阅读说明：本技术 一种轨道交通车辆车钩缓冲吸能装置 (Rail transit car coupler buffering energy-absorbing device ) 是由 廖家鹏 蒋忠城 张俊 *** 江大发 于 2020-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种轨道交通车辆车钩缓冲吸能装置。所述吸能装置包括牵引杆和拉杆；所述拉杆与牵引杆之间通过导向杆相连,所述牵引杆朝向车钩尾座的一端装有涨块；在导向杆外套设有压溃管,压溃管的一端与所述拉杆的一个端面抵接,压溃管的另一端形成与所述涨块抵接的斜面环；所述导向杆靠近拉杆的端部具有支撑台,该支撑台的外周面与压溃管内壁面贴合；所述压溃管包括套设的两层或多层薄壁管。本发明的吸能装置提高了压溃管的碰撞吸能量,优化吸能行为。(The invention discloses a buffer energy absorption device for a coupler of a rail transit vehicle. The energy absorption device comprises a draw bar and a draw bar; the draw bar is connected with the draw bar through a guide rod, and one end of the draw bar, which faces to the tail seat of the coupler, is provided with an expansion block; a crushing pipe is sleeved outside the guide rod, one end of the crushing pipe is abutted to one end face of the pull rod, and the other end of the crushing pipe forms an inclined plane ring abutted to the expansion block; the end part of the guide rod close to the pull rod is provided with a supporting table, and the outer peripheral surface of the supporting table is attached to the inner wall surface of the crushing pipe; the crushing pipe comprises two or more layers of thin-walled pipes which are sleeved. The energy absorption device provided by the invention improves the collision energy absorption of the crushing pipe and optimizes the energy absorption behavior.)

1. A buffer energy absorption device for a coupler of a rail transit vehicle comprises a draw bar (1) connected to a coupler head (7) of the coupler and a draw bar (5) connected to a tail seat (8) of the coupler; the coupler tailstock is characterized in that the pull rod (5) is connected with the pull rod (1) through a guide rod (10), and one end, facing the coupler tailstock (8), of the pull rod (1) is provided with an expansion block (2);

a crushing pipe is sleeved outside the guide rod (10), one end of the crushing pipe is abutted against one end face of the pull rod (5), and the other end of the crushing pipe forms an inclined plane ring abutted against the expansion block (2), so that the crushing pipe is radially expanded when the expansion block (2) extrudes the crushing pipe;

the end part of the guide rod (10) close to the pull rod (5) is provided with a support table (11), and the outer peripheral surface of the support table (11) is attached to the inner wall surface of the crushing pipe;

the crushing pipe comprises two or more layers of thin-walled pipes which are sleeved, each layer of thin-walled pipe is a carbon fiber pipe or a metal pipe, the material of the two adjacent layers of thin-walled pipes is different, and the thin wall means that the wall thickness of the pipe is not more than 20 mm.

2. The buffer and energy absorption device for the coupler of the rail transit vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing pipe has two layers, wherein the inner layer (3) of the crushing pipe is a metal pipe, and the outer layer (4) of the crushing pipe is a carbon fiber pipe.

3. The railway transit vehicle coupler buffering and energy absorbing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the metal tube is an aluminum alloy tube.

4. The railway transit vehicle coupler buffering and energy absorbing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal tube is 2-7.5mm, and the thickness of the carbon fiber tube is in a range of 2-15 mm.

5. The buffer and energy absorption device for the coupler of the rail transit vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an epoxy resin layer is arranged between two adjacent layers of thin-walled tubes.

6. A buffer and energy absorption device of a coupler of a rail transit vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein one end of the guide rod (10) extends into the traction rod (1) and is fixedly connected with the traction rod through a snap ring connector.

7. The buffer energy absorption device for the coupler of the rail transit vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein a triggering indicator pin (6) is arranged between the traction rod (1) and the expansion block (2).

8. The buffering and energy absorbing device for the coupler of the rail transit vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one end of the pull rod (5) is fixedly connected with a coupler tailstock (8) through a snap ring connector or a rubber buffer, and the coupler tailstock (8) is fixed on a vehicle body underframe (9).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a buffer energy absorption device for a coupler of a rail transit vehicle, and belongs to the field of vehicle collision.

Background

The requirement of the design of the crashworthiness of the rail transit vehicle is that the vehicle anti-collision system operates according to a reasonable sequence specified by people in the collision process and absorbs collision energy to the maximum extent, so that the safety of passengers and drivers and passengers is protected to the maximum extent, and the damage to the vehicle is reduced.

At present, most rail transit vehicle collision avoidance systems are designed at the front end of a vehicle, mainly comprise a coupler buffer device, an anti-creeper, a cab variable structure and the like, and are a step-by-step energy absorption process. For example, chinese patent No. cn201711487129.x discloses a collision energy absorbing system for a rail train and a rail train, which provide a collision energy absorbing system for a rail train, wherein when a rail train has a relative collision, a coupler buffer device moves toward a train body and forms a collision force-bearing surface together with an anti-climbing device, so as to more effectively absorb collision kinetic energy and provide an anti-climbing function.

The bulging type crushing pipe is a main collision energy absorption structure of the car coupler buffer device and has relatively stable energy absorption capacity. The bulging type crushing pipe mainly comprises an inner ejector rod, an energy-absorbing thin-wall structure and a connecting device between the inner ejector rod and the energy-absorbing thin-wall structure. When the structure is longitudinally impacted, the inner ejector rod extrudes the thin-wall structure, when the impact force reaches the critical strength of the sleeve, the thin-wall structure is subjected to expansion deformation, impact energy is consumed through friction between the inner ejector rod and the thin-wall structure and outward expansion deformation of the thin-wall structure, and the impact buffering effect is achieved on the impacted rail transit vehicle. In order to protect the vehicle body structure from damage, the strength of the crush tube is slightly lower than that of the vehicle body, which also becomes a key factor limiting the energy absorption of the crush tube.

The energy-absorbing thin-wall structure of the bulging type crushing pipe widely adopted at the present stage is made of thin-wall metal, and the bulging deformation energy absorption of the thin-wall structure is mainly utilized, so that the load feedback is slow when the vehicle is impacted by collision, the load fluctuation is large, the impact load borne by the protected vehicle body structure is unstable, the energy absorption is uneven, the energy absorption in unit volume is small, and the like. For example, chinese utility model CN201329871Y discloses an expanding crushing device installed between a coupler coupling part of a draft gear and a mounting suspension system.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem that the car coupler of the rail transit vehicle with the bulging crushing type energy absorption structure is insufficient in energy absorption capacity at present, the invention aims to provide a buffering energy absorption device of the car coupler of the rail transit vehicle.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a buffer energy absorption device for a coupler of a rail transit vehicle comprises a draw bar and a draw bar, wherein the draw bar is connected to a coupler head of the coupler, and the draw bar is connected to a tail seat of the coupler; the coupler tailstock structure is characterized in that the pull rod is connected with the traction rod through a guide rod, and an expansion block is arranged at one end of the traction rod, which faces the coupler tailstock;

a crushing pipe is sleeved outside the guide rod, one end of the crushing pipe is abutted against one end face of the pull rod, and the other end of the crushing pipe forms an inclined plane ring abutted against the expansion block, so that the crushing pipe is radially expanded when the expansion block extrudes the crushing pipe;

the end part of the guide rod close to the pull rod is provided with a supporting table, and the outer peripheral surface of the supporting table is attached to the inner wall surface of the crushing pipe;

the crushing pipe comprises two or more layers of thin-walled pipes which are sleeved, each layer of thin-walled pipe is a carbon fiber pipe or a metal pipe, the material of the two adjacent layers of thin-walled pipes is different, and the thin wall means that the wall thickness of the pipe is not more than 20 mm.

Therefore, the novel crushing tube structure is designed through long-term research, the adjacent two layers of the crushing tube structure are mutually limited, the integrity of the whole residual crushing structure is ensured, the severe deformation of the residual metal thin-wall structure is relieved, the rapid crushing of the residual carbon fiber thin-wall structure is avoided, the integrity of the residual energy-absorbing structure is improved, the impact load fluctuation is relieved, and the collision energy absorption is increased.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the invention can be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:

in one preferred embodiment, the crushing pipe has two layers, wherein the inner layer of the crushing pipe is a metal pipe, and the outer layer of the crushing pipe is a carbon fiber pipe. Further, it is preferable that the metal pipe is an aluminum alloy pipe.

In one preferred embodiment, the metal tube has a thickness of 2-7.5mm, and the carbon fiber tube has a thickness in the range of 2-15 mm.

Preferably, an epoxy resin layer is arranged between two adjacent layers of thin-walled tubes.

One end of the guide rod extends into the traction rod and is fixedly connected with the traction rod through a snap ring connecting piece. The draw bar is connected with the coupler head of the coupler through a snap ring connecting piece.

And a trigger indicating pin is arranged between the traction rod and the expansion block. The triggering indication pin is positioned at the upper part of the top end of the traction rod and near the expansion block and is used for triggering the indication pin when the crushing pipe is crushed.

One end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with a coupler tailstock through a snap ring connecting piece or a rubber buffer, and the coupler tailstock is fixed on a car body chassis.

The expansion block is a hard structure embedded into the top end of the traction rod.

The invention provides a car coupler buffering energy absorption device based on a belt-bulging crushing type car coupler, and provides a design idea of a double-layer thin-wall crushing tube structure aiming at a car coupler crushing tube structure. The crush structure of the present invention is an irreversible energy absorbing element, typically used in conjunction with a rubber bumper.

The crushing pipe structure is used as a part of a car coupler buffering and energy absorbing device, under the normal condition, a front end traction rod is connected with a car coupler hook head, a rear end pull rod is connected with a car coupler tailstock through a rubber buffer, and the car coupler tailstock is connected with a pull rod and a car body underframe.

The invention relates to a double-layer or multi-layer thin-wall structure of a crushing pipe, which is the main content and innovation point of the invention, wherein the inner layer of the crushing pipe is of a metal thin-wall structure, the used materials comprise but are not limited to aluminum alloy, carbon steel and the like, and the outer layer of the crushing pipe is of a carbon fiber composite thin-wall structure. The aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure is formed by combining a carbon fiber epoxy resin prepreg and the outer surface of an aluminum alloy circular tube, and in order to improve the interface effect between aluminum alloy and carbon fiber, a layer of epoxy resin is added between the aluminum alloy circular tube and the carbon fiber prepreg.

The traditional crushing pipe is generally of a single-layer metal thin-wall structure, the expansion deformation energy absorption of the metal thin-wall structure is mainly utilized, the impact load fluctuation is large when the crushing pipe is collided, the impact load borne by a protected vehicle body structure is unstable, the energy absorption is uneven, and the energy absorbed in unit volume is small.

The outer-layer thin-wall structure of the crushing pipe is made of carbon fiber composite materials. The carbon fiber composite material has the advantages of higher energy absorption, stable impact load, small mass and the like, when the same collision impact is borne, the impact load of the carbon fiber composite material thin-wall structure reaches the peak load more quickly than that of a metal thin-wall structure, but a single carbon fiber composite material thin-wall structural member easily generates microscopic defects, is easy to break after being impacted by violent collision, and loses the continuous energy absorption capability. The double-layer thin-wall structure solves the problem, and under the constraint of the inner-layer metal thin-wall structure, the local failure of the carbon fiber composite thin-wall structure does not affect other parts to continue energy absorption, so that the continuous and stable energy absorption of the carbon fiber composite thin-wall structure can be realized, and the energy absorption of the whole set of energy absorption device is greatly increased.

The carbon fiber thin-wall structure winds two layers of (0 degree/90 degree and +/-45 degree) prepreg into the outer wall of the aluminum alloy circular tube at each time, the initial winding positions of the two layers of fibers are staggered by a certain distance, and the fiber cloth is guaranteed to be crossly spread to guarantee the overall structural strength and rigidity.

Therefore, the core of the invention is to provide a design scheme of a crushing pipe structure for the belt-bulging crushing type car coupler buffering energy absorbing device, and the traditional single-layer metal thin-wall structure crushing pipe is replaced by a double-layer thin-wall structure (metal thin wall and carbon fiber composite material thin wall) crushing pipe, so that the absorption energy of the crushing pipe in the collision process is increased, and the instantaneous impact hazard caused by collision is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

for the bulging-type crushing pipe structure, the thin-wall structure is a main energy absorption part. The traditional single-layer metal thin-wall structure has long time for reaching peak load when being impacted, the load fluctuation is large, the total energy absorption in the collision crushing process is lower, and the abnormal high impact load generated by the large load fluctuation is easy to damage a cab and a vehicle body structure, thus threatening the safety of drivers and passengers.

For the crushing pipe with a double-layer thin-wall structure (a metal thin wall and a carbon fiber composite thin wall), the time for reaching the peak load when the double-layer thin-wall structure is impacted is short, the load fluctuation is small, the energy absorption is stable, the total absorbed energy in the collision crushing process is greatly improved compared with that of the crushing pipe with the single-layer thin-wall structure, the total absorbed energy can be generally improved by more than 10%, the occurrence of abnormal high impact load is effectively avoided, and the safety of drivers and passengers is guaranteed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme and the characteristics of the invention, the schematic diagram of the double-layer thin-wall structure (thin metal wall + thin carbon fiber composite material wall) of the crushing pipe and the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiment of the invention are briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coupler buffering energy absorption device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer thin-wall structure (metal thin wall + carbon fiber composite thin wall) crushing pipe according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an impact load-displacement curve of the aluminum alloy single-layer thin-wall structure and the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure provided by the embodiment of the invention in a collision process.

In the figure

1-a draw bar; 2-expansion block; 3-crushing the inner layer of the pipe; 4-crushing the outer layer of the pipe; 5-a pull rod; 6-trigger indicator pin; 7-coupler head of the car coupler; 8-a coupler tailstock; 9-vehicle body underframe; 10-a guide bar; and 11, supporting the table.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the solution of the present invention, it will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1. Fig. 1 shows a car coupler buffering and energy absorbing device, which mainly comprises a car coupler head 7, a crushing pipe structure and a car coupler tailstock 8 fixed on a car body underframe 9. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer thin-wall crushing pipe structure according to the present invention, which includes a drawbar 1, an expansion block 2, a crushing pipe inner layer 3, a crushing pipe outer layer 4, a drawbar 5, and a trigger indicator pin 6. The draw bar 1 in the crushing pipe structure is connected with the coupler head 7 of the car coupler through a snap ring connecting piece, and the draw bar 5 in the crushing pipe structure is connected with the tail seat 8 of the car coupler through a snap ring connecting piece. The draw bar 5 is connected with the draw bar 1 through a guide bar 10, a crushing pipe is sleeved outside the guide bar 10, one end of the crushing pipe is abutted against one end face of the draw bar 5, and the other end of the crushing pipe forms an inclined plane ring abutted against the expansion block 2; the end of the guide rod 10 close to the pull rod 5 is provided with a support base 11, and the outer peripheral surface of the support base 11 is attached to the inner wall surface of the crushing pipe. The specific operation of each structure in the event of a collision will be described in detail below.

When longitudinal collision occurs at the coupler of the rail transit vehicle, under the action of impact force, the double-layer thin-wall structure of the crushing pipe bears the extrusion of the expansion block, and the expansion deformation occurs to absorb collision energy.

A rail transit vehicle comprises the coupler buffering and energy absorbing device, wherein a traction rod 1 is connected with a coupler head of a coupler through a snap ring connecting piece and moves backwards together with the coupler head of the coupler when collision occurs. The expansion block 2 is embedded into the top end of the traction rod, and when collision occurs, the expansion block 2 moves backwards along with the traction rod 1 to extrude the double-layer thin-wall structure of the crushed pipe so as to expand the crushed pipe. The triggering indicator pin 6 is arranged beside the expansion block 2 near the top end of the traction rod and belongs to an indicator pin for judging the crushing triggering of the crushing pipe. When the trigger indicator pin 6 is triggered, the indicator pin is sheared. One end of the pull rod 5 is connected with the tail seat of the car coupler through a snap ring connecting piece and is fixed on the underframe of the car body. The other end of the connecting rod is in contact with the double-layer thin-wall structure of the crushing pipe to limit the longitudinal movement of the double-layer thin-wall structure of the crushing pipe. The inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe is preferably a metal thin-wall structure, when collision occurs, the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe is in direct contact with the expansion block 2, and under the action of the guide curved surface, the expansion block 2 exerts outward radial pressure on the inner wall of the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe, so that the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe generates bulging deformation and absorbs collision energy. The outer layer 4 of the crushing pipe is preferably a thin-wall structure made of carbon fiber composite materials, and is connected with the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe into a whole through a bonding process.

When collision happens, the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe firstly generates bulging deformation, and then the outer layer 4 of the crushing pipe is driven to expand outwards. In the process, the inner layer 3 of the crushing pipe is locally crushed and loses efficacy, and the outer layer 4 of the crushing pipe is locally crushed. Due to the existence of the double-layer thin-wall structure, the inner layer 3 and the outer layer 4 of the crushing pipe are mutually limited, the integrity of the whole residual crushing structure is ensured, the severe deformation of the residual metal thin-wall structure is relieved, the rapid breakage of the residual carbon fiber thin-wall structure is also avoided, the integrity of the residual energy-absorbing structure is improved, the fluctuation of impact load is reduced, and the collision energy absorption is increased.

Aiming at the crush tube structure, the total energy absorbed by the structure is represented by W in the collision process, and the calculation formula is as follows:

wherein F represents the impact load, x represents the crushing displacement, and d represents the total displacement of the crushing process. It can be seen that the total energy absorption of the crushing pipe in the crushing process is the area enclosed by the impact load-displacement curve and the abscissa, and the faster the impact load reaches the peak load, the greater the total energy absorption.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an impact load-displacement curve of the aluminum alloy single-layer thin-wall structure and the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure provided by the embodiment of the invention in a collision process. Referring to fig. 3, the response of the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure to the collision impact is faster than that of the aluminum alloy single-layer thin-wall structure, i.e., the total energy absorption is larger. Generally speaking, under the normal crushing state, the total energy absorption of the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure can be improved by more than 10% compared with the total energy absorption of the aluminum alloy single-layer thin-wall structure. Meanwhile, the impact load fluctuation of the aluminum alloy single-layer thin-wall structure is more severe than that of the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure, and under the condition of the same cab and vehicle body structure, the damage probability of the cab and the vehicle body structure can be increased due to the abnormally high impact load generated by the severe fluctuation of the impact load, so that the safety of drivers and passengers is threatened. The crushing pipe with the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber double-layer thin-wall structure has stable impact load, and the situation can be avoided.

In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the collision energy absorption of the whole car coupler buffering energy absorption device is maximized, the damage to a car body structure is reduced, the load feedback rate of the crushing equipment is increased, and the thicknesses of the inner layer 3 and the outer layer 4 of the crushing pipe can be optimally designed to achieve the optimal matching value. For example, the thickness of the metal tube is 2-7.5mm, and the thickness of the carbon fiber tube is in the range of 2-15 mm.

It should be noted that, on the basis of the above embodiments, the thickness of the thin wall of the crush tube and the order of the aluminum alloy/carbon fiber thin wall structure (such as an inner carbon fiber thin wall structure and an outer aluminum alloy thin wall structure) are adjusted by increasing the number of thin wall layers (such as two or more layers) of the crush tube, and the developed design schemes of the crush tube structure all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.