阅读说明：本技术 一种可自动调节脱粒间隙的柔性脱粒装置 (Flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting threshing gap ) 是由 王升升 卢梦晴 陈盼 周浩 刘星弈 解晓琳 于 2021-05-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种可自动调节脱粒间隙的柔性脱粒装置,包括机架、滚筒顶盖、可自动调节直径的脱粒滚筒、凹板筛、电机、压力传感器、变阻尼式伸缩执行机构；脱粒滚筒包括刚性长齿杆、柔性短齿杆、幅盘、脱粒滚筒主轴、套筒、中心处理器、蓄电池,幅盘的边缘均匀分布有多个放射型的变阻尼式伸缩执行机构；变阻尼式伸缩执行机构的主体为一个带有双活塞的缸筒,缸筒的筒壁内由里至外依次设置浮动活塞、连接有活塞杆的工作活塞,还包括高压氮气、磁流变液材料、电磁线圈、节流孔、导线通道；本发明能够在机器运转过程中用小电流实现磁流变液材料的状态控制来实现一定范围的无级变径,以适应不同喂入量对脱粒间隙的要求,从而预防滚筒堵塞等问题。(A flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting threshing clearance comprises a frame, a roller top cover, a threshing roller capable of automatically adjusting diameter, a concave sieve, a motor, a pressure sensor and a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism; the threshing cylinder comprises a rigid long toothed bar, a flexible short toothed bar, a breadth disc, a threshing cylinder main shaft, a sleeve, a central processor and a storage battery, wherein a plurality of radial variable damping telescopic actuating mechanisms are uniformly distributed at the edge of the breadth disc; the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism is characterized in that a main body of the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism is a cylinder barrel with double pistons, a floating piston and a working piston connected with a piston rod are sequentially arranged in the cylinder wall of the cylinder barrel from inside to outside, and the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism further comprises high-pressure nitrogen, magnetorheological fluid materials, an electromagnetic coil, a throttling hole and a lead channel; the invention can realize the state control of the magnetorheological fluid material by using small current in the running process of the machine to realize stepless diameter change in a certain range so as to adapt to the requirements of different feeding amounts on threshing gaps and further prevent the problems of roller blockage and the like.)

1. The utility model provides a but flexible thresher in automatically regulated clearance of threshing which characterized in that: comprises a frame (1), a roller top cover (3), a threshing roller (2) with automatically adjustable diameter, a concave sieve (4), a motor (7), a pressure sensor (25) and a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism (26); a threshing cylinder (2) is arranged at the upper part of the rack (1), a cylinder top cover (3) is arranged above the threshing cylinder (2) in a matched mode, a concave plate sieve (4) corresponding to the upper position and the lower position of the cylinder top cover (3) is arranged below the threshing cylinder (2), a feeding opening (5) communicated with the threshing cylinder (2) is formed in the side of the threshing cylinder (2), a motor (7) is arranged on one side of the rack (1), the output end of the motor (7) is connected with one end of a transmission belt (6), and the other end of the transmission belt (6) is connected with the threshing cylinder (2);

the threshing cylinder (2) comprises a rigid long toothed bar (9), a flexible short toothed bar (10), a breadth disc (8), a threshing cylinder main shaft (11), a sleeve (12), a central processor (27) and a storage battery (29), wherein the breadth disc (8) is respectively sleeved at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) in a supporting mode through the sleeve (12), a plurality of radial variable damping type telescopic executing mechanisms (26) are uniformly distributed at the edge of the breadth disc (8), and the variable damping type telescopic executing mechanisms (26) are respectively connected with the rigid long toothed bar (9) and the flexible short toothed bar (10) through connecting pieces;

the main body of the variable-damping telescopic actuating mechanism (26) is a cylinder barrel with double pistons, a floating piston (23) and a working piston (19) connected with a piston rod (15) are sequentially arranged in a barrel wall (22) of the cylinder barrel from inside to outside, high-pressure nitrogen (24) is filled between the floating piston (23) and one end wall of the barrel wall (22), magnetorheological fluid materials (21) are filled between the floating piston (23) and the other end wall of the barrel wall (22), the working piston (19) is arranged in the magnetorheological fluid materials (21), and the piston rod (15) extends out of the center of the working piston (19) and penetrates through the other end wall of the barrel wall (22) to freely stretch out and retract; a circle of electromagnetic coil (20) is embedded in the working piston (19) along the longitudinal direction at the periphery of the piston rod (15), and a circle of throttling hole (18) is formed in the working piston (19) along the longitudinal direction at the outer side of the electromagnetic coil (20); a wire channel (16) is arranged in the middle of the piston rod (15) along the longitudinal direction, a wire is arranged in the wire channel (16), one end of the wire is communicated with the electromagnetic coil (20), and the other end of the wire is communicated with a storage battery (29) controlled by the central processor (27).

2. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) is a transmission shaft, the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) is arranged on a bearing seat through a bearing, and the bearing seat is arranged on the rack (1) through a bolt.

3. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: sleeves (12) of amplitude discs (8) at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) are connected with the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) through keys, a plurality of amplitude discs (8) which are not connected with the threshing cylinder main shaft (11) are arranged between the amplitude discs (8) at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft (11), and the amplitude discs (8) are connected with a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism (26).

4. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dust cover (13) is arranged outside the piston rod (15), one end of the cylinder barrel is sealed and fixed on the cylinder barrel wall (22) by the dust cover (13) from the outside of the cylinder barrel wall (22), a longitudinal through hole is formed in the center of the end face of the top of the dust cover (13), and the other end of the wire penetrates through the longitudinal through hole of the dust cover (13) and is connected with the storage battery (29).

5. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center of the other end of the cylinder wall (22) is provided with a guide seat (14), and the piston rod (15) extends out of the center through hole of the guide seat (14).

6. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the throttle hole (18) is a through hole.

7. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end part of the variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism (26) is provided with a fixed shaft sleeve (28) in a matching way.

8. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the tops of the electromagnetic coils (20) are respectively provided with a coil top cover (17) which is matched with the electromagnetic coils.

9. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roller top cover (3) is matched with the rigid long toothed bar (9) and the flexible short toothed bar (10) and drives materials to move, and the concave plate sieve (4) is matched with the rigid long toothed bar (9) and the flexible short toothed bar (10) and drives the materials to move.

10. The flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of pressure sensors (25) are uniformly distributed on the grids of the concave plate sieve (4) at the same axial position in front, middle and back of the concave plate sieve (4).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting a threshing gap.

Background

At present, a threshing and separating device is one of the core working components of a combine harvester, and the performance of the whole harvester is influenced by the advantages and disadvantages of the working performance of the threshing and separating device. When the harvester is used for actual field harvesting, the actual feeding amount fluctuates greatly due to factors such as uneven crop quality in unit area, unsmooth crop movement and the like. The change of the feeding amount not only can affect the operation performance of the whole machine, but also can even cause blockage and shutdown in serious cases. When a blockage fault occurs, the blockage is discharged, time and labor are wasted, important mechanical parts and transmission parts are possibly damaged, the machine is stopped for maintenance, the farming season is delayed, and economic losses are brought to a mechanic and farmers. At present, combine harvester's on the domestic market concave plate clearance most all is fixed, and the device that small part can manual regulation, its purpose mainly is to the suitable concave plate clearance of different results crops selection, and in the actual results in-process, the concave plate clearance still is fixed unchangeable, can not the emergence of effectual prevention cylinder jam, and after the jam trouble takes place, it is more difficult to adjust the concave plate clearance moreover, can not discharge the jam trouble fast.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, in order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting a threshing gap, which can realize stepless diameter change within a certain range in the operation process of a machine so as to meet the requirements of different feeding amounts on the threshing gap and prevent the problems of roller blockage and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting threshing clearance comprises a frame, a roller top cover, a threshing roller capable of automatically adjusting diameter, a concave sieve, a motor, a pressure sensor and a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism; a threshing roller is arranged at the upper part of the rack, a roller top cover is arranged above the threshing roller in a matching way, a concave plate sieve corresponding to the upper position and the lower position of the roller top cover is arranged below the threshing roller, a feeding port communicated with the threshing roller is arranged at the side of the threshing roller, a motor is arranged at one side of the rack, the output end of the motor is connected with one end of a transmission belt, and the other end of the transmission belt is connected with the threshing roller;

the threshing cylinder comprises a rigid long toothed bar, a flexible short toothed bar, a breadth plate, a threshing cylinder main shaft, a sleeve, a central processor and a storage battery, wherein the breadth plate is respectively supported and sleeved at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft through the sleeve, a plurality of radial variable damping telescopic actuating mechanisms are uniformly distributed at the edge of the breadth plate, and the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanisms are respectively connected with the rigid long toothed bar and the flexible short toothed bar through connecting pieces;

the main body of the variable-damping telescopic actuating mechanism is a cylinder barrel with double pistons, a floating piston and a working piston connected with a piston rod are sequentially arranged in the cylinder wall of the cylinder barrel from inside to outside, high-pressure nitrogen is filled between the floating piston and one end wall of the cylinder wall, magnetorheological fluid material is filled between the floating piston and the other end wall of the cylinder wall, the working piston is arranged in the magnetorheological fluid material, and the piston rod extends out of the center of the working piston and penetrates through the other end wall of the cylinder wall to freely stretch and retract; a circle of electromagnetic coil is embedded in the working piston along the longitudinal direction at the periphery of the piston rod, and a circle of throttling hole is formed in the working piston along the longitudinal direction at the outer side of the electromagnetic coil; and a wire channel is longitudinally arranged in the middle of the piston rod, a wire is arranged in the wire channel, one end of the wire is communicated with the electromagnetic coil, and the other end of the wire is communicated with the storage battery.

Furthermore, the main shaft of the threshing cylinder is a transmission shaft, the main shaft of the threshing cylinder is arranged on a bearing seat through a bearing, and the bearing seat is arranged on the rack through a bolt.

Furthermore, sleeves of the breadth plates at two ends of the main shaft of the threshing cylinder are connected with the main shaft of the threshing cylinder through keys, a plurality of breadth plates which are not connected with the main shaft of the threshing cylinder are arranged between the breadth plates at two ends of the main shaft of the threshing cylinder, and the breadth plates are connected with a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism.

Furthermore, the piston rod is externally provided with a dust cover, one end of the cylinder barrel is sealed and fixed on the cylinder barrel wall by the dust cover from the outside of the cylinder barrel wall, a longitudinal through hole is formed in the center of the top end face of the dust cover, and the other end of the wire penetrates through the longitudinal through hole of the dust cover and is connected with the storage battery.

Furthermore, a guide seat is arranged at the center of the other end of the cylinder wall, and the piston rod extends out of a central through hole of the guide seat.

Further, the throttle hole is a through hole.

Furthermore, the end parts of the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism are matched with each other to form a fixed shaft sleeve.

Furthermore, the top of the electromagnetic coil is respectively provided with a matched coil top cover.

Furthermore, the roller top cover is matched with the rigid long toothed bar and the flexible short toothed bar and drives the materials to move, and the concave plate sieve is matched with the rigid long toothed bar and the flexible short toothed bar and drives the materials to move.

And a plurality of pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the grids of the concave plate screen at the same axial position in front, middle and back of the concave plate screen.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap can realize stepless diameter change within a certain range in the running process of a machine so as to meet the requirements of different feeding amounts on the threshing gap and prevent the problems of roller blockage and the like. The invention only needs small current to realize the state control of the magnetorheological fluid material, has smaller energy consumption and quicker response, and realizes the real-time automatic adjustment of the threshing gap while considering the stability of the roller in the running process. When the feeding amount is not uniform, the threshing gap can be changed in time, the blockage of the roller is prevented, and the threshing effect is optimal.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the threshing cylinder of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the disc of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the internal structure of the variable damping telescopic actuator of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a concave screen according to the present invention;

the labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a frame, 2, a threshing roller, 3, a roller top cover, 4, a concave sieve, 5, a feeding port, 6, a transmission belt, 7, a motor, 8, a width disc, 9, a rigid long toothed bar, 10, a flexible short toothed bar, 11, a threshing roller spindle, 12, a sleeve, 13, a dust cover, 14, a guide seat, 15, a piston rod, 16, a lead channel, 17, a coil top cover, 18, a throttling hole, 19, a working piston, 20, an electromagnetic coil, 21, a magnetorheological fluid material, 22, a roller wall, 23, a floating piston, 24, high-pressure nitrogen, 25, a pressure sensor, 26, a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism, 27, a central processor, 28, a fixed shaft sleeve, 29 and a storage battery.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are given to further clarify, complete and detailed the technical solution of the present invention. The present embodiment is a preferred embodiment based on the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

A flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting threshing clearance comprises a frame 1, a roller top cover 3, a threshing roller 2 capable of automatically adjusting diameter, a concave sieve 4, a motor 7, a pressure sensor 25 and a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism 26; a threshing cylinder 2 is arranged at the upper part of the rack 1, a cylinder top cover 3 is arranged above the threshing cylinder 2 in a matched manner, a concave plate sieve 4 corresponding to the upper and lower positions of the cylinder top cover 3 is arranged below the threshing cylinder 2, a feeding port 5 communicated with the threshing cylinder 2 is arranged on the side of the threshing cylinder 2, a motor 7 is arranged on one side of the rack 1, the output end of the motor 7 is connected with one end of a transmission belt 6, and the other end of the transmission belt 6 is connected with the threshing cylinder 2;

the threshing cylinder 2 comprises a rigid long toothed bar 9, a flexible short toothed bar 10, a breadth plate 8, a threshing cylinder main shaft 11, a sleeve 12, a central processor 27 and a storage battery 29, wherein the breadth plate 8 is respectively supported and sleeved at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 through the sleeve 12, a plurality of radial variable damping telescopic actuating mechanisms 26 are uniformly distributed at the edge of the breadth plate 8, and the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanisms 26 are respectively connected with the rigid long toothed bar 9 and the flexible short toothed bar 10 through connecting pieces; further, a central processor 27 and a storage battery 29 which are connected with a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism 26 are distributed on the amplitude disc 8;

the main body of the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism 26 is a cylinder with double pistons, a floating piston 23 and a working piston 19 connected with a piston rod 15 are sequentially arranged in a cylinder wall 22 of the cylinder from inside to outside, high-pressure nitrogen 24 is filled between the floating piston 23 and one end wall of the cylinder wall 22, magnetorheological fluid materials 21 are filled between the floating piston 23 and the other end wall of the cylinder wall 22, the working piston 19 is arranged in the magnetorheological fluid materials 21, and the piston rod 15 extends out of the center of the working piston 19 and penetrates through the other end wall of the cylinder wall 22 to freely stretch and retract; a circle of electromagnetic coil 20 is embedded in the working piston 19 along the longitudinal direction at the periphery of the piston rod 15, and a circle of throttling hole 18 is arranged on the outer side of the electromagnetic coil 20 in the working piston 19 along the longitudinal direction at the periphery of the piston rod 15; the middle part of the piston rod 15 is provided with a lead channel 16 along the longitudinal direction, a lead is arranged in the lead channel 16, one end of the lead is communicated with the electromagnetic coil 20, and the other end of the lead is communicated with the storage battery 29.

Furthermore, the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 is a transmission shaft, the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 is arranged on a bearing seat through a bearing, and the bearing seat is arranged on the rack 1 through a bolt.

Further, sleeves 12 of the breadth plates 8 at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 are connected with the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 through keys, a plurality of breadth plates 8 which are not connected with the threshing cylinder main shaft 11 are further arranged between the breadth plates 8 at two ends of the threshing cylinder main shaft 11, and the breadth plates 8 are connected with a variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism 26.

Furthermore, a guide seat 14 is arranged at the center of the other end of the cylinder wall 22, and the piston rod 15 extends out of the central through hole of the guide seat 14.

Further, the throttle hole 18 is a through hole.

Further, a fixed shaft sleeve 28 is arranged at the end of the variable damping telescopic actuating mechanism 26 in a matching manner.

Further, the top of the electromagnetic coils 20 are respectively provided with a matched coil top cover 17.

Further, the roller top cover 3 is matched with the rigid long toothed bar 9 and the flexible short toothed bar 10 and drives materials to move, and the concave plate sieve 4 is matched with the rigid long toothed bar 9 and the flexible short toothed bar 10 and drives the materials to move.

Furthermore, in order to measure the counter forces of the concave screen 4 at different positions, a plurality of pressure sensors 25 are uniformly distributed on the grid of the concave screen 4 at the same axial position in front, middle and back of the concave screen 4.

Furthermore, the flexible short toothed bar 10 is a threshing toothed bar, and adopts a flexible rubber material, so that the aim of flexible threshing is achieved by reducing the impact on the seeds; the rigid long toothed bar 9 is made of rigid materials and mainly has the function of facilitating impurity removal of long straws.

Further, a dust cover 13 is arranged outside the piston rod 15, one end of the cylinder barrel is closed and fixed on the cylinder barrel wall 22 by the dust cover 13 from the outside of the cylinder barrel wall 22, and further, the longitudinal length of a cover cavity of the dust cover 13 is larger than the free extension length of the piston rod 15; the top end face of the dust cover 13 is centrally provided with a longitudinal through hole, and the other end of the wire passes through the longitudinal through hole of the dust cover 13 and is connected to the battery 29. When current is conducted in the electromagnetic coil 20, a magnetic field is generated at the orifice 18 on the working piston 19, the difference of the current represents the difference of the magnetic field, according to the property of the magnetorheological fluid material 21, the change of the magnetic field causes the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid material to be different, and further, the damping force applied to the expansion device during the stretching and the compression is different.

Since the magnetorheological fluid material 21 has the following characteristics: (1) under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid material 21 can be reversibly converted between a liquid state and a solid state; (2) under the action of an external magnetic field, the yield strength of the magnetorheological fluid material 21 is increased along with the increase of the magnetic field strength until solid particles are large to a certain stable value after magnetic saturation; (3) under the action of an external magnetic field, the viscosity and the yield strength of the magnetorheological fluid material 21 are continuous, stepless and controllable along with the change of the magnetic field strength; (4) the control of the magneto-rheological effect is simple, and the magneto-rheological effect can be controlled by adjusting the current by using the electromagnetic coil 20; (5) the magneto-rheological effect is very sensitive to the response of the magnetic field action, and the response time is generally millisecond level; (6) the energy for controlling the magnetorheological effect is low. Therefore, due to the characteristic that the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid material 21 can be changed due to the size of the magnetic field, the damping control of the telescopic actuating mechanism is indirectly realized by controlling the current of the electromagnetic coil.

The diameter changing operation of the threshing cylinder 2 comprises the following steps: (1) the central processor 27 receives the pressure signal and controls the current signal; (2) the current in the electromagnetic coil 20 generates a magnetic field to change the viscous state of the magnetorheological fluid material 21; (3) the magnetorheological fluid material 21 realizes the change of the damping force in each variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism 26 through the change of the viscous state; (4) the counter-acting force applied to the threshing cylinder 2 is overcome by changing the damping force, and the diameter of the cylinder is changed.

The working process of the invention is as follows: the material is guided into the threshing cylinder 2 through the feeding port 5, under the combined action of the flexible short toothed bar 10 and the concave plate sieve 4, the material continuously moves along the tangential direction and the axial direction, seeds and short stalks are continuously removed, the long stalks move along the axial direction under the action of the flexible short toothed bar 10 and the cylinder top cover 3, and finally the material is discharged through the impurity discharging port. When the feeding amount of grains is increased suddenly, the stress of the concave sieve 4 is increased, the pressure sensor 25 fixed on the grid of the concave sieve 4 transmits the acquired signal to the central processor 27, the central processor 27 generates an operation instruction for the reducing execution system, namely, the voltage of the storage battery 29 is controlled, and the electromagnetic coil 20 in the variable damping type telescopic execution mechanism 26 conducts currents with different magnitudes, so that the magnetorheological fluid material 21 around the electromagnetic coil 20 forms a certain magnetic field. The magnetic field intensity changes with the change of the current in the electromagnetic coil 20, and the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid material 21 changes due to the change of the magnetic field intensity, so that the damping control of the variable damping type telescopic actuating mechanism 26 is indirectly realized by controlling the current intensity. The expansion and diameter change of the breadth plate 8 of the threshing cylinder 2 is realized through the real-time change of the damping, and finally the real-time adjustment of the threshing gap is realized.

In conclusion, the flexible threshing device capable of automatically adjusting the threshing gap can realize stepless diameter change within a certain range in the running process of a machine so as to meet the requirements of different feeding amounts on the threshing gap and prevent the problems of roller blockage and the like. The invention only needs small current to realize the state control of the magnetorheological fluid material, has smaller energy consumption and quicker response, and realizes the real-time automatic adjustment of the threshing gap while considering the stability of the roller in the running process. When the feeding amount is not uniform, the threshing gap can be changed in time, the blockage of the roller is prevented, and the threshing effect is optimal.

The principal features, principles and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to explain the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the following claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.