as the event of the gamma ray, and obtaining the energy spectrum information of the gamma ray after the gamma ray is distinguished from the neutron.

By adopting the technical scheme, the energy and flux of thermal neutrons and fast neutrons are obtained in the event of neutrons, including;

in the event of neutrons, by thermal neutron capture reactions⁶Li (n, alpha) t, integrating the obtained peak area of 3.5MeV, wherein the number of pulses obtained by integration represents the flux information of thermal neutrons;

other fast neutrons passing through³⁵Cl(n,n)³⁵Measuring elastic collision of Cl, except for thermal neutron event, resolving the energy spectrum and flux information of the measured fast neutron into fast neutron, and performing inverse extrapolation³⁵The kinetic energy of Cl obtains the energy and flux of fast neutrons.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the Si detector and the CLLB crystal detector are coupled to form the Si-CLLB detector, the energy resolution of the CLLB crystal is high and can reach 5-6%, the discrimination capability of radiation particles is obviously improved, the CLLB crystal can generate different fast and slow components under the condition of different incident particles, after the signal is processed by a pulse amplitude discrimination mode, different charged particles, gamma rays and neutrons are discriminated to obtain the incident energy of the particles, the particle discrimination and energy measurement are integrated into a whole, the charged particles, the gamma rays and the neutrons can be subjected to combined measurement, and the detection requirements of different particles are met.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Si-CLLB detector of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of the fast and slow components of gamma rays, alpha rays, thermal neutrons and fast neutrons in a CLLB crystal of the present invention with a diameter of 1.5 inches.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pulse signal processing circuitry of the Si detector of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a CLLB pulse amplitude discriminator pulse signal processing circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a data processing and communication control unit according to the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 11. a Si detector; 12. a CLLB crystal detector; 13. a housing; 14. a silicon photomultiplier tube; 15. a preamplifier; 16. an analog-to-digital converter; 17. CLLB crystals; 2. and a control module.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a spatial radiation detection apparatus, including a Si-CLLB detector and a control module 2, where the Si-CLLB detector includes a Si detector 11 and a CLLB crystal detector 12 sequentially arranged along an incident direction of a radiation particle, the Si detector 11 is coupled to the CLLB crystal detector 12, the CLLB crystal detector 12 includes a CLLB crystal 17 and a silicon photomultiplier 14, the silicon photomultiplier 14 is coupled to the CLLB crystal 17, and the silicon photomultiplier 14 is configured to convert fluorescence caused by radiation in the CLLB crystal 17 into an electrical signal; the control module 2 is arranged on the Si-CLLB detector, the CLLB crystal detector 12 outputs signal waveforms of different fast and slow components under the condition of different radiation particles, and the control module 2 is used for distinguishing the radiation particles and obtaining the energy and flux of the radiation particles after pulse signal processing is carried out on the output signal of the CLLB crystal detector 12.

Wherein the CLLB crystals 17 have a diameter of 1.2 to 1.8 inches, a height of 1.2 to 1.8 inches, and an abundance of Li-6 of 30 to 50%. Preferably, the CLLB crystals 17 of this example have a diameter of 1.5 inches, a height of 1.5 inches and a Li-6 abundance of 50%. In addition, the sensitive area of the Si detector is 25-45mm in diameter, and the thickness is 280-320 mu m. In order to match a CLLB crystal 17 having a diameter of 1.5 inches, the present embodiment uses a Si detector 11 having a sensitive area diameter of 35mm and a thickness of 300 μm, the Si detector 11 is coupled to the front end of the CLLB crystal detector 12 for obtaining the energy transmission line density spectrum LET, for example, the energy loss Δ E measured by the Si detector 11 is divided by the thickness of the Si detector 11. There are also spatially energetic particles that can be incident on the CLLB crystal detector 12 from various directions and that can penetrate the entire CLLB crystal detector 12 for energetic particles, whereas the energy of the particles cannot be estimated by energy deposition by the CLLB crystal detector 12 for different directions of the penetrated particles with different track lengths in the CLLB crystal detector 12. Therefore, in the embodiment, the Si detector 11 is coupled to the front end of the CLLB crystal detector 12, and coincidence measurement is performed between the Si detector 11 and the CLLB crystal detector 12, so that only particles passing through the Si detector 11 and the CLLB crystal detector 12 are measured.

Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the Si-CLLB detector further includes a housing 13, the housing 13 encloses the coupled Si detector 11 and CLLB crystal detector 12, and the Si detector 11 and the CLLB crystal detector 12 can be well coupled by being packaged by the housing 13. When in use, the Si-CLLB detector is arranged in a space station to measure charged particles, gamma rays and neutrons.

Continuing to refer to fig. 1, the Si-CLLB detector includes a preamplifier 15 and an analog-to-digital converter 16, the output terminal of the Si detector 11 and the output terminal of the silicon photomultiplier 14 are respectively coupled with the preamplifier 15, and the preamplifier 15 is configured to preliminarily amplify the signal output by the Si detector 11 and the electrical signal output by the silicon photomultiplier 14; an analog-to-digital converter 16 is coupled to the output of the preamplifier 15 on the Si detector 11, and the analog-to-digital converter 16 is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signal amplified by the preamplifier 15.

And a bias voltage needs to be set for the Si-CLLB detector, so the Si-CLLB detector further comprises a bias voltage power supply which is arranged inside the Si-CLLB detector.

In which the CLLB crystal 17 is doped with Cerium (Ce)³⁺) Cs of (A)₂LiLaBr₆Ce (CLLB), the density of the CLLB crystal 17 is 4.2g/cc, the light yield is 55000 photon/MeV, thus the CLLB crystal 17 has better gamma ray detection efficiency and energy resolution, and has better energy resolution than NaI Tl, which can reach 5-6%, obviously improves the discrimination of radiation particles, and meets the detection requirements of different particles.

Also the CLLB crystal 17 comprises La and actinides, so that the CLLB crystal 17 is able to react with both thermal and fast neutrons. Thermal neutrons can pass through⁶The Li (n, α) T reaction was probed and had a Q of 4.782MeV and an equivalent electron energy of 3.5 MeVee. Meanwhile, fast neutrons can also be detected through the reaction. More importantly, the Br element in the CLLB crystal 17 has the highest atomic number,⁷⁹br and⁸¹br and fast neutron have relatively large reaction section, and products⁷⁸Br and⁸⁰the half-life of Br is very short. Therefore, the CLLB crystal 17 can be used to perform combined measurement of charged particles, gamma rays, fast neutrons and thermal neutrons.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a spatial radiation detection method, including the following steps:

in step 101, the radiation particles interact with the Si atoms as they pass through the Si detector 11, and the energy loss value Δ E is recorded.

Illustratively, when radiation particles (including charged and uncharged particles) are incident from the front end, the radiation particles interact with Si atoms when passing through the Si detector 11, and the energy loss value Δ E in the Si detector 11 is recorded, and since the Si detector 11 is not very large in volume, there is a high probability that the generated secondary particles or the original radiation particles which do not interact will continue to move along the incident direction or at an angle to the incident direction after the radiation particles interact with the Si atoms for the space with high energy.

In step 102, when the secondary particles generated after the interaction of the radiation particles with the Si atoms or the original radiation particles without interaction pass through the CLLB crystal detector 12, the CLLB crystal 17 absorbs the remaining energy of the particles.

In step 103, the energy loss value Δ E measured by the Si detector 11 is divided by the thickness of the Si detector 11 to obtain the energy transmission line density spectrum LET.

In step 104, the CLLB crystal detector 12 generates signal waveforms with different fast and slow components under different radiation particles, and the control module 2 performs pulse signal processing on the output signal of the CLLB crystal detector 12 to distinguish the radiation particles and obtain the energy and flux of the radiation particles.

Illustratively, firstly, the CLLB crystal detector 12 generates signal waveforms with different fast and slow components under different radiation particles, such as a fast and slow component waveform diagram of gamma rays, alpha rays, thermal neutrons and fast neutrons in a CLLB crystal 17 with a diameter of 1.5 inches shown in fig. 6; and integrating the decaying slow component in the signal waveform to obtain an event of a neutron, and identifying the fast component in the signal waveform as an event of the gamma ray.

Illustratively, in the event of a neutron, the reaction is captured by a thermal neutron⁶Li (n, alpha) t, the peak area of the obtained 3.5MeV is integrated, the number of pulses obtained by integration represents the flux information of thermal neutrons, and other fast neutrons pass through³⁵Cl(n,n)³⁵Measuring elastic collision of Cl, except for thermal neutron event, resolving the energy spectrum and flux information of the measured fast neutron into fast neutron, and performing inverse extrapolation³⁵The kinetic energy of Cl obtains the energy and flux of fast neutrons. In the event of a gamma ray, spectral information of the gamma ray is obtained after the gamma ray is distinguished from a neutron.

Illustratively, the control module comprises a pulse signal processing unit and a data processing and communication control unit. On one hand, the pulse signal processing unit mainly comprises a Si detector pulse signal processing circuit and a CLLB pulse amplitude discriminator pulse signal processing circuit, wherein after an output signal of a silicon detector passes through a charge preamplifier, the output signal firstly passes through a zero-crossing circuit to adjust the waveform, then is divided into 2 paths, one path is filtered and formed to carry out amplitude measurement, and the other path is rapidly amplified to carry out trigger time analysis. The pulse signal processing circuitry for the Si detector is shown in figure 7. In addition, for the CLLB crystal output, in order to measure the energy in the large dynamic range, the output signal is amplified in a high-low gain double-path mode, and a pulse signal processing circuit of the CLLB pulse amplitude discriminator is shown in fig. 8. On the other hand, the data processing and communication control unit mainly comprises a multi-channel amplitude signal acquisition circuit, a multi-channel time signal discrimination circuit, a module state monitoring circuit, a main control circuit and a communication interface circuit, and the specific structure is shown in detail in fig. 9. The CLLB crystal detector is ignited, and records the signal amplitude and time and n/gamma discrimination factors for measuring neutrons, gamma and charged particles.

In summary, the Si detector 11 and the CLLB crystal detector 12 are coupled to form a Si-CLLB detector, which integrates particle differentiation and energy measurement functions, the Si detector 11 measures an energy transmission line density spectrum LET, the CLLB crystal 17 can generate different fast and slow components under different incident particles, after signal processing is performed by a pulse amplitude discrimination method, different charged particles, gamma rays and neutrons are differentiated to obtain incident energy of the particles, and composite measurement can be performed on the charged particles, the gamma rays and the neutrons to meet detection requirements of different particles.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.