Fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance and preparation method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种促生长提高抵抗力的发酵中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 (Fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance and preparation method thereof ) 是由 徐邦伟 王勇 于 2020-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种促生长提高抵抗力的发酵中药饲料添加剂,由下述重量份的中药原料经过发酵制成：黄芪8-11份、当归5-8份、党参11-13份、白术8-9份、山药5-10份、山楂6-10份、麦芽10-12份、苍术7-8份、甘草9-13份、鸡冠花8-10份。本发明还公开了上述添加剂的制备方法。本发明制备的饲料添加剂添加到畜禽饲料中,可以显著促进畜禽生长,提高日增重,并且提高畜禽的免疫功能和肉品品质。(The invention discloses a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance, which is prepared by fermenting the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight: 8-11 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of angelica sinensis, 11-13 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 8-9 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 6-10 parts of hawthorn, 10-12 parts of malt, 7-8 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 9-13 parts of liquorice and 8-10 parts of cockscomb. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the additive. The feed additive prepared by the invention is added into livestock and poultry feed, can obviously promote the growth of livestock and poultry, improve the daily gain, and improve the immunologic function and meat quality of the livestock and poultry.)
1. A fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance is characterized by being prepared by fermenting the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight:
8-11 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of angelica sinensis, 11-13 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 8-9 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 6-10 parts of hawthorn, 10-12 parts of malt, 7-8 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 9-13 parts of liquorice and 8-10 parts of cockscomb.
2. The fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 1, wherein the additive is prepared by fermenting the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of astragalus, 6 parts of angelica, 12 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 8 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 7 parts of Chinese yam, 8 parts of hawthorn, 11 parts of malt, 7 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 11 parts of liquorice and 9 parts of cockscomb.
3. The fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the microbial inoculum for fermentation is a compound bacteria liquid, the compound bacteria liquid contains trichoderma, melanomyces and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 0.5-1.0 x 109CFU/mL, the concentration of black mold is 0.5-1.0 × 109CFU/mL, trichoderma concentration of 0.5-1.0 × 109CFU/mL。
4. A method for preparing a growth-promoting and resistance-enhancing fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials according to the weight, chopping, uniformly mixing, and putting into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment to obtain a pretreated mixture;
(2) crushing and sieving the pretreatment mixture to obtain pretreatment mixture powder;
(3) uniformly mixing the composite bacteria liquid, the fermentation culture medium and the pretreated mixture powder, and performing closed anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 34-36 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation product with a proper amount of acetic acid and lipase, reacting for 2-4h at 38-45 ℃, and then drying to obtain the product.
5. The method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the pressure of the steam explosion treatment is 1-1.5MPa, and the time is 3-5 min.
6. The method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the grain size of the pre-treatment mixture powder is 80-100 meshes.
7. The preparation method of the growth-promoting and resistance-improving fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the weight ratio of the composite bacteria liquid, the fermentation medium and the pretreatment mixture powder is (0.05-0.07): (20-30): (10-15).
8. The method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 4, wherein the method for preparing the fermentation culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing 2.5-3.5g glucose, 8-12g peptone, 4-6g yeast extract, 1.5-2.5g K2HPO4、0.15-0.25g MgSO4·H2And O, adding a proper amount of water to dissolve, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and then fixing the volume to 1000 mL.
9. The method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the ratio of the fermentation product, acetic acid and lipase is (30-50) g: (1-2) mL: (0.01-0.05) g, the lipase is at least one of Aspergillus niger lipase, Mucor lipase, Penicillium lipase and yeast lipase, and the enzyme activity is 5000-15000U/g.
10. The method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the large-scale and intensive development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, antibiotics serving as feed additives promote the growth of animals and improve the body immunity of the animals are used in large quantities. The long-term use of the feed causes the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria to be enhanced, and the human beings also can cause poisoning and other hazards after eating animal products with overproof antibiotic residues. Therefore, the search for new green, pollution-free feed additives has become a necessary trend.
The fermented traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of no drug resistance, no drug residue, no pollution, various functions and the like, and becomes a hot point of research in recent years. The traditional Chinese medicine contains a plurality of active ingredients, has wide influence on the production performance and immunity of animals, and is a good substitute of antibiotics. The probiotics are nontoxic and have unique physiological effect, and can adjust the balance of intestinal flora, provide abundant small peptides, vitamins and other nutrients for organisms, and improve the oxidation resistance and immunity of the organisms. The fermentation of the traditional Chinese medicine organically combines the two, utilizes beneficial flora to ferment the traditional Chinese medicine, increases the release amount of active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine, has a large amount of active enzyme in fermentation liquor, can adjust immune function after being absorbed by organisms, enhances resistance, exerts the drug effect of the traditional Chinese medicine, and simultaneously can decompose toxic ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine and reduce the damage of the medicine to animal organisms.
The problem of feed safety is widely concerned with the rapid development of the feed industry, and fermented traditional Chinese medicines with no public nuisance, pure nature, no antibiotic residue and comprehensive functions become a hotspot of research. The probiotic fermented traditional Chinese medicine has important influence on enhancing the curative effect, promoting the production performance of animals, reducing the feed cost, enhancing the immune function of organisms and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance is prepared by fermenting the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight:
8-11 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of angelica sinensis, 11-13 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 8-9 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 6-10 parts of hawthorn, 10-12 parts of malt, 7-8 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 9-13 parts of liquorice and 8-10 parts of cockscomb.
Preferably, the fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance is prepared by fermenting the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of astragalus, 6 parts of angelica, 12 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 8 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 7 parts of Chinese yam, 8 parts of hawthorn, 11 parts of malt, 7 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 11 parts of liquorice and 9 parts of cockscomb.
Preferably, the microbial inoculum used for fermentation is a compound bacteria liquid, the compound bacteria liquid contains trichoderma, aspergillus niger and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the concentration of the trichoderma is 0.5-1.0 × 109CFU/mL, the concentration of black mold is 0.5-1.0 × 109CFU/mL, trichoderma concentration of 0.5-1.0 × 109CFU/mL。
The preparation method of the fermented traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for promoting growth and improving resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials according to the weight, chopping, uniformly mixing, and putting into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment to obtain a pretreated mixture;
(2) crushing and sieving the pretreatment mixture to obtain pretreatment mixture powder;
(3) uniformly mixing the composite bacteria liquid, the fermentation culture medium and the pretreated mixture powder, and performing closed anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 34-36 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation product with a proper amount of acetic acid and lipase, reacting for 2-4h at 38-45 ℃, and then drying to obtain the product.
Preferably, in the step (1), the pressure of the steam explosion treatment is 1-1.5MPa, and the time is 3-5 min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the particle size of the pre-treatment mixture powder is 80-100 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the composite bacteria liquid, the fermentation medium and the pretreated mixture powder is (0.05-0.07): (20-30): (10-15).
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermentation medium comprises the following steps: weighing 2.5-3.5g glucose, 8-12g peptone, 4-6g yeast extract, 1.5-2.5g K2HPO4、0.15-0.25g MgSO4·H2And O, adding a proper amount of water to dissolve, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and then fixing the volume to 1000 mL.
Preferably, in the step (4), the ratio of the fermentation product, acetic acid and lipase is (30-50) g: (1-2) mL: (0.01-0.05) g, the lipase is at least one of Aspergillus niger lipase, Mucor lipase, Penicillium lipase and yeast lipase, and the enzyme activity is 5000-15000U/g.
Preferably, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention adopts a reasonable formula of traditional Chinese medicine raw materials such as astragalus, angelica, codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, Chinese yam, hawthorn, malt, rhizoma atractylodis and the like. Wherein, the astragalus can directly influence the metabolism in cells, induce the cells of the organism to generate related factors, enhance the specific and nonspecific immunity of the organism, play the role of immunoregulation in a multi-level way, increase the specific volume or the hemoglobin content of red blood cells and increase the number of the red blood cells; the codonopsis pilosula has the functions of tonifying vital qi, strengthening the immunity and disease resistance, and obviously strengthening the nonspecific immunity function, the humoral immunity function, the cellular immunity function and the interleukin; the fructus crataegi and fructus Hordei Germinatus have the effects of regulating qi-flowing, resolving food stagnation, invigorating spleen, and invigorating stomach. The palatability of the feed can be improved, the appetite of animals is improved, the conversion rate of the feed is improved, and the quality of animal products is improved; through reasonable compatibility of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, complementary effects of different action mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicines can be exerted, daily gain can be improved, feed cost can be reduced, body resistance can be improved, the integral regulation function of the body can be enhanced, and accordingly growth of livestock and poultry can be effectively promoted and the body resistance can be enhanced.
(2) In the process for preparing the additive, the compound bacteria consisting of the reasonable compatibility of the trichoderma, the melanomyces and the lactic acid bacteria are adopted to ferment the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, the compound bacteria can generate a plurality of enzymes and a plurality of secondary metabolites in the fermentation process, the products can enable the structure of the traditional Chinese medicine to generate hydroxylation or dehydrogenation reaction, so that the medicine property is changed, the medicine effect is improved, and a new treatment effect is generated, meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine and the microorganism effect are converted into components which are convenient to absorb and utilize by an organism, the micro-ecological environment of the organism is improved, the health care effect and the curative effect are improved, and the growth promoting capability and the disease resistance effect of the additive are.
(3) The invention creatively introduces the steam explosion pretreatment and the lipase esterification process on the basis of the traditional fermentation process to form a combined preparation process of steam explosion pretreatment-composite bacteria fermentation-lipase esterification, wherein the steam explosion pretreatment is firstly carried out, so that the internal structure of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials is looser, the specific surface area is greatly improved, the number of active groups and reaction active sites are increased, the contact chance of reactants and a catalyst is increased, the composite bacteria fermentation can generate a large amount of active hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials and release a large amount of active substances such as polysaccharide and the like in the raw materials, so that the active substances are easier to be absorbed and utilized by organisms, the antioxidation and growth promotion activity of the fermentation products is improved, the acetic acid and the lipase are added to carry out the biocatalytic esterification on the fermentation products, and the activity of the enzymatic esterification reaction is improved on the basis of the previous two steps, more medicinal material surface active hydroxyl and released polysaccharide active substances participate in esterification reaction, partial ester group is generated on the surface of the medicinal material, and partial acetic acid of the polysaccharide is esterified, so that the antioxidant activity and the immunocompetence of the polysaccharide active substances can be improved, partial hydroxyl can be converted into ester group, the stimulation of the medicinal material to the gastrointestinal tract is reduced, the absorption of the gastrointestinal tract is promoted, and the capabilities of promoting the growth and improving the immunity of the additive are better exerted.
In conclusion, the formula is selected and the preparation process is optimized, so that the prepared feed additive is added into the livestock feed, the growth of the livestock can be remarkably promoted, the daily gain is increased, and the immune function and the meat quality of the livestock are improved.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, the Lipase used was Aspergillus niger Lipase (Amano Lipase A), the enzyme activity was 12000U/g, CAS NO: 9001-62-1, available from Aldrich.