阅读说明：本技术 一种滑坡堰塞坝应急处置的遥感无人机定向数据采集方法 (Remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle directional data acquisition method for emergency disposal of landslide and damming dam ) 是由 王如宾 阳龙 赵颖 徐卫亚 王环玲 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种滑坡堰塞坝应急处置的遥感无人机定向数据采集方法,该方法利用无人机低空飞行器搭载遥感传感器,应用数字遥测遥控、GPS差分定位、倾斜摄影,激光测距定向采集数据；将采集的数据利用影像数据处理方法进行图像模拟,在GIS的支持下对影像中堰塞湖的边界进行数字化,求得流域面积；通过计算求得堰塞坝体积；结合正摄影像图对数字影像进行内定向、相对定向、绝对定向,生成数字高程模型DEM,将单片正射影像进行镶嵌,生成数字正摄影像图DOM。本发明解决了传统航空航天监测受地形、气象限制,成本高、更新周期长、安全性差的问题,为滑坡堰塞坝应急处置提供直观、准确的数据。(The invention discloses a directional data acquisition method of a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide barrier dam, which utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude aircraft to carry a remote sensing sensor, applies digital remote sensing remote control, GPS differential positioning, oblique photography and laser ranging to directionally acquire data; carrying out image simulation on the acquired data by using an image data processing method, and digitizing the boundary of the barrier lake in the image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) to obtain the area of the drainage basin; calculating the volume of the damming dam; and combining the positive shot image picture to perform internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation on the digital image to generate a digital elevation model DEM, and inlaying the single positive shot image to generate a digital positive shot image picture DOM. The method solves the problems that the traditional aerospace monitoring is limited by terrain and weather, high in cost, long in updating period and poor in safety, and provides visual and accurate data for emergency disposal of the landslide and barrage dam.)

1. A directional data acquisition method for a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide and damming dam is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying a remote sensing sensor by using a low-altitude aircraft of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out digital remote measurement and remote control, GPS differential positioning, oblique photography and laser ranging and directional data acquisition;

(2) carrying out image simulation on the acquired data by using an image data processing method, and digitizing the boundary of the barrier lake in the image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) to obtain the area of the drainage basin;

(3) obtaining the volume of the weir dam;

(4) and combining the positive shot image picture to perform internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation on the digital image to generate a digital elevation model DEM, and inlaying the single positive shot image to generate a digital positive shot image picture DOM.

2. The method for acquiring directional data of a remotely sensed unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide weir dam according to claim 1, wherein: the method for calculating the volume of the weir dam comprises the following steps:

wherein S is the area of each ground unit, and H is the value of each corresponding ground unit of the elevation difference distribution map.

3. The method for acquiring directional data of a remotely sensed unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide weir dam according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) calculating to obtain the flow area and the volume of the damming dam, performing internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation on the digital image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) by combining with the orthographic image to generate a digital elevation model DEM, performing unit digital differential correction according to a reverse solution, inlaying the single orthographic image to generate a digital orthographic image DOM.

4. The method for acquiring directional data of a remotely sensed unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide weir dam according to claim 1, wherein: the digital positive shot image is an image database which is formed on the basis of aerial photos or remote sensing images and has the geometric precision and image characteristics of topographic maps.

5. The method for acquiring directional data of a remotely sensed unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide weir dam according to claim 1, wherein: the digital elevation model realizes the digital simulation of the ground terrain through limited terrain elevation data.

6. The method for acquiring directional data of remotely sensed unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of landslide weir dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the digital elevation model is described in functional form as:

V_i＝(X_i，Y_i，Z_i)；i＝1，2，...，n

in the formula, X_i，Y_iIs a plane coordinate, Z_iIs (X)_i，Y_i) The corresponding elevation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a data acquisition method for emergency disposal of a damming dam formed by landslide, in particular to a directional data acquisition method for a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide and a damming dam.

Background

The barrier lake is a lake formed after water storage and valley blockage caused by volcanic lava flow, tillite or debris flow under the action of earthquake, landslide and volcanic eruption.

The weir plug body is mostly composed of loose earth and stones, has poor seepage and mechanical stability, is very easy to collapse, and forms a flood peak for the downstream. In recent years, a damming dam formed by landslide induced by earthquake and heavy rain has brought serious threat to life and property of people, and how to carry out emergency treatment on the damming dam becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.

Remote sensing technology is widely used in the fields of meteorological observation, mapping, military investigation and disaster monitoring. The application of the technology in the field of barrage monitoring has a plurality of limitations. Traditional aviation remote sensing and space satellite remote sensing need consume a large amount of manpower and materials, and the definition is low, the renewal cycle is long, with high costs, and the security is poor, and the monitoring is restricted by topography, meteorological condition, and the most topography and geomorphology of damming dam and meteorological condition are complicated in addition, have increased the degree of difficulty that the remote sensing data acquireed.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a directional data acquisition method for a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide and damming dam, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, monitoring is limited by terrain and weather, the cost is high, the updating period is long, and the safety is poor.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a directional data acquisition method for a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide and damming dam, which comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying a remote sensing sensor by using a low-altitude aircraft of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out digital remote measurement and remote control, GPS differential positioning, oblique photography and laser ranging and directional data acquisition;

(2) carrying out image simulation on the acquired data by using an image data processing method, and digitizing the boundary of the barrier lake in the image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) to obtain the area of the drainage basin;

(3) calculating the volume of the damming dam;

(4) the digital images are combined with the orthophoto image map to carry out internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation to generate a digital elevation model DEM (digital elevation model), which is the most basic part of a digital ground model DTM (digital elevation model) and is a discrete mathematical expression of the topography of the earth surface.

And inlaying the single ortho-image to generate a digital ortho-image graph DOM.

The volume calculation method of the damming dam comprises the following steps:

wherein S is the area of each ground unit, and H is the value of each corresponding ground unit of the elevation difference distribution map.

And (4) calculating to obtain the flow area and the volume of the weir dam, combining the orthophoto map, carrying out internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation on the digital image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) to generate a digital elevation model DEM, carrying out unit digital differential correction according to a reverse solution, inlaying the single orthophoto image, and generating a digital orthophoto map DOM.

The digital orthophoto image is a remote sensing image with an orthophoto projection property, and is an image database which is formed on the basis of an aerial photograph or a remote sensing image and has the geometric precision and the image characteristics of a topographic map.

The digital elevation model realizes digital simulation of the ground terrain through limited terrain elevation data. The digital elevation model DEM represents a finite sequence of three-dimensional vectors over the area D, described in functional form as:

V_i＝X_i，Y_i，Z_i；i＝1，2，...，n

in the formula, X_i，Y_iIs a plane coordinate, Z_iIs (X)_i，Y_i) The corresponding elevation.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the invention utilizes the low-altitude aircraft of the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry the portable remote sensing sensor, and solves the problems of high cost, long updating period and poor safety caused by the limitation of terrain and weather in the traditional aerospace monitoring technology.

(2) After the images acquired by the remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle are identified and calculated to obtain information such as flow area, damming dam volume and the like, a digital positive photographic image (DOM) and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are generated under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) technology, and visual and accurate data are provided for emergency disposal of the landslide and damming dam.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the method for acquiring directional data of a remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicle for emergency disposal of a landslide and barrage of the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying a portable remote sensing sensor by using a low-altitude aircraft of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out digital remote measurement and remote control, GPS differential positioning, oblique photography and laser ranging and directional data acquisition;

(2) carrying out image simulation on the data acquired by the former by utilizing image data processing, and digitizing the boundary of the barrier lake in the image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) to obtain the area of the drainage basin;

(3) obtaining the volume of the weir dam according to the following method:wherein S is the area of each ground unit, and H is the value of each corresponding ground unit of the elevation difference distribution diagram;

(4) and carrying out internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation on the digital image under the support of a GIS (geographic information system) by combining the positive shot image to generate a digital elevation model DEM (digital elevation model), carrying out unit digital differential correction according to a reverse solution, and inlaying the single-chip positive shot image to generate a digital positive shot image DOM.