阅读说明：本技术 提高口罩密封贴合性的高分子条状薄片材料及制备方法 (High-molecular strip-shaped sheet material for improving sealing and fitting performance of mask and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周昌林 杨营 周文燕 汪磊 刘杨 李永双 李德江 于 2020-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种提高口罩密封贴合性高分子条状薄片材料的制备方法。包括硅凝胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯中的一种或多种；硅凝胶由107硅胶、硅油、固化剂制成,水凝胶由水、甘油混合物、聚乙烯醇制成,聚氨酯由聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚、聚丙二醇、聚酯二元醇、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、小分子扩链剂合成。所制得的材料具有高度自粘性,能在皮肤水性、油性情况下拥有很好的黏贴性,一面高度紧密地贴合于使用者面部,另一面与口罩主体的周缘紧密贴合,解决口罩佩戴时口罩面部的密封性,尤其是鼻梁处的贴合性。本发明的自粘性高分子材料与口罩的无纺布具有粘结性,同时与人体皮肤具有粘性,容易从皮肤上撕下来,不残留,可耐环氧乙烷消毒。(The invention provides a preparation method of a high-molecular strip sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of a mask. Comprises one or more of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane; the silicone gel is prepared from 107 silicone gels, silicone oil and a curing agent, the hydrogel is prepared from water, a glycerol mixture and polyvinyl alcohol, and the polyurethane is synthesized from polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol, polyester diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate and a small molecular chain extender. The prepared material has high self-adhesion, can have good adhesion under the water-based and oil-based conditions of skin, one surface of the material is closely attached to the face of a user, and the other surface of the material is closely attached to the periphery of the mask main body, so that the sealing performance of the face of the mask when the mask is worn, especially the adhesion performance of the bridge of the nose is solved. The self-adhesive high polymer material has adhesion with non-woven fabrics of the mask, has adhesion with human skin, is easy to tear off from the skin, does not remain, and can resist ethylene oxide sterilization.)

1. The strip-shaped high-molecular sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask is characterized in that the material is one or more selected from silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane.

2. The strip-shaped polymer sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask according to claim 1, wherein the silicone gel is prepared from 107 silica gel, silicon dioxide, silazane, silicone oil and a curing agent.

3. The polymeric strip sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting properties of a mask according to claim 2, wherein the curing agent is a combination of dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyl phthalate and silicon-containing organic compounds; wherein the silicon-containing organic matter comprises any one of ethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidyl ether oxypropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.

4. The strip-shaped sheet material of high molecular weight for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask as claimed in claim 3, wherein the silicone gel comprises the following steps:

mixing silicone oil, silicon dioxide and silazane in parts by mass of 100 parts, 45-80 parts and 12-20 parts respectively, carrying out vacuum banburying at 190 ℃ under 170-;

mixing 2-4 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 1-3 parts of dibutyl phthalate and 85-110 parts of silicon-containing organic matter to prepare a component B;

mixing the A, B component and 100-1000 cp dimethyl silicone oil according to the mass ratio of 100:2: 50-100: 10:200, and pouring the mixture into a mold at room temperature for curing to obtain the silicone gel sealing material.

5. The strip-shaped polymer sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is prepared by physically crosslinking water, glycerin, gallic acid, tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 100:10-20:1-2:1-3: 30-40.

6. The strip-shaped polymer sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting properties of the mask according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogel is prepared by a method comprising: firstly, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol, gallic acid, tannic acid and glycerol in water, then pouring the solution into a mould, and crystallizing the polyvinyl alcohol at low temperature to form physical crosslinking at 0-5 ℃ to obtain the hydrogel material for sealing.

7. The strip-shaped high molecular sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting properties of the mask according to claim 1, wherein the polyurethane is synthesized by polymerization and crosslinking of polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol, polyester diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, glycerin, and small molecular diol;

the micromolecular dihydric alcohol comprises 1,4 butanediol and ethylene glycol;

the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol, polyester diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, glycerol and micromolecule diol is 250-500: 250-500: 250-500: 250-500: 170-230: 15-30: 6-25.

8. The strip-shaped polymer sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask according to claim 7, wherein the polyurethane is prepared by the following steps: heating polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol and polyester diol in a reaction bottle to 60-100 ℃, and removing water in vacuum;

then, cooling the dehydrated material to 40-60 ℃, and adding hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate into a reaction bottle according to the ratio of alcohol to isocyanate groups of 1:2-3 to synthesize a prepolymer;

and finally, adding the micromolecular dihydric alcohol into the reaction system according to the alcohol/isocyanate group ratio of 1:1-2, uniformly mixing, pouring the mixture into a mold at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ for curing, and obtaining the polyurethane sealing material.

9. The strip-shaped polymeric sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting properties of the mask according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the material is selected from the group consisting of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane, one of the materials is cast into a bottom layer of the sheet with a thickness of 0.5 to 2mm, and the other material is cast and attached to the bottom layer as an upper layer of the sheet with a thickness of 0.5 to 2mm, and the two materials are combined to form a double-layer composite strip-shaped sheet material.

10. The strip-shaped polymeric sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting properties of the mask according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the material is selected from the group consisting of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane, one of the materials is cast into a bottom layer of the sheet and has a thickness of 0.2 to 1mm, the second material is cast and attached to the bottom layer as a middle layer of the sheet and has a thickness of 0.2 to 1mm, the third material is cast and attached to the middle layer as an upper layer of the sheet and has a thickness of 0.2 to 1mm, and the three materials are combined to form a three-layer composite strip-shaped sheet material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-adhesive reusable high polymer material for improving the attaching performance of a mask, a nose bridge and two sides of face and a preparation method thereof.

Background

As is well known, a mask is a sanitary protection tool, is used for reducing or preventing harmful particles in air, including germs, viruses, suspended particles, harmful gases and the like, from being inhaled into respiratory systems such as lungs and the like, plays a certain role in protection, and is widely applied to the fields of labor protection and medical health. Especially when infectious diseases (viral infectious diseases such as SARS and new coronary pneumonia) are outbreak, the medical or other protective mask can effectively reduce the transmission route and the infection risk. The existing masks can be classified into air filtering type masks and air supply type masks, and can be classified into disposable three-layer civil masks, disposable medical masks, medical surgical masks, N95, N99, haze prevention masks and the like according to the protection grade. However, in any type of mask, the mask needs to be well attached to the face of a wearer when the mask is worn, otherwise viruses, germs, dust, droplets and the like in the air can easily enter an internal breathing space from a gap between the mask and the face without being filtered, particularly, when the mask inhales, the pressure difference can reach 12kPa, harmful substances can easily enter from the gap without being attached, and therefore the efficacy of the mask is weakened and reduced. However, the contours of the face of a person are different, and when different persons wear the same mask, the mask fits the face and the bridge of the nose to a different degree. The gauze mask of selling on the general market ubiquitous problem of gas tightness when actually wearing, lead to the gauze mask when actually wearing, the protective effect obviously reduces. Generally, under the tightening action of the mask belt, the mask edges at the cheeks and the chin are better matched with the contour of the face, tightly attached and better sealed. However, in the areas on the two sides of the face at the nose bridge and beside the nose bridge, because the contour is large in undulation, the raised nose bridge and the cheekbones on the two sides have the function of supporting points, under the action of the pulling force of the mask belt and the ears, the mask part between the nose bridge and the cheekbones tends to be straightened, so that a gap is formed between the upper edge of the mask and the periphery of the nose bridge face, and outside air directly enters the respiratory tract without being filtered by the mask. Simultaneously when wearing the gauze mask, the inboard one side of gauze mask bears the atmospheric pressure that the person of wearing exhales the production, and is the same to atmospheric pressure around the gauze mask, but the pulling force effect in gauze mask area that gauze mask upper edge department received can not laminate with facial fine, and the gas of exhaling can be followed gauze mask upper edge gap and run out during the expiration, leads to taking place to leak gas. In addition, most gauze masks adopt metal strip adjustment gauze mask and bridge of the nose laminating bend angle, though play certain supplementary leakproofness, but because the wire is inlayed inside the gauze mask upper limb, do not have direct contact with the outer surface bridge of the nose, there is certain hardness in wire self simultaneously, can not make the gauze mask laminate in bridge of the nose and two sides portion completely, this gauze mask that just leads to having the metal strip can not closely laminate with bridge of the nose top profile, here takes place gas leakage when causing to breathe. Therefore, the two sides of the nose bridge and the face are the parts which are most prone to air leakage and have the most serious air leakage when the mask is worn. The upper edge of the mask leaks air with the two sides of the nose bridge, so that the protective effect of the mask is reduced, and particularly, water vapor condenses on the glasses lens under a low-temperature environment, so that great trouble is caused to a wearer. Therefore, even if the protection level of the mask is high, the filtering effect and the protection performance of the mask are greatly reduced because the mask is not tightly sealed when people actually wear the mask. Therefore, the material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask and the nose bridge and the face of a wearer is developed, and the important significance is achieved for improving the filtering effect and the protective capability of the mask.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem that the nose bridge and two side faces of the existing mask are not tightly sealed in the wearing process, the invention provides a self-adhesive reusable high polymer material for improving the attaching performance of the mask, the nose bridge and the two side faces. This material mainly used improves wearing travelling comfort and the leakproofness of gauze mask, before wearing the gauze mask, this material can adhere by oneself in gauze mask both sides and last metal sealing strip department to improve the sealed effect of gauze mask, thereby improve barrier propterty. The self-adhesive high polymer material selected by the invention can adopt one or more of three high polymer materials of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane. The high-molecular strip-shaped sheet is composed of polyurethane/silicone gel or polyurethane/silicone gel/hydrogel, wherein the polyurethane mainly realizes good adhesion with the mask non-woven fabric polypropylene, and the silicone gel or hydrogel mainly contacts with facial skin;

the silicon gel is prepared from 107 silica gel, silicon dioxide, silazane, silicone oil and a curing agent.

The curing agent is a combination of dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyl phthalate and silicon-containing organic matters; wherein the silicon-containing organic matter comprises any one of ethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidyl ether oxypropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.

The silicone gel comprises the following preparation steps:

mixing silicone oil, silicon dioxide and silazane in parts by mass of 100 parts, 45-80 parts and 12-20 parts respectively, carrying out vacuum banburying at 190 ℃ under 170-;

2-4 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 1-3 parts of dibutyl phthalate and 85-110 parts of silicon-containing organic matter are mixed to prepare the component B.

Mixing the A, B component and 100-1000 cp dimethyl silicone oil according to the mass ratio of 100:2: 50-100: 10:200, and pouring the mixture into a mold at room temperature for curing to obtain the silicone gel sealing material.

The silica gel has viscosity and no toxicity, and is a good adhesive; the high polymer material has good viscosity, water solubility and rebound resilience, can be contacted with skin through the viscosity of the high polymer material, has good self-adhesion to water-based or oily skin, can be selectively attached to the skin, is mild and non-irritant to the contact of the skin, can be applied to the face of a mask and a wearer, particularly highly clings to the bridge of the nose, keeps the tightness, and effectively reduces harmful substances from entering the respiratory lung from a gap with the outside air.

The hydrogel comprises water, glycerol, gallic acid, tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol, and is prepared by physical crosslinking. The hydrogel comprises water, glycerol, gallic acid, tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 100:10-20:1-2:1-3: 30-40.

The hydrogel material is synthesized by the following method: firstly, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gallic acid, tannic acid and glycerol in water, and then pouring the solution into a mold with the temperature of 0-5 ℃ to crystallize the PVA at low temperature to form physical crosslinking, thus obtaining the hydrogel material for sealing. The material has certain moisture retention and self-adhesion, and is suitable for use by mask wearers with dry skin. The synthesized macromolecular strip-shaped sheet consists of glycerin plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, is physically cross-linked by the crystallization of the PVA, and has the characteristics of no toxicity, high strength, self-adhesion, good antibacterial property, good rebound resilience and the like.

The polyurethane is synthesized by polymerization and crosslinking reaction of polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol, polyester diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, glycerol and micromolecular diol. Wherein the small molecule dihydric alcohol comprises 1,4 butanediol and ethylene glycol.

The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol, polyester diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, glycerol and micromolecular diol in the polyurethane is 250-500: 250-500: 250-500: 250-500: 170-230: 15-30: 6-25.

The polyurethane material is mainly synthesized by the following method: firstly, heating polyethylene glycol (PEG), polytetrahydrofuran ether (PTEMG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), glycerol and polyester diol to 60-100 ℃ in a reaction bottle, and removing water in vacuum. Then the dehydrated material is cooled to 40-60 ℃, and metered Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is added into a reaction bottle according to the ratio of alcohol to isocyanate group of 1:2-3 (preferably 1: 2) to synthesize a prepolymer. Finally, adding metered 1, 4-butanediol, glycerol or ethylene glycol into the reaction system according to the ratio of alcohol to isocyanate group being 1:1-2 (preferably 1: 1), uniformly mixing, pouring the mixture into a mold at 40-80 ℃ for curing, and obtaining the polyurethane sealing material. The polyurethane has viscosity and flexibility due to the cross-linked structure, wherein the polyurethane has good viscosity in an aqueous environment due to the addition of PEG, and the polyurethane can still have viscosity in an oily skin environment due to the addition of PPG.

According to the technical scheme, the high-molecular strip-shaped sheet material for improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask is selected from one or two of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane, and can be applied to improving the sealing and fitting performance of the mask when a composite layer sheet is prepared by combining one silicone gel material and a PVA film according to the casting layer thickness ratio of 1: 1; specifically, the thickness of silicone gel, hydrogel or polyurethane is set to be 0.5-2 mm, and the thickness of PVA is set to be 0.5-2 mm.

If the mass ratio of the silicone gel to the hydrogel is 1:1, preparing the adhesive composite sheet; or the silicon gel and the polyurethane are combined to prepare the viscous composite sheet with the mass ratio of 1:1, so that the viscous composite sheet has better practical application viscosity effect, is harmless to human bodies and is comfortable.

As a preferred scheme, for dry skin, a strip-shaped thin sheet with the thickness of 0.5-2 mm is firstly built, a layer of 0.5-2 mm silicon gel material is additionally poured on the strip-shaped thin sheet, and finally a double-layer composite strip-shaped thin sheet formed by combining two materials is manufactured and used for improving the sealing and attaching of the mask.

For oily skin, the mask can be made of a combination of two materials, namely a polyurethane material strip sheet with the thickness of 0.5-2 mm is poured, a silicon gel material layer sheet with the thickness of 0.5-2 mm is poured, and a double-layer strip sheet with the combination of the two materials is additionally arranged on the polyurethane sheet and used for improving the sealing and attaching of the mask. The silicone gel is non-toxic and is suitable for human skin, and polyurethane and hydrogel can be tightly bonded with the mask. Therefore, the composite layer adhesive sheet prepared by adopting the two material combination modes can be applied to improving the sealing and fitting of the mask.

In order to achieve better effect, by combining the above conditions, three materials of silicone gel, hydrogel and polyurethane can be combined, and a composite layer sheet is prepared according to the thickness ratio of a casting layer to a casting layer of 1:1:1, so that the mask can be applied to improving the sealing and attaching of the mask; the method specifically comprises the steps of firstly casting a polyurethane material strip sheet with the thickness of 0.2-1mm, then casting a silicon gel material layer sheet with the thickness of 0.2-1mm on the polyurethane sheet, and finally casting a hydrogel material layer sheet with the thickness of 0.2-1mm on the silicon gel sheet to prepare a composite strip sheet sealing material combined by three layers of materials, wherein the composite strip sheet sealing material is used for improving the sealing and attaching of the mask.

The invention has the positive effects that: under the condition of not changing the production process and structure of the existing mask, the high polymer strip-shaped sheet materials prepared by three types of high polymer materials are adopted, so that people of different ages and different face outlines can conveniently adhere the high polymer strip-shaped sheet materials to the two sides of the mask and the upper metal sealing strip according to the actual wearing requirements, and the tightness and the comfort (the tightness and the comfort need to be explained by data) of the mask during wearing are improved. The invention can effectively reduce the transmission ways of infectious viruses and bacteria, and also effectively solve the problem that the water vapor generated when some wearers exhale generates fog on the glasses to interfere the sight in the lower temperature environment (below 18 ℃); the three types of high polymer materials related by the invention are non-toxic to human bodies, and the synthetic method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easy production and manufacture.

The invention provides a self-adhesive reusable polymer strip-shaped sheet material for improving the attaching performance of a mask to a nose bridge and two sides of face. Before the mask is worn by an individual, the material can be adhered to the two sides of the mask and the upper metal sealing strips by the individual, so that the wearing comfort and the sealing performance of the mask are improved. The self-adhesive polymer material for sealing the joint part is a silicon gel material prepared from 107 silica gel, silicone oil, a curing agent and the like, wherein the curing agent comprises a mixture of ethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidyl ether oxypropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dibutyltin dilaurate and a titanium complex (organic phthalate complex). The second is a hydrogel material made of water, a mixture of glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, and the third is a polyurethane material synthesized from polyethylene glycol (providing good adhesion in the case of aqueous), polytetrahydrofuran ether, polypropylene glycol (PPG), polyester diol, Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), small-molecule chain extenders (diol (difunctional) and glycerol (trifunctional)), and the like. The high polymer material prepared by the method has high self-adhesion, the viscosity is 1-1.5N/10 mm, the high polymer material can have good adhesion under the water-based and oil-based conditions of skin, one surface of the high polymer material is tightly attached to the face of a user, and the other surface of the high polymer material is tightly attached to the periphery of the mask main body, so that the sealing performance of the face of the mask when the mask is worn, especially the attachment performance of the bridge of the nose is solved. The material can effectively increase the dust prevention of the mask and prevent harmful particles in the ambient air, can reduce the spread of viruses and bacteria particularly when preventing infectious diseases, and effectively solves the problem that fog is formed on the glasses of a user wearing the glasses when the user exhales under the condition of low temperature, thereby relieving fog trouble. The three self-adhesive high polymer materials have certain adhesiveness with the non-woven fabric of the mask, have certain adhesiveness with human skin, are easy to tear off from the skin, are not residual, can resist ethylene oxide sterilization, particularly have certain adhesiveness to oily skin, have no stimulation to the skin, and can improve the filtering effect of the mask and the protection capability to the outside.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internally mounted mask, wherein the sealing adhesive strip is silicone gel or hydrogel or polyurethane.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an internally mounted mask, wherein the sealing adhesive strip is in two layers, each layer being a silicone gel or hydrogel or polyurethane.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an internally mounted mask, wherein the sealing adhesive strip is a three-layer strip, wherein the sealing adhesive strip is silicone gel or hydrogel or polyurethane.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of different masks and the embedding parts of sealing materials, wherein A is a schematic view of a convex mask full-embedding sealing material; b is a schematic diagram of embedding a sealing material at the nose bridge part of the convex mask; c is a schematic view of embedding a sealing material at the nose bridge part of the square mask; d is a schematic diagram of the fully-embedded sealing material of the square mask.

Fig. 5 is a comparison schematic diagram of the front and rear sealing effects of the wearing mask, wherein a is an effect diagram before wearing the mask, and B is an effect diagram after wearing the mask.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some embodiments of the invention are shown.