阅读说明：本技术 一种锥形体精密加工方法 (Precision machining method for conical body ) 是由 甄慧强 王程霖 于 2021-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种锥形体精密加工方法,该方法包括以下步骤：前置步骤：优化刀具与流程,确定初步最优参数；即对结构件的加工刀具和加工流程进行优化,确定合理的加工刀具和切削参数；步骤一：对结构件进行切削试验和应力检测；所述切削试验的步骤包括：A1：对结构件的结构与刚度进行分析；A2：根据结构件刚度分析的数据,进行专用工装模型设计；A3：建立结构件和工装的刚度分析模型,并进行分析；A4:是否得出最优模型参数；A4-1：否,当选择调整专用工装参数则返回步骤A2,当选择调整模型参数则返回步骤A3；本发明通过频谱谐波时效,有效降低了产品内应力,减小装卡应力引起的结构件变形。(A conical body precision machining method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: optimizing a cutter and a flow, and determining initial optimal parameters; namely, optimizing a machining cutter and a machining process of the structural member, and determining a reasonable machining cutter and cutting parameters; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cutting test and stress detection on the structural member; the step of the cutting test comprises: a1: analyzing the structure and the rigidity of the structural member; a2: designing a special tool model according to the data of the structural member rigidity analysis; a3: establishing a rigidity analysis model of a structural part and a tool, and analyzing; a4, judging whether optimal model parameters are obtained; a4-1: if not, returning to the step A2 when selecting the special tool parameters for adjustment, and returning to the step A3 when selecting the model parameters for adjustment; according to the invention, through frequency spectrum harmonic aging, the internal stress of the product is effectively reduced, and the structural member deformation caused by clamping stress is reduced.)

1. A conical body precision machining method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: optimizing a cutter and a flow, and determining initial optimal parameters;

namely, optimizing a machining cutter and a machining process of the structural member, and determining a reasonable machining cutter and cutting parameters;

the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cutting test and stress detection on the structural member;

the step of the cutting test comprises:

a1: analyzing the structure and the rigidity of the structural member;

a2: designing a special tool model according to the data of the structural member rigidity analysis;

a3: establishing a rigidity analysis model of a structural part and a tool, and analyzing;

a4, judging whether optimal model parameters are obtained;

a4-1: if not, returning to the step A2 when selecting the special tool parameters for adjustment, and returning to the step A3 when selecting the model parameters for adjustment;

a4-2: if yes, performing the step two;

the stress detection step comprises:

b1: detecting residual stress of the structural member;

b2: carrying out frequency spectrum harmonic vibration aging treatment;

b3: carrying out residual stress detection on the structural member again at the same position;

b4: carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the two residual stress detections;

b5: whether the optimal vibration aging parameters are obtained;

b5-1: if not, adjusting the vibration parameters and returning to the step B2;

b5-2: if yes, performing the step two;

step two: establishing a tool model and processing simulation;

c1: establishing a low-stress tool model according to the optimal model parameters or the optimal vibration aging parameters;

c2: obtaining a large number of cutting parameter samples according to the selected processing cutter and the cutting parameters;

c3: performing machining simulation on the tool model by using the cutting parameter sample;

c4: obtaining a large number of simulation effect samples;

c5: selecting an optimal sample and determining the optimal sample as an optimal simulation parameter;

c6: and carrying out physical processing verification.

2. A method of precision machining of conical bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural part is a conical body (6).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimization of the machining tool comprises adopting a ring cutter path and adopting a hot-mounted lengthened tool for machining.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimization of the process flow comprises the steps of:

s1: roughly milling the structural component;

s2: heat treatment;

s3: finely milling the structural component;

s4: carrying out milling post-treatment on the structural member;

s5: and (5) re-measuring the size.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rough milling of the structural member comprises bench marking, rough turning, bench marking, rough milling of the window and the lug, and rough milling of the inner cavity.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the finish milling of the structural member comprises semi-finish turning, finish milling of windows and lugs, finish milling of cavities, finish turning of profiles and end faces, finish milling of end face holes and circumferential holes.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the post-milling treatment comprises removing burrs and marks by a fitter, detecting flaws, performing surface treatment, tapping and installing a wire thread insert by the fitter, painting, threading by the fitter and cleaning an inner hole.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step B1 of collecting physical parameters of structural members and modeling mechanical properties before the residual stress is detected.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a precision machining method for a conical body, relates to the technical field of precision machining of workpieces, and particularly relates to a precision machining method for a conical body.

Background

The processing process of the conical body always accompanies with the deformation problem caused by clamping force, the shapes of a plurality of conical bodies have a plurality of windows and round holes, the continuity of the structure is greatly damaged, the rigidity of the structure is also reduced, and the deformation of parts during processing is increased; in addition, the inner cavity has a plurality of asymmetric reinforcing rib structures, all ribs are not overlapped with the bus, the structure has high processing difficulty and is easy to deform, the wall thickness dimension and the inner cavity assembly surface dimension are difficult to ensure, the distance between the small end surface and the large end surface of the inner cavity of the conical body is large, and the conical body cannot be processed by a common milling method; the end face is provided with a plurality of high-precision pin holes and threaded holes, the large end opening is large in size, the inner cavity structure has fewer supporting positions for the large end face, and the planeness of the large end and the verticality of the plane of the large end relative to a reference axis are difficult to guarantee; therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for effectively controlling the deformation amount during the cone machining process and improving the machining stability of the product.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for precisely machining a conical body, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a conical body precision machining method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: optimizing a cutter and a flow, and determining initial optimal parameters;

namely, optimizing a machining cutter and a machining process of the structural member, and determining a reasonable machining cutter and cutting parameters;

the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cutting test and stress detection on the structural member;

the step of the cutting test comprises:

a1: analyzing the structure and the rigidity of the structural member;

a2: designing a special tool model according to the data of the structural member rigidity analysis;

a3: establishing a rigidity analysis model of a structural part and a tool, and analyzing;

a4, judging whether optimal model parameters are obtained;

a4-1: if not, returning to the step A2 when selecting the special tool parameters for adjustment, and returning to the step A3 when selecting the model parameters for adjustment;

a4-2: if yes, performing the step two;

the stress detection step comprises:

b1: detecting residual stress of the structural member;

b2: carrying out frequency spectrum harmonic vibration aging treatment;

b3: carrying out residual stress detection on the structural member again at the same position;

b4: carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the two residual stress detections;

b5: whether the optimal vibration aging parameters are obtained;

b5-1: if not, adjusting the vibration parameters and returning to the step B2;

b5-2: if yes, performing the step two;

step two: establishing a tool model and processing simulation;

c1: establishing a low-stress tool model according to the optimal model parameters or the optimal vibration aging parameters;

c2: obtaining a large number of cutting parameter samples according to the selected processing cutter and the cutting parameters;

c3: performing machining simulation on the tool model by using the cutting parameter sample;

c4: obtaining a large number of simulation effect samples;

c5: selecting an optimal sample and determining the optimal sample as an optimal simulation parameter;

c6: and carrying out physical processing verification.

Preferably, the structural member is a cone.

Preferably, the optimization of the processing cutter comprises the steps of adopting a ring cutter path and adopting a hot-mounted lengthened cutter for processing.

Preferably, the process flow optimization comprises the following steps:

s1: roughly milling the structural component;

s2: heat treatment;

s3: finely milling the structural component;

s4: carrying out milling post-treatment on the structural member;

s5: and (5) re-measuring the size.

Preferably, the rough milling of the structural member comprises bench marking, rough turning of the shape, bench marking, rough milling of the window and the lug, and rough milling of the inner cavity.

Preferably, the finish milling of the structural member comprises semi-finish turning of the shape, finish milling of the window and the lug, finish milling of the inner cavity, finish turning of the shape and the end face, finish milling of the end face hole and the circumferential hole.

Preferably, the post-milling treatment comprises removing burrs and marks by a bench worker, detecting flaws, performing surface treatment, tapping and installing a steel wire thread sleeve by the bench worker, spraying paint, threading by the bench worker and cleaning an inner hole.

Preferably, the step B1 includes acquiring physical parameters of the structural member and establishing a mechanical property model before detecting the residual stress.

Preferably, the tool for the conical body precision machining method comprises a tool bottom plate 1 and is characterized in that a clamping piece, a clamping cylinder 4 and a manual control valve are arranged on the tool bottom plate 1, the clamping piece and the manual control valve are connected with the tool bottom plate 1 through screws, the clamping cylinder 4 is arranged on the inner side of the clamping piece, a clamping jaw 4-1 is arranged on the clamping cylinder 4, and the clamping piece comprises a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece; the first clamping piece consists of a first upright post 2, a first sliding table cylinder 2-1 and a first clamping block 2-2, and the first clamping block 2-2 is in sliding connection with the first sliding table cylinder 2-1; the second clamping piece consists of a second upright post 3, a second sliding table cylinder 3-1 and a second clamping block 3-2, and the second clamping block 3-2 is in sliding connection with the second sliding table cylinder 3-1; the manual valve is arranged on the outer side of the clamping cylinder 4 and comprises a first manual valve 1-1 and a second manual valve 1-2.

Preferably, a tool support 5 is arranged below the tool bottom plate 1, and the tool support 5 is fixedly connected with the tool bottom plate 1 through a screw; the first clamping block 2-2 and the second clamping block 3-2 are preferably provided with silica gel pads.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a precision machining method for the conical body 6, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. by optimizing the machining tool, the machining time is greatly shortened, and the machining efficiency is improved; through the optimization of the processing flow, compared with the flow before optimization, the steps of the flow are simplified, the cost is saved, the time of the processing flow is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved;

2. through frequency spectrum harmonic aging, the internal stress of the product is effectively reduced, and the structural part deformation caused by clamping stress is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for the fabrication of a structural member prior to optimization;

FIG. 3 is a simplified flow diagram of the optimized structure processing of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a detailed flow chart of the optimized structural member processing of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view of the finished cone of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a tooling structure for the machining method of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a structural view of the tool for clamping a cone to be machined.

Wherein: the tool comprises a tool bottom plate 1, a first manual control valve 1-1, a second manual control valve 1-2, a first upright post 2, a first sliding table cylinder 2-1, a first clamping block 2-2, a second upright post 3, a second sliding table cylinder 3-1, a second clamping block 3-2, a clamping cylinder 4, a clamping jaw 4-1, a tool support 5 and a conical body 6.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

The invention provides a conical body precision machining method, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: optimizing a cutter and a flow, and determining initial optimal parameters;

namely, optimizing a machining cutter and a machining process of the structural member, and determining a reasonable machining cutter and cutting parameters;

the method comprises the following steps: carrying out cutting test and stress detection on the structural member;

the step of the cutting test comprises:

a1: analyzing the structure and the rigidity of the structural member;

a2: designing a special tool model according to the data of the structural member rigidity analysis;

a3: establishing a rigidity analysis model of a structural part and a tool, and analyzing;

a4, judging whether optimal model parameters are obtained;

a4-1: if not, returning to the step A2 when selecting the special tool parameters for adjustment, and returning to the step A3 when selecting the model parameters for adjustment;

a4-2: if yes, performing the step two;

the stress detection step comprises:

b1: detecting residual stress of the structural member;

b2: carrying out frequency spectrum harmonic vibration aging treatment;

b3: carrying out residual stress detection on the structural member again at the same position;

b4: carrying out comparative analysis on the data of the two residual stress detections;

b5: whether the optimal vibration aging parameters are obtained;

b5-1: if not, adjusting the vibration parameters and returning to the step B2;

b5-2: if yes, performing the step two;

step two: establishing a tool model and processing simulation;

c1: establishing a low-stress tool model according to the optimal model parameters or the optimal vibration aging parameters;

c2: obtaining a large number of cutting parameter samples according to the selected processing cutter and the cutting parameters;

c3: performing machining simulation on the tool model by using the cutting parameter sample;

c4: obtaining a large number of simulation effect samples;

c5: selecting an optimal sample and determining the optimal sample as an optimal simulation parameter;

c6: and carrying out physical processing verification.

The frequency spectrum harmonic aging technology is used for carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on a metal workpiece by a Fourier analysis method to find dozens of harmonic frequencies of the workpiece, and then, five harmonic frequencies with the best effect are selected for processing, so that the purpose of multi-dimensionally eliminating residual stress is achieved, the dimensional accuracy and stability are improved, the deformation and cracking of the workpiece are prevented, and the workpiece is widely applied to casting, forging and welding of the metal workpiece in the mechanical manufacturing industry and residual stress and homogenization after processing.

Through frequency spectrum harmonic aging treatment, a stable tool system is provided for efficient and precise machining of the structural part, and the internal stress of the structural part can be effectively reduced.

Preferably, the structural member is a cone 6.

Preferably, the optimization of the processing cutter comprises the steps of adopting a ring cutter path and adopting a hot-mounted lengthened cutter for processing.

According to the structural characteristics of the structural member, a circular cutter path is adopted, so that the consistency of the surface quality of the conical body is improved and the track length of a cutter is shortened under the condition of the same cutting step pitch, the cutting track is uniform, the cutting time is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved; the hot-mounted lengthened cutter is adopted for processing, so that the roughness of the surface of the structural member is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved; through three-dimensional machining simulation and machining process optimization, the C5 combined tool is adopted, the rigidity is greatly improved after the length of the tool is shortened, the machining time can be shortened according to the cutting effect and the optimized cutting parameters, and the machining efficiency is improved.

When a ring cutter path is adopted, the cutting time is reduced from 13 hours to 8 hours, and the processing efficiency is improved by 40 percent; after the hot-mounted lengthened cutter is adopted for processing, the surface roughness of the structural part is improved from Ra6.3 to Ra1.6, the processing efficiency is shortened from the original 63 minutes to 31 minutes, and the processing efficiency is improved by 51 percent; the length of the cutter is shortened by 50 mm by adopting the C5 combined cutter; according to the cutting effect and the optimized cutting parameters, the processing time is shortened from 80 minutes to 53 minutes, and the processing efficiency is improved by 34 percent.

Preferably, the process flow optimization comprises the following steps:

s1: roughly milling the structural component;

s2: heat treatment;

s3: finely milling the structural component;

s4: carrying out milling post-treatment on the structural member;

s5: and (5) re-measuring the size.

Preferably, the rough milling of the structural member comprises bench marking, rough turning of the shape, bench marking, rough milling of the window and the lug, and rough milling of the inner cavity.

The machining position and the machining allowance of each surface on the workpiece can be determined through the bench worker scribing step; the shape and the size of the blank can be comprehensively checked, whether the blank meets the drawing and meets the processing requirements or not can be judged; in case of some faults on the blank, the machining allowance of each surface is properly distributed by using a material borrowing method during scribing, so that possible remedy is achieved.

By the step of rough turning the appearance, most blank allowance can be removed, if the blank allowance is directly machined to the drawing size, waste products can be caused due to thermal stress, workpiece thermal deformation and the like, and the rough turning is also required for the step of heat treatment.

Preferably, the finish milling of the structural member comprises semi-finish turning of the shape, finish milling of the window and the lug, finish milling of the inner cavity, finish turning of the shape and the end face, finish milling of the end face hole and the circumferential hole.

The surface allowance of the workpiece after rough machining has larger error, and in order to ensure that stable machining allowance exists during finish machining so as to achieve the uniformity of a final product, a semi-finish turning appearance step is arranged.

The step of finish turning the appearance and the end face is to meet the requirements of drawings.

Preferably, the post-milling treatment comprises removing burrs and marks by a bench worker, detecting flaws, performing surface treatment, tapping and installing a steel wire thread sleeve by the bench worker, spraying paint, threading by the bench worker and cleaning an inner hole.

Preferably, the step B1 includes acquiring physical parameters of the structural member and establishing a mechanical property model before detecting the residual stress.

Preferably, the tool for the conical body precision machining method comprises a tool bottom plate 1 and is characterized in that a clamping piece, a clamping cylinder 4 and a manual control valve are arranged on the tool bottom plate 1, the clamping piece and the manual control valve are connected with the tool bottom plate 1 through screws, the clamping cylinder 4 is arranged on the inner side of the clamping piece, a clamping jaw 4-1 is arranged on the clamping cylinder 4, and the clamping piece comprises a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece; the first clamping piece consists of a first upright post 2, a first sliding table cylinder 2-1 and a first clamping block 2-2, and the first clamping block 2-2 is in sliding connection with the first sliding table cylinder 2-1; the second clamping piece consists of a second upright post 3, a second sliding table cylinder 3-1 and a second clamping block 3-2, and the second clamping block 3-2 is in sliding connection with the second sliding table cylinder 3-1; the manual valve is arranged on the outer side of the clamping cylinder 4 and comprises a first manual valve 1-1 and a second manual valve 1-2.

Preferably, a tool support 5 is arranged below the tool bottom plate 1, and the tool support 5 is fixedly connected with the tool bottom plate 1 through a screw; and silica gel pads are arranged on the first clamping block 2-2 and the second clamping block 3-2.

The clamping piece is flexible adjustable structure, convenient operation and regulation, presss from both sides tightly the effect that plays auxiliary stay to the outer wall of conical body 6.

As a specific embodiment of the present invention:

referring to fig. 1, the low stress tool model is established based on the optimal model parameters and the optimal vibration aging parameters, and the low stress tool model is established based on the optimal model parameters and the optimal vibration aging parameters and the subsequent steps are carried out;

the step of obtaining optimal model parameters comprises:

analyzing the structure and the rigidity of the structural part, designing a special tool model by combining analysis data, further establishing a rigidity analysis model of the structural part and the tool, and analyzing to judge whether optimal model parameters are obtained or not; if the optimal model parameters are not obtained, when the adjustment model parameters are selected, returning to the step of establishing and analyzing a rigidity analysis model of the structural part and the tool, and when the adjustment tool parameters are selected, returning to the step of designing a special tool model; and if the optimal model parameters are obtained, preparing to establish a low-stress tool model.

The obtaining step of the optimal vibration aging parameter comprises the following steps:

collecting physical parameters of a structural part and analyzing a mechanical property model of the structural part, performing first residual stress detection on the structural part, performing second residual stress detection on the structural part by adopting frequency spectrum harmonic vibration aging treatment, performing comparative analysis according to detection data of the previous time and the next time, and judging whether optimal vibration aging parameters are obtained; if the optimal vibration aging parameters are not obtained, adjusting the vibration parameters, and returning to the step of frequency spectrum harmonic vibration aging treatment; and if the optimal vibration aging parameters are obtained, establishing a low-stress tool model by combining the optimal model parameters.

After a low-stress tool model is established, a large number of cutting parameter samples are obtained according to selection of different cutters and cutting parameters, machining simulation is carried out, a large number of simulation effect samples are obtained, the optimal simulation parameters are determined from the large number of simulation effect samples, and physical machining verification is carried out according to the optimal simulation parameters.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, from the comparison between the front and the back of the optimized processing flow, it can be known that, before the optimized processing flow is compared and optimized, between the two steps of heat treatment and semi-finish turning of the shape, the semi-finish milling inner cavity, the semi-finish milling window and the support lug are omitted, and after the optimization, the two steps of the rough milling inner cavity, the rough milling window and the support lug are exchanged, and the other steps are kept unchanged; the optimized processing flow can still achieve the effect before optimization after two steps are omitted, and compared with the processing flow before optimization, the processing flow shortens the processing time, reduces the cost of the processing flow and improves the processing efficiency.

And (3) processing a real object: the small end plane of the conical body 6 is tightly attached to the tooling bottom plate 1, the large end plane is arranged above the tooling bottom plate 1, the pin hole on the conical body 6 is aligned to the pin hole on the bottom plate, and a positioning pin is inserted to complete the positioning of the conical body 6; 9 clamping cylinders 4 are controlled by rotating the first manual control valve 1-1, and 9 pressing tables of the conical body 6 are pressed tightly; and then, rotating a second manual control valve 1-2 to control a first sliding table cylinder 2-1, so that a first clamping block 2-2 moves upwards to tightly hold the surface of the conical body 6, and then processing the inner cavity of the conical body 6.

The invention breaks through the technologies of analysis and determination of vibration aging parameters based on simulation, high-precision positioning of the conical body 6 and flexible clamping, and combines the application of a high-efficiency, low-cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly processing method, particularly for the conical body with a complex and thin wall structure, thereby improving the control level of deformation of the conical body 6 in the processing process and ensuring the consistency of the processing precision and the size of the conical body 6. The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.