阅读说明：本技术 一种天然牧草的安全防霉工艺 (Safe mildew-proof process for natural forage grass ) 是由 常春 吴洪新 戴雅婷 尹强 刘鹰昊 于 2020-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种天然牧草的安全防霉工艺,通过对天然牧草的刈割、干燥和贮藏工艺进行优化,特别是通过过对天然牧草的干燥方法进行优化,将自然晾晒和机械压扁配合降低天然牧草的含水量,加快牧草的干燥速度,减少叶、及幼嫩部分的机械损伤,同时在晾晒过程中施加少量防霉剂,避免天然牧草发霉,与此同时通过对植物源天然防霉剂的筛选,能够满足高水分天然牧草的贮藏需要,同时能够保证天然牧草具有良好的品质,与此同时,本发明提供的天然牧草的安全防霉工艺简单,科学规范,成本低,适合大面积推广应用。(The invention provides a safe mildew-proof process for natural forage grass, which optimizes the cutting, drying and storing processes of the natural forage grass, particularly optimizes the drying method of the natural forage grass, combines natural airing and mechanical flattening to reduce the water content of the natural forage grass, accelerates the drying speed of the forage grass, reduces the mechanical damage of leaves and young parts, applies a small amount of mildew-proof agent in the airing process to avoid the natural forage grass from mildewing, and simultaneously can meet the storage requirement of the high-moisture natural forage grass by screening the plant source natural mildew-proof agent, and can ensure that the natural forage grass has good quality.)

1. A safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 50% -60%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.5-0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flattening mill; continuing airing until the water content is 25-35%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1-1.5Kg/t, and then performing sub-binding to form bundles with the binding density of 100-³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

2. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound mildew preventive is prepared from a component A and a component B in a weight ratio of 3-5:1, wherein the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-80 parts of cinnamon, 10-80 parts of dried orange peel, 10-80 parts of eucommia bark and 10-80 parts of giant knotweed; the component B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of diatomite and 20-40 parts of calcium oxide.

3. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome are powder, and the preparation method comprises the steps of drying the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, crushing the dried cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, and sieving the crushed cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the dried eucommia bark and.

4. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water content of the natural pasture in the step (2) is 55-58%.

5. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water content of the natural pasture in the step (3) is 28-30%.

6. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bundling density of the natural pasture in the step (4) is 120-³。

7. The safe mildew-proof process of natural pasture grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the compound mildew preventive in the step (4) is 1.2-1.3 Kg/t.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of natural forage grass feed processing, and particularly relates to a safe mildew-proof process for natural forage grass.

Background

Grasslands are an important base for the development of animal husbandry, and forage grass is a material basis for the development of animal husbandry production. Currently, increasing grass production, while improving pasture quality, is an important issue that is placed in front of grassland workers. However, the dry grass bales are easy to mildew due to temperature, humidity, rainfall and other reasons, so that the palatability is reduced, the content of nutrient substances is consumed, the forage grass resources are wasted, and the development of the animal husbandry is influenced.

The mildew of the natural herbage hay bundle is a worldwide problem, the moisture is an essential factor for the growth of the mildew, the biological activity of the mildew can be inhibited when the low-moisture hay is stored, and the mildew risk is greatly reduced, so that the aim of storing the hay can be achieved. However, the leaves of the pasture are easy to fall off when the pasture is bundled at low moisture, and the pasture leaves are faster than stems and easy to rub and break, so the loss rate of the leaves is greatly improved when the pasture is stored at low moisture. The high-moisture hay preservation can effectively reduce the mechanical loss of the hay, shorten the airing time, better preserve the nutrient components, and the leaves contain higher nutrient components in the whole hay. However, when stored at high moisture, the growth of mold in the hay can be caused, the temperature in the bales can be rapidly increased, thermal damage can occur, and the quality of the hay can be seriously reduced.

Therefore, when preparing the natural pasture grass hay, the use of the mildew-proof additive in the high-moisture pasture grass preservation becomes a hotspot of researches of scholars at home and abroad at present in order to not only preserve the content of leaves in the hay to the maximum extent, but also prevent mildew and effectively improve the storage quality of the hay. The pasture grass mildew-proof additive is various in types, mainly comprises chemical preparations such as organic acids, organic acid salts, ammonium compounds, urea and the like, in recent years, the research on natural preparations and compound preparations is gradually increased, and the research and development of the pasture grass mildew-proof additive are developed towards the directions of convenience, high quality, high efficiency, low cost, no toxic or side effect and no residue.

Therefore, when the natural grass dry bales are stored, how to avoid mildew and loss of nutritional ingredients of the grass is a research hotspot, difficulty and key point at present, and a novel safe mildew-proof process of the natural grass needs to be developed urgently, so that the nutrition and mildew of the natural grass can be considered at the same time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture, which can meet the storage requirement of high-moisture natural pasture and simultaneously ensure the good quality of the natural pasture by optimizing the cutting, drying and storage processes of the natural pasture, particularly screening a plant source natural mildew-proof agent and adding a novel mildew-proof agent.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the safe mildew-proof process of the natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 50% -60%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.5-0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flattening mill; continuing airing until the water content is 25-35%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1-1.5Kg/t, and then performing sub-binding to form bundles with the binding density of 100-³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Preferably, the compound mildew preventive is prepared from a component A and a component B in a weight ratio of 3-5:1, wherein the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-80 parts of cinnamon, 10-80 parts of dried orange peel, 10-80 parts of eucommia bark and 10-80 parts of giant knotweed; the component B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of diatomite and 20-40 parts of calcium oxide.

Preferably, the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome are powder, and the preparation method comprises the steps of drying and crushing the cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome, and sieving the crushed cinnamon, the dried orange peel, the dried eucommia bark and the giant knotweed rhizome by a 100-mesh sieve to prepare the Chinese medicinal composition;

preferably, the cinnamon is 15-60 parts, more preferably, 25-50 parts, more preferably, 35-45 parts by mass;

preferably, the mass part of the dried orange peel is 20-60 parts, more preferably, 25-40 parts;

preferably, the mass part of the eucommia ulmoides is 20-65 parts, more preferably, 20-40 parts, more preferably, 25-35 parts;

preferably, the weight portion of the giant knotweed rhizome is 20 to 70 portions, and more preferably, 35 to 50 portions.

Preferably, the water content of the natural pasture grass in the step (2) is 55-58%; the water content of the natural pasture in the step (3) is 28-30%; the bundling density of the natural pasture in the step (4) is 120-³(ii) a The dosage of the compound mildew preventive in the step (4) is 1.2-1.3 Kg/t.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, the drying method of the natural forage grass is optimized, natural airing and mechanical flattening are matched to reduce the water content of the natural forage grass, the drying speed of the forage grass is accelerated, the mechanical damage to leaves and young and tender parts is reduced, and meanwhile, a small amount of mildew preventive is applied in the airing process to prevent the natural forage grass from mildewing;

(2) the mildew preventive disclosed by the invention is mainly prepared from plant-derived natural substances including cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and polygonum cuspidatum, is matched with a mineral mildew-proof component, is particularly suitable for storage of natural pasture with high moisture content, is small in application amount, high in bacteriostatic effect, green and environment-friendly, and cannot cause adverse effects on livestock bodies.

(3) According to the invention, the binding density is reasonably selected based on the water content of the natural pasture, so that the temperature and the moisture change of the dry pasture are favorably controlled, the breeding of enzyme bacteria is avoided, and a good mildew-proof effect is achieved;

(4) enhancing the immunity of livestock: the botanical ingredients of cinnamon, dried orange peel, eucommia bark and giant knotweed rhizome used in the natural pasture mildew preventive also have the function of enhancing the immunity of animals.

(5) High quality, low price, green and safety: the mildew preventive disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, low in cost, high in benefit, free of side effect, more green and safer, and therefore, the mildew preventive is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

Preparing a composite mildew preventive: weighing 60 parts of cinnamon, 15 parts of dried orange peel, 30 parts of eucommia bark and 60 parts of giant knotweed rhizome according to the weight ratio, drying, crushing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to prepare a component A; weighing 40 parts of diatomite and 20 parts of calcium oxide according to the weight ratio, and uniformly mixing to prepare a component B; and uniformly mixing the component A and the component B in a weight ratio of 3:1 to prepare the composite mildew preventive.

Example 1

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 60%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 35%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1.5Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 100Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Example 2

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 55%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.5Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 25%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 120Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Example 3

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural pasture obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content to reach 58%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.7Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 28%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1.2Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 130Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Example 4

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 57%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 30%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1.3Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 140Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Comparative example 1

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 57%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 30%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1.3Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 170Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Comparative example 2

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 57%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 39%;

(4) spraying the compound on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3)The mildew preventive is used in an amount of 1.3Kg/t, and then the mildew preventive is bundled into bundles with a bundling density of 140Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

Comparative example 3

A safe mildew-proof process for natural pasture comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting fresh natural pasture, sorting, removing mildewed and deteriorated components, and collecting for later use;

(2) primarily tedding the natural forage grass obtained in the step (1) in a field, and naturally airing to enable the water content of the natural forage grass to reach 57%;

(3) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (2), wherein the dosage of the compound mildew preventive is 0.8Kg/t, and rolling by using a flatting mill; continuing airing until the water content is 30%;

(4) spraying the compound mildew preventive on the natural pasture grass obtained in the step (3) with the dosage of 1.3Kg/t, and then bundling the natural pasture grass into bundles with the bundling density of 80Kg/m³,

(5) And (4) stacking the bundled natural pastures obtained in the step (4) and covering by using a film.

The natural pasture grasses of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 after being stored for 60 days were subjected to the mold resistance and the nutrient test, and the nutrient test indexes were crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude fat, dry matter, and crude ash, and the specific results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

From the experimental data in table 1, it can be found that, under the condition of a certain water content, the increased bundling density is not beneficial to water volatilization and easy to generate heat, so that the decomposition of nutrient substances and the breeding of mold are caused, and after the bundling density is reduced, the gaps are too large, oxygen is sufficient, and the breeding of mold is also easy to cause the decomposition of nutrient substances; meanwhile, the high-water-content natural pasture is easy to cause nutrient substance decomposition and mould breeding due to high water content.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.