Electrical unit, plug and method for producing a plug
阅读说明:本技术 电气单元、插头以及制造插头的方法 (Electrical unit, plug and method for producing a plug ) 是由 埃内斯托·乔瓦尼·阿诺尔迪 保罗·林科尔恩·毛里诺 于 2020-03-25 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及电气单元、插头以及制造插头的方法,该电气单元比如是用于具有插入式连接的机动车辆的电动水泵(2)或电动散热器风扇(2′),其构造成使得能够简单且可靠地进行电接触,特别地,其特征在于通过以下事实实现:密封插头(1、1′)的线缆的独立导线(47)的裸露端部与接触舌片(50)之间的连接区域,并且可以确保充分的密封、特别是相对于沿着导线从所述单元的周围环境穿过插头(1、1′)进入至所述单元的外壳中的水分侵入确保充分的密封。在第二方面,开发了一种用于电气元件上的插入式连接的插头(1、1′)。在本发明的第三方面中,说明了一种制造用于电气单元(2、2′)的插入式连接的插头(1、1′)的方法。(The invention relates to an electrical unit, such as an electric water pump (2) or an electric radiator fan (2') for a motor vehicle with a plug-in connection, which is configured such that an electrical contact can be made simply and reliably, in particular, characterized by the fact that: the connection region between the exposed end of the individual wires (47) of the cable of the plug (1, 1 ') and the contact tongue (50) is sealed and a sufficient sealing can be ensured, in particular with respect to moisture ingress along the wires from the surroundings of the unit through the plug (1, 1') into the housing of the unit. In a second aspect, a plug (1, 1') for a plug-in connection on an electrical component is developed. In a third aspect of the invention, a method for producing a plug (1, 1 ') for plug-in connection of an electrical unit (2, 2') is described.)
1. Electrical unit for a motor vehicle, preferably an electric water pump (2) or an electric radiator fan (2 '), having a plug-in connection for electrical attachment to a vehicle electrical device, the electrical unit (2, 2') comprising a housing (20, 20 ') and a plug (1, 1'), in which housing (20, 20 ') an electric motor and an electronic device for actuating the electric motor are received, which electronic device is arranged on a printed circuit board and is connected to a contact socket, the plug (1, 1') providing the electronic device with a current supply or energy by means of an electrical contact between a contact tongue (50) of the plug (1, 1 ') and the contact socket, the contact between the contact socket and the contact tongue (50) taking place in a first end region (30) of the plug housing (34, 34'), the contact tongues (50) are in electrical contact with individual lines (47) of a supply line (46) of the vehicle electrical device and are held in an insulated manner, sealed in a central region (32) of a plug housing (34, 34 '), the plug housing (34, 34') further comprising a second end region (31), from which the individual lines (47) issue, and at least the first end region (30) of the plug (1, 1 ') is received in the housing (20, 20') of the electrical unit and preferably also the central region (32) of the plug (1, 1 ') is received in the housing (20, 20') of the electrical unit.
2. Electrical unit (2, 2 ') for a motor vehicle with plug-in connection according to claim 1, the plug (1, 1 ') being arranged in the region of the housing (20, 20 '), which region requires pressure equalization, and for ventilation purposes the plug (1, 1 ') having a ventilation duct (40), the ventilation duct (40) opening out into an inlet/outlet opening (42) in the second end region (31) starting from an inlet/outlet opening (41) in the first end region (30), and thus a balancing between the interior space of the housing and the exterior surroundings (U) of the housing (20, 20 ') is possible.
3. Electrical unit (2) for a motor vehicle with plug-in connection according to claim 2, at least one of the two inlet/outlet openings (41, 42) being closed by means of a membrane (44), preferably a Goerts membrane.
4. A plug (1, 1 '), the plug (1, 1 ') being for plug-in connection on an electrical unit (2, 2 '), the plug (1, 1 ') comprising a plug housing (34, 34 ') made of plastic, the plug housing (34, 34 ') having a first end region (30), a second end region (31) and a central region (32), a plurality of contact tongues (50) being provided, the plurality of contact tongues (50) comprising a first end region (51), a second end region (53) and a central region (52), and at least the central region (52) of the plurality of contact tongues (50) being held in the first end region (30) in an encapsulated manner by plastic, and a plurality of individual wires (47) of a multi-core cable (46) leading out from the second end region (31) of the plug housing (34, 34 '), the plurality of individual conductors (47) comprising an insulated encapsulation (47b) and an exposed end region (47a), and the individual conductors (47) are connected and electrically contacted in a central region (32) of the plug housing (34, 34') by means of the exposed end regions (47a) to a first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50) or to a first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50), and the contact points between the individual conductors (47) and the contact tongues (50) at least in the central region of the plug housing are impregnated with a sealing material (60, 61), preferably a resin (60), or is retained by overmoulding, sealing or embedding by a thermoplastic material (61), and the plug (1, 1') further comprises strain relief means for the separate conductor (47).
5. Plug (1, 1') according to claim 4, the plug housing (34) being constructed as a plate-like element from a molded plastic material, and the central region (32) of the plug housing (34) having a window-like recess (33), and the window-like recess (33) being filled with a sealing potting compound (60), the contact points/electrical contacts between the contact tongues (50) and the individual conductors (47) being constructed in the window-like recess (33).
6. Plug (1, 1') according to claim 4 or 5, the second end region (31) of the plug housing (34) having a plurality of through-holes (35) in which the individual conductors (47) are held in a lead-through manner and in which an integral bonding connection for the strain relief means is formed between an insulating encapsulation (47b) of the individual conductors (47) and the plug housing (34) in the region of the through-holes (35).
7. Plug (1, 1 ') according to claim 4, the plug housing (34') being formed as a plate-like element having the first end region (30) and an integrally formed lateral leg (36), the lateral leg (36) forming a central region (32) and a second end region (31), a U-shaped recess (37) being formed between the first end region (30) and the lateral leg (36), and an elongated recess (38) being configured in the first end region (30), the second end region (53, 54) of the contact tongue (50) being positioned in the elongated recess (38).
8. A plug (1, 1 ') according to claim 7, the contact points between the U-shaped recess (37) and the contact tongues (50) and the separate wires (47), the side regions of the plug housing (34, 34 ') delimiting the U-shaped recess (37) and the elongated recess (38) of the first end region of the plug housing (34, 34 ') being overmoulded by the thermoplastic material, whereby a sealing is achieved by means of the thermoplastic material, such that the end (54) of the contact tongues (50) at least in the first end region (30) remains free to contact a contact socket, and the strain relief means are formed by means of the embedding of the separate wires (47) in the thermoplastic material (61).
9. Plug (1, 1') according to one of claims 4 to 8, the contact between the contact tongue (50) and the individual conductor (47) being realized by a soldered connection.
10. Plug (1, 1') according to one of claims 4 to 8, the contact between the contact tongue (50) and the individual conductor (47) being realized by a crimp connection (C).
11. Plug (1, 1 ') according to one of the preceding claims, the plug housing (34, 34') comprising a venting/pressure equalization duct (40), the venting/pressure equalization duct (40) opening out into an inlet/outlet opening (42) arranged in the second end region (31) starting from an inlet/outlet opening (41) arranged in the first end region (30).
12. Plug (1, 1') according to claim 11, at least one of the two inlet/outlet openings (41, 42), preferably the inlet/outlet opening (41) located in the first end region (30), being sealed by a membrane (44), preferably a golts membrane.
13. Method for manufacturing a plug (1, 1 '), the plug (1, 1 ') being used for a plug-in connection on an electrical unit, such as a water pump (2) or a radiator fan (2 '), having the following method steps:
a) providing a plurality of contact tongues (50) made of an electrically conductive material, the contact tongues (50) having a first end region (51), a central region (52) and a second end region (53), the second end region (53) preferably comprising an end (54) bent at 90 degrees,
b) providing a mold for producing a plug housing (34, 34 ') from a plastic material, the plug housing (34, 34') having a first end region (30), a central region (32) with a window-like recess (33) and a second end region (31) with a through-opening (35) for a separate conductor (47),
c) inserting the contact tongue (50) into the mould such that, after the moulding process, the contact tongue (50) remains in a first end region (30) of the plug housing (34, 34') such that the contact tongue (50) is encapsulated by plastic in its central region (52), the second end region (53, 54) is freely accessible, and a first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50) is arranged in the window-shaped section (33),
d) producing the plug housing (34, 34') with the shaped contact tongues (50) in the mould by a plastic forming method, preferably by a casting method, an injection moulding method or a transfer moulding method,
e) providing a multi-core supply cable (46) having a plurality of individual conductors (47), said individual conductors (47) comprising an insulated enclosure (47b) and an exposed end region (47a),
f) inserting the individual conductor (47) through the through-hole (35) in the second end region (31) of the plug housing (34, 34'),
g) an electrically conductive connection is produced between the individual conductors (47) and a first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50),
h) by supplying heat and/or pressure, an integral joint and/or a non-rigid connection is produced between the encapsulation (47b) of the separate conductor (47) and the through-hole (35),
i) a seal (60) is produced in the window-like recess (33) by casting a sealing potting compound, preferably a resin, into the window-like recess (33).
14. Method for manufacturing a plug (1, 1 '), the plug (1, 1 ') being used for a plug-in connection on an electrical unit, such as a water pump (2) or a radiator fan (2 '), having the following method steps:
a) providing a plurality of contact tongues (50) made of an electrically conductive material, the contact tongues (50) having a first end region (51), a central region (52) and a second end region (53), the second end region (53) preferably comprising ends (54) offset by 90 degrees,
b) providing a multi-core supply cable (46) having a plurality of individual conductors (47), said individual conductors (47) comprising an insulated enclosure (47b) and an exposed end region (47a),
c) an electrically conductive connection is produced between the individual conductors (47) and a first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50),
d) providing a mold for producing a plug housing (34, 34 ') from a plastic material, the plug housing (34, 34') having a first end region (30) and laterally integrally formed legs (36), a U-shaped recess (37) configured between the legs (36), and a second end region (31), the first end region (30) comprising an elongated recess (38), the legs (36) having a central region (32),
e) inserting the contact tongue (50) with the connected separate core (47) into the mold such that the contact tongue (50) remains in a first end region (50) of the plug housing (34') after the molding process such that the contact tongue (50) is encapsulated by plastic in its central region (52) and the second end region (53, 54) is arranged in the elongated recess (38) such that the second end region (53, 54) is freely accessible and the first end region (51) of the contact tongue (50) with the connected separate core (47) is arranged in the U-shaped recess (37),
f) producing the plug housing (34') with the shaped contact tongues (50) in the mould by a plastic forming method, preferably by a casting method, an injection moulding method or a transfer moulding method,
g) producing a seal (61) by: the contact points between the U-shaped recess (37) and the contact tongues (50) and the individual wires (47), the side regions of the plug housing (34 ') delimiting the U-shaped recess (37) and the elongated recess (38) of the first end region (30) of the plug housing (34 ') are overmoulded with a thermoplastic material such that at least the ends (54) of the second end region of the contact tongues (50) remain free to come into contact with the contact sockets and a strain relief is formed by means of the embedding of the individual wires (47) in the thermoplastic material and the second end region of the plug housing (34 ') is increased.
15. Method for manufacturing a plug (1, 1 ') according to claim 13 or 14, the plug housing (34, 34') being manufactured with a venting duct (40), the venting duct (40) starting from an inlet/outlet opening (41) in a first end region (30) of the plug housing (34, 34 ') opening into an inlet/outlet opening (42) in a second end region (31) of the plug housing (34, 34').
16. Method for manufacturing a plug (1, 1') according to claim 15, in a further method step a seal, preferably a golts membrane (44), for sealing against environmental influences is applied to at least one of the inlet/outlet openings (41, 42), preferably to the inlet/outlet opening (41) in the first end region.
17. The method of claim 16, said applying being performed by an ultrasonic welding process.
18. Method for manufacturing a plug (1, 1') according to claim 13 or 14, the contact tongues (50) being fed in an automatic manner starting from a reel.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrical unit, such as an electric water pump or an electric radiator fan for a motor vehicle with a plug-in connection, to a plug for a plug-in connection on an electrical unit of this type, and to a method for manufacturing a plug for a plug-in connection on an electrical unit of this type.
Background
For example, an electric water pump or an electric radiator fan is understood as an electrical unit of a motor vehicle.
An electric water pump is known, for example, from US 9360015B1 and is driven by an electric motor comprising a stator and a rotor. The rotor is connected to a pump impeller for moving the fluid. Fluid enters the pump through an inlet in the volute, contacts the pump impeller, and moves through an outlet in the volute. The rotor and stator of the electric machine are housed in a housing connected to a volute. The electronics of the motor are housed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The printed circuit board includes electronic components that electronically control the operation of the motor. The current supply or energy is transmitted via a plug which is connected to the wiring harness of the vehicle electrical device. Here, the electrical contact is made through the conductive contact tongues of the plug, which are electrically connected to the individual wires/cores of the wiring harness, which are in electrical contact with the corresponding conductive contact sockets of the printed circuit board. The contact between the printed circuit board and the plug is usually designed as a plug-in connection, wherein the plug and the contact tongues arranged on the end side are at least partially inserted into the housing of the water pump and establish a connection to the printed circuit board.
Electrically powered radiator fans are also known in various embodiments and include a fan impeller axially disposed on a drivable shaft and a fan motor for driving, the fan impeller and fan motor being disposed in a housing. Electronics to control operation of the motor are also located within the housing. In the case of a radiator fan, the power supply or energy is also transmitted through a plug connected to the wiring harness of the vehicle electrical equipment.
In the case of plug-in connections of this type, in particular in applications in motor vehicles, the production of a sufficient seal of the plug and/or of the plug-in connection is problematic, which firstly protects the contact regions in the plug which are present between the contact tongues and the wire ends of the cable, and furthermore, between the individual wires of the plug and/or the cable and the plug carrier/plug housing which receives the wires, a sufficient seal against environmental influences, in particular moisture, is present, with the result that moisture and/or gas can be prevented from entering the pump housing from the surroundings of the pump housing and/or from the surroundings of the radiator fan into the housing of the radiator fan via the plug.
Disclosure of Invention
In a first aspect, the invention aims to construct an electrical unit, such as a water pump or a radiator fan of a motor vehicle with a plug-in connection, so as to achieve a simple and reliable electrical contact, in particular characterized in that the connection region between the contact tongues and the exposed ends of the individual wires of the cable of the plug is sealed and a sufficient sealing can be ensured, in particular with respect to moisture ingress along the wires from the surroundings of the unit through the plug into the housing of the unit.
In a second aspect, the object is to develop a plug for a plug-in connection on an electrical unit, such as a water pump or a radiator fan; in particular, the plug should have a strain relief and have a seal, in particular a moisture-proof seal, in the electrical contact region between the contact tongues and the wire ends of the cable, and the plug can ensure a sufficient seal, in particular with respect to moisture ingress along the wires from the surroundings of the unit through the plug into the plug housing in the direction of the contact tongues.
In a third aspect of the invention, another object is considered to be a method of manufacturing a plug for a plug-in connection of an electrical unit. In particular, an inexpensive, rapid and automatable method is to be provided.
The sealing measures described below provide sealing against environmental influences. In the context of the present invention, environmental influences are understood to mean atmospheric influences, such as pollutants, dust, moisture, oil and electrostatic discharges.
The object of the first aspect is achieved by the features of
The object of the second aspect is achieved by the features of claim 4. In particular, the sealing in the electrical connection region between the exposed end of the individual wires of the cable in the plug and the contact tongues is improved here. Furthermore, a seal, that is to say a seal between the cable sheath, the outer sheath of the wires and the plug housing, is achieved in the longitudinal direction of the cable or the individual wires, as a result of which penetration of environmental influences in the region of the plug into the plug-in connection and into the housing of the unit, for example a water pump or a radiator fan, is avoided.
Furthermore, the plug according to the invention is configured such that the individual wires of the cable are integrated in the plug housing in a strain-free manner. This is achieved due to the following factors: the individual wires are inserted through corresponding holes of the plug housing and due to a heat treatment/hot pressing operation a non-rigid/integral bonded connection is established between the plug housing introduced into the pass-through area and the individual wires.
The potting compound, which seals the connection between the individual conductors and the contact tongues, which is made of resin, forms a seal in the region, and furthermore it is a barrier for preventing atmospheric influences, such as moisture, from penetrating from the surroundings of the electrical unit through the plug to the housing of the electrical unit.
In another embodiment that achieves the objects of the first and second aspects, the exposed end of the individual wire is connected to the contact tongue by a crimp connection. The crimped connection produces a reliable connection between the end of the wire and the contact tongue. In the case of the exemplary embodiment, the seal between the individual conductors and the contact tongues is produced by a thermoplastic material which encloses the connection region and at the same time is partially embedded in the main support of the plug housing. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned sealing function, a strain relief of the individual wires is achieved, which is produced by the bonding between the plastic encapsulation of the individual wires and the thermoplastic material.
In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the plug-in connector has a pressure compensation line which makes possible a pressure compensation between the interior of the housing of the electrical unit, such as a water pump or a radiator fan, and the surroundings of the electrical unit, such as a water pump or a radiator fan. By means of the advantageous development, ventilation/pressure equalization can be provided in the plug in an integrated manner, so that a separate pressure equalization device at another location of the housing can be dispensed with.
The pressure equalization duct is advantageously provided with a membrane, preferably a golts membrane, in the region of the inlet and/or outlet opening. As a result, a seal is also achieved in that region of the pressure equalization device, which establishes a connection between the interior of the housing and the surroundings of the electrical unit, in relation to environmental influences such as moisture.
The inlet and/or outlet opening with the membrane is further advantageously arranged in a region of the plug which is located inside the housing after assembly with an electrical unit, such as a water pump or a radiator fan. In this position, the membrane is arranged in a protected position in the housing of the pump or radiator fan.
In a third aspect, the invention is achieved by a method for manufacturing a plug according to claim 13 or 14.
In particular, the method can be carried out in a rapid and automated manner. This can be achieved by the fact that: according to a first exemplary embodiment of the plug, in a first method step, the contact tongues are fed from the reel. The seal is advantageously produced as a barrier in the contact region between the end of the line and the contact tongue by pouring the mixture during casting.
According to a refinement of the method according to the invention, the film for sealing the pressure equalization channel is fed in a manner starting from a roll. As a result, the application of the membrane in the area of the inlet opening and the outlet opening is greatly simplified, since no separate membrane element has to be grasped and applied.
The fixing of the membrane is preferably carried out by means of an ultrasonic welding method.
The method according to the invention is significantly simplified according to a second design variant of the plug according to the invention, in particular by forming a crimp connection between the wire end and the contact tongue. The sealing and strain relief in the region of the conductor and the plug housing is thereby achieved quickly and reliably by overmoulding the conductor in a region of the main support, which forms the receptacle for the contact tongues, and in the region of the crimped connection with the contact tongues. The crimp connection contacts the region of the tongue. Thermoplastic materials are preferably used as materials.
In the case of the method according to the second exemplary embodiment, the barrier region for sealing the contact point between the individual line and the contact tongue and the second end region of the plug are furthermore advantageously realized by means of a thermoplastic material. As a result, the manufacturing method can be optimized, in particular in terms of time. The curing time required in the case of using a casting resin is eliminated.
Drawings
The invention will be described hereinafter on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 illustrates an exemplary electric water pump according to the present invention,
figure 2 illustrates a cross-section of an exemplary electric water pump,
fig. 3 shows a detail of the housing of the water pump in a front view, with a plug-in attached plug,
fig. 4 shows a detail of the housing of the water pump in a rear view, with the plug attached in a plug-in connection,
figures 5a to 5f show method steps for producing a first embodiment of a plug for a plug-in connection,
figure 6 shows a plug according to the invention manufactured according to figures 5a to 5f in a three-dimensional view from below,
figure 7 shows a plug according to the invention after the method steps of figures 5d and 5e in a view from below in a sectioned state,
fig. 8 shows a plug according to the invention in a further rotated perspective view of a partial view after the method steps of fig. 5d and 5 e.
Figures 9a to 9c show method steps for producing a plug of a plug-in connection of a second embodiment,
fig. 10 shows a perspective view of a radiator fan with a plug according to a second exemplary embodiment, an
Fig. 11 shows a view of the interior of a radiator fan with a fan wheel and a mounted plug.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 and 2 show an electric water pump known from the prior art. Which is driven by a motor comprising a
Fig. 1 and 2 show the arrangement of the
Fig. 3 and 4 show the
Fig. 5a to 5f show a method according to the invention for producing a
In a first method step according to fig. 5a, a
In a second method step according to fig. 5b, the
Furthermore, the
After molding of the
In a subsequent method step 5c, the inlet/outlet opening 41 in the
Fig. 5d shows a next method step, in which the
Thereafter, by applying heat and/or pressure in said region, a strain-resistant connection is produced between the
After the strain-resistant connection between the
Fig. 6 shows the
The illustration of fig. 7 shows, by means of an arrow P1, a
The partial view of fig. 8 shows the course of a ventilation hole with an inlet opening and an outlet opening.
Fig. 9a to 9c show a further method according to the invention for producing a plug for a plug-in connection on a water pump in a second embodiment.
In contrast to the above-described production method, according to the second embodiment of the plug 1a (shown in fig. 9 a), in a first method step the
In a second method step according to fig. 9b, the
After the molding method, the
Furthermore, the plug housing 34' is configured with a ventilation duct 40, which ventilation duct 40 extends from an inlet/outlet opening 42 into an inlet/
The left-hand view of fig. 9b shows the plug 1' from below after the above-described moulding method. The right-hand view shows the plug 1' in a method step in a plan view.
In a subsequent method step shown in fig. 9c, the plug housing 1 'is overmolded in the region of the
As can be seen from the right-hand view of fig. 9c, the
The
Fig. 10 and 11 show a radiator fan 2 'as an electrical unit with a mounted plug 1' according to a second exemplary embodiment. As can be seen from the illustration in fig. 10, at least a first end region of the plug housing 34 'is received in the interior space of the radiator fan in a manner enclosed by the housing 20'. It goes without saying that the
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