阅读说明：本技术 一种胶固粉及其制备方法和在铜矿尾砂固结中的应用 (Cementing powder, preparation method thereof and application thereof in copper ore tailing consolidation ) 是由 侯浩波 兰琪 李文辉 卢子平 罗洁儿 普泽艳 张鹏举 游以文 于 2020-11-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种胶固粉及其制备方法和在铜矿尾砂固结中的应用。该胶固粉由水泥熟料、石粉、工业石膏、激发剂和高温炉渣等原料组成,这些原料之间具有明显的协同作用,在固结铜矿尾砂过程中可以采用低灰砂比、高浓度的浆体进行充填,而固结体具有较强的抗压强度,且稳定性较好,可以实现重金属稳定化。该胶固粉消纳了大量的固体废弃资源,减少了固体废弃物的堆放,还大大降低了尾砂固结的材料成本,高强度的充填体也有利于矿山的回填,达到以废治废的目的。(The invention discloses cementing powder, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in copper ore tailing consolidation. The cementing powder is composed of raw materials such as cement clinker, stone powder, industrial gypsum, an excitant, high-temperature furnace slag and the like, the raw materials have obvious synergistic effect, slurry with low sand-lime ratio and high concentration can be adopted for filling in the process of consolidating copper ore tailing, a consolidated body has strong compressive strength and good stability, and heavy metal stabilization can be realized. The cementing powder has the advantages of consuming a large amount of solid waste resources, reducing the stacking of solid waste, greatly reducing the material cost of tailing consolidation, and being beneficial to the backfill of mines due to the high-strength filling body, thereby achieving the purpose of treating wastes with processes of wastes.)

1. The cementing powder is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

cement clinker: 5-20%;

stone powder: 5-18%;

industrial gypsum: 15-25%;

exciting agent: 2-8%;

high-temperature furnace slag: 45-65 percent.

2. The binding powder of claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

cement clinker: 5-15%;

stone powder: 5-15%;

industrial gypsum: 15-25%;

exciting agent: 2-6%;

high-temperature furnace slag: 45-65 percent.

3. The binding powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the excitant is Na₂CO₃、Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O、Na₂SO₄、NaNO₃At least one of them.

4. The binding powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the stone powder is talcum powder.

5. The method for producing the set powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: and performing ball milling on the cement clinker, the stone powder, the industrial gypsum, the exciting agent and the high-temperature furnace slag to obtain the cementing powder.

6. The method for preparing the cementing powder of claim 5, which is characterized in that: the ball milling conditions are as follows: the revolution speed is 270-350 r/min, the rotation speed is 60-80 r/min, the ball-material ratio is 5-7: 1, stirring is carried out for 2-5 times at intervals of 10-20 min, and stirring is carried out for 20-30 min each time.

7. Use of a binding powder according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method is applied to the consolidation of the copper mine tailings.

8. Use of a binding powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: uniformly stirring the copper ore tailings, the cementing powder and water, and then solidifying and forming.

9. Use of a binding powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: the copper ore tailings, the cementing powder and the water are as follows: and (3) proportioning the materials according to the ash-sand ratio of 1: 4-1: 16 and the mass percentage concentration of the slurry of 72-75%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to cementing powder, in particular to cementing powder for consolidating copper ore tailings, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of consolidation materials.

Background

With the gradual depletion of shallow mining resources of many mines, deep mining is gradually shifted, which not only needs to process a large amount of tailings generated by upper mining, but also needs to solve the safety problem caused by the left goaf on the upper part, further realizes the mining of deep resources, and thus needs to optimize a safe and efficient mining method. Compared with other mining methods, the filling mining method has the characteristics of high recovery rate, low dilution rate, high safety and the like, can well control the ground pressure movement of the mine, prevent the ground from collapsing, ensure the mining safety, and can also treat a large amount of mine solid wastes such as stockpiled tailings, waste rocks and the like. Therefore, the filling mining method is increasingly widely applied to mines at home and abroad.

When the goaf is filled by adopting a slurry filling method, a consolidation material with a good consolidation effect is needed. The cement is used as a common filling cementing agent, but the grain size of a cement material is relatively thick, so that when the content of fine tailings is relatively high, the problems of low filling slurry concentration, high slurry bleeding rate, poor consolidation performance and the like are easily caused due to high slurry viscosity and large pipeline on-way resistance in the filling process. In order to ensure safe filling mining, the mine can only improve the filling sand-lime ratio, and further improve the compression strength of a filling body, thereby increasing the filling mining cost. Therefore, finding a cementing material which can be filled at a low sand-lime ratio and a high concentration, is low in cost, and enables the compression strength of a filling body to be high as a cement substitute is also an important way for reducing the cost of a filling mining method.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a cementing powder, which has low raw material cost, can perform low sand-lime ratio and high concentration filling on fine-grained copper tailings, has high consolidation strength and good heavy metal stabilization effect, and is particularly suitable for the consolidation of copper mine tailings with high fine-grained content.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the cementing powder, which has simple operation and low cost and is beneficial to large-scale production.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide an application of the cementing powder, the cementing powder is applied to the consolidation of copper ore tailings, the low sand-ash ratio and high-concentration filling can be realized, and the high-strength and high-stability consolidation of the copper ore tailings with high fine particle content can be realized.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a cementing powder which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

cement clinker: 5-20%; stone powder: 5-18%; industrial gypsum: 15-25%; exciting agent: 2-8%; high-temperature furnace slag: 45-65 percent.

As a preferred scheme, the cementing powder preferably consists of the following components in percentage by mass: cement clinker: 5-15%; stone powder: 5-15%; industrial gypsum: 15-25%; exciting agent: 2-6%; high-temperature furnace slag: 45-65 percent.

The cementing powder of the invention mainly comprises cement clinker, stone powder, industrial gypsum, high-temperature furnace slag and other components, the synergistic effect of the components is obvious, hydration reaction is carried out under the action of an excitant, geopolymerization reaction is produced, and a consolidation body with better mechanical property and good chemical stability is generated.

As a preferred embodiment, the stone powder is talc powder.

As a preferred scheme, the excitant is Na₂CO₃、Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O、Na₂SO₄、NaNO₃At least one of them.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the cementing powder, which is to perform ball milling on cement clinker, stone powder, industrial gypsum, an excitant and high-temperature furnace slag to obtain the cementing powder.

As a preferred scheme, the ball milling conditions are as follows: the revolution speed is 270-350 r/min, the rotation speed is 60-80 r/min, the ball-material ratio is 5-7: 1, stirring is carried out for 2-5 times at intervals of 10-20 min, and stirring is carried out for 20-30 min each time. The particle size distribution of the cementing powder is consistent with the change rule of ball milling conditions, if the ball-material ratio is too high or the rotating speed is too high, local high temperature can be caused to cause the particles to agglomerate, so that the particle size of the consolidation material is increased, and the corresponding compressive strength of the consolidation body is reduced.

The invention also provides application of the cementing powder to the consolidation of the copper ore tailings.

The invention also provides application of the cementing powder, and the copper ore tailings, the cementing powder and water are uniformly stirred and then are solidified and molded.

As a preferred scheme, the copper ore tailings, the cementing powder and the water are as follows: and (3) proportioning the materials according to the ash-sand ratio of 1: 4-1: 16 and the mass percentage concentration of the slurry of 72-75%. The preferable ratio of the ash to the sand is 8 to 16.

The method for consolidating the copper ore tailings by using the cementing powder comprises the following steps:

s1) weighing various raw materials of the cementing powder, and placing the raw materials into a planetary ball mill for ball milling, wherein in the ball milling process, the revolution rotating speed of the ball mill is 250-350 r/min, the rotation rotating speed is 50-90 r/min, the ball-to-material ratio is 3-7: 1, stirring is carried out for 2-5 times at intervals of 10-20 min, and stirring is carried out for 20-30 min each time, so as to prepare the cementing powder for later use;

s2) calculating the wet weight of copper ore tailings, the weight of tailing cementing powder and the weight of water which needs to be additionally added according to the design mixing proportion, mixing according to the ash-sand ratio of 1: 4-1: 16, adjusting slurry concentration of 72-75%, placing the slurry in an iron barrel, uniformly stirring by using a mechanical stirrer for 8-15 min, pouring the slurry into a mold, placing the poured mold in a curing box for curing for 24h, scraping the mold, demolding and the like to finally obtain a 70.7 x 70.7mm cube test block.

S3) curing the test block in the step S2) in a curing box under the following curing conditions: the curing conditions are that the humidity is 90 +/-2%, the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the curing time is 7 days and 28 days respectively, so as to obtain the phosphogypsum consolidation body.

The cementing powder provided by the invention utilizes the synergistic effect among materials such as cement clinker, high-temperature furnace slag, stone powder, industrial gypsum and the like, generates a consolidation body with better mechanical property and chemical stability through hydration reaction among the components, and can realize effective consolidation of copper ore tailings with higher fine particle content. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the main raw materials of the cementing powder comprise cement clinker, stone powder, industrial gypsum, high-temperature furnace slag and the like, so that a large amount of solid waste is consumed, the resource utilization of waste residues is realized, the effect of treating waste by waste is achieved, and the consolidation cost of copper ore tailings is reduced;

2. compared with the consolidation effect of a cement cementing material, the consolidation effect of the cementing powder consolidated copper mine tailing can be realized by filling the copper mine tailing with low ash-sand ratio and high concentration, the formed consolidated body has high strength and good stability, toxic and harmful substances in the copper mine tailing can be effectively consolidated, the problems of low consolidation strength of the copper mine tailing and poor consolidation stability of heavy metal pollutants are solved, the environmental pollution is effectively reduced, and the environment is protected;

3. after the cementing powder and the tailing slurry are fully and uniformly stirred, the slurry is conveyed to a goaf through a pipeline to be naturally solidified and molded, so that the goaf is backfilled, the number and the volume of the goaf can be gradually reduced, potential safety hazards are eliminated, the tailing pond discharge amount of the tailing is reduced, the service life of the tailing pond is prolonged, and the comprehensive benefits of a mine are improved;

4. the cementing powder has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost and simple production process, and realizes efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is intended to illustrate the invention in further detail, and not to limit the scope of the claims.

Example 1

A preparation method for consolidating tailing cementing powder of copper ore, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the method comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of cement clinker, 7% of talcum powder, 20% of industrial gypsum and Na₂SO₄3% and 60% of high-temperature furnace slag, putting the raw materials into a planetary ball mill, stirring twice at intervals of 20min, and stirring for 25min each time to prepare the consolidation material, wherein the revolution speed of the vertical planetary ball mill is preferably 300r/min, the rotation speed is 70r/min, and the ball-material ratio is 6: 1.

(2) 5000g of dry basis, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:16 of cementing powder and tailing sand (ash-sand ratio), 72% of slurry and tap water as a solvent are weighed and placed in an iron bucket, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for 10min by using a mechanical stirrer. A portion of the slurry was then used for the spread test and another portion was cast in two triple trial molds. And placing the cast mold in a curing box for curing for 24h, and then carrying out mold scraping, demolding and other steps to finally obtain a 70.7-70.7 mm cube test block.

(3) And (3) curing the prepared test block at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 95%, and then testing the unconfined compressive strength of the test block which is cured for 7 days and 28 days.

Example 2

The method comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of cement clinker, 12% of talcum powder, 20% of industrial gypsum, 3% of excitant and 55% of high-temperature furnace slag, the preparation of cementing powder and the preparation of test blocks are carried out according to the method of example 1, the prepared test blocks are maintained under the environment of 20 ℃ and 95% of humidity, and then unconfined compressive strength tests are carried out on the test blocks maintained for 7 days and 28 days.

Example 3

The method comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of cement clinker, 5% of talcum powder, 17% of industrial gypsum, 3% of excitant and 65% of high-temperature furnace slag, the preparation of cementing powder and the preparation of test blocks are carried out according to the method of example 1, the prepared test blocks are maintained under the environment of 20 ℃ and 95% of humidity, and then unconfined compressive strength tests are carried out on the test blocks maintained for 7 days and 28 days.

Comparative example 1

The method comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of cement clinker, 0% of talcum powder, 17% of industrial gypsum, 3% of excitant and 65% of high-temperature furnace slag, the preparation of cementing powder and the preparation of test blocks are carried out according to the method of example 1, the prepared test blocks are maintained under the environment of 20 ℃ and 95% of humidity, and then unconfined compressive strength tests are carried out on the test blocks maintained for 7 days and 28 days.

Comparative example 2

The method comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 27% of cement clinker, 5% of talcum powder, 0% of industrial gypsum, 3% of excitant and 65% of high-temperature furnace slag, the preparation of cementing powder and the preparation of test blocks are carried out according to the method of example 1, the prepared test blocks are maintained under the environment of 20 ℃ and 95% of humidity, and then unconfined compressive strength tests are carried out on the test blocks maintained for 7 days and 28 days.

The unconfined compressive strength of the copper ore tailing test blocks prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 is tested for 7 days and 28 days; the inventive performance test section, each example, was run in 3 replicates with the average being the average of 3 test blocks (see road engineering inorganic binder stabilizing materials test protocol (JTG E51-2009)). The detection results are shown in table 1:

table 1 unconfined compressive strength test of test blocks prepared at various feed ratios:

as can be seen from Table 1, the cementing powder of the present invention has obvious synergistic effect of cement clinker, blast furnace slag, stone powder, industrial gypsum and other components, promotes chemical reaction mutually and raises the consolidation performance of the material.

The foregoing embodiments are illustrative of the principles and preferred embodiments of this invention, and various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be protected.