Range extension for communication systems
阅读说明：本技术 用于通信系统的范围扩展 (Range extension for communication systems ) 是由 周彦 骆涛 于 2019-03-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了用于高度定向波束的范围扩展方法和装置。在一个方面中,适合于支持去往诸如UE的无线设备的毫米波传输的第一网络节点,可以通过选择发送原始信号的重复版本的适当重复配置,来扩展去往UE的至少一个发送波束的范围。第一网络节点向第二网络节点发送关于重复配置的信息,所述第二网络节点可以使用低于6GHz的传输来向UE发送重复配置信息的一部分。UE可以通过使用从第二网络节点接收的重复配置信息的一部分,来配置接收波束以从第一网络节点接收毫米波通信。(A range extension method and apparatus for highly directional beams is disclosed. In one aspect, a first network node adapted to support millimeter wave transmissions to a wireless device, such as a UE, may extend the range of at least one transmit beam to the UE by selecting an appropriate repetition configuration to transmit repeated versions of the original signal. The first network node sends information about the duplicate configuration to a second network node, which may send a portion of the duplicate configuration information to the UE using transmissions below 6 GHz. The UE may configure the receive beam to receive millimeter wave communications from the first network node using a portion of the repeated configuration information received from the second network node.)
1. A method in a communication system for range extending a highly directional beam from a first node to a second node, comprising:
determining at least one transmit beam through the first node, transmitting a set of repeated versions of an original signal from the first node to the second node;
selecting repetition configuration information for the at least one transmit beam used by the first node for transmissions to the second node;
configuring the at least one transmission beam according to the repetition configuration information; and
communicating at least a portion of the duplicate configuration information to a third node, the portion adapted to be transmitted by the third node to the second node.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the duplicate configuration information is determined by the first node.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the duplicate configuration information is determined by the second node or the third node.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the duplicate configuration information comprises at least one of:
an indicator of the number of repeated versions in a time slot;
an indicator of a symbol position carrying a repeated version from the set of repeated versions;
a payload indicator;
an indicator of a frequency location carrying a duplicate version from the set of duplicate versions; or
At least one quasi co-located (QCL) information indicator.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said at least one QCL information indicator is applied to all duplicate versions from said set of duplicate versions.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said at least one QCL information indicator comprises a plurality of QCL information indicators, each applied to a different subset of repetition versions from said set of repetition versions.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the repeating configuration comprises at least one of the bitmaps indicating: all repetition configurations of the set of repetition versions may be transmitted on at least one transmission beam by the first node.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the repeating configuration comprises a mode indicator conveying a relationship between the original signal and the repeating versions of the set of repeating versions.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transmit beam comprises a plurality of transmit beams having different transmit angles, and each transmit beam transmits a subset of repeated versions.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transmit beam is one transmit beam having a same transmit angle for transmitting each of the set of repeated versions.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the original signal comprises a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the repetition configuration information further comprises an adjustment configuring the at least one transmit beam to have a width that is narrow compared to a width of the at least one transmit beam conveying the original signal.
13. An apparatus for performing range extension for highly directional beams in a communication system, comprising:
a processor;
a memory in communication with the processor; and
instructions stored in the memory that are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determining at least one transmit beam through the first node, transmitting a set of repeated versions of an original signal from the first node to a second node;
Selecting repetition configuration information for the at least one transmit beam used by the first node for transmissions to the second node;
configuring the at least one transmission beam according to the repetition configuration information; and
communicating at least a portion of the duplicate configuration information to a third node, the portion adapted to be transmitted by the third node to the second node.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the portion of the duplicate configuration information comprises at least one of:
an indicator of the number of repeated versions in a time slot;
an indicator of a symbol position carrying a repeated version from the set of repeated versions;
a payload indicator;
an indicator of a frequency location carrying a duplicate version from the set of duplicate versions; or
At least one quasi co-located (QCL) information indicator.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said at least one QCL information indicator is applied to all duplicate versions from said set of duplicate versions.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said at least one QCL information indicator comprises a plurality of QCL information indicators, each applied to a different subset of repetition versions from said set of repetition versions.
17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the portion of the repeating configuration comprises a mode indicator conveying a relationship between the original signal and the repeating versions of the set of repeating versions.
18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one transmit beam comprises a plurality of transmit beams having different transmit angles, and each transmit beam transmits a subset of repeated versions.
19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one transmit beam is one transmit beam having a same transmit angle for transmitting each of the set of repeated versions.
20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the repetition configuration information further comprises an adjustment configuring the at least one transmit beam to have a width that is narrow compared to a width of the at least one transmit beam conveying the original signal.
21. A method for using information from a first wireless device to facilitate receiving millimeter wave communications from a second wireless device, comprising:
establishing a communication session with the first wireless device and the second wireless device;
Performing a beam management procedure with the second wireless device;
receiving at least one duplicate configuration information message from the first wireless device;
configuring one or more antenna arrays using the contents of the at least one duplicate configuration information message; and
receiving a transmission from the second wireless device using the configured one or more antenna arrays.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: transmitting an acknowledgement for successful reception of the at least one duplicate configuration information message.
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
checking the transmission received from the second wireless device for duplicate versions;
if a duplicate version is found, the duplicate versions are combined to reconstruct the original signal.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein using the content of the at least one duplicate configuration information message comprises:
an angle of arrival for a receive beam produced by one or more antenna arrays is adjusted.
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
using the content of the at least one repetition configuration information to identify downlink resources carrying repeated versions of an original signal.
26. A method performed at a first wireless device for facilitating range extension for a highly directional beam originating from a second wireless device, comprising:
establishing a first communication session with a third wireless device and a second communication session with the second wireless device;
receiving a network message with duplicate configuration information from the second wireless device;
generating a message destined for the third wireless device using the duplicate configuration information of the network message; and
transmitting the duplicate configuration information message to the third wireless device.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein generating the message for the third wireless device comprises:
evaluating the duplicate configuration information of the network message; and
selecting a message type for the message based on evaluating the repetition configuration information.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein generating the message for the third wireless device comprises:
evaluating the duplicate configuration information of the network message; and
determining a timing for transmitting the duplicate configuration information message to the third wireless device.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein generating the message for the third wireless device comprises:
Evaluating the duplicate configuration information of the network message;
selecting a parameter indicative of the evaluated duplicate configuration information; and
generating the message for the third wireless device using the selected parameters.
30. The method of claim 26, wherein the first communication session with the third wireless device is conducted at a frequency below 6GHz, and the repetition configuration information received from the second wireless device is for operation at a millimeter wave frequency.
Technical Field
The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to range extension techniques for communication in a communication system (e.g., a millimeter wave communication system).
Background
Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-advanced (LTE-a) systems, or LTE-a Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ techniques such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or discrete fourier transform spread-OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communication system may include several base stations or network access nodes, each supporting communication for multiple communication devices (which may otherwise be referred to as User Equipment (UE)) simultaneously.
In some wireless communication systems, wireless devices (e.g., base stations, UEs, etc.) may communicate using directional signal transmission and reception (e.g., beams), where beamforming techniques may be applied using one or more antenna elements to form beams in particular directions. For beamformed transmissions, the amplitude and phase of each antenna in the antenna array may be precoded or controlled to produce desired (e.g., directional) patterns of constructive and destructive interference at the wavefront. In such a system, the base station may schedule downlink or uplink transmissions for the UE on the set of resources, and then the base station may send and receive transmissions in the direction of the scheduled transmissions for the UE, e.g., by forming a transmit beam in that direction.
The use of beamforming techniques is particularly useful in communication systems operating at higher millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, as millimeter wave communications are more susceptible to adverse atmospheric conditions and physical propagation obstacles. However, beamforming by itself may not be sufficient to fully compensate for losses due to physical obstructions such as walls and other common objects. In the past, the range expansion of the beam has focused on an optimized antenna array geometry that adjusts the beam amplitude. However, such solutions are not designed in consideration of the computational and power limitations of modern telecommunication equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technology described herein relates to methods, systems, devices, and apparatus for extending the effective communication range of millimeter wave communication systems.
A method in a communication system for range extending a highly directional beam from a first node to a second node is described. The method may include: determining at least one transmit beam through a first node, transmitting a set of repeated versions of an original signal from the first node to a second node; selecting repetition configuration information for the at least one transmit beam used by the first node for transmission to the second node; configuring the at least one transmission beam according to the repetition configuration information; and communicating at least a portion of the duplicate configuration information to the third node, the portion adapted to be transmitted by the third node to the second node.
An apparatus for performing range extension for highly directional beams in a communication system is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory in communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determining at least one transmit beam through a first node, transmitting a set of repeated versions of an original signal from the first node to a second node; selecting repetition configuration information for the at least one transmit beam used by the first node for transmission to the second node; configuring the at least one transmission beam according to the repetition configuration information; and communicating at least a portion of the duplicate configuration information to the third node, the portion adapted to be transmitted by the third node to the second node.
A method for using information from a first wireless device to facilitate receiving millimeter wave communications from a second wireless device is described. The method may include: establishing a communication session with a first wireless device and a second wireless device; performing a beam management procedure with a second wireless device; receiving at least one duplicate configuration information message from a first wireless device; configuring one or more antenna arrays using the contents of the at least one duplicate configuration information message; and receiving a transmission from the second wireless device using the configured one or more antenna arrays.
A method performed at a first wireless device for facilitating range extension of a highly directional beam from a second wireless device is described. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a first communication session with a third wireless device and a second communication session with a second wireless device; receiving a network message with duplicate configuration information from a second wireless device; generating a message destined for a third wireless device using the duplicate configuration information of the network message; and transmitting the duplicate configuration information message to a third wireless device.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.
Drawings
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective aspects.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a design of a base station and a User Equipment (UE) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system that supports beamforming with multiple beams in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Fig. 4 illustrates a wireless communication system including a first node, a second node, and a third node, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 illustrates a possible repetition pattern that may be used by a serving cell to transmit five (5) repeated versions of an original Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) to a UE in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Figure 6 illustrates an example of a frequency offset for a repeated version of a serving cell PBCH, which may be part of the repeated configuration information sent from the network node to the UE, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Fig. 7A and 7B illustrate a series of paired transmit and receive beams at different repetition instances, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a flow diagram for updating duplicate configuration information at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a flow diagram for receiving duplicate configuration information at a network node and transmitting the duplicate configuration information to a UE in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
Fig. 10 is a flow diagram for managing duplicate transmissions at a serving cell in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one aspect may be beneficially utilized on other aspects without specific recitation.
Detailed Description
Some wireless communication systems may operate in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency ranges such as 26 gigahertz (GHz), 30GHz, 40GHz, 60 GHz. It should be noted that although certain aspects are described with reference to millimeter wave frequency ranges, they may be applicable to wireless communication systems using other frequency ranges. Wireless communication at these frequencies may be associated with increased signal attenuation (e.g., path loss), which may be affected by various factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, diffraction, and so forth. As a result, transmissions may be beamformed to overcome the path loss experienced at these frequencies. Wireless devices within such systems may thus communicate via these directional beams (e.g., beamformed using one or more antenna arrays at the wireless device for transmission and reception). For example, a base station and a UE may communicate via beam-to-link (BPLs), each BPL including a transmit beam for one wireless node (e.g., base station) and a receive beam for a second wireless node (e.g., UE). For the purposes of this disclosure, a "wireless node" or "network node" may refer generally to a UE, a base station, or a cell of a base station, depending on context and interaction. More specific descriptions such as "UE" and "serving cell" may be used along with the general description to clarify the interaction between the separate entities.
For millimeter wave systems that are susceptible to high path loss and penetration loss, gain due to directional beamforming has been critical to support the link between wireless devices. However, beamforming by itself may not be sufficient to fully compensate for losses due to physical obstructions such as walls and other objects. In the past, the range expansion of the beam has focused on an optimized antenna array geometry that adjusts the beam amplitude.
Range extension for uplink and downlink communications is possible through signal repetition techniques. The content of the signal may be repeatedly transmitted such that if portions of a signal are not completely received, the portions of the repeated version of the signal may be used to supplement the original signal and thereby reconstruct the transmitted signal content. However, the use of beamforming in the millimeter wave system introduces a technical hurdle for the iterative process, i.e. the presence of multiple beams corresponds to the presence of multiple decoding candidates. For UEs that are physically limited to a limited number of antennas/antenna arrays and that are power limited, the repeated use of blind decoding of the original signal received on one beam and the original signal received on the same or other beams would be time inefficient and power consuming due to the computational complexity of the various training and weighting algorithms involved in beamforming.
5G introduces further complexity by envisaging wireless devices (both base stations and UEs) that support the multiplicity of large antennas and antenna arrays. For example, 5G currently releases support for operation of up to 64 antenna arrays on one wireless device (e.g., a base station) that may be used to communicate with another wireless device (e.g., a UE) that may be mobile. To support such communications, a base station may configure multiple sets of resources specific to one or more base station receive beams. The set of beam-specific resources may be configured to be associated with reference signals (e.g., quasi co-located (QCL)) such as channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB), and the like.
QCL association between a set of resources and a reference signal may correspond to: the same or similar base station transmit beam used for transmitting reference signals, and the corresponding base station receive beam used for receiving uplink transmissions. Thus, QCL association may also refer to QCL relationships between antenna ports. Two antenna ports (or two groups of antenna ports) may be said to be QCL, spatial QCL, or have a QCL relationship if the properties of the channel on which the symbols on one antenna port are transmitted can be inferred from the channel on which the symbols on the other antenna port are transmitted. For example, a first antenna port (or group of antenna ports) may be considered QCL if a measured value for a parameter (e.g., delay spread, doppler shift, average delay, spatial parameter, etc.) of a channel for the antenna port is within a threshold value of a measured value for a channel parameter for a second antenna port (or group of antenna ports). That is, if the first signal is transmitted using the first antenna port of the second antenna port QCL used to transmit the second signal, the first and second signals may be transmitted via the same transmit and receive beams (e.g., the same beam pair link).
The present disclosure provides methods, systems, and apparatus to support range extension in a communication system utilizing highly directional beams. Range extension is achieved by using a novel iterative process. An iterative process is described that considers that a receiver will be aided in determining at least the following information: number of repetitions, per repetition time/frequency location, or across repeated QCL information.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a
The
Each
The
The term "cell" refers to a logical communication entity used for communication with the base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID)) used to distinguish neighboring cells operating via the same or different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which a logical entity operates.
The
Some
Some
In some cases, the
The
The
At least some of the network devices, such as
The
The
The
A
The
In some cases, the
In some examples, a
In some cases, the
In some cases, the
Within this disclosure, a frame may refer to a 10ms duration for wireless transmission, where each frame is composed of 10 1ms subframes each. Each 1ms subframe may be composed of one or more adjacent slots. In some examples, a slot may be defined in terms of a specified number of OFDM symbols having a given Cyclic Prefix (CP) length. For example, a slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. In some cases, a subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit of the
In some wireless communication systems, a slot may be further divided into a plurality of minislots comprising one or more symbols. In some examples, the symbol of the micro-slot or the micro-slot may be the smallest unit of scheduling. For example, each symbol may vary in duration depending on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation. Further, some wireless communication systems may implement slot aggregation in which multiple time slots or micro-slots are aggregated together and used for communication between the
The term "carrier" refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication over the
The organization of the carriers may be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). For example, communications over carriers may be organized according to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as well as control information or signaling to support decoding of the user data. The carrier may also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc.) as well as control signaling that coordinates operation with respect to the carrier. In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling for coordinating operations for other carriers.
The physical channels may be multiplexed onto the carriers according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) techniques, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, the control information sent in the physical control channels may be distributed among different control domains (e.g., between a common control domain or common search space and one or more UE-specific control domains or UE-specific search spaces) in a cascaded manner.
Downlink Control Information (DCI), including HARQ information, is transmitted in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) that carries DCI in at least one control channel element, CCE, which may consist of nine logically contiguous Resource Element Groups (REGs), where each REG contains 4 resource elements. The DCI includes information on downlink scheduling assignment, uplink resource grant, transmission scheme, uplink power control, HARQ information, Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), and other information. The size and format of a DCI message may vary depending on the type and amount of information carried by the DCI. For example, if spatial multiplexing is supported, the size of the DCI message is large compared to the contiguous frequency allocation. Similarly, for systems employing MIMO, the DCI includes additional signaling information. The DCI size and format depends on the amount of information and factors such as bandwidth, number of antenna ports, and duplex mode.
The carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a carrier or "system bandwidth" of the
In a system employing MCM technology, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme). Thus, the more resource elements a
Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g.,
The
Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g.,
In one example, the
When a receiving device (e.g.,
In some cases, the antennas of a
Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a design of a base station 105 (e.g., serving cell and/or network node) and a
At
At the UE115, the
On the uplink, at UE115, a transmit
Controllers/
In some aspects of the disclosure, the controller/
In some aspects of the disclosure, the controller/
Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a
The
One or both of the
Fig. 4 illustrates a wireless communication system 400 including a first node, a second node, and a third node, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the exemplary embodiment, the first node is a serving cell 401, the second node is a UE 402, and the third node is a network node 403. The serving cell 401 operates at a higher millimeter wave frequency than the network node 403, which network node 403 operates at a frequency below 6 GHZ. Serving cell 401 and network node 403 may be the same node with the same identifier, or may be co-located cells, i.e., serving cell 401 is a physical part of network node 403 but has a different cell identifier, or may be geographically separate cells. Serving cell 401 and network node 403 may be a small cell gNB and a macro cell gNB, respectively, or alternatively, both may be small cells gNB. In one embodiment, serving cell 401 and network node 403 may communicate directly with each other over a wireless interface or a wired interface. In an alternative embodiment, the serving cell 401 and the network node 403 communicate with each other indirectly through another network node (not shown) or other core network component.
UE402 may simultaneously receive and decode transmissions from both serving cell 401 and network node 403. UE402 is configured with at least one antenna array for receiving millimeter wave communications and at least one omnidirectional antenna array for receiving communications below 6 GHz. Serving cell 401 broadcasts synchronization information in Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) bursts in multiple beams in multiple directions. As part of the SSB transmission, serving cell 401 transmits repeated versions 410a-410j of the PBCH to UE402 through at least one transmit beam. More transmit beams are possible depending on implementation choice. For descriptive purposes, PBCH will be used as an example in this disclosure, but the repetition configurations and procedures described in connection with PBCH are also applicable to other control and data channels (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH), etc.), and the embodiments described herein should not be limited to PBCH.
Before or while UE402 is receiving repeated versions 410a-410j of the PBCH from serving cell 401, network node 403 sends repeated configuration information 420 to UE 402. The duplicate configuration information 420 is sent to the UE402 at a frequency below 6 GHz. Since the duplicate configuration information 420 is sent at a lower frequency, the network node 403 may send the duplicate configuration information 420 in an omni-directional transmission. Since network node 403 is communicating with serving cell 401, any adjustments made by serving cell 401 to the reconfiguration may be communicated to network node 403, and network node 403 may then update reconfiguration information 420 for UE 402.
Thus, serving cell 401 repeatedly sends the content of the original SSB signal to UE 402 so that if UE 402 does not completely receive the original signal, UE 402 can supplement the original signal with portions of the repeated content. Further, the UE 402 is also provided with at least one of: (i) the number of repetitions (e.g., the number of instances that a portion of the original signal will be repeatedly transmitted), (ii) per repetition time/frequency location, or (iii) across repeated QCL information before or during reception of repeated versions 410a-410j of PBCH from the serving cell 401. Thus, the UE 402 is no longer required to use blind decoding to receive and decode repetitions of the original signal received on one beam and the original signal received on the same or another beam. This reduces processing time and power consumption that would otherwise be required to accommodate the computational complexity of the various training and weighting algorithms involved in blind decoding.
In 5G, it is contemplated that beam management of millimeter wave signals occurs constantly during communication between the millimeter wave UE and the network. A portion of the beam management information may be communicated from serving cell 401 to network node 403 to support a decision by network node 403 to update duplicate configuration information 420. Whenever the first threshold has been reached, the network node 403 may determine to update and transmit the duplicate configuration information 420, which will be part of a dynamic update procedure based on changing conditions at the serving cell 401. Or alternatively, the network node 403 may be configured to transmit the duplicate configuration information 420 periodically, or at certain predetermined time instances, which may be aperiodic.
Alternatively, the serving cell 401 may be configured to communicate the repetition configuration information decided by the serving cell 401 to be suitable for transmission by the network node 403 to the UE402 at a predetermined point in time. The duplicate configuration information 420 sent to the UE402 may be updated dynamically, periodically, or at some predetermined time, as described herein. Serving cell 401 and/or network node 403 may be configured to consider UE mobility and system resources (including UE resources such as time and frequency resources) to select an appropriate update procedure.
In the embodiment of fig. 4, when serving cell 401 determines to extend the range of the transmission beam for UE 401, serving cell 401 may generate the repetition configuration information, or serving cell 401 may have predetermined repetition configuration information that serving cell 401 retrieves from memory. The predetermined duplicate configuration information may be generated by another node in the wireless communication system, such as a core network component (not shown) or a network node 403, or generated by the UE402 and transmitted by the UE402 when establishing communication with the serving cell 401 or during an exchange of beam management messages with the serving cell 401.
Figure 5 shows a possible repetition pattern that may be used by a serving cell to send five (5) repeated versions of the original PBCH to a UE. The serving cell may inform the network node of a repetition pattern identifier associated with the repetition pattern at a predetermined point in time, and the network node may transmit the repetition pattern identifier to the UE. While an alternate version of five PBCH repetitions is shown in fig. 5, it is contemplated that other multiples may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Mode 1, mode 2,
In mode 2, the original SSB containing the original PBCH is conveyed by
In
In
In the repetitive patterns of fig. 5, the general rule for these patterns is to place repetitions over the two (2) symbols immediately preceding the SSB and the two (2) symbols immediately following the SSB. Other repetition patterns and rules are possible depending on the number of repetitions of the selection supported by the serving cell.
The number of repetitions and the symbol position carrying the repetition may be communicated directly to the UE via a repetition pattern identifier as part of the repetition configuration information from the network node. However, alternative embodiments may be directed to a repetition pattern identifier that identifies a repetition position offset to the SSB symbol being broadcast by the serving cell. In another alternative embodiment, the repetition pattern identifier may convey an indexed mapping (e.g., bitmap) for indicating all symbol positions for all repetition patterns that the serving cell may support. In another alternative embodiment, the repetition mode identifier may provide a set of possible symbol positions per repetition number such that the UE will perform a constrained number of blind decodes on the set of possible symbol positions, rather than blind decoding all possible symbol positions.
Figure 6 shows an example of a frequency offset for a repeated version of the serving cell PBCH, which may be part of the repeated configuration information sent from the network node to the UE. The repetition configuration information may also carry the frequency location of each repetition for each repetition identified by the repetition configuration information. The per-repetition frequency location may be varied in order to introduce more frequency diversity to the signal from the network node. In fig. 6, the original SSB burst 610 carrying the PSS, PBCH, SSS, and PBCH over four (4) symbols is transmitted in one frequency location. The subsequent PBCH repetition 620 is sent on two (2) symbols in the higher frequency range. The frequency location of the PBCH repetition 620 may be represented by an offset and bandwidth from the original signal, e.g., the PBCH repetition may be 2 tones above the original SSB with 288 tone bandwidth.
In an alternative embodiment, instead of providing the repetition configuration information on a per update basis, the network node may provide a fixed mapping (e.g., a bitmap) indicating the frequency locations of all repetition patterns that the serving cell may support. In another embodiment, the network node may provide a mapping indicating the frequency locations of a subset of the repetition patterns that the serving cell may support.
One type of payload information that may be useful to a UE is whether the payload is the same across duplicate versions. Whether the payloads are the same may trigger different soft combining behavior at the UE. Most incremental redundancy techniques involve soft combining, in which a copy of the erroneously received data is stored and subsequently combined with other copies of the same received data to recreate the correct copy of the transmitted data. The principles of incremental redundancy are well known in the art and a detailed discussion of incremental redundancy techniques will not be included in this disclosure.
Fig. 7A and 7B illustrate a series of paired transmit and receive beams at different repetition instances, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As previously mentioned, 5G is envisioned to support multiple device types, including wireless devices using multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Fig. 7A and 7B illustrate how QCL information may be used if the QCL information is included as part of the repeated configuration information transmitted to the UE. The network node may inform the UE that the repetition to be sent by the serving cell is spatially quasi co-located with the original signal. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7A, the UE may decide that due to the repeated QCL properties, the UE does not need to adjust the receive beam with the dominant angle of arrival based on the original signal propagation path.
In fig. 7A, serving cell 401 and UE402 as described in fig. 4 have performed a beam management procedure such that serving cell 401 may transmit control and/or data signaling (i.e., raw signals) to UE402 using transmit beam 710 and UE402 receives control and/or data signaling using receive beam 715. The direction and strength of the transmit beam 710 and the receive beam 715 are determined by a beam management procedure between the serving cell 401 and the UE 402. The serving cell sends or has sent information to the network node indicating a configuration that the serving cell will subsequently use for repeated transmissions to the UE. As part of this information, the serving cell transmits QCL information indicating that repetition will be QCL to the original signal space. For example, the network node sends the QCL information to the UE in a repetition configuration information message, which may be transmitted as an RRC message, MAC-CE, or L1 signaling. When the UE402 receives the message, the UE402 may decide to avoid changing the current configuration of the receive beam 715, even though the serving cell may be changing the configuration of the transmit beam 710. Examples for repetition 1 and repetition 2 are shown.
For repetition 1, the transmit beam 720 from the serving cell is reconfigured to have a narrower and longer lobe than the original transmit beam 710, but its main transmit angle is different from that of the original transmit beam 710. However, the transmit beam 720 is still spatially QCL with the original transmit beam 710, since the primary angle of arrival of the transmit beam is within a tolerable range so that they can be received by the same receive beam. Thus, the UE does not need to reconfigure receive beam 725 to cover a different desired angular region.
For repetition 2, the transmit beam 730 from the serving cell 401 is again reconfigured to have a narrower and longer lobe than the original transmit beam 710, but its primary transmission angle is different from that of the original transmit beam 710 and the transmit beam 720. However, since the primary angles of arrival are within a tolerable range (in which case they may be received by the same receive beam), the transmit beam 730 is still spatially QCL with the original transmit beam 710. Thus, the UE does not need to reconfigure the receive beam 735. As shown in the other transmit/receive beams in fig. 7A, if the transmit beams carrying the repetitions are QCL-identical to the original signal, the computational burden of performing beam scanning at the UE is relieved if the UE has noticed these repeated QCL properties.
Fig. 7B is an example of the UE 402 performing beam scanning due to QCL information transmitted in a repeat configuration information message indicating that the repeat transmission will not be QCL with the original signal. The serving cell transmits control and/or data signaling using transmit beam 750 to the UE, which receives control and/or data signaling using receive beam 755. The serving cell sends or has sent information to the network node indicating a configuration that the serving cell will subsequently use for repeated transmissions to the UE. As part of this information, the serving cell transmits QCL information indicating that the repetition will not be QCL spatially from the original signal. The network node sends the QCL information to the UE in a repetition configuration information message, which may be transmitted, for example, as an RRC message, MAC-CE, or L1 signaling.
For repetition 1, the transmit beam 760 from the serving cell is reconfigured to have a different primary transmission angle than the original transmit beam 750. The primary angle of arrival of the transmit beam 760 and the original transmit beam 750 are not in the range that will be received by the same receive beam. Thus, the UE should reconfigure the receive beam 765 to change the directional orientation of the receive beam 765 to a directional orientation that is more likely to be paired with the transmit beam 760.
For repetition 2, the transmit beam 770 from the serving cell is again reconfigured to have a different primary transmission angle than the original transmit beam 750 and the transmit beam 760. The primary angle of arrival of beam 770 and beam 760 is not within a tolerable range to be received by the same receive beam. Thus, the UE should reconfigure the receive beam 775 to change its directional orientation to a directional orientation that is more likely to be paired with the transmit beam 770. As shown in the other transmit/receive beams in fig. 7B, if the transmit beam carrying the repetition is not QCL with the original signal or with each other, the UE will perform a beam scanning operation with the receive beam.
In the example of fig. 7A, the original signal and the repeated version are transmitted by using a transmission beam formed by a mixture of a wide beam width and a narrow beam width. Using narrow transmit beams transmitted at different transmit angles provides better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) properties, which will enable faster decoding at the UE. In the comparative example of fig. 7B, the original signal and the repetition are transmitted through a wide transmit beam. In the case where the serving cell performs analog beamforming, repetition using a wide transmit beam may permit more multiplexing of users per symbol. Further, if the repetitions have the same content and channel, the UE may estimate a carrier frequency offset using a phase difference between transmission beams, which may be used to correct a phase error generated over time due to the frequency error. The serving cell has the ability to select a duplicate configuration that may involve many factors such as: transmit beam shape, angle of arrival, antenna port used for the transmit beam, whether the transmit beam is spatially QCL, number of repetitions, symbol position of repetitions, tone of transmission repetitions, number of transmit beams, and the like. Indeed, a number of different selection combinations are possible due to the mechanism of using repeated configuration information messages transmitted by the network node supporting the serving cell.
Alternatively, the selection by the serving cell may be communicated in a separate message, e.g., the repeated QCL states may be communicated separately from the number of repetitions or repetition pattern by the QCL indicator. The QCL indicator may apply to all repetitions, or multiple QCL indicators may be generated, each applied to a different subset of repeated versions. It may be efficient to use different messaging to address different serving cell configurations, depending on whether lower layer processing or upper layer processing is involved. For example, RRC messaging is used if upper layer processing is to be invoked to support changes to the duplicate configuration, or L1 signaling is used if lower layer processing is to be invoked to support changes to the duplicate configuration.
Fig. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 800 for updating duplicate configuration information at a UE. Although fig. 8 is described in the context of a UE, the method may be performed at any type of node capable of supporting wireless communications, such as wireless communications at both millimeter wave and frequencies below 6GHz, simultaneously or concurrently. The method 800 assumes that the UE has established a communication session with the serving cell and the network node.
At step 802, the UE processor controls internal processing of communications supporting message exchanges with the serving cell. The messages are used to support the beam management procedure. The UE processor may be a transmit processor, a receive processor, or a processor configured for both transmit and receive processing.
At step 804, the UE processor controls internal processing that supports transmission of message exchanges with the network node. At least one of the messages is a duplicate configuration information message from the network node. At an optional step (not shown), the UE processor may control feedback transmission (such as an Acknowledgement (ACK) or Negative Acknowledgement (NACK)) to the network node. The transmission of the ACK/NACK is a technique well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, wherein the integrity of the signal transmission may be checked on the receiving side for accuracy, e.g., using any suitable integrity checking mechanism, such as a checksum or a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). If the integrity of the signal is confirmed, an ACK may be sent, and if not, a NACK may be sent.
At step 806, at least one duplicate configuration information message is processed within the UE and its contents are stored in memory. The contents of the repeated configuration information message will be used by the beam management circuitry to configure one or more antenna arrays to receive a transmit beam from a serving cell (such as at millimeter wave frequencies). The beam management circuitry may also be configured to support a beam management procedure.
At step 808, the UE receives a first transmission instance of the original signal on a transmission beam from the serving cell. An example of the original signal is an SSB signal including a PBCH signal. Other types of signals, such as data signals and control signals, may also benefit from the embodiments described herein.
At step 810, the beam management circuitry accesses the contents of the stored duplicate configuration information message from memory and determines whether to reconfigure one or more antenna arrays to change the receive beam direction to maintain pairing with the transmit beam from the serving cell.
At step 812, the beam management circuitry determines whether to reconfigure or not reconfigure one or more of the antenna arrays based on the received reconfiguration information message. In an alternative embodiment, the UE determines all reconfiguration actions prior to the first transmission instance of the signal.
At step 814, the UE processor receives the repeated version of the original signal through the receive beam and performs an incremental redundancy technique to recover information previously transmitted by the serving cell (e.g., information in the original signal).
At step 816, the UE continues to monitor for updates to the reset configuration information message. In one aspect of this embodiment, steps 814 and 816 can occur simultaneously.
Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 900 for receiving duplicate configuration information at a network node and transmitting the duplicate configuration information to a wireless node (e.g., a UE). Although fig. 9 is described in the context of a network node, method 900 may be performed at any type of node capable of supporting wireless communications, such as wireless communications at frequencies below 6GHz and communications with another node in a wireless communications network, either simultaneously or concurrently.
At step 902, the network node processor controls internal processing that supports transmission of network message exchanges with the serving cell. The network message is for supporting beam configuration updates for a UE served by the serving cell. The exchange of network messages may be transmitted wirelessly or over a wired medium.
At step 904, the network node processor determines whether to send a duplicate configuration information message to the UE based on the content of the exchanged network messages. The network node processor may be configured to evaluate the content of the exchanged network messages to determine whether to generate and send a duplicate configuration information message to the UE, or the processor may be configured to not evaluate the content of the exchanged network messages and send the content of the exchanged messages in the duplicate configuration information message without further determination. The processor may be further configured to evaluate content of the exchanged network messages and select a parameter indicative of the evaluated content. The selected parameter indicative of the evaluated content may be included as part of a duplicate configuration information message to the UE.
At step 906, the network node processor generates at least one duplicate configuration information message to the UE based at least in part on a portion of the duplicate configuration information from the serving cell. The network node processor generates at least one duplicate configuration information message according to a predetermined rule. One example of a predetermined rule is to provide a fixed mapping format (e.g., a bitmap) for indicating the frequency locations of all repeating patterns that the serving cell can support. An alternative example is to provide a fixed mapping format for indicating the frequency locations of a subset of the repetition patterns that the serving cell can support. Another example of a predetermined rule is to provide the content of the exchanged network messages in relation to a specific instance of time. Another example of a predetermined rule is that certain types of content (e.g., QCL information) are sent with a different message type than other types of content (e.g., number of repetitions).
At step 908, the network node processor sends at least one duplicate configuration information message to the UE. The duplicate configuration message comprises at least one or a combination of: an indicator for a number of repeated versions in a time slot; an indicator for a symbol position carrying a repeated version from a set of repeated versions; a payload indication; an indicator for a frequency location carrying a duplicate version from a set of duplicate versions; or at least one quasi co-located (QCL) information indicator.
At step 910, the network node processor may determine to forward an acknowledgement received from the UE or inform the serving cell that the UE has acknowledged receipt of the duplicate configuration information message.
Fig. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 1000 for managing duplicate transmissions at a serving cell. Although fig. 10 is described in the context of a serving cell, method 1000 may be performed at any type of node capable of supporting wireless communications, such as wireless communications at millimeter wave frequencies and communications with another node in a wireless communications network, either simultaneously or concurrently.
At step 1002, the serving cell processor controls internal processing to support transmission of message exchanges with the UE. The message is for supporting a beam management procedure, such as at millimeter wave frequencies. The serving cell processor may be a transmit processor, a receive processor, or a processor configured for both transmit and receive processing.
At step 1004, the serving cell processor controls internal processing that supports transmission of network message exchanges with the network node. The exchange of network messages may be transmitted wirelessly or over a wired medium. In one embodiment, steps 1002 and 1004 may occur simultaneously.
At step 1006, the beam management circuitry determines whether a range expansion technique should be implemented to support communication with the UE. The determination may be based on measured channel conditions, received channel condition reports, received information indicating that data was not received at the UE, or other such parameters indicating a loss of channel quality. The beam management circuitry may be co-located within the serving cell processor or may be separate from the serving cell processor.
At step 1008, the beam management circuitry determines configuration information for performing an iterative process to support range extension for transmissions from the serving cell. The configuration information may comprise at least one of the following for the at least one transmit beam: number of repetitions, symbol position for repetition, SFN information, repetition pattern information, payload information, QCL information (or other beam direction information), etc. In one embodiment, the beam management circuitry may determine that transmission is to be performed on multiple transmit beams, each transmit beam having a different transmit angle, and each transmit beam carrying a subset of the repeated versions.
At step 1010, the beam management circuitry communicates the configuration information to the serving cell processor. The configuration information may have been processed by the beam management circuitry in a form that will directly inform the UE about the appropriate UE receive beam configuration to pair with the transmit beam that will carry the repetition, or alternatively, the configuration information may be a report of the configuration settings used by the serving cell.
At step 1012, the serving cell processor exchanges network messages with the network node, wherein at least one of the exchanged network messages transmits at least a portion of the duplicate configuration information to the network node. Additionally, one of the exchanged network messages provides an indication that the UE has received duplicate configuration information (e.g., acknowledgement information).
At step 1014, the beam management circuitry controls transmission of the repetition version for the UE on a transmit beam configured according to repetition configuration information for the respective repetition version.
The description in this disclosure provides examples, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined into some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. Moreover, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method, which may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure described herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.
The various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means that can perform the corresponding functions. These units may include various hardware and/or software components and/or modules, including but not limited to: a circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or a processor. Generally, where operations are illustrated in the figures, those operations may have corresponding counterpart functional module components with similar numbering. For example, the means for transmitting and/or the means for receiving may include one or more antennas, such as antenna 234 of the
As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), inferring or the like. Further, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and the like. Further, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, establishing, and the like.
The above detailed description, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes examples and is not intended to represent the only examples that may be implemented or are within the scope of the claims. When the word "example" is used in this specification, it is intended to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "advantageous" over other examples. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the described technology. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
As used herein, the term receiver may refer to an RF receiver (e.g., of an RF front end) or an interface (e.g., of a processor) for a UE (e.g., UE 115) or a BS (e.g., of a gNB 105) that receives a structure processed by the RF front end (e.g., via a bus). Similarly, the term transmitter may refer to an RF transmitter or interface (e.g., of a processor) of an RF front end of a UE (e.g., UE 115) or BS (e.g., gNB 105) for outputting the structure (e.g., via a bus) to the RF front end for transmission. According to certain aspects, a receiver and a transmitter may be configured to perform the operations described herein.
As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a. b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, and any combination of like elements with multiples (e.g., a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic Device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the disclosure herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may reside in any form of storage medium known in the art. Some examples of storage media that may be used include: random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, and the like. A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. A storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method. Method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.
The functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, an example hardware configuration may include a processing system in the wireless node. The processing system may be implemented using a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints. The bus may link together various circuits including the processor, the machine-readable medium, and the bus interface. The bus interface may be used, among other things, to connect the network adapter to the processing system via the bus. Network adapters may be used to implement signal processing functions at the physical layer. In the case of a user device 120 (see fig. 1), a user interface (e.g., keyboard, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the machine-readable medium. The processor may be implemented using one or more general-purpose processors and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuits capable of executing software. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. By way of example, a machine-readable storage medium may include RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), PROM (programmable read only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), registers, magnetic disk, optical disk, a hard disk drive, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine-readable medium may be embodied in a computer program product. The computer program product may include packaging materials.
In a hardware implementation, the machine-readable medium may be part of a processing system that is separate from the processor. However, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the machine-readable medium, or any portion thereof, may be external to the processing system. By way of example, a machine-readable medium may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer product separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by a processor through a bus interface. Alternatively or in addition, the machine-readable medium or any portion thereof may be integrated into a processor, such as may be the case with a cache and/or a general register file.
The processing system may be configured as a general purpose processing system having one or more microprocessors that provide processor functionality and an external memory that provides at least a portion of a machine readable medium, all of which are linked together with other supporting circuitry by an external bus architecture. Alternatively, the processing system may be implemented using an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) having at least a portion of a processor, a bus interface, a user interface (in the case of an access terminal), support circuitry, and a machine-readable medium integrated into a single chip or performed using one or more FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), PLDs (programmable logic devices), controllers, state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable circuitry or any combination of circuitry that can perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality of a processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
The machine-readable medium may include several software modules. The software modules include instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. The software modules may include a sending module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside on a single memory device, or may be distributed across multiple memory devices. For example, when a triggering event occurs, a software module may be loaded from a hard disk into RAM. During execution of the software module, the processor may load some of the instructions into the cache to increase access speed. Subsequently, one or more cache lines may be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor. When referring to the functionality of the software modules below, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by the processor when executing instructions from the software modules.
When implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as Infrared (IR), radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and
Accordingly, certain aspects may comprise a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein. For example, such a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein. For certain aspects, a computer program product may include packaging materials.
Further, it should be appreciated that modules and/or other suitable means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or base station as needed. For example, such a device may be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, various methods described herein can be provided via a storage unit (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a Compact Disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a user terminal and/or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage unit to the device. Further, any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be utilized.
It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components described above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus described above without departing from the scope of the claims.
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：用于特定STBC预编码的发送器及方法