阅读说明：本技术 黄梁木叶粉作为青贮饲料添加剂及其在柱花草青贮的应用 (Huanglianmu leaf powder as silage additive and application thereof in stylosanthes guianensis silage ) 是由 陈晓阳 张庆 周玮 王成 吕竑建 于 2020-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及饲料加工技术领域,具体涉及黄梁木叶粉作为青贮饲料添加剂及其在柱花草青贮的应用。本发明采用黄梁木叶粉作为青贮饲料添加剂,添加至柱花草青贮饲料中,可以降低花草青贮饲料的含水量,显著减低了青贮饲料的pH值、丙酸含量以及非蛋白氮和氨态氮的含量,显著提高了乳酸菌数量、乳酸含量、粗蛋白以及真蛋白的含量,对于柱花草青贮品质的提升和营养成分的保护有明显的改善效果；能使制得的柱花草青贮饲料保持柱花草营养特定,营养丰富,且气味醇香、柔软多汁、适口性好,提高柱花草青贮饲料的品质；且黄梁木叶粉廉价易得,操作简单方便。(The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a Huanglian wood leaf powder used as an additive of silage and application thereof in stylosanthes guianensis silage. The invention adopts the yellow bridge wood leaf powder as the silage additive, and the yellow bridge wood leaf powder is added into the stylosanthes guianensis silage, so that the water content of the stylosanthes guianensis silage can be reduced, the pH value and the propionic acid content of the silage and the contents of non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are obviously reduced, the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid content, the content of crude protein and the content of true protein are obviously improved, and the improvement effect on the stylosanthes guianensis silage quality and the protection of nutrient components is obviously improved; the prepared stylosanthes guianensis silage keeps the stylosanthes guianensis specific nutrition, is rich in nutrition, mellow in smell, soft and juicy, has good palatability, and improves the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage; and the yellow-wood leaf powder is cheap and easy to obtain, and the operation is simple and convenient.)

1. Application of the powder of the leaves of the yellow-bridge wood as silage additive.

2. The stylosanthes guianensis silage is characterized in that: the stylosanthes guianensis silage comprises stylosanthes guianensis and a silage additive, wherein the silage additive comprises yellow bridge wood leaf powder.

3. The stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the water content of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaf powder is 0 percent, and the mesh number is less than 20 meshes.

4. The stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the yellow-leaved yellowbeam powder comprises the following steps: cutting the leaves of the tiarella amurensis into sections, drying the cut leaves to be completely dry, crushing the leaves, sieving the crushed leaves with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain powder of the tiarella amurensis leaves, and finally drying and storing the powder for later use.

5. The stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: cutting into small segments of 2.5-3.0 cm; the temperature of the drying treatment is 60-70 ℃.

6. The stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the additive amount of the silage additive is 3-12% of the total weight of the stylosanthes guianensis.

7. The stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the silage additive also comprises at least one of wheat bran, rice bran, urea and salt.

8. A method of preparing a stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that: adding the silage additive into the stylosanthes guianensis, mixing uniformly, sealing, and storing at room temperature.

9. The method for preparing stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the silage additive is cut into 2-3cm lengths before being added to the stylosanthes guianensis.

10. The method for preparing stylosanthes guianensis silage as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sealing treatment is bag sealing, barreling sealing or bundling sealing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a Huanglian wood leaf powder used as an additive of silage and application thereof in stylosanthes guianensis silage.

Background

With the improvement of the living standard of China, the consumption and intake of meat, eggs and milk animal products of residents are increased year by year. However, the problem of feed shortage is a key element limiting the rapid development of the livestock industry. The expansion of feed resources, the improvement of the utilization rate of the feed and the reduction of the loss of the feed in the storage and transportation processes are important measures for relieving the current feed shortage problem.

Stylosanthes guianensis (also called tropical alfalfa) is rich in nutrients, rich in various amino acids and trace elements and good in palatability, so that the Stylosanthes guianensis is an important leguminous pasture in tropical and subtropical regions in China at present, and the pasture pattern of northern alfalfa and southern alfalfa is gradually formed. However, the southern climate is humid at high temperature and is rainy, and the stylosanthes guianensis is difficult to preserve for a long time after being mown. Therefore, a suitable processing and storage method is based on the premise of utilizing stylosanthes guianensis. The forage grass processing and storing modes mainly comprise three modes of dry storage, yellow storage and silage, wherein the silage is characterized in that green feed is cut into pieces and then is subjected to fermentation action of lactic acid bacteria under the closed anoxic condition, the pH value of a silage additive can be quickly reduced, the anaerobic environment of the silage additive is maintained, and the growth and the reproduction of harmful microorganisms are inhibited, so that the purpose of storing the feed for a long time is achieved. The silage additive has the advantages of storage resistance, softness, succulence and contribution to digestion and absorption of animals, and is widely used in animal production. Therefore, the preparation of the silage additive is also an effective measure for relieving the forage deficiency of the livestock in winter and spring.

However, in the process of ensiling the stylosanthes guianensis, the pH of the ensiling feed additive cannot be rapidly reduced due to insufficient attached lactic acid bacteria, so that harmful bacteria (mainly clostridium bacteria) utilize soluble sugar and nitrogen sources to generate butyric acid and non-protein nitrogen, and nutrient loss is caused. Many studies have shown that the use of silage additives can improve the silage quality of stylosanthes. The silage additive has the functions of inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, quickly acidifying and preventing decay, and mainly comprises a biological additive and a chemical additive. Lactic acid bacteria are the most commonly used biological additives, and can rapidly utilize fermentation substrates in the early stage of ensiling to generate lactic acid, reduce the pH value, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and achieve the purpose of preserving feed. The commonly used chemical additives are mainly acids, such as formic acid, citric acid and the like, which are mainly used for rapidly reducing the pH value of the silage additive to achieve the aim of inhibiting fermentation. The biological additive and the chemical additive are not easy to obtain and expensive, and the cost of the stylosanthes guianensis ensiling is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of large nutrient loss, easy decay and the like in the existing stylosanthes guianensis ensiling process in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide the phellodendron amurense rupr leaf powder as an ensiling feed additive, which can reduce the water content in plants, and the active ingredients in the phellodendron amurense rupr leaf powder can inhibit the growth of bacteria in the ensiling feed, thereby achieving the purpose of preserving biomass.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a stylosanthes guianensis silage, wherein the silage additive in the forage adopts the yellow bridge wood leaf powder, so that the water content in the stylosanthes guianensis can be reduced, the pH value, the propionic acid content and the non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the silage are obviously reduced, the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid content, the crude protein content and the true protein content are obviously increased, and the forage has obvious improvement effects on the improvement of the stylosanthes guianensis silage quality and the protection of nutritional ingredients.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of stylosanthes guianensis silage, which is simple to operate, can keep the specific nutrition of stylosanthes guianensis, is rich in nutrition, mellow in smell, soft and juicy, has good palatability, and can be suitable for large-scale preparation.

The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the application of the powder of the leaves of the yellow bridge wood as the silage additive; can reduce the water content in the plant, and the active ingredients in the phellodendron amurense leaf powder can inhibit the growth of bacteria in the silage, thereby achieving the purpose of preserving the biomass.

The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the stylosanthes guianensis silage comprises stylosanthes guianensis and a silage additive, and the silage additive comprises yellow bridge wood leaf powder.

For the problems of large nutrient loss, easy decay and the like in the existing stylosanthes guianensis ensiling process, the technology adopts an additive ensiling method to achieve the effect of preserving biological nutrition. The main difficulty of directly ensiling the stylosanthes guianensis is that the fresh sample has high water content and insufficient sugar content, and the attached lactic acid bacteria are insufficient and harmful bacteria are more, so that the technology adopts the powder of the leaves of the tiarella guianensis as the ensiling feed additive, compared with the traditional ensiling feed additive, the powder of the leaves of the tiarella guianensis can reduce the water content in the stylosanthes guianensis, and meanwhile, the active ingredients in the tiarella guianensis can inhibit the growth of the bacteria in the ensiling feed additive, thereby achieving the purpose of preserving the biomass.

The trabeckia chinensis (also called as a clitocybe japonica) is rich in active substances such as alkaloid, flavone, terpenoid, polyphenol and the like, has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, stopping diarrhea and the like, and has potential utilization value in the aspect of maintaining the health of animals. In the existing research, the trabeckia chinensis is mainly used as a feed raw material or an extract thereof, but the application of the trabeckia chinensis leaf powder as a silage additive is rarely researched. The inventor finds that the travertine leaf powder serving as the silage additive can obviously improve the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage, and compared with the traditional silage additive, the travertine leaf powder is cheap and easy to obtain, is safe and simple to operate, and can be used as a substitute of a novel silage additive.

The technology can better keep the nutritional characteristics of the stylosanthes guianensis by adding the trawberry leaf powder into the stylosanthes guianensis silage, and has the advantages of rich nutrition, mellow smell, softness, juiciness and good palatability. On the other hand, the problem that the southern stylosanthes guianensis resources are not easy to store is solved, the large-scale development of the stylosanthes guianensis can be realized, and the feed resources are expanded; and the forage grass can be ensiled in spring for the forage grass animals to eat in summer, which is beneficial to solving the problem of forage grass gaps of the forage grass animals in spring and summer in southern areas. Meanwhile, as a woody plant, the effective utilization of the yellow-wood leaf powder can further expand the feed resources and alleviate the problem of feed shortage in China.

Preferably, the water content of the yellow-leaved yellowbeam leaf powder is 0 percent, and the mesh number is less than 20 meshes.

The technology strictly controls the water content of the yellow-wood leaf powder to be 0% and is in an absolutely dry state, so that the growth and breeding of bacteria caused by water are avoided; and the mesh number is strictly controlled to be less than 20 meshes, so that the dispersion uniformity of the phellodendron amurense leaf powder in the stylosanthes guianensis ensilage can be improved.

Preferably, the preparation of the yellow bridge wood leaf powder comprises the following steps: cutting off the leaves of the tiarella amurensis into small sections of 2.5-3.0cm, drying at 60-70 ℃ after cutting, crushing, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain powder of the tiarella amurensis leaves, and finally drying and storing for later use.

According to the technology, the yellow-girder wood leaves are cut into small sections with specific lengths, so that the subsequent drying speed of the yellow-girder wood leaves can be increased, the drying time is shortened, the energy consumption is saved, and the drying effect is improved; after being dried to an absolute dry state, the materials are crushed, so that the crushing effect can be improved, and the dispersion uniformity of the crushed yellow-roof beam wood leaf powder in the stylosanthes guianensis silage is improved.

Preferably, fresh yellow-leaved yellowhorn wood leaves are collected in sunny days, the manual type guillotine is preferably adopted to crush the yellow-leaved yellowhorn wood leaves into small sections of 2.5-3.0cm, the small sections are placed in an electric heating blowing drying oven to be dried, a miniature plant crusher is preferably adopted to crush the dried yellow-leaved yellowhorn wood leaves, and the yellow-leaved yellowhorn wood leaves are placed in a dryer to be stored for later use after being sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

Wherein, the collection of the stylosanthes guianensis is to mow the 3-5cm position of the stem section from the ground, cut the stylosanthes guianensis into 2-3cm length by a hand-operated guillotine, and mix uniformly for standby.

Preferably, the silage additive is added in an amount of 3-12% of the total weight of the stylosanthes guianensis.

The technology can obviously reduce the pH value, the propionic acid content and the non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the silage and obviously improve the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid content, the crude protein content and the true protein content by strictly controlling the addition amount of the silage additive. The method has obvious improvement effect on the improvement of the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage and the protection of the nutrient components.

Preferably, the silage additive further comprises at least one of wheat bran, rice bran, urea and salt.

The silage additive adopted by the technology can improve the nutrient content of the silage and inhibit the growth of bacteria; wherein the urea is capable of increasing the protamine content of the silage and inhibiting the growth of aerobic microorganisms without adversely affecting the appetite and digestive function of the livestock, and preferably the urea is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5% of the silage. The silage raw material is low in water content, thick and hard in texture and difficult for cell seepage, the cellular fluid seepage can be promoted by adding the salt, the lactobacillus fermentation is facilitated, certain toxins can be destroyed by adding the salt, the palatability of the feed is improved, and preferably, the adding amount of the salt is 0.3-0.5%.

The third purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of the stylosanthes guianensis silage comprises the steps of adding the silage additive into stylosanthes guianensis, uniformly mixing, sealing, and storing at room temperature.

Preferably, the silage additive is cut into a length of 2-3cm before being added to the stylosanthes guianensis.

Preferably, the sealing treatment is a pouch seal, a drum seal or a bundle seal.

The technology mainly aims to introduce the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaf powder into the silage additive, improve the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage, and simultaneously adopt other silage additives for use. The technology emphasizes on the improvement of the quality of the silage compared with the addition of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaf powder through research and experiments, the experimental period is 60 days, and the contents of dry substances, pH values, the number of lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid, propionic acid, crude protein, true protein, non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of the stylosanthes guianensis silage are measured after 60 days.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the phellodendron amurense leaf powder as the silage additive, can reduce the water content in plants, and the active ingredients in the phellodendron amurense leaf powder can inhibit the growth of bacteria in silage, thereby achieving the purpose of preserving biomass.

In the stylosanthes guianensis silage, the silage additive adopts the yellow bridge wood leaf powder, so that the water content in the stylosanthes guianensis can be reduced, the pH value, the propionic acid content and the non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the silage are obviously reduced, the quantity of lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid content, the crude protein content and the true protein content are obviously increased, and the improvement effect on the stylosanthes guianensis silage quality and the protection of nutritional ingredients is obviously improved.

The preparation method of the stylosanthes guianensis silage is simple to operate, and the phellodendron chinense leaf powder is introduced into the silage additive, so that the prepared stylosanthes guianensis silage keeps the stylosanthes guianensis nutrition special, is rich in nutrition, mellow in smell, soft and juicy, has good palatability, improves the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage, and is suitable for large-scale preparation; and the yellow-wood leaf powder is cheap and easy to obtain, and the operation is simple and convenient.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples for facilitating understanding of those skilled in the art, and the description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.

The technology emphasizes the improvement of the quality of the silage compared with the addition of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaf powder through research and experiments, wherein the experimental period is 60 days (example 1-2) and 120 days (example 3-4), and the dry matter, the pH value, the number of lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid, the propionic acid, the crude protein, the true protein, the non-protein nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen content of the stylosanthes guianensis silage are measured after 60 days and 120 days.

The variety of the stylosanthes guianensis and the species of the phellodendron amurense have no special limitation, in the experimental process of the technology, the stylosanthes guianensis and the phellodendron amurense are collected in the north test field of the Xinlin of the south China agricultural university, and watering and fertilizing are not carried out in the material planting process.

There is no particular limitation on the growth stages of the harvested Stylosanthes guianensis and Stylosanthes guianensis, the Stylosanthes guianensis in examples 1 and 2 are harvested in the second crop of growth, the Stylosanthes guianensis in examples 3 and 4 are harvested in the fourth crop of growth, and the Stylosanthes guianensis is harvested directly from the trees grown in two years.

And examples 3-4 are repeated experiments aiming at examples 1-2 to verify the authenticity of the effect of yellow added beam wood leaf powder on improving the quality of the stylosanthes guianensis silage.

Preparation example

Preparation example 1

Preparing the powder of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaves: collecting fresh leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn, cutting into 2-3cm long pieces with a manual guillotine, and drying in an electric heating blowing drying oven at 65 deg.C for 48 hr until the leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn are completely dried. Crushing the dried leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn by using a miniature plant crusher, sieving the leaf powder by a 20-mesh sieve, and storing in a drier for later use.

Preparation example 2

Preparing the powder of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaves: collecting fresh leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn, cutting into 2-3cm long pieces with a manual guillotine, and drying in an electric heating blowing drying oven at 60 deg.C for 48 hr until the leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn are completely dried. Crushing the dried leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn by using a miniature plant crusher, sieving the leaf powder by a 20-mesh sieve, and storing in a drier for later use.

Preparation example 3

Preparing the powder of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn leaves: collecting fresh leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn, cutting into 2-3cm long pieces with a manual guillotine, and drying in an electric heating blowing drying oven at 70 deg.C for 48 hr until the leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn are completely dried. Crushing the dried leaves of the yellow-leaved yellowhorn by using a miniature plant crusher, sieving the leaf powder by a 20-mesh sieve, and storing in a drier for later use.

Preparation example 4

Collecting and pretreating stylosanthes guianensis: cutting stylosanthes guianensis at 3-5cm from the ground, cutting stylosanthes guianensis into 2-3cm long with a hand-operated chopper, and mixing well for later use.