阅读说明：本技术 一种鳜鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 (Mandarin fish feed additive and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 黄静 魏金涛 廖友新 陈芳 赵娜 张巍 杜恩存 樊启文 郭方正 黄少文 孟宪东 于 2020-07-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种鳜鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用,所述饲料添加剂包括：桑枝120-200份,柴胡10-15份,桂枝8-12份,白芍8-12份,瓜蒌8-12份,薤白8-12份,枳实8-12份,苍术8-12份,陈皮8-12份,厚朴8-12份,白术8-12份,猪苓8-12份,茯苓8-12份,泽泻8-12份,生地黄8-12份,牡丹皮8-12份。本发明将具有调节糖脂代谢、抗菌消炎功能的桑枝和可综合提高机体免疫力的多种中药物质进行联合应用,并调节各物质的比例,使其发挥协同增效作用,将其作为饲料添加剂添加到鳜鱼饲料中,可有效调节鳜鱼糖脂代谢并显著增强鳜鱼机体免疫力,因此明显提高了鳜鱼的生长速度和成活率；同时该饲料添加剂的制备方法简单,成分纯天然,不会危害人体健康,适合大规模推广使用。(The invention discloses a mandarin fish feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components: 200 parts of mulberry twig, 10-15 parts of radix bupleuri, 8-12 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 8-12 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 8-12 parts of allium macrostemon, 8-12 parts of immature bitter orange, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 8-12 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 8-12 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 8-12 parts of grifola umbellata, 8-12 parts of poria cocos, 8-12 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 8-12 parts of radix rehmanniae recen and 8-12 parts. According to the invention, ramulus mori with the functions of regulating glycolipid metabolism, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation and various traditional Chinese medicine substances capable of comprehensively improving the immunity of an organism are jointly applied, the proportion of each substance is regulated, the substances are enabled to play a synergistic effect, and the substances are added into the feed of the mandarin fish as a feed additive, so that the glycolipid metabolism of the mandarin fish can be effectively regulated, the immunity of the mandarin fish is obviously enhanced, and the growth speed and the survival rate of the mandarin fish are obviously improved; meanwhile, the feed additive is simple in preparation method, pure and natural in components, free of harm to human health and suitable for large-scale popularization and use.)

1. The mandarin fish feed additive is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of mulberry twig, 10-15 parts of radix bupleuri, 8-12 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 8-12 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 8-12 parts of allium macrostemon, 8-12 parts of immature bitter orange, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 8-12 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 8-12 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 8-12 parts of grifola umbellata, 8-12 parts of poria cocos, 8-12 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 8-12 parts of radix rehmanniae recen and 8-12 parts.

2. The feed additive for mandarin fish of claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of mulberry twig, 12 parts of radix bupleuri, 10 parts of cassia twig, 10 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 10 parts of allium macrostemon, 10 parts of immature bitter orange, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 10 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 10 parts of poria cocos, 10 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 10 parts of radix rehmanniae recen and.

3. The method for preparing the mandarin fish feed additive of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, crushing and sieving the ramulus mori to obtain ramulus mori powder, performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the ramulus mori powder by using 65-75% ethanol, and separating filtrate and filter residue; then carrying out hot water ultrasonic leaching on the filter residue for 2-3 times, wherein each time is 20-40 min, and the extraction temperature is 75-85 ℃; mixing the filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, spray drying at low temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain ramulus Mori extract;

s2, weighing the rest raw materials except the ramulus mori, mixing, crushing, mixing with water, and soaking at normal temperature for 1-3 hours; heating and boiling after soaking, continuously decocting with slow fire for 30min, and separating the medicament and the medicine residues; and then mixing the decoction dregs and water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 10-15, decocting for 30min, separating medicinal materials and residues, and repeating for 1-2 times; mixing the separated medicinal preparations, concentrating under reduced pressure, spray drying at low temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain Chinese medicinal extract;

s3, mixing the ramulus mori extract with the traditional Chinese medicine extract to obtain the mandarin fish feed additive.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of ethanol in step S1 is 70%.

5. The method for preparing the mandarin fish feed additive of claim 3, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the ramulus mori powder to the ethanol is 1: 20.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the hot water ultrasonic leaching is performed in step S1, wherein the ratio of the filter residue to the water is 1: 20.

7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the raw material to water in step S2 is 1: 10-15.

8. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the production of mandarin fish feed, wherein the feed additive is added to the feed in an amount of 0.01% to 0.05% by weight based on the total weight of the feed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed additives, and particularly relates to a mandarin fish feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The mandarin fish (mandarin fish) is a high-grade freshwater aquaculture variety, and is deeply favored by consumers due to the characteristics of tender meat quality, low cholesterol, extremely high nutritional value and the like. According to the data of 'Chinese fishery statistics yearbook 2019', the yield of the mandarin fish in 2018 nationwide is 31.6 million tons, and the yield value is about 200 million yuan. The mandarin fish culture history is long, the mandarin fish culture has narrow feeding ability for predating live fishes and shrimps for the whole life, and in recent years, artificial feed is utilized for domesticating the mandarin fish and achieving certain success (the success rate of hybrid mandarin fish is 70%) for the purposes of reducing pathogenic bacteria infection carried by live baits or iced fresh fishes, improving the economic benefit of mandarin fish culture and the like. For example, patent CN103392945B discloses a mandarin fish feed, which is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-250 parts of bean cake powder, 150 parts of shrimp meal, 150 parts of blood worm powder, 150 parts of sweet corn protein powder, 45-60 parts of rice bran powder, 40-50 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 10-20 parts of cod liver oil, 15-20 parts of palm oil, 20-30 parts of alfalfa powder, 30-40 parts of bone meal, 8-20 parts of vitamin C15, 6-9 parts of compound vitamin B, 8-10 parts of vitamin D salt, 3-5 parts of carotenoid, 8-10 parts of mineral additive, 15-20 parts of choline chloride, 5-8 parts of emulsifier and 5-10 parts of mildew preventive. However, after the mandarin fish is changed from live bait feeding to artificial feed cultivation, because the compound feed has high fat and protein content, and the vegetal raw materials contain carbohydrate substances with poor digestion and metabolism capability of the mandarin fish such as starch and the like, and the nutrient composition of the compound feed is greatly different from that of live baits such as mandarin fish favored dace and the like, the problems of high domestication difficulty of the artificial feed, serious gastrointestinal burden of the mandarin fish, abnormal glycolipid metabolism, reduced immunity, serious hepatobiliary syndrome and the like exist.

A large number of mulberry branches can be generated during fruit mulberry tree cultivation or 2-cutting every year, an effective utilization mode is not found at present, and most mulberry branches are discarded among ridges of a field garden, so that great resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. The mulberry twig is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, contains active components such as mulberry twig polysaccharide, flavonoid, alkaloid and the like, and has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting oxidation, reducing blood sugar and fat and the like. In recent years, with the breakthrough development of the research on the food and medicine of the silkworm resource, the research on the active substances of the mulberry branches and the extraction technology are mature, so that the extraction of the active substances by utilizing the waste mulberry branches and the use of the extracted active substances as a functional feed additive have important significance.

In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine is gradually applied to animal breeding due to the characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, low toxic and side effects and the like, and the subjects and the industries of traditional Chinese veterinary medicines are newly raised. The traditional Chinese medicines or formulas such as codonopsis pilosula, astragalus mongholicus, four-pasture soup, four-monarch-seed soup and the like have good application effects in livestock and poultry breeding, and with the implementation of feed resistance banning in China, the traditional Chinese medicines have to play a greater role in the healthy breeding of livestock, poultry and aquatic products.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mandarin fish feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the mandarin fish feed additive specifically comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of mulberry twig, 10-15 parts of radix bupleuri, 8-12 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 8-12 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 8-12 parts of allium macrostemon, 8-12 parts of immature bitter orange, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 8-12 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 8-12 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 8-12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 8-12 parts of grifola umbellata, 8-12 parts of poria cocos, 8-12 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 8-12 parts of radix rehmanniae recen and 8-12 parts.

The ramulus mori has the functions of resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, and reducing blood sugar and blood fat, so that the problems of serious gastrointestinal burden and abnormal glycolipid metabolism of the mandarin fish caused by artificial feed cultivation can be solved, and simultaneously, a plurality of traditional Chinese medicine components are selected for compounding, and through the mutual synergistic effect of the components, the blood sugar and the blood fat of the mandarin fish can be effectively regulated, the immunity of the mandarin fish body is remarkably improved, so that the growth speed and the survival rate of the mandarin fish are improved, and the cultivation output is enhanced.

Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of mulberry twig, 12 parts of radix bupleuri, 10 parts of cassia twig, 10 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 10 parts of allium macrostemon, 10 parts of immature bitter orange, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 10 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 10 parts of poria cocos, 10 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 10 parts of radix rehmanniae recen and.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the mandarin fish feed additive, which comprises the following steps:

s1, crushing and sieving the ramulus mori to obtain ramulus mori powder, performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the ramulus mori powder by using 65-75% ethanol, and separating filtrate and filter residue; then carrying out hot water ultrasonic leaching on the filter residue for 2-3 times, wherein each time is 20-40 min, and the extraction temperature is 75-85 ℃; mixing the filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, spray drying at low temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain ramulus Mori extract;

s2, weighing the rest raw materials except the ramulus mori, mixing, crushing, mixing with water, and soaking at normal temperature for 1-3 hours; heating and boiling after soaking, continuously decocting with slow fire for 30min, and separating the medicament and the medicine residues; and then mixing the decoction dregs and water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 10-15, decocting for 30min, separating medicinal materials and residues, and repeating for 1-2 times; mixing the separated medicinal preparations, concentrating under reduced pressure, spray drying at low temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain Chinese medicinal extract;

s3, mixing the ramulus mori extract with the traditional Chinese medicine extract to obtain the mandarin fish feed additive.

Preferably, the ethanol concentration in step S1 is 70%.

Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the mulberry twig powder to the ethanol is 1: 20.

Preferably, when the hot water ultrasonic leaching is performed in the step S1, the material-liquid ratio of the filter residue to the water is 1: 20.

Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the raw material to the water in the step S2 is 1: 10-15.

The invention also provides an application of the feed additive in production of the mandarin fish feed, wherein the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 0.01-0.05% of the total weight of the feed. 0.01 to 0.03 percent of feed additive is added into the mandarin fish feed for prevention and health care; for mandarin fish with symptoms, 0.03-0.05% of feed additive is added into feed for adjuvant treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, ramulus mori with the functions of regulating glycolipid metabolism, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation and various traditional Chinese medicine substances capable of comprehensively improving the immunity of an organism are jointly applied, the proportion of each substance is regulated, the substances are enabled to play a synergistic effect, and the substances are added into the feed of the mandarin fish as a feed additive, so that the glycolipid metabolism of the mandarin fish can be effectively regulated, the immunity of the mandarin fish is obviously enhanced, and the growth speed and the survival rate of the mandarin fish are obviously improved; meanwhile, the feed additive is simple in preparation method, pure and natural in components, free of harm to human health and suitable for large-scale popularization and use.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The preparation method of the feed additive in each embodiment of the invention is the same as that in the comparative example, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a mulberry twig extract: s1, carrying out coarse powder and fine powder on the ramulus mori, sieving the obtained ramulus mori with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain ramulus mori powder, and mixing the ramulus mori powder with 70% ethanol according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 20(g/mL), performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 20min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 800w, and then separating filtrate and filter residue;

s2, carrying out hot water ultrasonic leaching on the filter residue obtained in the step S1 for 30min, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the filter residue to water is 1:20(g/mL), the extraction temperature is 80 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 800w, and then separating filtrate and the filter residue;

s3, carrying out hot water ultrasonic leaching on the filter residue obtained in the step S2 again according to the method in the step S2, and separating filtrate and filter residue;

s4, mixing the filtrates obtained in the steps S1, S2 and S3, concentrating under reduced pressure, spray drying at low temperature, pulverizing, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain ramulus Mori extract containing ramulus Mori polysaccharide, flavone, alkaloid, etc.

(2) Preparing a traditional Chinese medicine extract: s1, weighing the materials except the ramulus mori according to the formula, mixing, putting into a grinder, fully grinding and grinding to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder, mixing the traditional Chinese medicine powder and water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:12(g/mL), and soaking at normal temperature for 1-3 h;

s2, soaking, heating to boil, decocting with slow fire for 30min, and separating the medicine and the medicine residue;

s3, mixing the medicine residues with water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:12(g/mL) for 30min, separating the medicament and the dregs, and repeating the step once;

s4, mixing the medicaments obtained in the three times, then concentrating under reduced pressure, carrying out spray drying at low temperature, crushing and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract.

(3) Preparing a feed additive: mixing the prepared traditional Chinese medicine extract and the mulberry twig extract to obtain the feed additive, and directly adding the feed additive into feed.