阅读说明：本技术 一种高炉炉缸及其炉缸浇注长寿提升方法 (Blast furnace hearth and casting long-life lifting method thereof ) 是由 杨国新 李国权 王忠连 凌志宏 廖经文 柏徳春 吴金富 庄锦填 黄恺 王振 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高炉炉缸及其炉缸浇注长寿提升方法,包括：侧壁由外向内依次设置的炉壳、浇注层、冷却壁、捣打层、炭砖、炉缸浇注层,炉底由上至下设置的炉缸浇注层、炭砖,降料面后通过间歇打水、蒸发降温控制冷却炉缸渣铁的打水量；根据炉壳、浇注层、冷却壁三者的厚度计算,在炉缸区域设置第一钻孔、第二钻孔,第一钻孔与第二钻孔相连通；在第一钻孔位置处设置压入短管,并在短管上安装阀门,作为后续排气、排水及压入使用,完毕后关闭所述阀门；炉缸浇注完毕进行烘烤,依次打开排水阀进行排气、排水；炉缸烘烤完毕,在装开炉料过程中,打开排水阀排完水后,通过压入短管将碳素质材料压入冷却壁、捣打层内。(The invention relates to a blast furnace hearth and a method for lifting the casting life of the hearth, which comprises the following steps: the furnace shell, the pouring layer, the cooling wall, the ramming layer, the carbon bricks and the hearth pouring layer are sequentially arranged on the side wall from outside to inside, the hearth pouring layer and the carbon bricks are arranged on the bottom of the furnace from top to bottom, and the water-pumping quantity of the slag iron in the cooling hearth is controlled by intermittent water pumping, evaporation and temperature reduction after the material level is lowered; according to the thickness calculation of the furnace shell, the pouring layer and the cooling wall, a first drilling hole and a second drilling hole are arranged in the hearth area, and the first drilling hole is communicated with the second drilling hole; arranging a press-in short pipe at the position of a first drilling hole, installing a valve on the short pipe for subsequent air exhaust, water drainage and press-in, and closing the valve after the use is finished; baking after the hearth is poured, and opening a drain valve in sequence to exhaust and drain; after the hearth is baked, in the process of charging and discharging the furnace materials, after the drain valve is opened to drain water, the carbon material is pressed into the cooling wall and the ramming layer through the pressing short pipe.)

1. The utility model provides a blast furnace hearth, its characterized in that includes stove outer covering, pouring layer, stave, the layer of ramming, charcoal brick, the hearth pouring layer that the lateral wall outside-in set gradually, stove hearth pouring layer, charcoal brick that the stove bottom set up from top to bottom, the week portion of blast furnace hearth is provided with a plurality of drilling, and is a plurality of the drilling is run through in proper order by the stove outer covering outside to stave with the interface department on the layer of ramming.

2. The blast furnace hearth of claim 1, wherein said bore comprises a first bore and a second bore in communication with said first bore, said first bore extending sequentially through said shell and said castable layer, said second bore extending through said stave.

3. The blast furnace hearth of claim 2, wherein said first bore has a diameter of 35 to 45 mm.

4. The blast furnace hearth of claim 2, wherein said second bore has a diameter of 25 to 35 mm.

5. The blast furnace hearth of claim 4, wherein the number of said second bores in said area is increased when said channel opening is integrally cast.

6. A blast furnace hearth and a method for lifting the casting life of the hearth are characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, after the material level is lowered, controlling the water fetching amount of the slag iron of the cooling hearth through intermittent water fetching and evaporation cooling;

s2, in the cleaning process of the hearth, according to the thickness calculation of the furnace shell, the casting layer and the cooling wall, arranging a first drilling hole and a second drilling hole in the hearth area, wherein the first drilling hole is communicated with the second drilling hole;

s3, arranging a press-in short pipe at the first drilling position, installing a valve on the short pipe for subsequent air exhaust, water drainage and press-in, and closing the valve after the use is finished;

s4, baking after the hearth is poured, and opening drain valves in sequence to exhaust and drain;

s5, after the hearth is baked, in the process of charging and discharging the furnace materials, after the drain valve is opened to drain water, the carbon material is pressed into the cooling wall and the ramming layer through the pressing short pipe.

7. The blast furnace hearth and the method for prolonging the casting life of the hearth according to claim 6, wherein the intermittent watering control of step S1 requires that the intermittent watering time is 15-25 minutes longer than the watering time.

8. The blast furnace hearth and the method for lifting the pouring life of the hearth according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the first drilled hole is firstly formed, then the second drilled hole is formed, and the circumferential drilled hole distance of the hearth is determined according to the volume of the raw carbon brick left in the hearth region. If the tunnel of the railway mouth is integrally cast, the number of the second drilling holes in the area needs to be increased.

9. The blast furnace hearth and the method for prolonging the casting life of the hearth according to claim 6, wherein in step S4, if the discharge and the water discharge amount are large, the discharge can be performed every 8 to 16 hours.

10. The blast furnace hearth and the method for prolonging the casting life of the hearth according to claim 6, wherein in step S4, the carbonaceous material is required to be solid after being baked in a hot state, the extrusion resistance is slightly smaller than that of the carbon bricks, the heat transfer capacity is equivalent to that of the carbon bricks, the pressure is strictly controlled in the pressing process, and once the pressure is found to rise, the pressing is stopped, and a space is reserved for the refractory thermal expansion in the subsequent cooling wall.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace processes, in particular to a blast furnace hearth and a hearth casting long-life lifting method thereof.

Background

At present, the iron-making industry determines various damages of water to hearth carbon bricks, and the hearth water inflow is reduced in production. The existing blast furnace hearth is repaired more and more by adopting a pouring mode, namely after the blast furnace is finished and the material level is lowered, in order to achieve the purposes of shortening the construction period and repairing quickly, the temperature of high-temperature slag iron in the hearth is quickly lowered by adopting a water-pumping furnace-cooling method before the hearth enters the construction condition. In the process of water supply and furnace cooling, part of water overflows from the blast furnace in the form of gaseous water, but part of water is adsorbed by carbon bricks built in the hearth besides high-temperature slag iron. The hearth repair usually only repairs the corroded part, and a large amount of water is absorbed by the retained carbon bricks in the furnace cooling process. During hearth baking, the adsorbed water in the carbon bricks is difficult to evaporate completely through the compact casting layer, on the contrary, the temperature is increased during hearth baking to form a gas state, condensed water is formed at the side close to the cooling wall, and the gas state water and the condensed water are gathered among the carbon bricks, the ramming layer between the carbon bricks and the cooling wall. If the gaseous water and the condensed water cannot be discharged out of the furnace body in time, the heat transfer effect between the new furnace hearth castable and the carbon bricks, the ramming layer between the carbon bricks and the cooling wall and between the new furnace hearth castable and the cooling wall can be greatly reduced, the new furnace hearth castable can be quickly eroded, and the pouring life of the furnace hearth is shortened. Therefore, if gaseous water and condensed water formed in the casting of the hearth are discharged out of the hearth in time, the integral heat transfer of the hearth can be influenced, so that the service life of the cast hearth is greatly shortened, and the existing blast furnace process technology is not provided with a blast furnace hearth and a method for prolonging the casting service life of the hearth.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a blast furnace hearth and a method for prolonging the casting life of the hearth, wherein in the hearth cleaning process, a furnace shell, a cooling wall and a ramming layer are drilled, so that gaseous water and condensed water existing in the blast furnace hearth are discharged in time in a hearth drying furnace, and a carbon material equivalent to a carbon brick is pressed between the cooling wall and the ramming layer, so that a good heat transfer effect between a new casting material of the hearth, the carbon brick, the ramming material and the cooling wall is realized, and the aims of improving the casting effect of the hearth and prolonging the service life of the hearth are fulfilled; the technical defect that the pouring service life of the hearth is shortened due to poor heat transfer effect caused by air gaps, condensed water and the like generated between the carbon bricks and the cooling wall because the original adsorbed water remained in the carbon bricks is not discharged out of the hearth in time after the hearth is poured can be solved, and huge economic benefit is directly created for the long service life of the blast furnace.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a blast furnace hearth, including stove outer covering, pouring layer, cooling wall, the layer of ramming, charcoal brick, the stove jar pouring layer that the lateral wall outside-in set gradually, stove jar pouring layer, the charcoal brick that the stove bottom set up from top to bottom, the week portion of blast furnace hearth is provided with a plurality of drilling, and is a plurality of the drilling is run through in proper order by the stove outer covering outside extremely the cooling wall with the interface department on the layer of ramming.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the drill holes include a first drill hole and a second drill hole communicated with the first drill hole, the first drill hole penetrates through the furnace shell and the casting layer in sequence, and the second drill hole penetrates through the cooling wall.

In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the first bore is 35-45 mm.

In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the second bore is 25-35 mm.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the opening of the railway road is integrally cast, the number of the second drilling holes in the area needs to be increased.

A blast furnace hearth and a method for lifting the casting life of the hearth thereof comprise the following steps:

s1, after the material level is lowered, controlling the water fetching amount of the slag iron of the cooling hearth through intermittent water fetching and evaporation cooling;

s2, in the cleaning process of the hearth, according to the thickness calculation of the furnace shell, the casting layer and the cooling wall, arranging a first drilling hole and a second drilling hole in the hearth area, wherein the first drilling hole is communicated with the second drilling hole;

s3, arranging a press-in short pipe at the first drilling position, installing a valve on the short pipe for subsequent air exhaust, water drainage and press-in, and closing the valve after the use is finished;

s4, baking after the hearth is poured, and opening drain valves in sequence to exhaust and drain;

s5, after the hearth is baked, in the process of charging and discharging the furnace materials, after the drain valve is opened to drain water, the carbon material is pressed into the cooling wall and the ramming layer through the pressing short pipe.

In an embodiment of the invention, in the step S1, the intermittent watering control requires 15 to 25 minutes longer than the watering time.

In an embodiment of the invention, in step S2, the first drilling holes are first set, then the second drilling holes are set, and the circumferential drilling hole spacing of the hearth is determined according to the volume of the raw carbon bricks remaining in the hearth region. If the tunnel of the railway mouth is integrally cast, the number of the second drilling holes in the area needs to be increased.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, if the amount of discharged air and water is large, the discharged air and water can be discharged once every 8 to 16 hours.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the carbonaceous material is required to be solid after being baked in a hot state, the extrusion resistance is slightly smaller than that of the carbon brick, the heat transfer capacity is equivalent to that of the carbon brick, the pressure is strictly controlled during the pressing process, and once the pressure is found to rise, the pressing is stopped, so as to reserve a space for the subsequent thermal expansion of the refractory material in the cooling wall.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the hearth cleaning process, through drilling holes among the furnace shell, the cooling wall and the ramming layer, gaseous water and condensate water existing in the blast furnace hearth are timely discharged in the hearth drying furnace, and carbon materials equivalent to carbon bricks are pressed between the cooling wall and the ramming layer, so that a good heat transfer effect among new hearth casting materials, the carbon bricks, the ramming materials and the cooling wall is realized, and the aims of improving the hearth casting effect and prolonging the hearth service life are fulfilled. The implementation of the technology can solve the technical defect that the pouring life of the hearth is shortened due to poor heat transfer effect caused by air gaps, condensed water and the like between the carbon bricks and the cooling wall because the original adsorbed water remained in the carbon bricks is not discharged out of the hearth in time after the hearth is poured, and directly creates great economic benefit for the long life of the blast furnace. Only the furnace shell, the cooling wall are drilled, and equipment and materials are pressed in; the drainage and the pressing operation of the carbon material are easy to implement; the whole heat transfer effect of the hearth after the blast furnace is put into operation is good, the service life of the blast furnace is long, huge economic benefits are created for the enterprises in the aspects of increasing the unit hearth iron yield after the hearth is poured, improving the hearth maintenance fund return rate and the like, and the method has good popularization significance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blast furnace hearth and a method for lifting the casting life of the hearth according to the invention.

In the figure:

10. a furnace shell; 20. pouring a layer; 30. a stave; 40. a ramming layer; 50. carbon bricks; 60. a hearth casting layer; 70. a first bore hole; 80. and (7) a second bore.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

It should be noted that all the directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" referred to herein are used with respect to the view of the drawings, and are only for convenience of description, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution.

As shown in fig. 1, a blast furnace hearth is provided, which includes a furnace shell 10, a casting layer 20, a cooling wall 30, a ramming layer 40, a charcoal brick 50, a hearth casting layer 60, and a hearth casting layer 60, which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside on the side walls, and a hearth casting layer 60 and a charcoal brick 50, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the bottom of the furnace, wherein a plurality of drill holes are arranged on the periphery of the blast furnace hearth, and sequentially penetrate from the outside of the furnace shell 10 to the joint surface of the cooling wall 30 and the ramming layer 40.

Preferably, the drill holes include a first drill hole 70 and a second drill hole 80 communicated with the first drill hole 70, the first drill hole 70 penetrates through the furnace shell 10 and the casting layer 20 in sequence, and the second drill hole 80 penetrates through the stave 30.

It should be noted that the first drilling hole 70 and the second drilling hole 80 are drilled by using different drilling tools, and the drilling principle should be that the first drilling hole 70 is performed on the furnace shell 10 and the casting layer 20, and then the second drilling hole 80 is performed on the stave 30.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the first bore 70 is 35-45 mm.

In addition, the diameter of the second bore 80 is 25-35 mm.

Specifically, before the first bore 70 and the second bore 80 are provided, the thicknesses of the furnace shell 10, the casting layer, and the cooling wall need to be calculated, the distance between the circumferential bores of the blast furnace hearth is determined according to the volume of the raw carbon bricks retained in the hearth region of the blast furnace, and the carbon material can be exhausted, drained, and pressed by providing a pressing short pipe at the first bore 70.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the opening of the railway road is integrally cast, the number of the second drilling holes in the area needs to be increased.

A blast furnace hearth and a method for lifting the casting life of the hearth thereof are disclosed, the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after the material level is lowered, controlling the water fetching amount of the slag iron of the cooling hearth through intermittent water fetching and evaporation cooling;

s2, in the cleaning process of the hearth, according to the thickness calculation of the furnace shell 10, the casting layer 20 and the cooling wall 30, arranging a first drilling hole 70 and a second drilling hole 80 in the hearth area, wherein the first drilling hole 70 is communicated with the second drilling hole 80;

s3, arranging a press-in short pipe at the position of the first drilling hole 70, installing a valve on the short pipe for subsequent air exhaust, water drainage and press-in, and closing the valve after the use is finished;

s4, baking after the hearth is poured, and opening drain valves in sequence to exhaust and drain;

s5, after the hearth is baked, in the process of charging and discharging the furnace materials, after the drain valve is opened to drain water, the carbon material is pressed into the cooling wall 30 and the ramming layer 40 through the pressing short pipe.

Preferably, in the step S1, the intermittent watering is controlled, the time of the intermittent watering is required to be 15-25 minutes longer than the time of watering, and in order to reduce the oxidation atmosphere in the furnace during watering and cooling and protect the carbon bricks 50, nitrogen can be introduced into the tuyere before the watering and cooling.

It should be noted that, in order to protect the carbon brick 50 of the hearth, empirically, the watering time is 35 to 45 minutes, and the intermittent watering time is 1 hour.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the first drilling holes 70 are first set, and then the second drilling holes 80 are set, and the circumferential drilling hole spacing of the hearth is determined according to the volume of the raw charcoal bricks 50 remaining in the hearth region. If the tunnel is integrally cast, the number of second bores 80 in the area is increased.

Specifically, in step S4, if the amount of exhaust and drainage is large, the water can be drained once every 8 to 16 hours, and safety protection is well performed in the process of exhaust and drainage.

In step S4, the carbonaceous material is required to be solid after being baked in a hot state, the extrusion resistance is slightly smaller than that of the carbon brick 50, the heat transfer capacity is equivalent to that of the carbon brick 50, the pressure is strictly controlled during the pressing process, and the pressing is stopped once the pressure rises, so as to reserve a space for the subsequent thermal expansion of the refractory material in the cooling wall 30.

The basic principle of the invention is as follows: from the analysis of the blast furnace process principle, in order to reduce the harm of the gaseous water and the condensed water to the hearth carbon brick 50, firstly, the amount of water entering the hearth is controlled, and secondly, the gaseous water and the condensed water are discharged out of the blast furnace body as soon as possible. The water quantity entering the hearth is controlled in hearth casting repair, namely the water pumping quantity of cooling hearth iron slag after the material level is lowered is controlled, the water pumping quantity can be achieved only by intermittent water pumping and evaporation cooling, and the rapid cooling can not be achieved by a method of continuously pumping water to soak iron slag in the hearth. The adsorbed water remaining in the uncleaned carbon bricks 50 is very little evaporated during the oven process through the casting layer 20. On the contrary, the ramming layer 40 filled between the cooling wall 30 and the carbon brick 50 may generate gaps due to thermal expansion and contraction of refractory materials because the temperature of the hearth is reduced in the furnace cooling process. The adsorbed water remaining in the uncleaned carbon bricks 50 forms gaseous water during oven heating and condensed water on the stave 30 side, which collects between the stave 30 and the ramming layer 40. The gas water and the condensed water can be discharged out of the furnace body through the furnace shell 10 and the cooling wall 30. And then a carbon material which is solid after being baked in a thermal state, has slightly smaller extrusion resistance than the carbon brick 50 and equivalent heat transfer capacity to the carbon brick 50 is pressed between the cooling wall 30 and the ramming layer 40, so that gaps among the carbon brick 50, the ramming layer 40 and the cooling wall 30 can be filled to form a good heat transfer system of the furnace hearth newly-poured layer 20, the carbon brick 50, the ramming layer 40 and the cooling wall 30, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the furnace hearth pouring effect and the furnace hearth long service life, directly creating huge economic benefits for enterprises in the aspects of increasing the unit furnace iron yield after the furnace hearth is poured, improving the furnace hearth maintenance fund return rate and the like, and having good popularization significance.