阅读说明：本技术 一种制备纯净的定向凝固金属组织用凝固装置及方法 (Solidification device and method for preparing pure directionally solidified metal structure ) 是由 封存利 介明山 位高锋 杨文朋 于 2021-05-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种制备纯净的定向凝固金属组织用凝固装置,包括承载机架、熔炼炉、结晶炉、结晶冷凝机构、注流管、注流调节机构、负压泵、增压泵及驱动电路,熔炼炉、结晶炉均为嵌于承载机架内,熔炼炉与结晶炉通过注流管连通,结晶冷凝机构与结晶炉下端面连接,注流调节机构下半部嵌于熔炼炉内,负压泵、增压泵分别与熔炼炉、结晶炉连通,驱动电路嵌于承载机架外侧面。其铸锭方法包括设备装配,环境预制,转炉作业及结晶作业等四个步骤。本发明一方面降低了金属熔融及冷凝结晶作业时金属氧化物产含量；另一方面可实现对金属冷凝结晶时凝固速度、结晶方向进行精确调控,有效地改善金属铸锭的显微组织。(The invention relates to a solidification device for preparing pure directionally solidified metal structures, which comprises a bearing rack, a smelting furnace, a crystallizing condensation mechanism, a flow injection pipe, a flow injection regulating mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit, wherein the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace are embedded in the bearing rack, the smelting furnace is communicated with the crystallizing furnace through the flow injection pipe, the crystallizing condensation mechanism is connected with the lower end surface of the crystallizing furnace, the lower half part of the flow injection regulating mechanism is embedded in the smelting furnace, the negative pressure pump and the booster pump are respectively communicated with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace, and the driving circuit is embedded in the outer side surface of the bearing rack. The ingot casting method comprises four steps of equipment assembly, environment prefabrication, converter operation, crystallization operation and the like. On one hand, the invention reduces the content of metal oxide during the metal melting and condensation crystallization operation; on the other hand, the solidification speed and the crystallization direction can be accurately regulated and controlled during metal condensation crystallization, and the microstructure of the metal cast ingot is effectively improved.)

1. The utility model provides a preparation pure directional solidification equipment for metal structure which characterized in that: the solidification device for preparing pure directionally solidified metal tissue comprises a bearing frame, a smelting furnace, a crystallizing and condensing mechanism, a flow injection pipe, an injection flow adjusting mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit, wherein the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace are embedded in the bearing frame and are connected with the inner side surface of the bearing frame, the smelting furnace is positioned above the crystallizing furnace and is communicated with the crystallizing furnace through the flow injection pipe, the injection flow pipe is coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace and is respectively communicated with the lower end surface of the smelting furnace and the upper end surface of the crystallizing furnace, the crystallizing and condensing mechanism is connected with the lower end surface of the crystallizing furnace and is coaxially distributed with the crystallizing furnace, the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the smelting furnace are coaxially distributed, the lower half part of the injection flow adjusting mechanism is embedded in the smelting furnace, the upper half part of the injection flow adjusting mechanism is positioned outside the smelting furnace and is connected with the bearing frame through a lifting driving mechanism, and the lower end surface of the injection flow adjusting mechanism is abutted against the lower end surface of the smelting furnace and is embedded in the upper end surface of the flow injection flow pipe, the negative pressure pump and the booster pump are at least one and are respectively communicated with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace, wherein the negative pressure pump and the booster pump are respectively communicated with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace through control valves, the booster pump is also communicated with an external inert gas source, and the driving circuit is embedded on the outer side surface of the bearing frame and is respectively electrically connected with the smelting furnace, the crystallizing furnace, the crystallization condensing mechanism, the injection flow adjusting mechanism, the negative pressure pump, the booster pump, the lifting driving mechanism and the control valves.

2. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the smelting furnace comprises a heat-insulating bearing cavity, a sealing cover, a smelting crucible, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, gas composition sensors and an induction heating coil, wherein the heat-insulating bearing cavity and the smelting crucible are of a U-shaped cavity structure in axial section, the upper end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity is connected with the sealing cover to form a closed cavity structure, the smelting crucible is embedded in the heat-insulating bearing cavity and is coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity, at least two pressure sensors are arranged between the lower end surface of the smelting crucible and the contact surface at the bottom of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed around the axis of the smelting crucible, the lower end surface of the smelting crucible and the lower end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity are provided with injection ports coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the smelting crucible is communicated with the upper end surface of an injection pipe through the injection ports, and the injection pipe is embedded in the injection ports of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the outer diameter of the smelting crucible is 50% -90% of the inner diameter of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the height of the smelting crucible is 60% -95% of the height of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the side wall of the heat-insulating bearing cavity is provided with an exhaust port and an air supplementing port, the axes of the exhaust port and the air supplementing port are vertically distributed with the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the axis of the exhaust port is positioned at least 5 mm higher than the upper end surface of the smelting crucible, the axis of the air supplementing port is at least 5 mm higher than the bottom of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the exhaust port is communicated with a negative pressure pump, the air supplementing port is communicated with a booster pump, at least one temperature sensor and at least one gas component sensor are connected with the lower end surface of a sealing cover by surrounding the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the sealing cover is provided with an adjusting port coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity and at least one transparent observation window uniformly distributed by surrounding the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the injection flow adjusting mechanism is embedded in the adjusting port, is connected with the adjusting port side wall in a sliding mode and is distributed coaxially with the adjusting port, when the distance between the lower end face of the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the bottom of the smelting crucible is 0, the lower end face of the injection flow adjusting mechanism is embedded in the upper end face of the injection flow pipe and is sealed against the upper end face of the injection flow pipe, at least one induction heating coil is of a closed annular structure which is distributed coaxially with the smelting crucible and covers the smelting crucible, the height of the induction heating coil is not less than 50% of the height of the smelting crucible, and the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the gas composition sensor and the induction heating coil are all electrically connected with the driving circuit.

3. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the crystallizing furnace comprises a bearing cavity, a heat exchange plate, a top plate, a forming die, a crystallizing temperature adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor and a gas composition sensor, wherein the bearing cavity and the forming die are of a U-shaped cavity structure in axial section, the upper end surface of the bearing cavity is connected with the top plate to form a closed cavity structure, the side wall of the bearing cavity is provided with at least one exhaust port and at least one air supplementing port, the axes of the exhaust port and the air supplementing port are vertically distributed with the axis of the bearing cavity, the axis of the exhaust port is positioned at least 5 mm higher than the upper end surface of the forming die, the axis of the air supplementing port is at least 5 mm higher than the upper end surface of the heat exchange plate, the exhaust port is communicated with a negative pressure pump, the air supplementing port is communicated with a booster pump, the top plate is provided with through holes coaxially distributed with the top plate, the lower end surface of a flow injection pipe is embedded in the bearing cavity through the through holes, positioned right above the forming die and communicated with the forming die, and the forming die is embedded in the bearing cavity, the temperature sensor and the gas component sensor are embedded in the lower end face of the top plate and are uniformly distributed around the axis of the top plate, and the crystal temperature adjusting mechanism, the temperature sensor and the gas component sensor are electrically connected with a driving circuit.

4. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism comprises a medium-frequency induction coil, a high-frequency induction coil, hard high-temperature resistant bases, hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, a non-contact temperature sensor, at least two guide chutes, a conductive wire row, contact electrodes and a lifting driving mechanism, wherein the guide chutes are uniformly distributed around the axis of a forming die and are vertically connected with the bottom of a bearing cavity, the hard high-temperature resistant bases are at least two, the hard high-temperature resistant bases are distributed from top to bottom along the axis direction of the forming die, the hard high-temperature resistant bases and the hard high-temperature resistant partition plates are both closed annular structures which are coaxially distributed with the forming die, the outer surfaces of the hard high-temperature resistant bases are in sliding connection with the guide chutes through sliding blocks, the rear half parts of the sliding blocks are embedded in the guide chutes, the rear end surfaces of the sliding blocks are in sliding connection with the bottom of the guide chutes through the lifting driving mechanism, and the inner surfaces of the hard high-temperature resistant bases are connected with the three hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, three hard high-temperature resistant partition plates are uniformly distributed from top to bottom along the axis of the hard high-temperature resistant base, two locating grooves with U-shaped cross sections are formed between the hard high-temperature resistant base and the hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, one locating groove is internally provided with a medium-frequency induction coil, the other locating groove is internally provided with a high-frequency induction coil, the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil are connected in parallel, the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil are respectively and electrically connected with a contact electrode, the contact electrode is connected with the rear end face of the sliding block, abuts against the conductive line row, is in sliding connection with the conductive line row and is electrically connected with a driving circuit through the conductive line row, the two conductive line rows are embedded in the inner surface of the side wall of the guide sliding groove, one conductive line row is electrically connected with the medium-frequency induction coil, and the other conductive line row is electrically connected with the high-frequency induction coil, the two conducting wire rows are electrically connected with the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil in parallel, the number of the non-contact temperature sensors is consistent with that of the hard high-temperature-resistant bases, each hard high-temperature-resistant base is connected with 1-6 non-contact temperature sensors through the inner side surface of the hard high-temperature-resistant partition plate, the non-contact temperature sensors are connected in parallel and are uniformly distributed around the axis of the forming die, the axis of each non-contact temperature sensor is perpendicular to and intersected with the axis of the forming die, and the non-contact temperature sensors, the conducting wire rows and the lifting driving mechanism are electrically connected.

5. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1 or claim 4, wherein: the lifting driving mechanism is any one of an electric gear rack mechanism, an electric telescopic rod and an electric transmission chain.

6. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the crystallization condensing mechanism comprises a heat exchanger, a refrigerating mechanism, a circulating pump, a condensing medium tank, a supply pipe, a return pipe and temperature sensors, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned in the crystallization furnace and is connected with the lower end face of a heat exchange plate at the bottom of the crystallization furnace and coaxially distributed, the input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the supply pipe and is communicated with the circulating pump through the supply pipe, the output end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the return pipe and is communicated with the condensing medium tank through the return pipe, the refrigerating mechanism, the circulating pump and the condensing medium tank are all connected with the inner side face of the bearing frame, the refrigerating mechanism is respectively communicated with the supply pipe and the condensing medium tank through the circulating pump, the temperature sensors are two in number and are respectively connected with the supply pipe and the return pipe, and the refrigerating mechanism, the circulating pump and the temperature sensors are all electrically connected with a driving circuit.

7. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the injection flow adjusting mechanism comprises a guide sleeve, a plunger block, a transmission column, an air guide pipe, a control valve and an air pressure sensor, wherein the guide sleeve is of a hollow tubular structure and is embedded at the top of the smelting furnace and coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace, the transmission column is embedded in the guide sleeve and coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve and is in sliding connection with the guide sleeve, the upper half part of the transmission column is positioned outside the upper end surface of the smelting furnace and is connected with a lifting driving mechanism, the lower half part of the transmission column, which is positioned in the smelting furnace, is provided with an air guide cavity coaxially distributed with the transmission column, the depth of the air guide cavity is 60% -95% of the height of the transmission column, the air guide cavity is parallel and level with the upper end surface of the transmission column and is communicated with the air guide pipe through the control valve, a plurality of aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall, corresponding to the transmission column, in the smelting furnace, and are communicated with the smelting furnace through the aeration holes, and the aperture of the aeration holes is not more than 5 mm, the aeration holes are distributed around the axis of the transmission column in a spiral structure, the axes of the aeration holes are vertically distributed with the axis of the transmission column, and the distance between the axis of the aeration holes and the axis of the transmission column is 0 percent to 90 percent of the radius of the transmission column.

8. The solidification device for producing a pure directionally solidified metallic structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the drive circuit is a data processing circuit system based on any one of an FPGA chip and a CPID chip, the drive circuit is additionally provided with a drive circuit based on a programmable controller, a power regulation circuit based on an IGBT, an electronic switch circuit based on a thyristor, a high-frequency drive circuit, an intermediate-frequency drive circuit, a multi-path stabilized voltage power supply and a data communication circuit, the data processing circuit system is electrically connected with the drive circuit based on the programmable controller, the multi-path stabilized voltage power supply and the data communication circuit, the drive circuit based on the programmable controller is electrically connected with the power regulation circuit based on the IGBT, the electronic switch circuit based on the thyristor, the multi-path stabilized voltage power supply and the data communication circuit, and the multi-path stabilized voltage power supply is electrically connected with the high-frequency drive circuit and the intermediate-frequency drive circuit respectively.

9. The ingot casting method for preparing the pure solidification device for the directional solidification metal structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, assembling equipment, namely, firstly, installing a bearing frame at a designated working position according to the working operation requirement, enabling the axis of the bearing frame to be vertically distributed with the horizontal plane, then respectively connecting a smelting furnace, a crystallizing and condensing mechanism, an injection pipe, an injection flow adjusting mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit with the bearing frame, finally, communicating the booster pump with an external inert gas source, and connecting the driving circuit with an external power supply circuit system and a monitoring system, thus finishing the equipment assembly;

s2, performing environmental prefabrication, after the step S1 is completed, firstly driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to operate, plugging an injection flow pipe by the injection flow adjusting mechanism, adding a metal block raw material to be smelted into a crucible of the smelting furnace, installing a forming die into the crystallization furnace, then sealing the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, driving a negative pressure pump and a booster pump to operate, discharging air in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be not more than 3%, adjusting the inert gas pressure in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, finally driving the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to operate, enabling the temperature in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be synchronously raised until the metal block to be smelted in the smelting furnace is raised to a molten state, simultaneously pressurizing external inert gas by the booster pump and then conveying the pressurized inert gas to the injection flow adjusting mechanism, and conveying the pressurized high-pressure gas to molten metal liquid through an aeration hole of the injection flow adjusting mechanism, stirring and smelting the molten metal liquid by high-pressure inert gas, and preserving heat for 5-20 minutes;

s3, operating the converter, after the step S2 is completed, driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to ascend, adjusting the distance between a plunger block of the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the upper end face of an injection flow pipe, so that molten metal is injected into a forming die of the crystallizing furnace through the injection flow pipe, synchronously weighing the crucible through a pressure sensor of a smelting furnace simultaneously during the injection operation, indirectly acquiring the total amount of the molten metal injected into the crystallizing furnace through weight change of the crucible, and performing heat preservation operation on the molten metal through a crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism within 1-5 minutes before the molten metal enters the forming die of the crystallizing furnace;

s4, crystallization operation, wherein after the molten metal is kept warm in the forming die, the crystallization condensing mechanism is driven to operate to make the temperature of a condensing medium output by the crystallization condensing mechanism reach the temperature of the molten metal, then the bottom of the forming die is cooled by the crystallization condensing mechanism, and the operation power of the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism is adjusted synchronously in the cooling process, so that on one hand, the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from bottom to top along the axis of the forming die; on the other hand, the temperature of the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from outside to inside along the radial direction of the forming die, and the cooling rate of the molten metal from bottom to top is 15-50 ℃/min; the cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/min after condensation from outside to inside, finally, the crystallized metal is cooled along with the furnace at normal temperature under the protection of inert gas environment after the metal in a forming die is crystallized, and the cooled crystallized metal is demoulded to obtain the finished metal.

10. The ingot casting method for preparing the pure solidification device for the directionally solidified metal structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, during the crystallization operation, the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism adjusts the relative position relationship between the medium frequency induction coil, the high frequency induction coil and the forming die connected to each hard high temperature resistant base by the lifting driving mechanism of the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism during the operation and adjustment process; on the other hand, the non-contact temperature sensor is used for synchronously detecting the temperature of each position of the forming die, and the operating power and the operating state of the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil connected with the hard high-temperature resistant base are adjusted according to the detected temperature.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a solidification device and a method for preparing a pure directionally solidified metal structure, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.

Background

In the process of smelting and casting metal materials, gas occasionally enters a metal melt to react with metal, and the performance of a cast workpiece or ingot is seriously influenced. In order to avoid the reaction between the gas in the air and the metal melt to affect the material performance, two ways are generally adopted to protect the metal melt: 1. vacuum smelting method, 2. atmosphere protection smelting method. The vacuum smelting method is to use a vacuum smelting furnace, and before the smelting, the furnace chamber is vacuumized, and the metal material is smelted in a vacuum environment. The metal material obtained by vacuum melting has low impurity content and excellent material performance. However, the vacuum melting equipment is expensive, has high production cost, and is suitable for melting metal materials with extremely high purity requirements. The atmosphere protection smelting method is to fill protective atmosphere into a furnace chamber and finish smelting the metal material under the protection of the atmosphere. Compared with a vacuum melting method, the atmosphere protection melting method has relatively low requirements on equipment, simple process and low production cost, but the currently used atmosphere protection melting method has a complex system structure and relatively poor inert gas protection atmosphere control and adjustment precision, so that the control stability of the content of impurities such as oxides in a metal material in metal material melting is poor, and the quality stability of products during metal melting and cast molding processing is relatively poor;

meanwhile, in the current metal smelting and casting process, the smelting and continuous casting equipment has a relatively complex structure, the continuity of the casting operation and the casting operation is poor, and meanwhile, when molten metal is condensed, the rate of the condensing operation cannot be controlled accurately, so that the orientation of crystal grains after the metal is solidified is freely distributed, the mechanical property and the electric conductivity of a casting material are poor, and particularly when current passes through the metal material, the scattering of electrons at a grain boundary is severe due to the interference of a polycrystal boundary, so that the electric conductivity, the elongation and the yield strength of the metal material are relatively poor, and the use requirement is difficult to meet effectively.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop a metal melting and casting apparatus and a corresponding directional solidification casting method to meet the practical requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a solidification device and a method for preparing a pure directional solidification metal structure.

A solidifying device for preparing pure directional solidification metal tissue comprises a bearing frame, a smelting furnace, a crystallizing condensing mechanism, a flow injection pipe, a flow injection adjusting mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit, wherein the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace are embedded in the bearing frame and are connected with the inner side surface of the bearing frame, the smelting furnace is positioned above the crystallizing furnace and is communicated with the crystallizing furnace through the flow injection pipe, the flow injection pipe is coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace and is respectively communicated with the lower end surface of the smelting furnace and the upper end surface of the crystallizing furnace, the crystallizing condensing mechanism is connected with the lower end surface of the crystallizing furnace and is coaxially distributed with the crystallizing furnace, the flow injection adjusting mechanism and the smelting furnace are coaxially distributed, the lower half part of the flow injection adjusting mechanism is embedded in the smelting furnace, the upper half part of the flow injection adjusting mechanism is positioned outside the smelting furnace and is connected with the bearing frame through a lifting driving mechanism, and the lower end surface of the flow injection adjusting mechanism is abutted against the lower end surface of the smelting furnace and is embedded in the upper end surface of the flow injection pipe, the negative pressure pump and the booster pump are respectively communicated with the smelting furnace and the crystallizing furnace through control valves, the booster pump is further communicated with an external inert gas source, and the driving circuit is embedded on the outer side surface of the bearing frame and is respectively electrically connected with the smelting furnace, the crystallizing furnace, the crystallization condensing mechanism, the injection flow adjusting mechanism, the negative pressure pump, the booster pump, the lifting driving mechanism and the control valves.

Furthermore, the smelting furnace comprises a heat-insulating bearing cavity, a sealing cover, a smelting crucible, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, gas composition sensors and an induction heating coil, wherein the heat-insulating bearing cavity and the smelting crucible are both of a cavity structure with a U-shaped axial section, the upper end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity is connected with the sealing cover to form a closed cavity structure, the smelting crucible is embedded in the heat-insulating bearing cavity and is coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity, at least two pressure sensors are arranged between the lower end surface of the smelting crucible and the contact surface of the bottom of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed around the axis of the smelting crucible, the lower end surface of the smelting crucible and the lower end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity are provided with injection ports coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the smelting crucible is communicated with the upper end surface of an injection pipe through the injection ports, and the injection pipe is embedded in the injection ports of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the outer diameter of the smelting crucible is 50% -90% of the inner diameter of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the height of the smelting crucible is 60% -95% of the height of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the side wall of the heat-insulating bearing cavity is provided with an exhaust port and an air supplementing port, the axes of the exhaust port and the air supplementing port are vertically distributed with the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the axis of the exhaust port is positioned at least 5 mm higher than the upper end surface of the smelting crucible, the axis of the air supplementing port is at least 5 mm higher than the bottom of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the exhaust port is communicated with a negative pressure pump, the air supplementing port is communicated with a booster pump, at least one temperature sensor and at least one gas component sensor are connected with the lower end surface of a sealing cover by surrounding the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the sealing cover is provided with an adjusting port coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity and at least one transparent observation window uniformly distributed by surrounding the axis of the heat-insulating bearing cavity, the injection flow adjusting mechanism is embedded in the adjusting port, is connected with the adjusting port side wall in a sliding mode and is distributed coaxially with the adjusting port, when the distance between the lower end face of the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the bottom of the smelting crucible is 0, the lower end face of the injection flow adjusting mechanism is embedded in the upper end face of the injection flow pipe and is sealed against the upper end face of the injection flow pipe, at least one induction heating coil is of a closed annular structure which is distributed coaxially with the smelting crucible and covers the smelting crucible, the height of the induction heating coil is not less than 50% of the height of the smelting crucible, and the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the gas composition sensor and the induction heating coil are all electrically connected with the driving circuit.

Furthermore, the crystallization furnace comprises a bearing cavity, a heat exchange plate, a top plate, a forming die, a crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism, a temperature sensor and a gas component sensor, wherein the bearing cavity and the forming die are both of a cavity structure with a U-shaped axial section, the upper end surface of the bearing cavity is connected with the top plate to form a closed cavity structure, the side wall of the bearing cavity is provided with at least one exhaust port and at least one air supplementing port, the axes of the exhaust port and the air supplementing port are vertically distributed with the axis of the bearing cavity, the axis of the exhaust port is positioned at least 5 mm above the upper end surface of the forming die, the axis of the air supplementing port is higher than the upper end surface of the heat exchange plate by at least 5 mm, the exhaust port is communicated with a negative pressure pump, the air supplementing port is communicated with a booster pump, the top plate is provided with through holes which are coaxially distributed with the top plate, and the lower end surface of the injection pipe is embedded in the bearing cavity through the through holes and is positioned right above the forming die and communicated with the forming die, the forming die is embedded in the bearing cavity, is coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity and is connected with the bottom of the bearing cavity through a heat exchange plate, the heat exchange plate and the forming die are coaxially distributed, the area of the upper end face of the heat exchange plate is 0.5-1.5 times of the area of the lower end face of the forming die, the outer diameter of the forming die is 50% -90% of the inner diameter of the bearing cavity, the height of the forming die is 60% -95% of the height of the bearing cavity, the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism is wrapped outside the forming die and is coaxially distributed with the forming die, the distance between the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism and the outer surface of the forming die is 0-20 mm, the height of the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism is 0.9-1.1 times of the forming die, at least one of the temperature sensor and the gas component sensor is embedded in the lower end face of the top plate and is uniformly distributed around the axis of the top plate, and the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism, the temperature sensor and the gas component sensor are electrically connected with the driving circuit.

Furthermore, the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism comprises a medium-frequency induction coil, a high-frequency induction coil, hard high-temperature resistant bases, hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, a non-contact temperature sensor, at least two guide chutes, a conductive wire row, contact electrodes and a lifting driving mechanism, wherein the guide chutes are uniformly distributed around the axis of the forming die and are vertically connected with the bottom of the bearing cavity, the hard high-temperature resistant bases are at least two, the hard high-temperature resistant bases are distributed along the axis direction of the forming die from top to bottom, the hard high-temperature resistant bases and the hard high-temperature resistant partition plates are both closed annular structures which are coaxially distributed with the forming die, the outer surfaces of the hard high-temperature resistant bases are slidably connected with the guide chutes through sliding blocks, the rear half parts of the sliding blocks are embedded in the guide chutes, the rear end surfaces of the sliding blocks are slidably connected with the bottom of the guide chutes through the lifting driving mechanism, and the inner surfaces of the hard high-temperature resistant bases are connected with the three hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, three hard high-temperature resistant partition plates are uniformly distributed from top to bottom along the axis of the hard high-temperature resistant base, two locating grooves with U-shaped cross sections are formed between the hard high-temperature resistant base and the hard high-temperature resistant partition plates, one locating groove is internally provided with a medium-frequency induction coil, the other locating groove is internally provided with a high-frequency induction coil, the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil are connected in parallel, the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil are respectively and electrically connected with a contact electrode, the contact electrode is connected with the rear end face of the sliding block, abuts against the conductive line row, is in sliding connection with the conductive line row and is electrically connected with a driving circuit through the conductive line row, the two conductive line rows are embedded in the inner surface of the side wall of the guide sliding groove, one conductive line row is electrically connected with the medium-frequency induction coil, and the other conductive line row is electrically connected with the high-frequency induction coil, the two conducting wire rows are electrically connected with the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil in parallel, the number of the non-contact temperature sensors is consistent with that of the hard high-temperature-resistant bases, each hard high-temperature-resistant base is connected with 1-6 non-contact temperature sensors through the inner side surface of the hard high-temperature-resistant partition plate, the non-contact temperature sensors are connected in parallel and are uniformly distributed around the axis of the forming die, the axis of each non-contact temperature sensor is perpendicular to and intersected with the axis of the forming die, and the non-contact temperature sensors, the conducting wire rows and the lifting driving mechanism are electrically connected.

Furthermore, the lifting driving mechanism is any one of an electric gear rack mechanism, an electric telescopic rod and an electric transmission chain.

Furthermore, the crystallization condensing mechanism comprises a heat exchanger, a refrigerating mechanism, a circulating pump, a condensing medium tank, a supply pipe, a return pipe and temperature sensors, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned in the crystallization furnace and is connected with the lower end face of a heat exchange plate at the bottom of the crystallization furnace and coaxially distributed, the input end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the supply pipe and is communicated with the circulating pump through the supply pipe, the output end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the return pipe and is communicated with the condensing medium tank through the return pipe, the refrigerating mechanism, the circulating pump and the condensing medium tank are all connected with the inner side face of the bearing rack, the refrigerating mechanism is respectively communicated with the supply pipe and the condensing medium tank through the circulating pump, the number of the temperature sensors is two, the two temperature sensors are respectively connected with the supply pipe and the return pipe, and the refrigerating mechanism, the circulating pump and the temperature sensors are all electrically connected with the driving circuit.

Furthermore, the injection flow adjusting mechanism comprises a guide sleeve, a plunger block, a transmission column, an air guide tube, a control valve and an air pressure sensor, wherein the guide sleeve is of a hollow tubular structure and is embedded at the top of the smelting furnace and coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace, the transmission column is embedded in the guide sleeve and coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve and is in sliding connection with the guide sleeve, the upper half part of the transmission column is positioned outside the upper end surface of the smelting furnace and is connected with a lifting driving mechanism, the lower half part of the transmission column positioned in the smelting furnace is provided with an air guide cavity coaxially distributed with the transmission column, the depth of the air guide cavity is 60% -95% of the height of the transmission column, the air guide cavity is flush distributed with the upper end surface of the transmission column and is communicated with the air guide tube through the control valve, a plurality of aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the transmission column positioned in the smelting furnace corresponding to the air guide cavity and are communicated with the smelting furnace through the aeration holes, and the aperture of the aeration holes is not more than 5 mm, the aeration holes are distributed around the axis of the transmission column in a spiral structure, the axes of the aeration holes are vertically distributed with the axis of the transmission column, and the distance between the axis of the aeration holes and the axis of the transmission column is 0 percent to 90 percent of the radius of the transmission column.

Furthermore, the driving circuit is a data processing circuit system based on any one of an FPGA chip and a CPID chip, the driving circuit is additionally provided with a driving circuit based on a programmable controller, a power regulating circuit based on an IGBT, an electronic switch circuit based on a thyristor, a high-frequency driving circuit, an intermediate-frequency driving circuit, a multi-path voltage-stabilized power supply and a data communication circuit, the data processing circuit system is electrically connected with the driving circuit based on the programmable controller, the multi-path voltage-stabilized power supply and the data communication circuit, the driving circuit based on the programmable controller is electrically connected with the power regulating circuit based on the IGBT, the electronic switch circuit based on the thyristor, the multi-path voltage-stabilized power supply and the data communication circuit, and the multi-path voltage-stabilized power supply is electrically connected with the high-frequency driving circuit and the intermediate-frequency driving circuit respectively.

An ingot casting method for preparing a pure solidification device for directionally solidifying a metal structure comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling equipment, namely, firstly, installing a bearing frame at a designated working position according to the working operation requirement, enabling the axis of the bearing frame to be vertically distributed with the horizontal plane, then respectively connecting a smelting furnace, a crystallizing and condensing mechanism, an injection pipe, an injection flow adjusting mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit with the bearing frame, finally, communicating the booster pump with an external inert gas source, and connecting the driving circuit with an external power supply circuit system and a monitoring system, thus finishing the equipment assembly;

s2, performing environmental prefabrication, after the step S1 is completed, firstly driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to operate, plugging an injection flow pipe by the injection flow adjusting mechanism, adding a metal block raw material to be smelted into a crucible of the smelting furnace, installing a forming die into the crystallization furnace, then sealing the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, driving a negative pressure pump and a booster pump to operate, discharging air in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be not more than 3%, adjusting the inert gas pressure in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, finally driving the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to operate, enabling the temperature in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be synchronously raised until the metal block to be smelted in the smelting furnace is raised to a molten state, simultaneously pressurizing external inert gas by the booster pump and then conveying the pressurized inert gas to the injection flow adjusting mechanism, and conveying the pressurized high-pressure gas to molten metal liquid through an aeration hole of the injection flow adjusting mechanism, stirring and smelting the molten metal liquid by high-pressure inert gas, and preserving heat for 5-20 minutes;

s3, operating the converter, after the step S2 is completed, driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to ascend, adjusting the distance between a plunger block of the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the upper end face of an injection flow pipe, so that molten metal is injected into a forming die of the crystallizing furnace through the injection flow pipe, synchronously weighing the crucible through a pressure sensor of a smelting furnace simultaneously during the injection operation, indirectly acquiring the total amount of the molten metal injected into the crystallizing furnace through weight change of the crucible, and performing heat preservation operation on the molten metal through a crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism within 1-5 minutes before the molten metal enters the forming die of the crystallizing furnace;

s4, crystallization operation, wherein after the molten metal is kept warm in the forming die, the crystallization condensing mechanism is driven to operate to make the temperature of a condensing medium output by the crystallization condensing mechanism reach the temperature of the molten metal, then the bottom of the forming die is cooled by the crystallization condensing mechanism, and the operation power of the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism is adjusted synchronously in the cooling process, so that on one hand, the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from bottom to top along the axis of the forming die; on the other hand, the temperature of the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from outside to inside along the radial direction of the forming die, and the cooling rate of the molten metal from bottom to top is 15-50 ℃/min; the cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/min after condensation from outside to inside, finally, the crystallized metal is cooled along with the furnace at normal temperature under the protection of inert gas environment after the metal in a forming die is crystallized, and the cooled crystallized metal is demoulded to obtain the finished metal.

Further, in the step S4, during the crystallization operation, during the operation and adjustment of the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism, on one hand, the relative position relationship between the medium frequency induction coil, the high frequency induction coil and the forming mold connected to each hard high temperature resistant base is adjusted by the lifting driving mechanism of the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism; on the other hand, the non-contact temperature sensor is used for synchronously detecting the temperature of each position of the forming die, and the operating power and the operating state of the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil connected with the hard high-temperature resistant base are adjusted according to the detected temperature.

The system has the advantages of high integration and modularization degree and high operation automation degree, and can effectively meet the requirement of continuous and synchronous metal smelting and crystallization by replacing a vacuum smelting process with a non-vacuum smelting technology, simplify the process flow and reduce the production cost and labor intensity; meanwhile, on one hand, the production of metal oxides in the metal melting and condensation crystallization operation is effectively reduced, so that the impurity content in the metal product is effectively reduced; on the other hand, the crystallization speed and the crystallization direction can be accurately regulated and controlled during metal condensation crystallization, and the metallographic structure of the metal cast ingot is effectively improved, so that the metal purity and the comprehensive physical and chemical properties are effectively improved, and the metal conductivity is improved.

Drawings

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the smelting furnace;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a crystallization furnace configuration;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of a guide chute of the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electrical schematic structure of the driving circuit;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of properties of high-purity copper products of directionally solidified high-purity copper materials of the present invention and conventional polycrystalline structures;

FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of the performance of directionally solidified high purity copper material of the present invention and a conventional continuously cast copper-silver (copper-beryllium) alloy product;

fig. 9 is a graph comparing the performance of the audio wire products of directionally solidified high-purity copper material of the present invention with that of ordinary copper;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate the implementation of the technical means, creation features, achievement of the purpose and the efficacy of the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

As shown in figures 1-6, a solidification equipment for preparing pure directional solidification metal structure comprises a bearing frame 1, a smelting furnace 2, a crystallizing furnace 3, a crystallizing condensing mechanism 4, an injection pipe 5, an injection flow adjusting mechanism 6, a negative pressure pump 7, a booster pump 8 and a driving circuit 9, wherein the smelting furnace 2 and the crystallizing furnace 3 are both embedded in the bearing frame 1 and are connected with the inner side surface of the bearing frame 1, the smelting furnace 2 is positioned above the crystallizing furnace 3 and is communicated with the crystallizing furnace 3 through the injection pipe 5, the injection pipe 5 is coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace 2 and the crystallizing furnace 3 and is respectively communicated with the lower end surface of the smelting furnace 2 and the upper end surface of the crystallizing furnace 3, the crystallizing condensing mechanism 4 is connected with the lower end surface of the crystallizing furnace 3 and is coaxially distributed with the crystallizing furnace 3, the injection flow adjusting mechanism 6 is coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace 2 and is embedded in the lower half part of the smelting furnace 2, the upper half part is positioned outside the smelting furnace 2 and is connected with the bearing frame 1 through a lifting driving mechanism 10, and annotate and flow that adjusting mechanism 6 lower extreme face offsets and inlay in the injection pipe 5 up end with smelting furnace 2 lower extreme face, negative pressure pump 7, booster pump 8 are all at least one, and negative pressure pump 7, booster pump 8 communicate with smelting furnace 2, crystallization furnace 3 respectively, wherein negative pressure pump 7, booster pump 8 communicate through control valve 11 respectively with smelting furnace 2, between crystallization furnace 3, booster pump 8 communicates with outside inert gas source in addition, drive circuit 9 inlays in bearing frame 1 lateral surface, and respectively with smelting furnace 2, crystallization furnace 3, crystallization condensation mechanism 4, annotate and flow adjusting mechanism 6, negative pressure pump 7, booster pump 8, lift actuating mechanism 10 and control valve 11 electrical connection.

In this embodiment, the melting furnace 2 includes a heat-insulating bearing cavity 21, a sealing cover 22, a melting crucible 23, a pressure sensor 24, a temperature sensor 25, a gas composition sensor 27, a gas pressure sensor 26, and an induction heating coil 28, wherein the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21 and the melting crucible 23 are both in a "u" shaped cavity structure in axial cross section, the upper end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21 is connected with the sealing cover 22 to form a closed cavity structure, the melting crucible 23 is embedded in the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21 and coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21, at least two pressure sensors 24 are disposed between the lower end surface of the melting crucible 23 and the contact surface of the bottom of the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21, the pressure sensors 24 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the melting crucible 23, the lower end surface of the melting crucible 23 and the lower end surface of the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21 are both provided with injection ports 29 coaxially distributed with the heat-insulating bearing cavity 21, the smelting crucible 23 is communicated with the upper end face of the injection pipe 5 through the injection port 29, the injection pipe 5 is embedded in the injection port 29 of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21 and is connected with the side wall of the injection port 29 of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21, the outer diameter of the smelting crucible 23 is 50% -90% of the inner diameter of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21, the height of the smelting crucible is 60% -95% of the height of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21, the side wall of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21 is provided with an exhaust port 101 and an air supplement port 102, the axes of the exhaust port 101 and the air supplement port 102 are vertically distributed with the axis of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21, the axis of the exhaust port 101 is located at least 5 mm higher than the upper end face of the smelting crucible 23, the axis of the air supplement port 102 is at least 5 mm higher than the bottom of the heat-insulation bearing cavity 21, the exhaust port 101 is communicated with the negative pressure pump 7, the air supplement port 102 is communicated with the booster pump 8, at least one of the temperature sensor 25, the air pressure sensor 26 and the gas component sensor 27, the lower end surface of the sealing cover 22 is connected with the lower end surface of the surrounding heat-preservation bearing cavity 21, the sealing cover 22 is provided with an adjusting port 201 which is coaxially distributed with the heat-preservation bearing cavity 21 and at least one transparent observation window 202 which is uniformly distributed around the axis of the heat-preservation bearing cavity 21, the injection flow adjusting mechanism 6 is embedded in the adjusting port 201, is in sliding connection with the side wall of the adjusting port 201 and is coaxially distributed with the adjusting port 201, when the distance between the lower end surface of the injection flow adjusting mechanism 6 and the bottom of the smelting crucible 23 is 0, the lower end surface of the injection flow adjusting mechanism 6 is embedded in the upper end surface of the injection flow pipe 5 and is sealed against the upper end surface of the injection flow pipe 5, at least one induction heating coil 28 is a closed annular structure which is coaxially distributed with the smelting crucible 23 and is coated outside the smelting crucible 23, the height of the induction heating coil 28 is not less than 50% of the smelting crucible 23, and the pressure sensor 24 and the temperature sensor 25 are arranged on the melting crucible 23, The gas pressure sensor 26, the gas component sensor 27, and the induction heating coil 28 are electrically connected to a drive circuit.

In this embodiment, the crystallization furnace 3 includes a bearing cavity 31, a heat exchange plate 32, a top plate 33, a forming die 34, a crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism 35, a temperature sensor 25, a pressure sensor 26, and a gas component sensor 27, wherein the bearing cavity 31 and the forming die 34 are both in a "u" shaped cavity structure in axial cross section, the upper end surface of the bearing cavity 31 is connected with the top plate 33 to form a closed cavity structure, the side wall of the bearing cavity 31 is provided with at least one exhaust port 101 and at least one air supplement port 102, the axes of the exhaust port 101 and the air supplement port 102 are distributed perpendicular to the axis of the bearing cavity 31, the axis of the exhaust port 101 is located at least 5 mm above the upper end surface of the forming die 34, the axis of the air supplement port 102 is at least 5 mm higher than the upper end surface of the heat exchange plate 32, the exhaust port 101 is communicated with the negative pressure pump 7, the air supplement port 102 is communicated with the booster pump 8, the top plate 33 is provided with a through hole 36 coaxially distributed with the top plate 33, the lower end surface of the injection pipe 5 is embedded in the bearing cavity 31 through the through hole 36, is positioned right above the forming die 34 and is communicated with the forming die 34, the forming die 34 is embedded in the bearing cavity 31, is coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity 31 and is connected with the bottom of the bearing cavity 31 through the heat exchange plate 32, the heat exchange plate 32 is coaxially distributed with the forming die 34, the area of the upper end surface of the heat exchange plate is 0.5-1.5 times of the area of the lower end surface of the forming die 34, the outer diameter of the forming die 34 is 50% -90% of the inner diameter of the bearing cavity 31, the height of the forming die is 60% -95% of the height of the bearing cavity 31, the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism 35 is coated outside the forming die 34 and is coaxially distributed with the forming die 34, the distance between the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism 35 and the outer surface of the forming die 34 is 0-20 mm, the height of the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism 35 is 0.9-1.1 time of the forming die 34, at least one of the temperature sensor 25, the air pressure sensor 26 and the gas component sensor 27, inlay and inlay in roof 33 lower extreme terminal surface and encircle roof 33 axis equipartition, crystallization temperature regulating mechanism 35, temperature sensor 25, baroceptor 26, gas composition sensor 27 all are connected with drive circuit 9 electricity.

It is important to explain that the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism 35 includes a medium frequency induction coil 351, a high frequency induction coil 352, hard high temperature resistant bases 353, hard high temperature resistant partition plates 354, a non-contact temperature sensor 355, a guide chute 356, a conductive line row 357, contact electrodes 358 and a lifting driving mechanism 10, wherein at least two of the guide chutes 356 surround the axis of the mold 34 and are uniformly distributed and vertically connected with the bottom of the bearing cavity 31, at least two of the hard high temperature resistant bases 353 are distributed along the axis of the mold 34 from top to bottom, the hard high temperature resistant bases 353 and the hard high temperature resistant partition plates 354 are closed annular structures coaxially distributed with the mold 34, the outer surface of the hard high temperature resistant base is slidably connected with the guide chute 356 through a sliding block 359, the rear half part of the sliding block 359 is embedded in the guide chute 356, and the rear end face of the sliding block 353 is slidably connected with the bottom of the guide chute 356 through the lifting driving mechanism 10, the inner surface of the hard high temperature resistant base 353 is connected with three hard high temperature resistant spacers 354, the three hard high temperature resistant spacers 354 are uniformly distributed along the axis of the hard high temperature resistant base 353 from top to bottom, two positioning slots 350 with a U-shaped cross section are formed between the hard high temperature resistant base 353 and the hard high temperature resistant spacers 354, one of the positioning slots 350 is internally provided with a medium frequency induction coil 351, the other positioning slot 350 is internally provided with a high frequency induction coil 352, the medium frequency induction coil 351 and the high frequency induction coil 352 are mutually connected in parallel, the medium frequency induction coil 351 and the high frequency induction coil 352 are respectively and electrically connected with a contact electrode 358, the contact electrode 358 is connected with the rear end surface of a sliding block 359, abuts against a conductive line row 357, is connected with the conductive line row 357 in a sliding manner and is electrically connected with a driving circuit 10 through the conductive line row 357, and the total two conductive line rows 357, the non-contact temperature sensors 355 are embedded on the inner surface of the side wall of the guide chute 356, one conductive line row 357 is electrically connected with the intermediate frequency induction coil 351, the other conductive line row 357 is electrically connected with the high frequency induction coil 352, the two conductive line rows 357 electrically connected with the intermediate frequency induction coil 351 and the high frequency induction coil 352 are connected in parallel, the number of the non-contact temperature sensors 355 is the same as that of the hard high temperature resistant bases 353, each hard high temperature resistant base 353 is connected with 1-6 non-contact temperature sensors 355 through the inner side surface of the hard high temperature resistant partition plate 354, the non-contact temperature sensors 355 are connected in parallel and surround the mold 34, the axes of the non-contact temperature sensors 355 are uniformly distributed, the axes of the non-contact temperature sensors 355 are perpendicular to and intersect with the axis of the mold 34, and the non-contact temperature sensors 355, the conductive line rows 357 and the lifting driving mechanism 10 are electrically connected.

Preferably, the lifting driving mechanism 10 is any one of an electric gear and rack mechanism, an electric telescopic rod and an electric transmission chain.

Meanwhile, the crystallization condensing mechanism 4 comprises a heat exchanger 41, a refrigerating mechanism 42, a circulating pump 43, a condensing medium tank 44, a supply pipe 45, a return pipe 46 and a temperature sensor 25, the heat exchanger 41 is positioned in the crystallization furnace 3 and is connected with the lower end surface of the heat exchange plate 32 at the bottom of the crystallization furnace 3 and is coaxially distributed, the input end of the heat exchanger 41 is communicated with the supply pipe 45 and is communicated with the circulating pump 43 through the supply pipe 45, the output end of the heat exchanger 41 is communicated with the return pipe 46 and is communicated with the condensing medium tank 44 through the return pipe 46, the refrigerating mechanism 42, the circulating pump 43 and the condensing medium tank 44 are all connected with the inner side surface of the bearing rack 1, the refrigerating mechanism 42 is respectively communicated with the supply pipe 45 and the condensing medium tank 44 through the circulating pump 43, the temperature sensors 47 are respectively connected with the supply pipe 45 and the return pipe 46, and the refrigerating mechanism 42, the temperature sensor 25, The circulation pump 43 and the temperature sensor 47 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 9.

It is important to explain that the injection flow adjusting mechanism 6 comprises a guide sleeve 61, a plunger block 62, a transmission column 63, an air duct 64, a control valve 11 and an air pressure sensor 26, wherein the guide sleeve 61 is a hollow tubular structure, is embedded in the top of the smelting furnace 2 and is coaxially distributed with the smelting furnace 2, the transmission column 63 is embedded in the guide sleeve 61, is coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve 61 and is slidably connected with the guide sleeve 61, the upper half part of the transmission column 63 is positioned outside the upper end surface of the smelting furnace 2 and is connected with the lifting driving mechanism 10, the lower half part of the transmission column 63 positioned in the smelting furnace 2 is provided with an air guide cavity 65 coaxially distributed with the transmission column 63, the depth of the air guide cavity 65 is 60% -95% of the height of the transmission column 63, the air guide cavity 65 is flush distributed with the upper end surface of the transmission column 63 and is communicated with the air duct 64 through the control valve 11, a plurality of aeration holes 66 are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the transmission column 63 positioned in the smelting furnace 2 corresponding to the air guide cavity 65, and is communicated with the smelting furnace 2 through the aeration holes 66, the aperture of the aeration holes 66 is not more than 5 mm, the aeration holes 66 are distributed in a spiral structure around the axis of the transmission column 63, the axes of the aeration holes 66 are vertically distributed with the axis of the transmission column 63, and the distance between the axis of the aeration holes and the axis of the transmission column 63 is 0 to 90 percent of the radius of the transmission column 63.

Further, the driving circuit 9 is a data processing circuit system based on any one of an FPGA chip and a CPID chip, and the driving circuit is additionally provided with a driving circuit based on a programmable controller, a power regulating circuit based on an IGBT, an electronic switch circuit based on a thyristor, a high-frequency driving circuit, an intermediate-frequency driving circuit, a multi-path regulated power supply and a data communication circuit, the data processing circuit system is electrically connected with the driving circuit based on the programmable controller, the multi-path regulated power supply and the data communication circuit, the driving circuit based on the programmable controller is electrically connected with the power regulating circuit based on the IGBT, the electronic switch circuit based on the thyristor, the multi-path regulated power supply and the data communication circuit, and the multi-path regulated power supply is electrically connected with the high-frequency driving circuit and the intermediate-frequency driving circuit respectively.

As shown in fig. 7 to 10, an ingot casting method of a solidification device for preparing a pure directionally solidified metal structure, comprising the steps of:

s1, assembling equipment, namely, firstly, installing a bearing frame at a designated working position according to the working operation requirement, enabling the axis of the bearing frame to be vertically distributed with the horizontal plane, then respectively connecting a smelting furnace, a crystallizing and condensing mechanism, an injection pipe, an injection flow adjusting mechanism, a negative pressure pump, a booster pump and a driving circuit with the bearing frame, finally, communicating the booster pump with an external inert gas source, and connecting the driving circuit with an external power supply circuit system and a monitoring system, thus finishing the equipment assembly;

s2, performing environmental prefabrication, after the step S1 is completed, firstly driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to operate, plugging an injection flow pipe by the injection flow adjusting mechanism, adding a metal block raw material to be smelted into a crucible of the smelting furnace, installing a forming die into the crystallization furnace, then sealing the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, driving a negative pressure pump and a booster pump to operate, discharging air in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be not more than 3%, adjusting the inert gas pressure in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace, finally driving the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to operate, enabling the temperature in the smelting furnace and the crystallization furnace to be synchronously raised until the metal block to be smelted in the smelting furnace is raised to a molten state, simultaneously pressurizing external inert gas by the booster pump and then conveying the pressurized inert gas to the injection flow adjusting mechanism, and conveying the pressurized high-pressure gas to molten metal liquid through an aeration hole of the injection flow adjusting mechanism, stirring and smelting the molten metal liquid by high-pressure inert gas, and preserving heat for 5-20 minutes;

s3, operating the converter, after the step S2 is completed, driving the injection flow adjusting mechanism to ascend, adjusting the distance between a plunger block of the injection flow adjusting mechanism and the upper end face of an injection flow pipe, so that molten metal is injected into a forming die of the crystallizing furnace through the injection flow pipe, synchronously weighing the crucible through a pressure sensor of a smelting furnace simultaneously during the injection operation, indirectly acquiring the total amount of the molten metal injected into the crystallizing furnace through weight change of the crucible, and performing heat preservation operation on the molten metal through a crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism within 1-5 minutes before the molten metal enters the forming die of the crystallizing furnace;

s4, crystallization operation, wherein after the molten metal is kept warm in the forming die, the crystallization condensing mechanism is driven to operate to make the temperature of a condensing medium output by the crystallization condensing mechanism reach the temperature of the molten metal, then the bottom of the forming die is cooled by the crystallization condensing mechanism, and the operation power of the crystallization temperature adjusting mechanism is adjusted synchronously in the cooling process, so that on one hand, the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from bottom to top along the axis of the forming die; on the other hand, the temperature of the molten metal in the forming die is uniformly condensed and cooled from outside to inside along the radial direction of the forming die, and the cooling rate of the molten metal from bottom to top is 15-50 ℃/min; the cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/min after condensation from outside to inside, finally, the crystallized metal is cooled along with the furnace at normal temperature under the protection of inert gas environment after the metal in a forming die is crystallized, and the cooled crystallized metal is demoulded to obtain the finished metal.

In this embodiment, in the step S4, during the crystallization operation, the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism adjusts, during the operation and adjustment process, the relative position relationship between the medium frequency induction coil, the high frequency induction coil and the forming mold connected to each hard high temperature resistant base by the lifting driving mechanism of the crystallization temperature adjustment mechanism; on the other hand, the non-contact temperature sensor is used for synchronously detecting the temperature of each position of the forming die, and the operating power and the operating state of the medium-frequency induction coil and the high-frequency induction coil connected with the hard high-temperature resistant base are adjusted according to the detected temperature.

Compared with the common cast polycrystalline copper material, the copper material obtained by the ingot casting method has the advantages that transverse grain boundaries in the cast rod are greatly reduced or eliminated, gas and impurities precipitated in the solidification process cannot be involved, the elongation of the cast rod is obviously improved, the surface has no casting defects, the subsequent rolling cold processing is facilitated, intermediate annealing in the cold processing process can be effectively reduced, energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized, the product quality is improved, and the production efficiency is improved.

The system has the advantages of high integration and modularization degree and high operation automation degree, and can effectively meet the requirement of continuous and synchronous metal smelting and crystallization by replacing a vacuum smelting process with a non-vacuum smelting technology, simplify the process flow and reduce the production cost and labor intensity; meanwhile, on one hand, the production of metal oxides in the metal melting and condensation crystallization operation is effectively reduced, so that the impurity content in the metal product is effectively reduced; on the other hand, the crystallization speed and the crystallization direction can be accurately regulated and controlled during metal condensation crystallization, and the metallographic structure of the metal cast ingot is effectively improved, so that the metal purity and the comprehensive physical and chemical properties are effectively improved, and the metal conductivity is improved.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.