阅读说明：本技术 一种增强型高耐候太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 (Enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell back plate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 林建伟 张付特 赵磊 邓如华 余艺华 于 2020-08-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种增强型高耐候太阳能电池背板及其制备方法。该太阳能电池背板包括支撑层、设置在支撑层一侧的耐候层、以及设置在支撑层另一侧的增强层；所述耐候层采用一层或多层具有耐候功能的耐候高分子薄膜、耐候高分子涂层、耐候金属薄膜、耐候金属镀膜或金属专用耐候涂层的中的一种材料或至少两种材料组成的复合材料制作；所述支撑层采用拉伸强度为10-10000MPa、水汽透过率小于5.0g/(m<Sup>2</Sup>.d)的具有支撑功能和水汽阻隔功能的高分子薄膜或金属薄膜制作；所述增强层采用纤维材料或高分子树脂材料制作,或采用纤维材料与高分子树脂材料的复合材料制作。(The invention relates to an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell back plate and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell backboard comprises a supporting layer, a weather-resistant layer arranged on one side of the supporting layer and a reinforcing layer arranged on the other side of the supporting layer; the weather-resistant layer is made of one or more layers of weather-resistant polymer films with weather-resistant functions, weather-resistant polymer coatings, weather-resistant metal films, weather-resistant metal coating films or special weather-resistant coatings for metals or composite materials consisting of at least two materials; the supporting layer has tensile strength of 10-10000MPa and water vapor transmission rate of less than 5.0 g/(m) 2 Manufacturing a polymer film or a metal film with a supporting function and a water vapor barrier function in the step d); the reinforced layer is made of fiber materials or polymer resin materials, or is made of composite materials of the fiber materials and the polymer resin materials.)

1. The reinforced high-weather-resistance solar cell backboard is characterized by comprising a supporting layer, a weather-resistant layer and a reinforcing layer, wherein the weather-resistant layer is arranged on one side of the supporting layer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the weather-resistant layer is made of one or more layers of weather-resistant polymer films with weather-resistant functions, weather-resistant polymer coatings, weather-resistant metal films, weather-resistant metal coating films or special weather-resistant coatings for metals or composite materials consisting of at least two materials;

the supporting layer has tensile strength of 10-10000MPa and water vapor transmission rate of less than 5.0 g/(m)²Manufacturing a polymer film or a metal film with a supporting function and a water vapor barrier function in the step d);

the reinforced layer is made of fiber materials or polymer resin materials, or is made of composite materials of the fiber materials and the polymer resin materials.

2. The enhanced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 1,

the reinforced layer is made of a continuous integrated material formed by heating thermosetting powder for 1-10min at 50-150 ℃ for melting and cooling.

3. The enhanced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 1,

the reinforced layer is formed by paving thermosetting powder on one side or two sides of a composition formed by one or more of fiber woven cloth, melt-blown cloth, non-woven cloth, chopped fiber or fiber ground material; heating for 1-10min at 50-150 deg.C and 10-1000kPa for melting, and cooling to obtain continuous integrated material.

4. The reinforced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 2 or 3,

the thermosetting powder comprises a high polymer powder material which is prepared by taking one or more of thermosetting polyester, thermosetting polyacrylic acid, thermosetting epoxy resin, thermosetting polyurethane and thermosetting polyamide as main body resin, adding a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a coupling agent, and performing post-processing, granulation and grinding.

5. The enhanced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 1,

the weather-resistant polymer film is a film material which is prepared by post-processing one or a mixture of more of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride propylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, modified polypropylene, modified polyethylene, modified polyvinyl chloride, modified polyethylene terephthalate, modified polybutylene terephthalate or modified polyimide as a main body;

the weather-resistant high polymer coating is a stable compact coating which is prepared by taking one or a mixture of any more of modified polytetrafluoroethylene resin, modified tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin, modified polytetrafluoroethylene alkoxy resin, modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, modified fluoroolefin-vinyl ether copolymer resin, modified polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, modified weather-resistant polyester or modified polyacrylic resin as a main body, adding a curing agent, a filler and an auxiliary agent, mixing and reacting, and performing crosslinking curing in one or a plurality of modes of thermal curing, ultraviolet curing or microwave curing to form the stable compact coating;

the weather-resistant metal film is a compact nonporous film material which is resistant to water vapor corrosion and is prepared by post-processing one or more alloys of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body;

the weather-resistant metal coating is a stable compact coating which is resistant to steam corrosion and is formed by taking one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body and combining one or more of magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, electroplating, vapor deposition or thermal oxidation processes.

6. The enhanced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 5,

the weather-resistant polymer film or the weather-resistant metal film is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in an adhesive bonding mode;

the weather-resistant polymer coating is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in a roller coating, dip coating, spray coating or curtain coating mode;

the weather-resistant metal coating is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in a magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, electroplating, vapor deposition or thermal oxidation mode.

7. The enhanced highly weatherable solar cell backsheet according to claim 1,

the polymer film is a single-layer or multi-layer polymer film which is formed by post-processing one or a mixture of any more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide as a main material;

the metal film is a film material which is formed by taking one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body and performing post-processing treatment.

8. A preparation method of an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell backboard is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, prefabricating an enhancement layer; it includes:

heating the thermosetting powder for 1-10min to melt under the working condition that the temperature is 50-150 ℃, and cooling to form a continuous integrated material; or the like, or, alternatively,

laying thermosetting powder on one side or two sides of a composition formed by one or more of fiber woven cloth, melt-blown cloth, non-woven cloth, chopped fiber or fiber ground material; heating for 1-10min to melt at 50-150 deg.C and 10-1000kPa, and cooling to form continuous integrated material;

s2, fixing the reinforcing layer and the weather-resistant layer; it includes:

spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a weather-resistant layer, and heating for 5-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured;

s3, fixing the reinforcing layer and the supporting layer; it includes:

and (4) spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer, and heating for 3-30min at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and solidify the prefabricated product.

9. The method for preparing an enhanced highly weatherable solar cell back sheet according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises the steps of laying the preform prepared in step S1 on the weatherable layer, heating the preform at 80-180 ℃ under 10-1000kPa for 5-30min to fully crosslink and cure the preform, before:

laying a layer of thermosetting packaging adhesive film on the weather-resistant layer;

the step of laying the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on the weather-resistant layer, and heating for 5-30min at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and cure the prefabricated product comprises the following steps:

and (4) flatly laying the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a weather-resistant layer paved with a thermosetting packaging adhesive film, and heating for 5-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and cure the prefabricated product.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of laying the preform prepared in step S1 on a support layer, heating the preform at 80-180 ℃ under 10-1000kPa for 3-30min to fully crosslink and cure the preform, the method further comprises:

laying a layer of thermosetting packaging adhesive film on the supporting layer;

the step of spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer, and heating for 3-30min under the conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured comprises the following steps:

and (4) spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer paved with a thermosetting packaging adhesive film, and heating for 3-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell back plate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of the fossil energy combustion gas emission restriction policy in many countries, renewable energy represented by solar power generation is rapidly developed, and particularly, in recent years, the photovoltaic industry is rapidly developed in China, so that solar power generation is more and more well known to the public.

The core of solar power generation is a solar photovoltaic component which is a sandwich-like structure formed by laminating five parts, namely a glass front plate, a packaging adhesive film, a solar crystalline silicon battery, a packaging adhesive film and a solar battery back plate from top to bottom at high temperature. This structure has been demonstrated for over 25 years outdoors and is a very reliable type of structure.

However, in order to ensure the strength and outdoor safety of the conventional solar photovoltaic module, a piece of tempered glass with a relatively thick thickness (about 3.2mm) is generally used as a front plate and is encapsulated by an aluminum alloy frame, so that the weight of the conventional solar photovoltaic module is increased greatly, and the use of the conventional solar photovoltaic module in a roof distribution type and other civil scenes is limited.

In order to reduce the weight of the photovoltaic module and increase the application scene of the photovoltaic module, a technical route is to thin the front glass plate and use a small metal frame with relatively light weight, but a new problem is brought about, namely the snow load and wind load tests of the photovoltaic module cannot reach the design specification, and the hail test also has the risk of failure.

The most important reason for the failure of photovoltaic module to pass through the snow load and the wind load is the insufficient module strength caused by the thinning of the front glass plate and the use of the small metal frame. Based on this, we propose a technical route to reinforce photovoltaic modules by reinforcing the backsheet.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell back plate and a preparation method thereof.

The invention provides an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell backboard, which comprises a supporting layer, a weather-resistance layer and an enhancement layer, wherein the weather-resistance layer is arranged on one side of the supporting layer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the weather-resistant layer is made of one or more layers of weather-resistant polymer films with weather-resistant functions, weather-resistant polymer coatings, weather-resistant metal films, weather-resistant metal coating films or special weather-resistant coatings for metals or composite materials consisting of at least two materials;

the supporting layer has tensile strength of 10-10000MPa and water vapor transmission rate of less than 5.0 g/(m)²Manufacturing a polymer film or a metal film with a supporting function and a water vapor barrier function in the step d);

the reinforced layer is made of fiber materials or polymer resin materials, or is made of composite materials of the fiber materials and the polymer resin materials.

The invention provides an enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell backboard, which also comprises the following auxiliary technical scheme:

wherein the reinforced layer is made of a continuous integrated material formed by heating thermosetting powder at 50-150 ℃ for 1-10min for melting and cooling;

wherein, the reinforced layer adopts a method that thermosetting powder is paved on one side or two sides of a composition formed by one or more of fiber woven cloth, melt-blown cloth, non-woven cloth, chopped fiber or fiber ground material; heating for 1-10min at 50-150 deg.C and 10-1000kPa for melting, and cooling to obtain continuous integrated material.

Wherein the thermosetting powder comprises a high polymer powder material which is prepared by taking one or more of thermosetting polyester, thermosetting polyacrylic acid, thermosetting epoxy resin, thermosetting polyurethane and thermosetting polyamide as main body resin, adding a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a coupling agent, and performing post-processing, granulation and grinding;

the particle size of the thermosetting powder is 10-200 μm.

The weather-resistant polymer film is a film material which is prepared by post-processing one or a mixture of any more of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride propylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, modified polypropylene, modified polyethylene, modified polyvinyl chloride, modified polyethylene terephthalate, modified polybutylene terephthalate or modified polyimide as a main body;

the weather-resistant high polymer coating is a stable compact coating which is prepared by taking one or a mixture of any more of modified polytetrafluoroethylene resin, modified tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer resin, modified polytetrafluoroethylene alkoxy resin, modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, modified fluoroolefin-vinyl ether copolymer resin, modified polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, modified weather-resistant polyester or modified polyacrylic resin as a main body, adding a curing agent, a filler and an auxiliary agent, mixing and reacting, and performing crosslinking curing in one or a plurality of modes of thermal curing, ultraviolet curing or microwave curing to form the stable compact coating;

the weather-resistant metal film is a compact nonporous film material which is resistant to water vapor corrosion and is prepared by post-processing one or more alloys of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body;

the weather-resistant metal coating is a stable compact coating which is resistant to steam corrosion and is formed by taking one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body and combining one or more of magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, electroplating, vapor deposition or thermal oxidation;

the thickness of the weather-resistant layer is 3-60 mu m.

The weather-resistant polymer film or the weather-resistant metal film is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in an adhesive bonding mode;

the weather-resistant polymer coating is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in a roller coating, dip coating, spray coating or curtain coating mode;

the weather-resistant metal coating is fixed on one side of the supporting layer in a magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, electroplating, vapor deposition or thermal oxidation mode.

The polymer film is a single-layer or multi-layer polymer film formed by post-processing one or a mixture of any more of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide as a main material;

the metal film is a film material which is formed by taking one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, tin, platinum, manganese or zinc as a main body and performing post-processing treatment;

the thickness of the supporting layer is 50-500 μm.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the enhanced high-weather-resistance solar cell backboard, which comprises the following steps:

s1, prefabricating an enhancement layer; it includes:

heating the thermosetting powder for 1-10min to melt under the working condition that the temperature is 50-150 ℃, and cooling to form a continuous integrated material; or the like, or, alternatively,

laying thermosetting powder on one side or two sides of a composition formed by one or more of fiber woven cloth, melt-blown cloth, non-woven cloth, chopped fiber or fiber ground material; heating for 1-10min to melt at 50-150 deg.C and 10-1000kPa, and cooling to form continuous integrated material;

s2, fixing the reinforcing layer and the weather-resistant layer; it includes:

spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a weather-resistant layer, and heating for 5-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured;

s3, fixing the reinforcing layer and the supporting layer; it includes:

and (4) spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer, and heating for 3-30min at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and solidify the prefabricated product.

Wherein, before the preform prepared in the step S1 is laid on the weather-resistant layer and heated for 5-30min at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and cure the preform, the method further comprises the following steps:

laying a layer of thermosetting packaging adhesive film on the weather-resistant layer;

the step of laying the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on the weather-resistant layer, and heating for 5-30min at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and cure the prefabricated product comprises the following steps:

and (4) flatly laying the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a weather-resistant layer paved with a thermosetting packaging adhesive film, and heating for 5-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to completely crosslink and cure the prefabricated product.

Wherein, before the preform prepared in the step S1 is laid on the supporting layer and heated for 3-30min under the conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the preform is completely cross-linked and cured, the method further comprises the following steps:

laying a layer of thermosetting packaging adhesive film on the supporting layer;

the step of spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer, and heating for 3-30min under the conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured comprises the following steps:

and (4) spreading the prefabricated product prepared in the step S1 on a supporting layer paved with a thermosetting packaging adhesive film, and heating for 3-30min under the working conditions that the temperature is 80-180 ℃ and the pressure is 10-1000kPa to ensure that the prefabricated product is completely crosslinked and cured.

The solar cell back panel with high weather resistance and high water vapor barrier property is creatively improved, the solar cell back panel with high strength, high weather resistance and high water vapor barrier property is prepared, and experimental tests show that the solar cell back panel prepared by the technical content of the invention can well pass the certification requirements of wind load, snow load and hail in IEC standard by matching thinned front panel glass and small metal frames, and meanwhile, the overall weight of the assembly can be reduced by more than 30% by matching the thinned front panel glass and the small metal frames, so that the assembly is suitable for more application scenes, especially civil scenes, and the photovoltaic civil process can be greatly promoted. Meanwhile, the invention also develops a set of preparation and processing technical solutions of the solar back film enhancement layer which can be popularized and used.

Furthermore, the invention changes the supporting structure of the whole photovoltaic component formed only by the front plate glass in the prior art, and the invention forms a three-dimensional supporting structure of the photovoltaic component by combining the front plate glass and the reinforcing layer, thereby reducing the thickness of the front plate glass, simultaneously reducing the unit area weight of the whole photovoltaic component as a whole, creating conditions for large-size members in the future,

in addition, the photovoltaic module manufactured by the battery back plate can easily meet the standard that the weight of the monomer does not exceed 23 kg in the aspect of worker labor protection in developed countries in the west.

Finally, the implementation of the invention also has the advantages of relatively simple preparation process, relatively low cost and customization according to specific requirements.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.