阅读说明：本技术 三相定子交叉式磁化永磁开关磁阻电机 (Three-phase stator crossed magnetized permanent-magnet switch reluctance motor ) 是由 陈东豪 罗桂娥 毛先柏 于 2019-03-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明专利公开了三相定子交叉式磁化永磁开关磁阻电机,包括轮毂式外壳,定子和转子。定子结构包括：定子轴、定子磁轭、定子磁极、定子铁芯以及定子磁极绕组,定子轴用于固定定子铁芯,定子铁芯四周均匀分布有定子磁轭和定子磁极；转子包括：转子磁轭、永磁体和转子磁极,永磁体均匀分布在转子磁轭中间,相邻永磁体近端的极性相同。本发明运行时,有2/3的转子磁极和定子磁极工作,功率密度大,结构简单,维修保养方便。(The invention discloses a three-phase stator crossed magnetized permanent magnet switched reluctance motor which comprises a hub type shell, a stator and a rotor. The stator structure includes: the stator shaft is used for fixing the stator core, and the stator magnetic yokes and the stator magnetic poles are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the stator core; the rotor includes: the permanent magnets are uniformly distributed in the middle of the rotor magnetic yoke, and the polarities of the near ends of the adjacent permanent magnets are the same. When the invention is operated, 2/3 rotor magnetic pole and stator magnetic pole work, power density is large, structure is simple, and maintenance is convenient.)

1. The crossed magnetized permanent-magnet switched reluctance motor with the three-phase stator is characterized in that: including wheel hub formula shell (5), stator and rotor, separate the inseparable cover of magnetism bush at the outer rotor core, closely fix at motor outer rotor core surface, wheel hub shell side end cover passes through the bearing and is connected with the stator shaft, stator structure includes: the stator comprises a hollow cylindrical stator shaft (8), a stator magnetic yoke (9), a stator magnetic pole (7), a stator iron core (10) and a stator magnetic pole winding (6), wherein the hollow cylindrical stator shaft (8), the stator magnetic yoke (9), the stator magnetic pole (7), the stator iron core (10) and the stator magnetic pole winding (6) are mechanically connected with the outside, the stator shaft (8) is used for fixing the stator iron core (10), the wire inlet end of the stator magnetic pole winding (6) penetrates through the stator shaft (8), the stator magnetic pole winding is in symmetrical star connection, and the stator magnetic yoke; the rotor structure includes: the permanent magnet magnetizing device comprises a rotor magnetic yoke (3), a permanent magnet (2) magnetized in thickness and a rotor magnetic pole (1), wherein the rotor magnetic yoke (3) and the rotor magnetic pole (1) form a rotor iron core (4), the permanent magnets (2) are uniformly distributed in the middle of the rotor magnetic yoke (3), and the polarities of the near ends of the adjacent permanent magnets are the same, so that the rotor magnetic poles (1) are sequentially distributed in an N-S cross manner along the circumference; the current direction and the on-off of the stator winding (6) are controlled by the three-phase H-bridge IGBT module, the current phase change rule is changed, and the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor are realized.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing and application, and particularly relates to a three-phase stator crossed magnetized permanent magnet switched reluctance motor for driving an electric bicycle or an electric automobile.

Background

At present, small electric motorcycles and electric bicycles are more and more practical and wider, and basically replace bicycles in a trip mode. The electric motor and the electric bicycle need the motor with the characteristics of small volume, light weight, flexible speed regulation and the like. Therefore, the hub type outer rotor permanent magnet magnetization switched reluctance motor has the advantages that: the hub type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor has higher power density than a common switched reluctance motor, so that under the requirement of the same output power, the hub type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor can have smaller volume and larger output torque; the noise requirement of the electric motor and the electric bicycle for the motor is low, and the rotating speed is slow. Therefore, the disadvantage of the permanent magnet switched reluctance motor that the noise is relatively large becomes a secondary factor; the speed regulation of the hub type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnetic switch reluctance motor is smoother, and the speed response is faster.

Compared with an inner rotor, the hub type three-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor in the form of the outer rotor can save a large number of transmission parts of a vehicle and optimize the structure of the whole vehicle, so that the design process of the electric vehicle is reduced, the size of the electric vehicle is reduced, and the complexity is reduced. The hub type three-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor adopts the form of an outer rotor, and compared with the inner rotor switched reluctance motor, the outer rotor has larger output torque under the same size and output power.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a three-phase stator crossed magnetized permanent magnet switched reluctance motor, which fully utilizes the structural characteristics of the switched reluctance motor and achieves the excellent characteristics of small volume, high power density, simple structure and convenient speed regulation.

The invention includes hub type outer cover, stator and rotor, the hub type outer cover is non-magnetic material, fix on the outer surface of outer rotor core of the electrical machinery closely, the side end cap of the hub type outer cover is connected with stator shaft through the bearing, the said stator structure includes: the stator shaft is used for fixing the stator core, the wire inlet end of the stator magnetic pole winding penetrates through the stator shaft, the stator magnetic pole winding is connected in a symmetrical star shape, and the stator magnetic yoke and the stator magnetic poles are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the stator core; the rotor structure includes: the permanent magnets are uniformly distributed in the middle of the rotor magnetic yoke, and the polarities of the near ends of the adjacent permanent magnets are the same, so that the rotor magnetic poles are sequentially distributed in a N-S cross manner along the circumference; the direction and the on-off of the current of the stator winding are controlled by the three-phase H-bridge IGBT module, the current commutation rule is changed, and the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor are realized.

The stator phase in-phase magnetic pole winding is formed by connecting two or more groups of windings in parallel, the stator three-phase windings are connected in a star shape, and two phases of the three-phase windings are supplied with power simultaneously according to a current phase change rule. At any working moment, the working rotor magnetic pole is driven by two acting forces of electromagnetic pulling force and pushing force.

A hollow stator shaft is fixed at the circle center position of a stator core and connected with an external mechanical structure, a bearing is arranged on the stator shaft, and the surface of the bearing is fixed at the circle center positions of shells on the two sides of a hub.

The hub is sleeved on the non-magnetic conductive bush, and then the magnetic isolation bush is tightly sleeved on the outer rotor iron core, or the non-magnetic conductive hub is directly and tightly fixed on the outer rotor iron core.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the permanent magnets magnetized in the thickness direction are embedded in the rotor magnetic poles, and each rotor magnetic pole is magnetized by the two permanent magnets, so that the power density and the output torque of the motor are increased, and the volume of the motor is reduced.

2. The particular arrangement of the stator pole windings is such that the windings of each phase are in operation except where the stator and rotor poles are aligned. The utilization rate of the motor is improved, and the driving mode of the motor is simplified.

3. The invention adopts the form of the outer rotor, and simplifies the transmission mechanism of the motor when the motor is applied to the aspect of electric vehicles. In addition, the motor disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and easy to maintain and repair.

4. The invention adopts the mode of parallel connection of the same phase windings, can adopt the mode of low voltage and large current to drive the motor, and conforms to the characteristic of low voltage grade of the electric vehicle. Under the condition of the same voltage, larger current can flow through the winding, so that the motor has larger output power.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hub type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnetic switched reluctance motor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the stator pole winding configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic of phase winding connections;

FIG. 4 is a power supply schematic of the power section of the three-phase winding;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the direction of energization when the motor is rotating clockwise with the stator phase A winding aligned with the rotor pole N;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the direction of energization when the motor is rotating clockwise with the stator C-phase winding aligned with the rotor S-pole magnetic poles;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the direction of energization when the motor is rotating clockwise with the stator phase B windings aligned with the rotor N poles;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the direction of energization when the motor is rotating clockwise with the stator phase A windings aligned with the rotor S pole poles;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the direction of energization when the motor is rotating clockwise with the stator C-phase winding aligned with the rotor N-pole;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the energization direction when the motor rotates clockwise with the stator B-phase winding and the rotor S-pole aligned.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the three-phase stator cross-type magnetized permanent magnet switched reluctance motor includes a hub 5 tightly fixed on a rotor core 4, and the hub 5 is made of a non-magnetic material. The permanent magnet 2 magnetized in the thickness direction is embedded in the rotor magnetic yoke 3, and the permanent magnet magnetizes two adjacent rotor magnetic poles 1. The specific installation mode of the permanent magnet is as follows: the adjacent permanent magnets are close to each other in the same pole and embedded into the rotor magnetic yoke along the circumferential direction of the rotor. This arrangement causes the rotor poles to be simultaneously magnetized by the like polarity ends of two adjacent permanent magnets. Rotor pole polarity N, S is distributed crosswise. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the coils of the in-phase pole winding have the same winding direction, the same number of turns, and the same wire diameter. The dotted ends of the pole windings are denoted by "+", and the dotted ends are named as head ends, which are denoted by "a", "b", and "c", respectively. The synonym end is the end, and the end is respectively represented by 'x', 'y' and 'z'.

The rotor part is provided with end covers at two sides of the hub, and the end covers are connected with the stator shaft through bearings to fix the stator and the rotor. In the 6/4-pole motor of the present embodiment, the arc of the rotor pole 1 is 32 °, and the arc of the stator pole 7 is 30 °.

As shown in fig. 3, the same-phase pole winding has a head end connected to the head end and a tail end connected to the tail end, and forms a phase winding in parallel, and three-phase windings are connected in star. As shown in fig. 4, the three-phase winding is driven by a three-phase H-bridge IGBT module, and the phase winding head ends a, B, C are connected with the IGBT module output ends U, V, W.

The position of the stator and rotor magnetic poles determines the commutation current direction of the three-phase windings A, B and C. The position detection is realized by a position sensor. The current phase change principle of the three-phase winding is as follows: after the magnetic poles of any one phase of fixed rotor of the motor are aligned, the current phase change is started. The specific current commutation rule is shown in table 1, the starting position of the motor is shown in fig. 5, and the phase A winding of the stator of the motor is aligned with the N pole of the rotor, wherein A₁And N₁Alignment, A₂And B₂And (4) aligning. And setting the forward current as the current flowing from the same-name end. The reverse current is the current flowing in from the synonym terminal. The operation of the hub type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor during three-phase winding commutation is further described according to the schematic diagrams of fig. 5 to 10:

firstly, as shown in fig. 5, the motor stator winding A phase is superposed with the central line of the rotor N pole. Wherein the stator pole A₁And rotor magnetic pole N₁Aligned, stator pole A₂And rotor magnetic pole N₂And (4) aligning. Shown in FIG. 4, T₂、T₆And simultaneously, the other four tubes are switched on and switched off. Stator pole winding B₁、B₂Forward current was applied, as shown in FIG. 5, according to the right-hand screw rule, B₁、B₂And S polarity is generated, repulsive force is generated to the S pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. Stator pole winding C₁、C₂By applying reverse current, according to the right-hand screw rule, C₁、C₂To generate N polarity to attract adjacent rotor magnetic poles SForce, pushing the rotor to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the rotor is dragged to rotate clockwise by the electromagnetic torque generated under the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator magnetic poles B and the stator magnetic poles C.

And secondly, as shown in fig. 6, the C phase of the stator winding of the motor is superposed with the central line of the S-pole magnetic pole of the rotor. With the stator pole C1 aligned with the rotor pole S1 and the stator pole C2 aligned with the rotor pole S2. As shown in FIG. 4, T2 and T4 are turned on simultaneously, the remaining four tubes are turned off, and the stator pole winding B is turned on₁、B₂And positive current is conducted. According to the right-hand screw rule, B, shown in FIG. 6₁、B₂And the S polarity is generated, and the attraction force is generated on the N pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole to push the rotor to rotate clockwise. The stator pole windings A1 and A2 are electrified with reverse current, according to the right-hand spiral rule, N polarity is generated by A1 and A2, repulsive force is generated on the N pole of the adjacent rotor pole, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque generated under the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator magnetic poles a and the stator magnetic poles B drags the rotor to rotate clockwise.

And (III) as shown in fig. 7, the center lines of the stator winding B phase of the motor and the rotor N-pole magnetic pole are superposed. With the stator pole B1 aligned with the rotor pole N1 and the stator pole B2 aligned with the rotor pole N2. As shown in fig. 4, T3 and T4 are simultaneously turned on, and the remaining four tubes are turned off. Stator pole winding C₁、C₂Forward current was applied, as shown in FIG. 7, according to the right hand screw rule, C₁、C₂And S polarity is generated, repulsive force is generated to the S pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. The stator pole windings A1 and A2 are electrified with reverse currents, according to the right-hand spiral rule, the A1 and A2 generate N polarity, attraction force is generated on adjacent rotor poles S, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque generated under the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator magnetic pole C and the stator magnetic pole a drags the rotor to rotate clockwise.

And (IV) as shown in fig. 8, the A phase of the stator winding of the motor is superposed with the central line of the S pole of the rotor. With the stator pole a1 aligned with the rotor pole S2 and the stator pole a2 aligned with the rotor pole S1. As shown in fig. 4, T3 and T5 are simultaneously turned on, and the remaining four tubes are turned off. Stator pole winding C₁、C₂Supply of forward current, as shown in FIG. 8, according toRight hand screw rule, C₁、C₂And the S polarity is generated, and the attraction force is generated on the N pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole to push the rotor to rotate clockwise. The stator pole windings B1 and B2 are electrified with reverse current, according to the right-hand screw rule, the stator pole windings B1 and B2 generate N polarity, and generate repulsive force to the adjacent rotor pole N to push the rotor to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the rotor is dragged to rotate clockwise by the electromagnetic torque generated under the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator magnetic poles B and the stator magnetic poles C.

And (V) as shown in fig. 9, the C phase of the motor stator winding is superposed with the central line of the rotor N-pole magnetic pole. With the stator pole C1 aligned with the rotor pole N1 and the stator pole C2 aligned with the rotor pole N2. As shown in fig. 4, T1 and T5 are simultaneously turned on, and the remaining four tubes are turned off. Stator pole winding A₁、A₂Forward current was applied, according to the right hand screw rule, A, shown in FIG. 9₁、A₂And S polarity is generated, repulsive force is generated to the S pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. The stator pole windings B1 and B2 are electrified with reverse currents, according to the right-hand spiral rule, the stator pole windings B1 and B2 generate N polarity, attraction force is generated on adjacent rotor poles S, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque generated under the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator magnetic poles B and the stator magnetic poles a drags the rotor to rotate clockwise.

And (VI) as shown in figure 10, the center lines of the stator winding B phase and the rotor S pole of the motor are superposed. With the stator pole B1 aligned with the rotor pole S2 and the stator pole B2 aligned with the rotor pole S1. As shown in fig. 4, T1 and T6 are simultaneously turned on, and the remaining four tubes are turned off. Stator pole winding A₁、A₂Forward current was applied according to the right hand screw rule, A, shown in FIG. 10₁、A₂And the S polarity is generated, and the attraction force is generated on the N pole of the adjacent rotor magnetic pole to push the rotor to rotate clockwise. The stator pole windings C1 and C2 are electrified with reverse current, and according to the right-hand screw rule, the polarity of N is generated by C1 and C2, repulsive force is generated on the adjacent rotor pole N, and the rotor is pushed to rotate clockwise. Therefore, the electromagnetic torque generated by the combined action of the electromagnetic forces of the stator pole a and the stator pole C drags the rotor to rotate clockwise.

And (seventhly) the subsequent phase change step of the clockwise motor is that the 1 st to 6 th steps are carried out to circularly and repeatedly change the phase. The motor rotates clockwise continuously to drive a load, and electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.

The current commutation rules of anticlockwise rotation and clockwise rotation of the motor are detailed in a motor clockwise and anticlockwise current commutation table in commutation table 1.

TABLE 1 clockwise and counterclockwise current commutation table for motor