阅读说明：本技术 带有电缆附件的防盗设备 (Anti-theft device with cable accessory ) 是由 B·尤因 C·C·万 于 2021-03-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种盗窃检测设备,该盗窃检测设备用于联接到商品产品,包括壳体,导电带的第一端附接到该壳体。壳体具有用于导电带的第二端的开口。导电带将盗窃检测设备固定到产品上,并在导电带的第二端插入开口时被激活。壳体内的光传感器感测照射到检测设备上的光照量。壳体内的运动传感器感测检测设备的移动。壳体内的发射器向用户提供音频信号。壳体内的微控制器联接到光传感器、运动传感器和发射器。发射器基于来自光传感器和运动传感器的数据发射警报。当导电带从产品上切断或松开时,发射器发射警报。(The present invention relates to a theft detection device for coupling to an item of merchandise, including a housing to which a first end of a conductive strap is attached. The housing has an opening for the second end of the conductive strip. The conductive strap secures the theft detection device to the product and is activated when the second end of the conductive strap is inserted into the opening. A light sensor within the housing senses the amount of illumination impinging on the detection device. A motion sensor within the housing senses movement of the detection device. A transmitter within the housing provides an audio signal to a user. A microcontroller within the housing is coupled to the light sensor, the motion sensor, and the transmitter. The transmitter transmits an alert based on data from the light sensor and the motion sensor. The transmitter emits an alarm when the conductive strip is severed or released from the product.)

1. A theft detection device configured to be coupled to an item of merchandise, the theft detection device comprising:

a housing to which a first end of a conductive strap is attached, the housing having an opening for a second end of the conductive strap, the conductive strap configured to secure the theft detection device to an item of merchandise, wherein the theft detection device is activated when the second end of the conductive strap is inserted into the opening;

a light sensor disposed within the housing, the light sensor configured to sense an amount of illumination impinging on the theft detection device;

a motion sensor disposed within the housing, the motion sensor configured to sense movement of the theft detection device;

a transmitter disposed within the housing, the transmitter configured to provide an audio signal to a user; and

a microcontroller disposed within the housing and coupled to the light sensor, motion sensor, and transmitter, the microcontroller configured to control the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal based on data from the light sensor and motion sensor, the microcontroller further configured to cause the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal when the conductive band is severed or released from a commodity product.

2. The theft detection device of claim 1, further comprising a mounting switch that closes when the conductive strip is inserted into the opening.

3. The theft detection device of claim 2 wherein the installation switch is open when the conductive strip is severed.

4. The theft detection device of claim 2, wherein the installation switch comprises:

a first metal contact; and

a movable metal gear configured to engage with the conductive strip such that the conductive strip is in electrical contact with the first metal contact.

5. The theft detection device of claim 4, wherein the conductive strip includes a plurality of teeth along a length of the conductive strip configured to engage a mating set of teeth on the movable metal gear to lock the conductive strip in a fixed position.

6. The theft detection apparatus of claim 4 further comprising a spring disposed in the housing, wherein the spring biases the movable metal gear into contact with the conductive strip.

7. The theft detection device of claim 6, further comprising a decode switch that, when closed, opens the installation switch to deactivate the theft detection device.

8. The theft detection device of claim 7, wherein the decode switch is configured to be magnetically closed.

9. The theft detection device of claim 8, wherein the movable metal gear is configured to overcome a force of a spring to disengage the movable metal gear from the conductive strap in response to a magnet placed outside of the housing and in close proximity to the movable metal gear.

10. The theft detection device of claim 9 wherein the conductive strip is in electrical contact with a second metal contact when the movable metal gear is disengaged from the conductive strip.

11. The theft detection device of claim 1, further comprising an RF circuit configured to transmit an alarm signal to a remote receiver.

12. The theft detection device of claim 11, wherein the RF circuit is configured to wirelessly transmit an alarm signal to the remote receiver.

13. The theft detection device of claim 1, further comprising a low voltage detection circuit configured to determine when a power supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold value.

14. The theft detection device of claim 13, wherein the microcontroller causes the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal when a power supply voltage for the microcontroller drops below a threshold value.

15. The theft detection device of claim 1, wherein the alarm signal includes both an audio signal and a visual signal.

16. A method of preventing theft of an item of merchandise, the method comprising:

securing a theft detection device to an item of merchandise using a conductive strap, the theft detection device having an installation switch, wherein the theft detection device is activated when the installation switch is closed using the conductive strap;

sensing movement of the theft detection device using a motion sensor;

sensing, using a light sensor, illumination impinging on the theft detection device;

determining, using a microcontroller, an occurrence of a theft for a merchandise product based on data from the light sensor and motion sensor;

transmitting an alarm signal when the microcontroller indicates that a theft condition exists; and

an alarm signal is emitted when the conductive strip is cut or released from the merchandise item.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the microcontroller indicates a theft condition when the theft detection device is determined to be in motion and the illumination sensed by the light sensor is below a threshold level.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising deactivating the theft detection device by closing a decode switch disposed within a housing of the theft detection device.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein closing the decode switch is accomplished by placing a magnet in close proximity to the decode switch.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein placing a magnet proximate to the decode switch causes a movable metal gear to be configured to disengage from the conductive strip, which causes the conductive strip to be in electrical contact with a second metal contact.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein closing the installation switch comprises engaging the movable metal gear with the conductive strip to force the conductive strip into electrical contact with a first metal contact.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein engaging the movable metal gear with the conductive strip comprises forcing the movable metal gear into contact with the conductive strip using a spring disposed in a housing.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein closing the mounting switch comprises placing a plurality of teeth along the length of the conductive strip such that the plurality of teeth engage a mating set of teeth on the movable metal gear to lock the conductive strip in a fixed position.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein closing the decode switch opens the install switch.

25. The method of claim 16, further comprising transmitting an alarm signal to a remote receiver using RF circuitry.

26. The method of claim 16, wherein transmitting the alert signal to the remote receiver comprises wirelessly transmitting the alert signal to the remote receiver.

27. The method of claim 16, further comprising detecting when a supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising transmitting an alarm signal when a power supply voltage for the microcontroller drops below a threshold value.

29. The method of claim 16, wherein transmitting an alarm signal comprises transmitting both an audio signal and a visual signal.

30. The method of claim 16, further comprising pausing for a predetermined period of time before transmitting the alarm signal.

31. The method of claim 16, wherein after deactivating the theft detection device, the installation switch is closed for a predetermined period of time, causing the microcontroller to enter its normal operating state in which the light sensor and motion sensor of the theft detection device are activated and the microcontroller enters a sleep mode.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to anti-theft devices, and more particularly to anti-theft devices associated with retail merchandise, and even more particularly to cable wrap (cable wrap) type anti-theft devices.

Background

Anti-theft devices are widely used in contemporary retail merchandising environments and are in a wide variety of forms. Some devices are associated with retail merchandise display cabinets such that removal of retail merchandise from the display cabinet may trigger an alarm if certain alarm conditions are met. For a non-limiting example, such a display may sound an alarm when a predetermined number of retail items are removed in rapid succession.

Other devices may be attached directly to the retail item and issue an alarm when certain alarm conditions are met. Some of these attached anti-theft devices may sound an alarm when an invisible boundary is crossed (such as the entrance of a retail store). An alarm may be issued if other anti-theft devices detect motion, changes in lighting, etc.

Once such anti-theft devices for direct attachment to retail goods are cable wrap devices, or simply cable wraps. Such cable wrapping may utilize a cable or other flexible member to wrap around an item in retail merchandise packaging and adhere anti-theft devices thereto. Such cable wrapping is often used for irregularly shaped packages.

An anti-theft device containing a cable wrap may include provisions for detecting whether a theft condition has occurred. Such situations may include removing a retail item from a store, hiding the retail item, or unauthorized removal of an anti-theft device from an item of retail items by cutting a cable, etc. An anti-theft device is disclosed in U.S. patent No.8,884,761 entitled "theft detection device and method for control" issued on 11/2014 and U.S. patent application serial No.13/591,040 entitled "theft detection system" filed on 21/8/2012, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Embodiments of the present invention described herein provide improvements over conventional anti-theft devices. These and other advantages of the invention, as well as additional inventive features, will be apparent from the description of the invention provided herein.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a theft detection device configured to be coupled to an item of merchandise. The theft detection device includes a housing to which a first end of the conductive strip is attached. The housing has an opening for the second end of the conductive strip. The conductive strap is configured to secure the theft detection device to the item of merchandise. The theft detection device is activated when the second end of the conductive strip is inserted into the opening. The light sensor is disposed within the housing. The light sensor is configured to sense an amount of illumination impinging on the theft detection device. The motion sensor is disposed within the housing. The motion sensor is configured to sense movement of the theft detection device. The emitter is disposed within the housing. The transmitter is configured to provide an audio signal to a user. A microcontroller is disposed in the housing and coupled to the light sensor, the motion sensor, and the transmitter. The microcontroller is configured to control the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal based on data from the light sensor and the motion sensor. The microcontroller also causes the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal when the conductive strip is severed or released from the merchandise item.

In a particular embodiment, the theft detection device includes a mounting switch that closes when the conductive strip is inserted into the opening. Further, when the conductive tape is cut off, the installation switch may be turned off. An embodiment of the theft detection device includes a decode switch that, when closed, opens the installation switch to deactivate the theft detection device. In certain embodiments, the decode switch is configured to be magnetically closed.

In another embodiment, the installation switch includes a first metal contact and a movable metal gear configured to engage the conductive strip to electrically contact the conductive strip with the first metal contact. In some embodiments, the conductive strip includes a plurality of teeth along a length of the conductive strip, wherein the plurality of teeth are configured to engage a mating set of teeth on the movable metal gear to lock the conductive strip in a fixed position. The theft detection device may further include a spring disposed in the housing, wherein the spring biases the movable metal gear into contact with the conductive strip.

In certain embodiments, the movable metal gear is configured to overcome the force of the spring to disengage the movable metal gear from the electrically conductive strap in response to a magnet placed outside the housing and in close proximity to the movable metal gear. In another embodiment, the conductive strip is in electrical contact with the second metal contact when the movable metal gear is disengaged from the conductive strip.

The theft detection device may also include an RF circuit configured to transmit the alarm signal to a remote receiver. In a particular embodiment, the RF circuitry is configured to wirelessly transmit the alarm signal to a remote receiver. The low voltage detection circuit may be configured to determine when a supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold. Further, the microcontroller may be configured to cause the transmitter to transmit an alarm signal when a power supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold value. In some embodiments, the alert signal includes both an audio signal and a visual signal.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preventing theft of an item of merchandise. The method requires the use of conductive tape to secure the theft detection device to the item of merchandise. The theft detection device has an installation switch. When the installation switch is closed using the conductive tape, the theft detection device will be activated. The method further includes sensing movement of the theft detection device using the motion sensor, sensing illumination impinging on the theft detection device using the light sensor, and determining an occurrence of a theft for the item of merchandise based on data from the light sensor and the motion sensor using the microcontroller. The method also includes transmitting an alarm signal when the microcontroller indicates a theft condition and transmitting the alarm signal when the conductive strip is severed or released from the merchandise item.

In certain embodiments, the microcontroller indicates that a theft condition exists when it is determined that the theft detection device is in motion and the illumination sensed by the light sensor is below a threshold level. In another embodiment, the method further comprises deactivating the theft detection device by closing a decode switch disposed within a housing of the theft detection device. Closing the decode switch may include placing a magnet proximate to the decode switch. Furthermore, closing the decoding switch may also open the installation switch.

In certain embodiments, the placing the magnet proximate the decode switch step causes the movable metal gear to be configured to disengage from the conductive strip, which causes the conductive strip to be in electrical contact with the second metal contact. In a more particular embodiment, closing the mounting switch causes the movable metal gear to engage the conductive strip to force the conductive strip into electrical contact with the first metal contact. Engaging the movable metal gear with the conductive strip may include forcing the movable metal gear into contact with the conductive strip using a spring disposed in the housing. In another embodiment, closing the mounting switch includes placing a plurality of teeth along the length of the conductive strip such that the plurality of teeth engage a mating set of teeth on the movable metal gear to lock the conductive strip in a fixed position.

In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting the alarm signal to a remote receiver using RF circuitry. In a more particular embodiment, the method includes wirelessly transmitting the alert signal to a remote receiver. The method may also include detecting when a supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold. Further, the method may include transmitting an alarm signal when a power supply voltage for the microcontroller falls below a threshold value. In certain embodiments, transmitting the alert signal includes transmitting both an audio signal and a visual signal. The method may also require a pause for a predetermined period of time before transmitting the alarm signal.

Other aspects, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a retail anti-theft device constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the retail anti-theft device of FIG. 1, showing another side of the anti-theft device;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the interior of a retail anti-theft device according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is another perspective view of the interior of a retail anti-theft device according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating electronic circuitry included in a retail anti-theft device according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 6 is a flow chart describing the operation of a retail anti-theft device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Detailed Description

Generally, one embodiment of a theft detection device as a merchandise tag shown in the drawings is provided. In retail stores, thieves sometimes take a product and place it in a bag, tote bag, or other enclosure to conceal the merchandise. In such a case, a low light level around the product combined with the movement of the product may indicate that the product is being stolen. Merchandise tags may be coupled to products to detect low light levels and movement to determine when a potential theft condition exists.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a theft detection device in the form of an article tag 20 is shown in perspective view. With respect to the embodiments of the invention described herein, the terms "theft protection device" and "merchandise tag" may be used interchangeably. The merchandise tag 20 has a housing 28 and an attached conductive strap 22. Using the conductive strap 22, the merchandise tag 20 may be attached to any type of retail product or merchandise product to prevent theft of the product. The free end of the conductive strip 22 is then inserted into the opening 29 in the housing 28. Once inserted into the opening 29, the conductive strip 22 completes an electrical circuit that is monitored by a microcontroller 34 (shown in FIG. 5). As will be explained below, a break in the circuit can provide an indication that a theft has occurred, causing the microcontroller 34 to issue an alarm.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the merchandise tag 20 may include a light sensor 24 and a transmitter 26. The light sensor 24 and emitter 26 are contained within a housing 28. The light sensor 24 may be any suitable type of photocell, photodetector, photoresistor, light dependent resistor, or any other suitable type of light sensor. In various embodiments, the transmitter 26 may be configured to transmit an audible sound signal, an RF signal, an AM signal, an FM signal, a microwave signal, a combination thereof, or any other suitable type of signal. Embodiments of the merchandise tag 20 also include an LED25 (shown in fig. 4) to provide a visual cue, such as an alarm or warning signal, to the user.

As mentioned above, the merchandise tag 20 is attached to the merchandise product by the conductive strap 22, and the conductive strap 22 may be made of plastic or any other similar suitable material. Further, the merchandise tag 20 is configured to be releasably attached to the merchandise product when one end of the conductive strip 22 is disconnected from the merchandise tag 20.

Fig. 3 and 4 provide perspective views of the interior of merchandise tag 20 according to embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, the interior is within the housing 28 of the merchandise tag 20. More particularly, fig. 3 shows a particular embodiment of the installation switch 41 and the decoding switch 43, the installation switch 41 also being shown as SW1 on fig. 3 and 4, and the decoding switch 43 also being shown as SW3 on fig. 3 and 4.

To arm the merchandise tag 20, the conductive strap 22 is secured to the PCB via a battery cover that is locked in place by threaded connection with the product housing. The conductive strip 22 is in electrical contact with a circuit board 30 housed within the merchandise tag housing 28.

The free end of the conductive strip 22 is securely wrapped around the product being protected and returned to the merchandise tag 20 where the conductive strip 22 is inserted through the opening 29. The teeth 32 on the conductive band 22 lock in place with the mating set of teeth 33 on the movable metal gear 40. The magnitude of the locking force is controlled by a spring 42 disposed in the housing 28 and engaging the movable metal gear 40. When locked in place in this manner, the conductive strip 22 is in electrical contact with the first metal contact 44. Once the conductive loop is formed by locking the conductive strip 22 in place, any attempt to open the closed loop (e.g., cutting or removing the conductive strip 22) will sound an alarm.

To disarm the merchandise tag 20, a powerful magnet is required to remove the conductive strip 22 from the product being protected without raising an alarm. By applying a magnet to the tip 46 of the merchandise tag housing 28, the movable metal gear 40 moves upward, releasing the locking teeth 32, 33 between the conductive strip 22 and the movable metal gear 40. The use of a magnet as described causes the movable metal gear 40 to engage the second metal contact 50, forming a closed loop with the first metal contact 44, signaling the microcontroller 34 on the circuit board 30 to perform the disarming function.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the electronics housed within the merchandise tag 20. The merchandise tag electronics includes microcontroller 34 electrically coupled to light sensor circuit 35 and a transmitter circuit that operates speaker 38 and LED 25. The microcontroller 34 is also electrically coupled to a motion sensor circuit that includes a motion sensor 36. The motion sensor 36 may be a piezoelectric sensor or any similarly suitable type of motion sensor 36.

In the illustrated embodiment, the microcontroller 34 is electrically coupled to the transmitter 26 (see fig. 1), the motion sensor 36, and the light sensor 24. In one embodiment, the microcontroller 34 is in operable communication with the emitter 26, the motion sensor 36, and the light sensor 24, but the microcontroller 34 is not physically coupled to the emitter 26, the motion sensor 36, and/or the light sensor 24. In another embodiment, the microcontroller 34 is coupled to the transmitter 26, the motion sensor 36, and the light sensor 24 by electrical leads. For purposes of this disclosure, "coupled" includes mechanically coupled, electrically coupled, operatively communicating, and the like.

Further, the microcontroller 34 is electrically coupled to the mounting switch 41 (also shown as SW1 in fig. 3) and the decoding switch 43 (also shown as SW3 in fig. 3). The following table provides a state and a series of exemplary responses for microcontroller 34 for various "on-off" combinations of switches SW1 and SW 3. These combinations, and possible actions of microcontroller 34 in response thereto, are described in more detail below. It should be noted, however, that the microcontroller 34 is not limited to the response shown.

TABLE 1 switch combination states of SW1 and SW3

As described further below, the microcontroller 34 is configured to determine from the light sensor 24 and the motion sensor 36 when the merchandise tag 20, and thus the merchandise item to which the merchandise tag 20 is attached, is in low light and moving, thereby indicating a potential theft condition. The microcontroller 34 of fig. 5 is also configured to transmit alarm data to a remote location via the RF circuitry 45 and to detect low voltage via the low voltage detection circuitry 47. The power supply circuit 49 is configured to provide a constant 3 volts to the microcontroller 34. It is understood that in other embodiments, the supply voltage may be greater or less than 3 volts.

In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 5, microcontroller 34 is a 20-pin integrated circuit. The following description provides one example of how such a microcontroller 34 may be used in the embodiments of the invention illustrated herein. For example, power may be supplied to a first pin while a second pin is connected to ground. In this example, the third pin is connected to the LED25 and speaker 38 via a transmitter circuit, thereby controlling the emission of the audio and visual warnings from the merchandise tag 20. The fourth pin is connected to the motion sensor 36 via motion sensor circuitry. When the motion sensor 36 detects motion, a pulse signal is provided to the fourth pin, which causes the microcontroller 34 to supply power to the fifth pin that activates the light sensor circuit 35. When the light sensor 24 detects light, the signal voltage supplied to the sixth pin is low. When the light sensor 24 does not detect light, the signal voltage supplied to the sixth pin is high. As will be explained in greater detail below, when a signal arriving at the fourth pin indicates that the merchandise tag 20 is in motion, the signal on the sixth pin allows the microcontroller 34 to determine whether the merchandise tag 20 is entering a precaution mode, or continues to monitor motion and light to determine whether to sound an alarm.

In the alarm mode, an RF signal may be transmitted over the seventh pin connected to RF circuitry 45 in addition to the audio and visual alarm provided by merchandise tag 20. The RF circuit 45 has an antenna 48 which allows the alarm signal to be transmitted wirelessly to a remote receiver. In this case, the receiver may be any device capable of receiving RF transmissions and through which the user may identify the purpose of the transmission. However, it is also envisioned that in certain embodiments of the present invention, the transmission of the alert signal may occur via a wired means.

In this example, the microcontroller 34 includes eighth and ninth pins connected to a low voltage detection circuit 47, the low voltage detection circuit 47 monitoring the supply voltage on the microcontroller 34 and issuing a warning if the supply voltage falls below a threshold voltage. The high supply voltage signal on the eighth pin activates the low voltage detection circuit 47. When the supply voltage is above the threshold voltage, the voltage on the ninth pin is low. When the supply voltage drops below the threshold voltage, the voltage on the ninth pin is higher. In a particular embodiment, the microcontroller 34 activates the low voltage detection circuit 47 every 30 minutes, although in other embodiments the low voltage detection circuit 47 is activated more or less frequently. If a certain number of consecutive measurements (e.g., from two to five) indicate a low supply voltage, microcontroller 34 may indicate an audio warning and a corresponding visual warning to the user that the supply voltage is below the desired level.

Embodiments of the merchandise tag 20 may be controlled according to various methods, as will be further described below. In one scenario, the merchandise tag 20 is coupled to the merchandise product and activated by securing the conductive strap 22 around the product and inserting the end of the strap into the merchandise tag 20 to close the mounting switch (SW1) 41. Activation of the merchandise tag 20 refers to activation of the light sensor 24 and the motion sensor 36 via the aforementioned light sensor 35 and motion sensor. When the light sensor 24 detects an illumination level below a predetermined illumination level and the motion sensor 36 detects movement of the merchandise tag 20 beyond a predetermined period of time without a change in the illumination level, the microcontroller 34 controls the transmitter 26 to transmit an alarm signal.

Referring to fig. 6, a flow chart illustrates an embodiment of a method for controlling the embodiment of the merchandise tag 20 illustrated in fig. 1-5. However, it is contemplated that the method shown in FIG. 6 may be used to control alternative embodiments of merchandise tag 20.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, microcontroller 34 determines from the states of SW1 and SW3 that conductive strip 22 of merchandise tag 20 has not been installed on the merchandise item (step 100). The result is that microcontroller 34 does not initiate action. In a next step, microcontroller 34 determines from the states of SW1 and SW3 that conductive strip 22 of merchandise tag 20 has been mounted on or secured to the merchandise product (step 102). In certain embodiments, when install switch (SW1)41 is closed for a first predetermined period of time (e.g., from 5 seconds to 30 seconds), microcontroller 34 determines that merchandise tag 20 has been installed.

The closing of the installation switch (SW1)41 may be accompanied by an audio warning and/or a visual warning. For example, the transmitter 26 of the article tag 20 may emit a long beep and/or a flashing light of the LED25 at the end of the first predetermined time period. If the install switch (SW1)41 remains closed for a second predetermined period of time (e.g., from 3 minutes to 10 minutes), the microcontroller 34 enters its normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters the sleep mode (step 104).

The microcontroller 34 remains in the sleep mode until the motion sensor 36 detects motion. If motion is detected and the light sensor 24 detects a normal lighting condition, the microcontroller 34 enters an early warning mode (step 106), which may be accompanied by an audio warning. In one example, the transmitter 26 transmits a periodic beep (e.g., beeps once per second) that signals the early warning mode, and may be accompanied by a corresponding flash of the LED 25. If the motion ceases and no further motion is detected for a period of time (e.g., from 15 seconds to 60 seconds — the time period shown in fig. 6 is 30 seconds), then the microcontroller 34 resets to step 104, entering a normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters a sleep mode.

However, if the motion sensor 36 detects continuous motion and the amount of illumination detected by the light sensor 24 falls below a certain threshold level, the merchandise tag 20 will enter an alarm mode. In a particular example, in the pre-alarm mode, the alarm mode may be triggered by continuous motion for a period of time (e.g., from 8 to 20 seconds, in the embodiment of fig. 6 for 12 seconds) along with a detected light level (e.g., below 15 lux). The alert mode may be indicated by a rapid beep from transmitter 26 and a corresponding rapid flashing of LED25 (step 108). These audio and visual warnings may continue for 2 to 10 minutes. In the embodiment of fig. 6, the alarm warning continues for a maximum of 3 minutes. After the expiration of the maximum alarm period, the microcontroller 34 resets to step 104, entering a normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters a sleep mode.

If the motion sensor 36 detects continuous motion and the amount of illumination detected by the light sensor 24 remains bright, the microcontroller 34 will pause for some relatively short period of time (e.g., from 5 seconds to 20 seconds — 10 seconds in the embodiment of FIG. 6) (step 110). During this time, the merchandise tag 20 may be deactivated. After deactivation of the merchandise tag 20, the light sensor 24 and the motion sensor 36 are deactivated until the merchandise tag 20 is reactivated. Deactivation of the merchandise tag 20 may occur if a paying customer or store clerk moves the merchandise item so that the merchandise tag 20 may be removed prior to purchase.

If the merchandise tag 20 is deactivated and the conductive strip 22 is removed from the merchandise item, the microcontroller 34 resets to step 100 and all activity ceases. If the merchandise tag 20 is deactivated and the conductive strap 22 is not removed from the merchandise during the paused time period, the microcontroller 34 resets to step 102 such that if the install switch (SW1)41 remains closed for a predetermined period of time (e.g., from 3 minutes to 10 minutes), the microcontroller 34 enters its normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters a sleep mode.

In an alternative scenario, if after step 104, motion sensor 36 detects motion and light sensor 24 detects little or no illumination, microcontroller 34 continuously monitors movement and illumination levels (step 112). If the motion is interrupted for some predetermined period of time, the microcontroller 34 resets to step 104 and enters a normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters a sleep mode.

In certain embodiments, once the microcontroller 34 has determined that the merchandise product is in motion, the microcontroller 34 monitors the illumination level and motion of the merchandise tag 20 to determine whether to control the transmitter 26 to transmit an alarm signal (e.g., the microcontroller 34 monitors input from the light sensor 24 to determine whether the merchandise product is in a low light environment and monitors input from the motion sensor 36 to determine whether the merchandise product is also in motion).

If the light level sensed by light sensor 24 is below a threshold level, or if motion is detected by motion sensor 36, microcontroller 34 may be configured to wait a predetermined period of time similar to a countdown time before causing transmitter 26 to transmit a signal. The countdown time typically lasts from 5 seconds to 30 seconds. In the embodiment of fig. 6, the countdown period is 18 seconds. If the product remains in motion during the countdown period, the microcontroller 34 enters the early warning mode (step 106) and proceeds as described above.

In certain embodiments, when microcontroller 34 determines that merchandise tag 20 is both in a low light environment and in motion for a predetermined amount of time, for example, merchandise tag 20 and attached merchandise product are being concealed by a thief moving toward an exit, for example, microcontroller 34 controls transmitter 26 to transmit an alarm signal, including an audio warning and a visual warning as described above.

It should also be noted that in some embodiments, if the conductive strip 22 is severed (i.e., SW1 is closed) or released, for example, such that the merchandise tag 20 may be removed from the merchandise item, the microcontroller 34 controls the transmitter 26 to transmit an alarm signal including an audio warning and a visual warning as described above (step 114). In this context, the conductive strip 22 being "cut" means completely cut into individual pieces. Once the alarm signal has sounded for a predetermined maximum period of time, microcontroller 34 ceases all activity and resets to step 100.

Whether in the alert mode or the early warning mode, the merchandise tag 20 may be magnetically deactivated. As described above, when the conductive strip 22 is secured to the item of merchandise and inserted into the SW1 opening in the housing 28, the installation switch 41 is closed and SW1 is turned on. When the magnet is placed in close proximity to the decode switch 43, SW3 is closed or on, and SW1 is open or off. In the context of the present invention, "proximate" means that the magnet is less than one foot from the housing 28. Deactivation of the merchandise tag 20 may be accompanied by an audio warning and/or a visual warning. For example, the transmitter 26 of the merchandise tag 20 may emit a long beep and/or a flashing light of the LED25 to signal to the user: the merchandise tag 20 is no longer in the alert mode or the early warning mode.

After deactivation, the conductive strip 22 may be released from the product and removed from the SW1 opening in the housing 28. In this case, microcontroller 34 resets to step 100 and all activity ceases. If the conductive strap 22 remains secured to the item of merchandise and SW1 remains on or closed, the microcontroller 34 resets to step 102 such that if the installation switch (SW1)41 remains closed for a predetermined period of time (e.g., from 3 minutes to 10 minutes), the microcontroller 34 enters its normal operating state in which its light and motion sensors are activated and the microcontroller 34 enters a sleep mode.

All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,") unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.