阅读说明：本技术 一种载重卡车半轴锻造工艺 (Forging process for semi-axle of heavy-duty truck ) 是由 陈治国 张德健 廖才斌 于 2020-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明为克服现有半轴锻造工艺比较复杂,加工效率较低,材料浪费较大,制造成本加高的问题,公开了一种载重卡车半轴锻造工艺,包含以下步骤,步骤1,选择与成品半轴杆部直径相同的棒料,下料,得到料段；步骤2,将料段一端加热；步骤3,采用摩擦压力机或平锻机聚料成型,镦粗至花键尺寸；步骤4,重复步骤2和步骤3,料段另一端锻造镦粗,得到半轴毛坯；步骤5,冷滚轧花键；步骤6,调质热处理；步骤7,抛丸。本发明提供一种载重卡车半轴锻造工艺,由于在下料时,直接才选用了与成品半轴杆部直径相同的棒料切成料段,镦造过程中仅对料段两端进行加工,中间杆部未进行锻造加工,提高了加工效率、降低了加工成本和原料成本。(The invention discloses a semi-axle forging process of a truck, aiming at overcoming the problems of more complexity, lower processing efficiency, larger material waste and higher manufacturing cost of the existing semi-axle forging process, and the semi-axle forging process comprises the following steps of 1, selecting a bar with the same diameter as the rod part of a finished semi-axle, and blanking to obtain a material section; step 2, heating one end of the material section; step 3, gathering materials by adopting a friction press or a horizontal forging machine for forming, and upsetting to the size of the spline; step 4, repeating the step 2 and the step 3, and forging and upsetting the other end of the material section to obtain a half shaft blank; step 5, cold rolling the spline; step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment; and 7, shot blasting. The invention provides a forging process of a half shaft of a truck, which is characterized in that a bar material with the same diameter as the rod part of a finished half shaft is directly selected and cut into material sections during blanking, only two ends of the material sections are processed during upsetting, and the middle rod part is not forged, so that the processing efficiency is improved, and the processing cost and the raw material cost are reduced.)

1. A forging process of a half shaft of a load-carrying truck is characterized by comprising the following steps,

step 1, selecting a bar with the same diameter as the rod part of a finished half shaft, and blanking to obtain a material section;

step 2, heating one end of the material section to 950-1200 ℃;

step 3, preheating a forging die, placing the end part of the heated material section in the forging die, gathering and forming by adopting a friction press or a horizontal forging machine, and upsetting to the size of the spline;

step 4, repeating the step 2 and the step 3, forging and upsetting the other end of the material section to obtain a half shaft blank, and detecting the roundness of two ends of the half shaft blank and the roundness of the middle rod part;

step 5, cold rolling the spline;

step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment;

and 7, performing shot blasting to obtain a finished half shaft.

2. The forging process of the half shaft of the heavy-duty truck as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the material of the bar stock is 40Cr, 42CrMo H, 40MnB H, 40CrMnMo, 35CrMo, 35CrMnSi, 40CrV or No. 45 steel.

3. The forging process for the half shaft of the heavy-duty truck as recited in claim 1, wherein the material sections obtained in the step 1 and the middle rod part of the half shaft blank obtained in the step 4 are straightened to ensure perpendicularity.

4. The truck axle shaft forging process of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3 and the step 4, the preheating temperature of the forging die is 150-350 ℃.

5. The truck axle shaft forging process of claim 1, wherein: and 5, in the cold rolling of the spline, the jumping quantity of the middle rod part of the half shaft blank is less than 0.2.

6. The forging process for the half shaft of the heavy-duty truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment is performed by using a quenching furnace, and the quenching temperature is as follows: 850-890 ℃; heating time: 140-160 min; quenching medium: diesel oil; tempering temperature: 560-620 ℃; heating time: 180 min; cooling medium: and (3) water.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a forging process of a half shaft of a heavy-duty truck.

Background

In the design and manufacture of load-carrying trucks, the half-shafts are an important component of the drive system of the load-carrying truck. The half shaft (also called driving shaft) is used to transmit the power output by the differential side gear to the driving wheel or the hub reduction gear, and is usually forged.

However, the existing half shaft forging process is complex, the machining efficiency is low, the material waste is large, and the manufacturing cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of complex forging process, low processing efficiency, large material waste and high manufacturing cost of the existing half shaft, and provides the forging process of the half shaft of the truck.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a forging process of a half shaft of a load-carrying truck comprises the following steps,

step 1, selecting a bar with the same diameter as the rod part of a finished half shaft, and blanking to obtain a material section;

step 2, heating one end of the material section to 950-1200 ℃;

step 3, preheating a forging die, placing the end part of the heated material section in the forging die, gathering and forming by adopting a friction press or a horizontal forging machine, and upsetting to the size of the spline;

step 4, repeating the step 2 and the step 3, forging and upsetting the other end of the material section to obtain a half shaft blank, and detecting the roundness of two ends of the half shaft blank and the roundness of the middle rod part;

step 5, cold rolling the spline;

step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment;

and 7, performing shot blasting to obtain a finished half shaft.

Furthermore, the material of the bar stock is 40Cr, 42CrMo H, 40MnB H, 40CrMnMo, 35CrMo, 35CrMnSi, 40CrV or No. 45 steel.

Further, the material sections obtained in the step 1 and the middle rod part of the half shaft blank obtained in the step 4 need to be straightened, and the verticality is guaranteed.

Further, in the step 3 and the step 4, the preheating temperature of the forging die is 150-350 ℃.

Further, in step 5, during cold rolling of the spline, the jumping amount of the middle rod part of the half shaft blank is less than 0.2.

Further, in step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment is performed by using a quenching furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is as follows: 850-890 ℃; heating time: 140-160 min; quenching medium: diesel oil; tempering temperature: 560-620 ℃; heating time: 180 min; cooling medium: and (3) water.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention solves the problems of relatively complex forging process, relatively low processing efficiency, relatively large material waste and high manufacturing cost of the conventional half shaft, and provides a forging process of the half shaft of the truck, which comprises the steps of blanking, heating, forging and upsetting, cold rolling of a spline, quenching and tempering heat treatment, shot blasting and the like. Because when the unloading, just directly chooseed the bar stock of having the same with finished product semi-axis pole portion diameter and cut into the material section for use, the upsetting in-process only processes material section both ends, and middle pole portion does not forge the processing, has reduced follow-up manufacturing procedure, has improved machining efficiency, has reduced processing cost and raw materials cost, effectively guarantees the supply of material volume.

Detailed Description

In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

In the prior art, the forging process of the half shaft of the load-carrying truck comprises the following steps,

step 1, blanking to obtain a material section;

step 2, integrally heating the material section;

step 3, forging and upsetting;

step 4, turning the rod part;

step 5, cold rolling the spline;

step 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment;

and 7, shot blasting to obtain the cost half shaft.

In the prior art, when a half shaft of a load-carrying truck is forged, the whole material section needs to be processed, the process is long, and the requirement is high. During turning, the tool is seriously worn, and the processing cost is high. In order to deal with turning, the diameter of the material section is usually larger than the diameter of the rod part of the finished half shaft, a large amount of waste materials are generated in the turning process, and the waste is serious.

The embodiment solves the problems of more complex forging process, lower processing efficiency, larger material waste and higher manufacturing cost of the existing half axle, provides a forging process of the half axle of the truck, comprises the following steps,

step 1, selecting a bar with the same diameter as the rod part of the finished half shaft, blanking and straightening to obtain a material section, wherein the material of the bar is 40Cr, 42CrMo H, 40MnB H, 40CrMnMo, 35CrMo, 35CrMnSi, 40CrV or No. 45 steel.

And 2, heating one end of the material section to 950-1200 ℃.

And 3, preheating the forging die, wherein the preheating temperature of the forging die is 150-350 ℃. And placing the end part of the heated material section in a forging die, gathering and forming by adopting a friction press or a horizontal forging machine, and upsetting to the size of the spline.

And 4, repeating the step 2 and the step 3, forging and upsetting the other end of the material section to obtain a half shaft blank, straightening the middle rod part of the half shaft blank, and detecting the roundness of the two ends of the half shaft blank and the roundness of the middle rod part.

And 5, cold rolling the spline, wherein the runout of the middle rod part of the half shaft blank is less than 0.2.

And 6, quenching and tempering heat treatment. Quenching and tempering heat treatment is carried out by adopting a quenching furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is as follows: 850-890 ℃; heating time: 140-160 min; quenching medium: diesel oil; tempering temperature: 560-620 ℃; heating time: 180 min; cooling medium: and (3) water.

And 7, performing shot blasting to remove oxide scales to obtain the finished half shaft.

Compared with the prior art, the forging process in the embodiment has the following characteristics:

(1) and the cost is saved. Assuming the finished half shaft length is around 1m and the rod diameter is 48 mm. In the embodiment, a No. 45 steel bar material with the diameter of 48mm is directly selected. In the prior art, considering the machining allowance, a bar stock with the diameter of at least 52mm needs to be selected. Therefore, by adopting the forging process in the embodiment, 1.2kg of half shaft can be saved for each finished product. Taking 10 thousands of finished half shafts produced in the year as an example, the unit price of No. 45 steel is 8500 yuan/ton, and the material 1020000 yuan can be saved. Meanwhile, the turning process is not needed in the embodiment, namely, lathe equipment and corresponding tools are not needed. In the prior art, the maintenance cost of lathe equipment, tools and equipment is required to be increased by at least 100000 yuan.

(2) The processing period is shortened. In the forging process of the embodiment, the total processing time is about 8 hours. In the forging process in the prior art, the total processing time is about 12 hours. Taking 10 thousands of finished half shafts produced every year as an example, the processing time can be saved by 400000 hours.