Cloth with antimicrobial properties
阅读说明：本技术 具有抗微生物性能之布料 (Cloth with antimicrobial properties ) 是由 R·斯瓦米 S·斯瓦米 于 2016-02-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种具有抗微生物性能之布料的制造方法,制成后该抗微生物化合物结合或附着在该布料上。本申请也涉及该经处理的布料,该布料本身即可作为消毒材料或灭菌材料。该经处理的布料也展现耐洗涤及非浸出特性。本发明的方法包括一个吸尽法处理循环,包括使用一种吸尽法过程处理该布料的步骤,其中所使用的浸染液包括一种或多种抗微生物剂,以及将该经处理的布料作热处理的步骤。本发明还涉及一种净化水的装置,该装置可以利用重力操作,而不需要电力。(A method of making a fabric having antimicrobial properties is disclosed, the antimicrobial compound being bonded or adhered to the fabric after the fabric is made. The application also relates to the treated cloth, which itself can be used as a disinfecting or sterilizing material. The treated fabric also exhibits wash resistant and non-leaching properties. The method of the invention comprises a exhaustion treatment cycle comprising the steps of treating the cloth using an exhaustion process in which the exhaust liquor used comprises one or more antimicrobial agents, and heat treating the treated cloth. The invention also relates to a device for purifying water, which can be operated by gravity, without the need for electricity.)
1. A method of imparting antimicrobial properties to a fabric comprising the steps of:
treating the cloth using a exhaustion process, wherein the used exhaust liquor comprises a solvent and one or more antimicrobial agents selected from the group consisting of silver cations, quaternary ammonium organosilane compounds, polyglucosamine, propiconazole and polyhexamethylene biguanide, wherein the one or more antimicrobial agents form a homogeneous mixture with the solvent;
drying and curing the fabric, wherein curing is performed at a curing temperature of at least 150 ℃.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust liquor temperature is at least 45 ℃, in particular at least 50 ℃, preferably at least 60 ℃, more preferably at least 70 ℃, more preferably at least 75 ℃, most preferably at least 80 ℃.
3. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust liquor temperature is below its boiling temperature, preferably at most 95 ℃, more preferably at most 90 ℃, most preferably at most 80 ℃.
4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the treatment time of the exhaustion process is at most 120 minutes, preferably at most 90 minutes, preferably at most 75 minutes, more preferably at most 65 minutes, most preferably at most 60 minutes.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the treatment of the exhaustion process is carried out in a yarn dyeing machine, a combination continuous dyeing machine or an cross-lap dyeing machine.
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PH of the padding liquor is at most 6.9, preferably at most 6.5, more preferably at most 6.3, in particular at most 6.0.
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the padding liquor comprises an organic acid, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably citric acid.
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cloth is subjected to a gradually increasing temperature during drying and/or curing, preferably at least through 2 intermediate steps, preferably at least 3 intermediate steps.
9. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cloth comprises between 20% and 60% cotton, preferably between 25% and 50% cotton, more preferably between 30% and 40% cotton.
10. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cloth comprises between 40% and 80% polyester fibres, preferably between 50% and 75% polyester fibres, more preferably between 60% and 70% polyester fibres.
11. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the curing is performed at a curing temperature of at least 160 ℃.
12. An antimicrobial cloth obtained according to the method of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cloth exhibits a reduction in spore count of at least 99.9% over a contact time of 24 hours, measured according to ASTM standard E2149-10 and/or AATCC test method 100-.
13. An antimicrobial cloth obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cloth, after 25 washes, exhibits a reduction in spore count of at least 99% for staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and/or ATCC 43300 and/or escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and/or pseudomonas aeruginosa ATTC 15442 and/or salmonella ATCC 10708 and/or staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 335922 and/or ATCC 43300 and/or klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and/or vibrio cholerae ATCC14035 and/or clostridium difficile ATCC 43598 as a result of continuous re-inoculation over 10 minutes followed by an alternate dry and wet rubbing cycle, according to EPA test method 90072PA 4.
14. An antimicrobial cloth, obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 11, having a leaching amount of each antimicrobial agent in exposed water of at most 5.0ppm, preferably at most 2.0ppm, more preferably at most 1.0ppm, more preferably at most 0.5ppm, most preferably at most 0.1ppm, within one 24 hour test period, preferably within a 48 hour test period, more preferably within a 7 day test period, preferably test results according to the following method:
soaking the cloth in exposed water, preferably distilled, in a ratio of 1000 ml of water per 10 g of cloth;
the cloth is kept completely immersed in the exposure water during this test, preferably at a temperature between 21 ℃ and 25 ℃; and is
After this testing period has elapsed, the exposed water is extracted and tested for the presence of various antimicrobial agents present therein, preferably using the GC-MS method.
15. A product comprising a cloth obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 or a cloth according to any one of claims 12 to 14, and selected from air filters, water filters, face masks, gloves, hospital gowns, underwear, socks, medical garments, military garments, aviation personnel garments, sweaters, bedding, pillowcases, quilt covers, curtains, children's garments, school uniforms, bath towels, foot carpets, upholstery, architectural form cloths, in particular tents or awnings, fitness equipment, in particular fitness mats or boxing gloves, dog beds, bandages or incontinence diapers, cloths used in kitchens or bakeries, in particular towels, aprons or oven gloves.
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing or treating a cloth, such as a cloth, yarn and/or fibre, using an antimicrobial compound, by chemically bonding or attaching the compound to the cloth. The invention also relates to the cloth treated by the method, so that the cloth can be used as a disinfection cloth or a sterilization cloth. The fabrics treated by the present invention exhibit wash fastness and non-leaching characteristics. The invention also relates to a device and a system for purifying water in such a way that particles and/or microorganisms are filtered out. The apparatus and/or system preferably operates on a gravity basis without the need for electricity, so that the apparatus and/or system can be used in areas where the power supply is unstable, such as in underdeveloped countries.
[ background of the invention ]
Disinfection/sterilization is a very important task in daily life. The degree of disinfection/sterilisation is rated and requires each grade. Relevant records and data can be found, for example, in the United states National Pesticide Information Center (United states National Pesticide Information Center) notice, at the following website: http: (iv)/npic. orst. edu/products/antimicrobials. html. A rating table is disclosed in the web page in which three main types of public health antimicrobial insecticides are displayed.
The differences between the three modalities are shown in their ability to resist microbial activity.
Disinfectants currently available on the market are effective only at the time of application or use and are not consistently or permanently effective in nature. Thus, for example, when chlorhexidine (chlorexidine) is sprayed onto a contaminated surface, the disinfecting effect may occur immediately, but the surface may be contaminated again as long as the chemical evaporates or is wiped off. If the water is purified with, for example, chlorine, then an increased amount of chlorine must be used to purify the water as the amount of water increases. There is therefore a need for a source of repeated application.
Cloth materials such as cloth, yarn and/or fiber are often used for a variety of purposes and in a variety of environments. Therefore, the surface of the cloth is at real risk of being contaminated by microorganisms. The substrate used to filter the air or water is only filtered by blocking means and is not capable of eliminating contamination. Recent studies have shown that the cloth can be carried in hospitals to infect patients and be transmitted from the patients to other patients. Soldiers often must wear the same set of clothing for extended periods of time without washing. The result is often fungal and bacterial infections of the wearer.
Due to tomato paste, blood, sputum, honey, human waste and moisture, it also causes staining of the garment, which is a problem for wearers in all cases. Stains not only give the garment an ugly appearance, but also form a hotbed of various harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses on the surface of the cloth.
As a cloth used for clothing, various pathogens are also promoted to grow and spread on the inner surface of the cloth due to necrotic tissues, sweat, moisture and water. In addition, clothing items, such as coats and coats, while not in direct contact with the skin, are also susceptible to infection transfer through contact with underwear clothing, which may be infected. It is therefore clear that cloth contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms is a significant concern.
Security personnel and military personnel, crew members and other airline personnel are particularly susceptible to disease and skin problems because these personnel may have to wear the same set of clothing for more than one day. Military personnel may have to wear the garment for up to 28 consecutive days without being able to take off the garment. These dirty clothes can not only cause health problems for the wearer, but also be a hotbed for the spread of diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses.
In the case of using the cloth in a hospital, the presence of microorganisms is more dangerous. Due to the nature of the environment in which these cloths are used, more specialized cloths are required. In addition to general clothing worn by doctors, nurses, patients and other persons in hospitals, clinics and other similar settings, clothing in the form of swabs, gowns, lab coats, sheets and pillows can also carry microorganisms in various proportions. The sheets and pillowslip on which the patient is sleeping are at a high risk of contamination by bacteria and microorganisms grown from the body waste. Mattresses and pillows are also likely to be infected because they are not washed. The mattress and pillow can instead transfer the infection to the patient. Bed sheets, pillowcases, gowns and drapes can also become contaminated from open wounds and other medical conditions, such as coughing, asthma, and the like. The gown worn by a patient is contaminated with perspiration and/or human waste, such as urine, feces and vomit. These contaminations lead to the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Healthcare workers are very often contaminated with dirty cloths used by patients or with the excretions of patients' bodies. The health care workers themselves are the primary source of transmission of bacterial infections from one patient to another. Current health care clothing does not provide any barrier protection. The current situation and problems faced by hospitals at present are as follows:
The cause of the infection of diseases in hospitals or medical institutions is due to the infection of cloth in a large part.
Doctors and patients often infect each other through the contact of the cloth.
The prior washing method can cause cloth damage.
Pillows, mattresses and curtains are rarely cleaned or disinfected.
Bacterial growth after washing occurred instantaneously.
Body residues such as sweat and dead skin are a hotbed for bacterial growth.
Typical cloths can cause excessive water consumption during laundering. In addition, a large amount of detergent is used in washing the clothes, and the washing process takes time due to the excessively long washing time of the laundry.
At present, 80% of the world's population drinks water that has not been municipal treated, and the water that is drunk is essentially dirty and subject to microbial contamination. Due to financial constraints, the cost of providing potable water is often beyond the capability of governments, particularly because the necessary infrastructure costs for building sewage treatment systems, water pipelines and sewage treatment plants, etc. are quite expensive. Thus, municipal treatment of purified water is completely unavailable in a wide range of underdeveloped countries.
There is also an urgent need for drinking water in microbiology. Although there are many places where fresh water resources are not feared, the water therein can often be found contaminated with E.coli and other various pathogenic microorganisms. In fact, many fresh water resources are used by local residents in a variety of activities, from bathing to washing clothes, bathing livestock, and so forth. As a result, the pollution level of these water resources is considerable in large part. If consumed, such contaminated water may cause diarrhea, cholera and a variety of other disease outbreaks. This fact has been demonstrated by studies around the world.
Known water purification technologies, such as boiling, disinfection with ultraviolet light, disinfection with ozone, etc., can be used to destroy and/or remove microorganisms, or at least prevent the proliferation of microorganisms, but these are based on electrically powered devices and systems. There are many places in the world where there is a need for a stable supply of electricity, particularly in underdeveloped countries, and as a result the water purification techniques described above cannot be used in these places.
Chemical disinfection methods, such as iodine or chlorine based water disinfection techniques, are suitable for providing purified, substantially microorganism-free water. However, the currently known disinfectants only provide a temporary disinfecting effect when applied or used and are not sustainable or durable in nature. If water is to be purified using a disinfectant, such as chlorine or iodine, it is desirable to increase the amount of disinfectant applied as the amount of water increases. Although chemical disinfection methods do not rely on electricity, they are not suitable for use in the vast majority of underdeveloped countries, as disinfectants provide only temporary disinfection, and therefore incur constant costs. People who do not have access to purified drinking water are often poor populations. These people cannot afford such constant costs. In addition, such chemical disinfectants are harmful to the human body when used for a long time.
Although many people naturally use cloth and/or particle filters to screen water for a better drinking, cloth does not kill microbial pathogens. There is therefore a real need to solve the problem of providing microbiologically safe drinking water by combining in a simple manner the traditional cloth filtration process with a technique that renders the cloth capable of killing disease-causing microorganisms.
Other devices for providing water purification applications use cloth with disinfecting capabilities, arranged in a cartridge filter. For example, known systems use a coarse filter, disposed upstream of an odor filter, to pre-filter the water. The filter typically comprises activated carbon and a filter with a pore size of 1 micron. The 1 micron filter typically comprises a nonwoven, i.e. a sheet film nonwoven with short and/or long fibers. The sheet-film nonwoven, whether a web of short or long fibers, does not initially provide mechanical resistance by itself. To provide at least a certain mechanical resistance, the staple and/or filament web-like nonwoven is interconnected by an additional bonding step. However, the problem arises that the mechanical resistance offered by the bonded nonwoven is still not sufficient to withstand the washing or other mechanical treatments, such as scouring, that occur during the use of the water-purifying device. Furthermore, the known odor filter is a cartridge filter and is arranged vertically in a feed container. However, the filter element of the odor filter suffers from severe clogging and large pressure loss, thereby reducing the flow rate of water and shortening the life of the filter.
Us patent 2791518 describes a method of treating an object, such as a cloth, to render it microbiocidal. The method comprises the following steps: the article is first wetted with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble basic nitrogen compound, such as ammonia, and a monovalent silver salt dissolved in the solution. Followed by a second wetting with another solution.
Us patent 4721511 relates to an antimicrobial cloth comprising a nonwoven substrate and a specific quaternary ammonium organosilane compound.
Us patent 5190788 discloses a method of treating a fiber to impart electrical conductivity and antimicrobial properties to the fiber. The method comprises the following steps: the fibers are immersed in a padding liquor containing an aqueous solution of a cupric ion source, a reducing agent, sodium thiosulfate and an iodide ion source to adsorb copper iodide onto the fibers.
U.S. patent 6962608 discloses a process for preparing antimicrobial fibers, the process comprising: a) immersing a fabric in an aqueous treatment solution comprising an organic acid, wherein the organic acid has at least two carboxyl groups, b) treating the fiber with an oxidizing agent to produce a peroxycarboxylic acid function, thereby producing an antimicrobial fabric containing an average of 6% by weight of organic acid. The cloth showed an amount reduction of over 99% for E.coli without washing at all.
Us patent 8906115 relates to a method of antimicrobial processing of synthetic fibers comprising the step of applying to the fibers an aqueous solution comprising: an organic starter compound, an organic quaternary ammonium compound, and a metal salt component.
Summary of The Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cloth which overcomes any or all of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a cloth that exhibits antimicrobial properties even after multiple washings.
Further, it is another object of the present invention to provide a cloth that can completely inhibit the growth of bacteria and the generation of odor and smell to the maximum.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cloth material that exhibits properties that allow it to be used as a filter cloth and that can disinfect/sterilize a medium, such as air or water, that passes through the cloth material.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of bonding an antimicrobial agent to a fabric and to achieve a non-leaching or substantially non-leaching effect.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a cloth which has antimicrobial properties and which is biodegradable.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an antimicrobial agent and any other chemical substance used to make a cloth with antimicrobial properties, which is non-toxic to humans, animals and/or the environment.
Finally, it is another object of the invention to provide a cost-effective method of manufacturing a cloth with antimicrobial properties.
One or more of the above objects of the present invention can be achieved by the invention described in the independent claims of the present application. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
The present invention provides a cloth to which one or more antimicrobial agents are securely bonded or adhered, such that the cloth itself serves as a microbicidal, biocidal, disinfecting, fungicidal and/or bactericidal vehicle. The invention further provides a method for manufacturing such a cloth, as well as the use of the cloth, for example in water filtration or as a medical garment with self-disinfecting capabilities.
While not wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that the reaction mechanisms or potential reaction products described herein are representative of the reactions and products that occur in the relevant reaction system. However, the present invention is not in any way limited to any of the described reaction mechanisms or possible reaction products. The reaction mechanism and reaction products described are provided for illustrative purposes only.
All percentages in this specification are by weight unless otherwise indicated. "% owf" or "% o.w.f." means "weight on fiber" (of weight fabric) and refers to the weight percentage of antimicrobial pickup on the fabric.
The term "antimicrobial" as used in the description of the present invention refers to the ability to kill at least several types of microorganisms, or to inhibit the growth or reproduction of at least several types of microorganisms. The term refers to any compound, agent, product or method that is harmful to one or more "microorganisms"; the term "microorganism" refers to a microorganism referred to in the description of the present invention. The "antimicrobial" product or method is preferably capable of killing one or more "microorganisms".
The terms "" and "microorganism" as used herein are used interchangeably and are defined to include any organism that is too small to be visible to the naked eye, for example, in particular, unicellular organisms. In particular, the terms "microorganism" and "microorganism" also encompass prokaryotes, including bacteria and archaea; eukaryotes, including protists; animals, such as dust mites or spider mites; fungi and plants, such as green algae; and viruses.
The particle sizes described in the description of the present invention, the values of which can be determined using, for example, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) or by laser diffraction.
The method for manufacturing the cloth comprises the following steps:
example 1 of the present invention is directed to a method of making an antimicrobial fabric comprising a first treatment cycle comprising the steps of:
treating the cloth using a padding liquor application process, for example in a padding process, or preferably an exhaust process, wherein the padding liquor (lquor) used comprises one or more antimicrobial agents,
the treated cloth is subjected to heat treatment,
preferably washing the heat-treated cloth, and
the washed cloth is preferably dried.
In example 1, the exhaust process temperature used in the exhaust process is sufficiently high and the exhaust process time is sufficiently long to cause the one or more antimicrobial agents to be substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the cross-section of the fabric, according to example 2 of the present invention.
According to
According to example 4 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 3, the exhaust liquor temperature is at least 45 ℃, particularly at least 50 ℃, preferably at least 60 ℃, more preferably at least 70 ℃, more preferably at least 75 ℃, and most preferably at least about 80 ℃ during the exhaust process.
According to example 5 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 4, the temperature of the exhaust liquor during the exhaust process is below its boiling temperature, preferably at most 95 ℃, more preferably at most 90 ℃, particularly at most 85 ℃, and most preferably at most about 80 ℃.
According to
According to
According to a 9 th embodiment of the invention, in the method of the 8 th embodiment, the stirring is performed using a stirrer, preferably at a speed of at least 200rpm, more preferably at a speed of at least 250rpm, and most preferably at a speed of at least 300 rpm.
According to a 10 th embodiment of the invention, in the method of the 9 th embodiment, the agitator is a bladed mixer, preferably having at least 3 blades, preferably blades each having a length of at least 10cm, and preferably blades having a width of at least 2 cm.
According to
According to an
According to example 14 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1-13, the cloth to padding liquor ratio during the exhaust process is at least 1: 10, preferably at least 1: 5, more preferably at least 1: 3, and most preferably at least about 1: 2.
According to example 15 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1-14, during the exhaust process, the cloth to exhaust liquor ratio is at most 1: 1, preferably at most 1: 1.5, more preferably at most 1: 1.7, and most preferably at most about 1: 2.
And a second treatment cycle:
treating the cloth using a padding liquor application method, for example, in a suck-off method or preferably a padding method, wherein the padding liquor comprises one or more antimicrobial agents,
the treated cloth is subjected to heat treatment,
preferably washing the heat-treated cloth, and
the washed cloth is preferably dried.
In example 16, the second treatment cycle may improve the antimicrobial properties of the fabric according to example 17 of the present invention.
According to
In any of
In any of embodiments 16-20, according to embodiment 21 of the present invention, the padding process has a pick-up of at most 90%, preferably at most 80%, more preferably at most 75%, particularly at most 70%, and most preferably at most about 65%.
Soaking and dyeing liquid:
in accordance with example 22 of the present invention, in any one of examples 1-21, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles comprises a solvent.
In example 23, and in example 22, the solvent is water.
In embodiment 24, in embodiment 23, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle has at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, and most preferably 100% water in the solvent.
In any one of embodiments 1-24, according to example 25 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents and/or any other agent used to crosslink the antimicrobial agents contained in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles are dissolved in the padding liquor.
In any one of embodiments 1-25, according to example 26 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents and/or any other agent used to crosslink the antimicrobial agent in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles forms a homogeneous mixture with the solvent.
According to example 27 of the present invention, in any one of examples 1-26, the one or more antimicrobial agents and/or any other agent used to crosslink the antimicrobial agent in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle does not form a suspension with the solvent.
According to example 28 of the present invention, in any one of examples 1 to 27, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle contains an emulsifier, in particular one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate,
According to example 29 of the present invention, in example 28, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle contains an emulsifier in an amount of 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably with respect to the weight of the cloth
In accordance with
According to example 31, in any one of examples 1 to 30, the pH of the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle is at least 3.0, preferably at least 3.5, more preferably at least 4.0, even more preferably at least 4.5, especially at least 5.0, and most preferably at least about 5.5.
In any of examples 1-31, according to example 32 of the present invention, the pH of the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle is set using an organic acid, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, or a combination thereof, preferably citric acid, preferably at a concentration preferably comprising per liter of padding liquorGrams, more preferably 2 to 4 grams, particularly 2.5 to 3.5 grams, and most preferably about 3 grams.
In a method according to embodiment 33 of the present invention, in the method according to any one of
And (3) drying:
in the method according to any one of embodiments 1-33, according to embodiment 34 of the present invention, the step of heat treating in the first and/or second cycle includes a drying treatment of the cloth.
According to an
According to embodiment 36 of the present invention, in the method of any one of
According to an embodiment 37 of the invention, in the method of any one of
According to an embodiment 38 of the present invention, in the method of any one of
And (3) curing:
in a method according to any of embodiments 34-38, the heat treating step in the first and/or second treatment cycle includes curing the dried fabric, in accordance with embodiment 39 of the present invention.
In example 40, in example 39, during the exhaust process, the temperature of the exhaust liquor is allowed to be sufficiently high, the exhaust process treatment time is allowed to be sufficiently long, the curing temperature is allowed to be sufficiently high, and the curing time is allowed to be sufficiently long to allow the one or more antimicrobial agents to be sufficiently and securely affixed to the fabric such that, after the fabric has been washed, the fabric exhibits an antimicrobial agent leaching value as defined in example 154, and/or such that the fabric has antimicrobial properties as defined in any one of examples 147 to 153.
According to 41 th embodiment of the present invention, in 40 th embodiment, the washing comprises washing the cloth with water, preferably at a temperature in the range of 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, for a time period of preferably at least 30 minutes and at most 90 minutes, more preferably under the conditions as defined in any one of 67 th to 69 th embodiments.
According to embodiment 42 of the present invention, in embodiment 40 or 41, during the exhaustion process, the temperature of the exhaust liquor is made sufficiently low that the exhaustion process treatment time is sufficiently short that the fabric does not fade and/or yellow and/or that its breaking strength is not reduced by more than 15%, preferably not more than 10%, more preferably not more than 7%, most preferably not more than 5% by the exhaustion process. The values are preferably determined according to ASTM standard D5035-11 when the cloth is a cloth, and preferably determined according to ASTM standard D2256/D2256M-10 e1 when the cloth is a yarn, as a result of exhaustion.
According to example 43 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 40 to 42, the temperature of the curing treatment is made low enough that the curing treatment time is short enough that the fabric does not melt and/or burn and/or discolor and/or yellow and/or has its breaking strength reduced by the curing treatment by no more than 15%, preferably no more than 10%, more preferably no more than 7%, and most preferably no more than 5%. The value is preferably determined according to the ASTM standard D5035-11 when the cloth is a cloth, and preferably determined according to the ASTM standard D2256/D2256M-10 el when the cloth is a yarn, as a result of the curing treatment.
According to example 44 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 39 to 43, the curing treatment is at least partially carried out at a curing temperature of at least 150 ℃, preferably at least 160 ℃, more preferably at least 170 ℃, particularly at least 175 ℃, and most preferably at least about 180 ℃.
According to 45 th embodiment of the invention, in the method of any one of the 39 th to 44 th embodiments, the curing treatment is carried out at an ambient temperature of at most 250 ℃, preferably at most 195 ℃, more preferably at most 190 ℃, particularly at most 185 ℃, and most preferably at most about 180 ℃.
According to example 46 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 44 or 45, the fabric is a fabric having a weight of less than 350 grams per square meter, and the curing process is performed at a curing temperature as defined in example 36 for a period of at least 30 seconds, preferably at least 40 seconds, more preferably at least 50 seconds, and most preferably at least about 60 seconds.
According to example 47 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 44 or 45, the fabric is a fabric having a weight of 350 to 500 grams per square meter, and the curing process is performed at a curing temperature as defined in example 36 for at least 45 seconds, preferably at least 60 seconds, more preferably at least 75 seconds, and most preferably at least about 90 seconds.
According to example 48 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 44 or 45, the fabric is a fabric having a grammage greater than grammage, and the curing process is as described in example 4, 4(4the 4)th) The curing temperature as defined in the examples is at least 60 seconds, preferably at least 80 seconds, more preferably at least 100 seconds, and most preferably at least about 120 seconds.
According to embodiment 49 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 44 or 45, the cloth is a cloth weighing less than 350 grams per square meter, and the curing treatment is performed at the curing temperature as defined in embodiment 36 for a period of at most 120 seconds, preferably at most 90 seconds, more preferably at most 80 seconds, particularly at most 70 seconds, and most preferably at most about 60 seconds.
In the method of any of embodiments 44, 45, or 48, according to embodiment 50 of the present invention, the fabric is a fabric having a weight of between 350 and 500 grams per square meter, and the curing is performed at a curing temperature as defined in embodiment 44 for at most 180 seconds, preferably at most 150 seconds, more preferably at most 120 seconds, and most preferably at most about 90 seconds.
In the method of any of embodiments 44, 45, or 48, according to embodiment 51 of the present invention, the fabric is a fabric having a weight of greater than 500 grams per square meter, and the curing is performed at a curing temperature as defined in embodiment 44 for a period of at most 240 seconds, preferably at most 200 seconds, more preferably at most 160 seconds, and most preferably at most about 120 seconds.
According to example 52 of the present disclosure, in the method of any one of examples 39-51, the curing process is performed immediately after the drying process of the fabric so as not to substantially cool the fabric between the curing process and the drying process.
In example 52, the fabric is a cloth and the total curing and drying time for the fabric is at least 45 seconds, preferably at least 50 seconds, more preferably at least 55 seconds, and most preferably at least about 60 seconds per square meter per 100 grams of fabric in accordance with example 53 of the present invention.
In the method of any of embodiments 52 or 53, according to embodiment 54 of the present invention, the fabric is a cloth, and the total length of the curing and drying treatment time of the fabric is at most 75 seconds, preferably at most 70 seconds, more preferably at most 65 seconds, and most preferably at most about 60 seconds per square meter per 100 grams of weight of the cloth.
In the method of any of embodiments 44-54 according to embodiment 55 of the present invention, the web is subjected to a gradually increasing temperature, preferably at least 2 intermediate steps, preferably at least 3 intermediate steps, more preferably continuously, to a curing temperature as defined in embodiment 44 above.
In accordance with example 56 of the present invention, in example 55, the gradually increasing temperature begins at a temperature of at least 100 ℃, preferably at least 110 ℃, more preferably at least 115 ℃, and most preferably at least about 120 ℃.
In example 57 according to the present invention, the gradually increasing temperature starts at a temperature of at most 140 ℃, preferably at most 130 ℃, more preferably at most 125 ℃ and most preferably at most about 120 ℃ during the treatment in either of examples 55 or 56.
In accordance with example 58 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 55-57, the fabric is a cloth and the gradual increase in temperature is for at least 15 seconds, preferably at least 18 seconds, more preferably at least 20 seconds, and most preferably at least about 22 seconds per square meter of cloth per 100 grams of weight.
In a method according to embodiment 59 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 55 to 58, the cloth is a cloth, and the gradual increase in temperature is at most 30 seconds, preferably at most 27 seconds, more preferably at most 25 seconds, and most preferably at most about 23 seconds per square meter of cloth per 100 grams of weight.
According to
In the method according to 61 of any one of embodiments 39 to 60, the curing process is performed by passing the cloth through a stenter.
In embodiment 62 according to the present invention, in embodiment 61, the method according to embodiment 55 is performed such that the gradual increase in temperature is performed in a stenter having at least 2, preferably 3, more preferably 4 chambers before reaching the curing temperature as defined in embodiment 43.
According to a 63 rd embodiment of the invention, in a 62 nd embodiment, the gradual temperature increase process before reaching the curing temperature as defined in the 43 rd embodiment takes place in 3 chambers of the stenter, wherein in a first chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at least 100 ℃, preferably at least 110 ℃, more preferably at least 115 ℃, most preferably at least about 120 ℃, in a second chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at least 115 ℃, preferably at least 125 ℃, more preferably at least 130 ℃, most preferably at least about 135 ℃, and in a third chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at least 130 ℃, preferably at least 140 ℃, more preferably at least 145 ℃, most preferably at least about 150 ℃.
According to embodiment 64 of the invention, in the method of any of embodiments 62 or 63, a gradual progression of temperatures before reaching the curing temperature as defined in embodiment 43 occurs in 3 chambers of the stenter, wherein in a first chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at most 140 ℃, preferably at most 130 ℃, more preferably at most 125 ℃, most preferably at most about 120 ℃, in a second chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at most 155 ℃, preferably at most 145 ℃, more preferably at most 140 ℃, most preferably at most about 135 ℃, and in a third chamber the cloth is subjected to a temperature of at most 170 ℃, preferably at most 160 ℃, more preferably at most 155 ℃, most preferably at most about 150 ℃.
According to embodiment 65 of the present invention, in embodiment 61, the drying and curing of the fabric is carried out in a single step by passing the fabric through a stenter, wherein the fabric is preferably a cloth, and the residence time in the stenter is longer than the total time of the drying and curing of the fabric as defined in any of embodiments 53 or 54.
According to embodiment 66 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 39 to 49 or 61 to 65, the curing and drying of the fabric are performed by two different steps, including passing the fabric through a stenter, performing a drying process, and then passing the fabric through the stenter again to perform a curing process.
Washing:
according to an embodiment 67 of the invention, in the method of any of
According to the invention of example 68, in example 67, the cloth is washed in a bath at a temperature between 30 ℃ and 50 ℃, preferably between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃.
According to an embodiment 69 of the invention, in the method of any of embodiments 67 or 68, the cloth is washed in the bath for a time of at least 20 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes, in particular at least 35 minutes, preferably at least about 40 minutes.
Prior to treatment with the antimicrobial agent:
in accordance with embodiment 70 of the present invention, in any of the preceding embodiments, the fabric is submitted to a dyeing process prior to the first treatment cycle.
According to embodiment 71 of the invention, in any of the preceding embodiments, at the beginning of the first treatment cycle, the cloth is free of chemicals and/or silica gel, or has been removed by, for example, a rinsing, rinsing or washing process.
In accordance with embodiment 71a of the present invention, in any of the preceding embodiments, at the beginning of the first treatment cycle, the fabric is in a natural absorption state and/or is not treated with any chemical that causes a reduction in the absorption capacity of the fabric.
Starting material distribution:
in a method according to any one of embodiments 1-70, according to embodiment 72 of the present invention, the starting cloth comprises hydroxyl, peptidyl and/or carbonyl groups, in particular hydroxyl and/or peptidyl groups.
According to 73 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of
In example 73, the cellulosic fabric includes one or more selected from the group consisting of cotton, viscose, rayon, flax, hemp, ramie, jute, and combinations thereof (blends).
According to 75 th embodiment of the invention, in 73 th embodiment, the synthetic cloth comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide (Nylon-Nylon), acrylic polyester, spandex (elastane, Lycra), aramid, modal, kraft, Polylactide (PLA), lyocell, tetrachloro polyacrylic acid (PBT), or a combination (mixture) thereof.
In a method according to any one of embodiments 1-75, according to embodiment 76 of the present disclosure, the starting fabric includes cotton, polyester, or a blend of cotton and polyester.
In a method according to embodiment 77 of the present invention as in any one of embodiments 1-76, the starting fabric comprises between 20% and 60% cotton, preferably between 25% and 50% cotton, and more preferably between 30% and 40% cotton.
In accordance with example 78 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1-77, the starting cloth includes between 40% and 80% polyester fibers, preferably between 50% and 75% polyester fibers, and more preferably between 60% and 70% polyester fibers.
According to an embodiment 79 of the invention, in the method of any of
In accordance with
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-80, according to an 81 th embodiment of the present invention, the cloth is spun, electrospun, drawn or undrawn.
Antimicrobial, cross-linking and other active agents:
according to example 82 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 81, the one or more antimicrobial agents contained in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles are selected from the group consisting of: quaternary ammonium organosilane compounds (quaternary ammonium organic compounds), silver cations (silver cations), polyglucosamine (polyglucosamine), an azole-based compound (azole-based compounds), and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (polyhexamethylene biguanidine).
According to an 83 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 1 st to 82 nd embodiments, the same padding liquid used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or different padding liquids used in the first and second treatment cycles, comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of: at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, most preferably all five antimicrobial agents from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, a silver cation, a polyglucosamine, a pyrrole compound, and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to embodiment 84 of this invention, the same padding liquid used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or different padding liquids used in the first and second treatment cycles, in the method of any one of
According to example 85 of the present disclosure, in the method of any one of examples 1-84, the same padding liquid used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or different padding liquids used in the first and second treatment cycles, both comprise a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound and are selected from the group consisting of: at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, and most preferably all four antimicrobial agents from the group consisting of silver cations, polyglucosamine, a pyrrole compound, and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to embodiment 86 of this invention, in the method of any one of
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-86, according to example 87 of the present invention, the same padding liquid used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or different padding liquids used in the first and second treatment cycles, comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of: at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably all four antimicrobial agents from the group consisting of silver cations, polyglucosamine, a pyrrole compound, and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-87, in accordance with embodiment 88 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents contained in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, particularly the one or more antimicrobial agents used in the first and second treatment cycles, comprise a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound.
In accordance with an 89 embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 82 nd to 88 th embodiments, the quaternary ammonium organosilane compound has the formula:
wherein the radicals are each, independently of one another, as defined below:
R1，R2and R3Is C1-C12Alkyl, especially C1-C6Alkyl, preferably methyl;
R4and R5Is C1-C18Alkyl radical, C 1-C18Hydroxyalkyl radical, C3-C7Cycloalkyl, phenyl, or C7-C10Aralkyl radical, especially C1-C18Alkyl, preferably methyl;
R6is C1-C18Alkyl, especially C8-C18An alkyl group;
X-an external anion, in particular chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, acetate, or sulfonate, preferably chloride or bromide; and is
n is an integer in the range from 1 to 6, in particular an integer in the range from 1 to 4, preferably 3.
In accordance with
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-90, according to an 91 th embodiment of the invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, in particular the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first treatment cycle, preferably the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used only in the first treatment cycle, comprise silver cations, in particular silver cations entrapped in an inorganic or organic matrix, preferably silver cations entrapped in an aluminosilicate or polymeric matrix.
In example 91, the aluminosilicate is a sodium-poly (aluminosilicate-disiloxy) compound according to example 92 of the present invention.
In example 91, the polymer matrix is an acrylic polymer, according to example 93 of the present invention.
In a method according to embodiment 94 of the invention according to any one of
According to example 95 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 94, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, in particular the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first treatment cycle, preferably the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used only in the first treatment cycle, comprise polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-95, according to example 96 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, particularly the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and second treatment cycles, or the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the second treatment cycle only, comprise an azole-based compound.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-96, according to example 97 of the present invention, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle contains a cross-linking agent.
According to example 98 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 97, the composition of one or more of the one or more antimicrobial agents, particularly the composition of the one azole-based compound, includes or is part of one or more of the one or more antimicrobial agents.
According to example 99 of the present disclosure, in the method of any one of examples 97 to 98, the crosslinking agent does not form a film at 80 ℃.
In the method of any of embodiments 97-99, according to
In a method according to embodiment 101 of the present invention as in any one of embodiments 97 to 100, the padding liquor used in the first and/or especially the second treatment cycle, especially the first and second treatment cycles, or the padding liquor used in the second treatment cycle only, contains an azole compound.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-101, in accordance with embodiment 102 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include both a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound and silver cations.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-102, in accordance with embodiment 103 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include both a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-103, according to embodiment 104 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, a silver cation and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-104, in accordance with embodiment 105 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, a silver cation and an azole compound.
In a method according to any one of embodiments 1-105 of the present invention as in embodiment 106, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, a silver cation, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and polyglutamine.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-106, in accordance with embodiment 107 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include at least one antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of: at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably all four antimicrobial agents from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, a silver cation, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and an azole compound.
In a method according to any one of
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-83 and 91-101, in accordance with embodiment 109 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles, or in the different padding liquors used in the first and second treatment cycles, include both silver cations, polyglutamine, a pyrrole compound, and polyhexamethylene biguanide.
According to an
According to example 111 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 1 to 110, the total amount of the antimicrobial agent to be applied to the fabric, contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles, is at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.3% by weight, more preferably at least 0.5% by weight, especially at least 0.6% by weight, and most preferably at least 0.7% by weight, based on the weight of the fabric.
In a method according to embodiment 112 of the present invention as in any one of
In accordance with embodiment 113 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 1-112, the starting cloth is first treated with an additional antimicrobial agent, particularly one selected from the group consisting of: benzalkonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride); benxonium chloride (benzothonium chloride), benzoxonium chloride (benzoxonium chloride); dequalinium chloride (dequalinium); vinylbenzylammonium chloride (vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride); cetrimide (cetrimonium bromide), optionally in combination with a reactive aminosiloxane having hydroxyl or alkoxy groups, such as methoxy or ethoxy groups; 2-phynolphenol, thiadiazoline (Acibenzolar), Paclobutrazol (Paclobutrazol), Azoxystrobin (Azoxystrobin), Epoxiconazole (epoxyconazole), binacryl (binacryl), imazalil (Iprodion), Triadimefon (triadimiefon), Fuberidazole (furylidazole), Flusilazole (Flusilazole), 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol (2, 4, 6-tribromophenol), Vinclozolin (Vinclozolin), pyrazofos (pyrazophors), Tebuconazole (Tebuconazole), metalaxyl (metalaxyl), Dichlofluanid (Dichlofluanid), mobilurins (Strobilurins fungicides), Myclobutanil (diclosylated isocyanate), Fenpropimorph (fenpropidium chloride), dichlorfenapyr (fenpropidium chloride), fenpropidium chloride (fenpropidium chloride), fenpropiconazole (fenpropiconazole), fenapyr (fenpropidium chloride), fenpropidium (fenpropidium chloride), fenpropidium chloride (fenpropidium bromide), cetrimonium (Cetrimonium), cetyltrimethylammonium (cetyltrimethylammonium), Bupirimate (Bupirimate), Fluopicolide (fluoicolide), Hexachlorophene (Hexachlorophene), Triclocarban (Triclocarban), Nitrofuran (Nitrofuran), chloroiodoxyquine (Clioquinol), methyl paraben (Methylparaben), Propamocarb (Propamocarb), cinnamaldehyde (cinnamyl aldehyde), hexamidine (hexamidine) and farcarindiol (Falcarindio).
In accordance with embodiment 114 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 1-113, the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle further additionally comprises at least one functional agent selected from the group consisting of: water and oils, fluorocarbons, anti-wear agents, antistatic agents, anti-pilling agents, permanent press resins, wetting agents, wicking chemicals, softeners, mosquito or insect repellents, uv protectants, soil release agents, viscosity modifiers, flame retardants, hydrophilic polymers, polyurethanes, fragrances, and pH modifiers.
According to an embodiment 115 of the present invention, in the method of any one of
In example 115, a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, silver cations, polyglucosamine, a pyrrole compound, and polyhexamethylene biguanide are used as antimicrobial agents in a first treatment cycle, and a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound is used as an antimicrobial agent in a second treatment cycle, according to example 116 of the present invention.
According to an 117 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 82 th to 116 th embodiments, the total amount of the quaternary ammonium organosilane compound contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles applied to the cloth is at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.2% by weight, more preferably at least 0.25% by weight, and most preferably at least 0.3% by weight, based on the weight of the cloth.
According to example 118 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 82 to 117, the total amount of the quaternary ammonium organosilane compound contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles applied to the cloth is at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 1.5% by weight, more preferably at most 1.2% by weight, especially at most 1.0% by weight, and most preferably at most 0.8% by weight, based on the weight of the cloth.
According to example 119 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 82 to 118, the total amount of silver cations entrapped in the inorganic or organic matrix contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles is applied to the cloth in an amount of at most 0.1% by weight, preferably at most 0.05% by weight, more preferably at most 0.02% by weight, and most preferably at most 0.01% by weight, based on the weight of the cloth.
According to
In the method according to any of embodiments 82 to 120, according to
In the method according to any of embodiments 82 to 121, in accordance with
According to an
According to example 124 of the present invention, in the method of any one of examples 82 to 123, the total amount of polyhexamethylene biguanide contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles applied to the fabric is at least 0.03% by weight, preferably at least 0.05% by weight, or at least 0.10% by weight, more preferably at least 0.15% by weight, based on the weight of the fabric.
According to an
In the method according to any of embodiments 82 to 125 according to embodiment 126 of the present invention, the total amount of azole compound contained in the padding liquor used in all treatment cycles is applied to the cloth in an amount of at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.10% by weight, more preferably at least 0.15% by weight, most preferably at least 0.20% by weight, based on the weight of the cloth.
According to a 127 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 82 nd to 116 th embodiments, in all processing cycles:
the total amount of quaternary ammonium organosilane compound applied to the cloth is at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.2% by weight, more preferably at least 0.3% by weight, and is at most 7% by weight, preferably at most 6% by weight, more preferably at most 5% by weight; and/or the total amount of silver cations entrapped in the inorganic or organic matrix applied to the cloth is at least 0.004%, preferably at least 0.006%, more preferably at least 0.008%, and at most 0.03%, preferably at most 0.02%, more preferably at most 0.15%; and/or
The total amount of polyglucosamine applied to the cloth is at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.08% by weight, more preferably at least 0.10% by weight, and at most 0.3% by weight, preferably at most 0.25% by weight, more preferably at most 0.2%:
and/or the total amount of an azole compound applied to the cloth is at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.15% by weight, more preferably at least 0.2% by weight, and at most 0.5% by weight, preferably at most 0.4% by weight, more preferably at most 0.3% by weight;
and/or the polyhexamethylene biguanide is applied to the cloth in a total amount of at least 0.02% by weight, preferably at least 0.03% by weight, more preferably at least 0.04% by weight, and in a total amount of at most 0.2% by weight, preferably at most 0.15% by weight, more preferably at most 0.1% by weight, all based on the weight of the cloth.
According to embodiment 128 of the present invention, in the method of any one of embodiments 82 to 116, in all processing cycles:
the total amount of quaternary ammonium organosilane compound applied to the cloth is at least 0.3% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, more preferably at least 0.6% by weight, and the total amount is at most 0.9% by weight, preferably at most 0.8% by weight, more preferably at most 0.7% by weight;
And/or the total amount of silver cations entrapped in the inorganic or organic matrix applied to the cloth is at least 0.004%, preferably at least 0.006%, more preferably at least 0.008%, and at most 0.03%, preferably at most 0.02%, more preferably at most 0.15%;
and/or a total amount of at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.15% by weight, more preferably at least 0.2% by weight, of an azole compound applied to the cloth, and at most 0.5% by weight, preferably at most 0.4% by weight, more preferably at most 0.3% by weight;
and/or the polyhexamethylene biguanide is applied to the cloth in a total amount of at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.08% by weight, more preferably at least 0.10% by weight, and at most 0.3% by weight, preferably at most 0.25% by weight, more preferably at most 0.2% by weight, all based on the weight of the cloth.
According to a 129 th embodiment of the invention, in the method of any one of the 113 th to 128 th embodiments, the additional antimicrobial agent in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycle, or in the padding liquor used in the first and second treatment cycle, is used in a total amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the cloth.
In the method of any of embodiments 114-129, in accordance with
According to an
According to a 132 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 1 st to 131 st embodiments, the one or more antimicrobial agents in the padding liquor used in the first and/or second treatment cycles have a particle size of at least 250 nm, preferably at least 500 nm, more preferably at least 750 nm, and most preferably at least 1,000 nm in all dimensions (length, width, height).
According to 133 the method of any one of the
In a method according to any one of embodiments 82-133, in accordance with
In accordance with example 135 of the present invention, in example 134, the triazole-based compound is propiconazole (propiconazole).
According to a 136 th embodiment of the present invention, in the method of any one of the 1 st to 135 th embodiments, the one or more antimicrobial agents are directly bound to the cloth, particularly when the antimicrobial agent is a quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, polyglucosamine, or polyhexamethylene biguanide; or bonded directly to the cloth in an inorganic or organic matrix, particularly when the antimicrobial agent is silver cation; or bonded to the cloth by cross-linking, particularly when the antimicrobial agent is an azole compound.
In a method according to any of embodiments 1-136 of the present invention, in accordance with
Patent claims for fabric material:
the steps define a request for a product:
embodiment 138 of the present invention is a fabric obtained by the method of any one of
Cloth with antimicrobial agent attached thereto:
a 139 th embodiment of the invention is a fabric having one or more antimicrobial agents adhered or bonded or covalently bonded thereto. In embodiment 139, the fabric is a fabric according to embodiment 138 of the invention, according to
In a cloth according to any of embodiments No. 139 or No. 140 in accordance with example 141 of the present invention, the one or more antimicrobial agents are selected and/or applied according to any of embodiments 82 to 137.
In a cloth according to any of
In the cloth according to any of embodiments 139 to 142 according to embodiment 143 of the present invention, the (untreated) cloth is a material as defined in any of embodiments 72 to 81.
In accordance with embodiment 144 of the present invention, in the fabric of any one of embodiments 139 to 143, the one or more antimicrobial agents are substantially uniformly distributed throughout a cross-section of the fabric.
In a cloth according to any of embodiments 139 to 144 in accordance with
In any of the cloths of example 145, according to example 146 of the present invention, the non-leaching is adhered or bonded or covalently bonded to the cloth with a weight proportion of 0.1% (relative to the weight of the cloth) of an antimicrobial agent, the amount of leaching of which is as defined in example 154 below.
Antimicrobial properties of the cloth:
according to example 147 of the present invention, the cloth of any of examples 139 to 146 may exhibit a reduction in the number of escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and/or staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and/or ATCC 43300 and/or klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 and/or ATCC 13883 and/or vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035 and/or a reduction in the number of spores of clostridium difficile ATCC 43598, as measured according to ASTM standard E2149-10 and/or AATCC test method 100-1999 and/or AATCC test method 100-2012, of at least 99.9%, preferably of at least 99.99%, more preferably of at least 99.999%, most preferably of at least 99.9999%, both within a contact time of 24 hours, preferably within a contact time of 6 hours, more preferably within a contact time of 1 hour, even more preferably within a contact time of 15 minutes, in particular within a contact time of 15 minutes, most preferably within a contact time of 5 minutes.
In a fabric according to example 148 of the present invention, in example 147, the reduction is achieved after at least 25 washes, even in a washing machine, each wash at a temperature of 85 ± 15 ℃ for 40-50 minutes, preferably using a branded antimicrobial-free, ionic-free and chlorine-free laundry detergent, preferably followed by a standard rinse cycle rinse, and preferably a drying time of 62-96 ℃ for 20-30 minutes.
According to the 149 th embodiment of the present invention, after 25 times of washing, the cloth according to any of the 139 th to 148 th embodiments, exhibits a reduced number of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and/or ATCC 43300 and/or Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and/or Salmonella ATCC 10708 and/or Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33592 and/or ATCC 43300 and/or Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and/or Vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035, and/or clostridium difficile ATCC43598, at least 99%, preferably at least 99.9%, more preferably at least 99.99%, even more preferably at least 99.999%, most preferably at least 99.9999%, this value is the result of a test according to EPA test method 90072PA4 after a 10 minute continuous re-inoculation (reinoculations) followed by an abrasion cycle with alternating dry and wet.
according to example 150 of the present invention, the cloth of any of examples 139 to 149 exhibits a reduction in the number of Phi- × 174 phages of at least 99.9%, preferably at least 99.99%, more preferably at least 99.999%, more preferably at least 99.9999%, and most preferably at least 99.99999% in 60 ml of 1.23 × 108PFU/ml Phi-X174 phage suspension, 138 mbar pressure through the cloth for 1 minutes, according to the test standard ASTM F1671/1671M-13 measurement results.
According to example 151 of the present invention, in example 150, the reduction is achieved after at least 25 washes, even if the cloth is washed in a washing machine for 40-50 minutes at a temperature of 85 ± 15 ℃ each time, preferably using a branded antimicrobial-free, ion-free and chlorine-free laundry detergent, preferably followed by a standard rinse cycle and preferably drying at 62-96 ℃ for 20-30 minutes.
In accordance with example 152 of the present invention, the cloth of any of examples 139 to 151, when tested according to AATCC test method 30-2013, part III (on agar plates, aspergillus niger), exhibited zero growth of microorganisms.
According to
Non-leaching properties of the cloth:
in the fabric of any of
the cloth is soaked in exposed water, preferably distilled water, in a proportion of 1000 ml of water per 10 g of cloth,
The cloth is kept completely immersed in the exposure water during this test, preferably at a temperature between 21 ℃ and 25 ℃, and
after this testing period has elapsed, the exposed water is extracted and tested for the presence of various antimicrobial agents present therein, preferably using the GC-MS method.
The purpose of the cloth is as follows:
The product using the cloth is as follows:
embodiment 157 of the present invention is a garment, particularly a medical garment, more particularly a surgical gown, comprised of or comprising the fabric according to any one of embodiments 139 to 154 of the present invention, particularly the fabric made according to the method of
Embodiment 158 of the invention is an air filter comprising the cloth of any of embodiments 139 to 154 as a filter media.
A 159 th embodiment of the invention is a cloth for use in a kitchen or bakery, especially a cloth towel, an apron or oven glove, underwear, socks, medical garments, especially brushings or medical masks, military garments, airline garments, undershirts, bedding articles, especially sheets, pillows or comforters, curtains, children's garments, school uniforms, bath towels, stepping blankets, upholstery, tabletops, car interiors, architectural style cloths, especially tents or awnings, exercise articles, especially exercise mats or boxing gloves, dog beds, bandages, or incontinence diapers, the cloth being made of or comprising the cloth of any of the 139 th to 154 th embodiments.
And (3) filtering:
a 160 nd embodiment of the invention is an apparatus for purifying water, comprising: a particulate filter; and an antimicrobial filter. The antimicrobial filter comprises a cloth having antimicrobial properties, wherein the cloth is preferably a cloth according to any one of embodiments 139 to 154 of the present invention, in particular a cloth made by the method of
By directing the water to be filtered through the particle filter and subsequently through the antimicrobial filter, clogging of the antimicrobial filter by dust particles can be avoided. In purifying water using the antimicrobial filter, contaminated water must come into contact with the cloth having antimicrobial properties. In this way the microorganisms are destroyed and/or harmlessly rendered such that the water becomes purified after passing through the antimicrobial filter. If the antimicrobial filter becomes clogged with particles, such as dirt particles suspended in the water, the water contaminated with microorganisms will not come into contact with the cloth, and as a result the performance of the antimicrobial filter may be reduced. Thus, providing a reliable particle filter at the upstream side of the antimicrobial filter to filter dust particles may improve the lifetime and performance of the antimicrobial filter.
In addition, if the anti-microbial filter is prevented from being blocked, the flow rate of water can be increased, and purified water can be output at higher speed. Thus providing purified water to more people using a minimum amount of equipment. Not only does this increase the output of purified water reduce the cost per litre of purified water, making the device a affordable unit for poor populations.
Since the device is based on the filtration principle, the water purification treatment method suitable for purifying water using the device is also similar to the conventional water filtration method using a cloth filter, and is well known. Thus, the present invention may eliminate the need for expensive and complex training of use by the user.
According to 161 th embodiment of the present invention, in the apparatus of 160 th embodiment, the particulate filter comprises or is cloth, preferably non-woven cloth.
Furthermore, the reason for the choice of nonwoven is that nonwoven is more resistant to mechanical treatment, such as washing, than woven fabrics, where chemicals are embedded in the material. For example, if the particulate filter becomes clogged with dust or the like, dirt particles can be removed from the filter by washing. The filter is preferably flushed with clean water, in the opposite direction from the direction in which the particulate contaminated water passes through the particulate filter as it is filtered. However, a pure rinsing is usually not sufficient to completely clean the particle filter, i.e. to restore the particle filter to its original state. Therefore, it is often necessary to perform a mechanical treatment, such as brushing the filter. Providing a particulate filter with improved mechanical durability may extend the life of the particulate filter and thus may minimize the cost required per liter of pure water.
According to an
Melt-bonding type nonwovens are produced by extruding molten fibers, such as polymer fibers, to form long fibers. The long fibers are drawn and hot air is typically passed through the drawing fibers for cooling. Thus, during the drawing and during the subsequent collection, the fibres, which are still in the molten state, are simultaneously also entangled and adhere to one another. Thus, a nonwoven fabric having stable and highly mechanical-resistant properties, and a filter therefor, can be provided. The resulting cloth is preferably collected into rolls and subsequently converted into finished products. A filter comprising or formed from a melt-bonded type fabric can provide fine filtration, lower pressure loss and enhanced durability.
The results of practical tests carried out by the inventors show in particular that fibres of this type, when used in filters, do not undergo translocation during filtration and recovery. Thus, the pore size and/or initial filter characteristics of the nonwoven filter are stable. Even after the nonwoven filter has been used and/or reused for an extended period of time and/or has been recovered and/or washed. In addition, the melt-bonded nonwoven also proves to be amenable to mechanical treatment, such as washing. And therefore, the melt-bonding type nonwoven fabric is very suitable for use in a particulate filter for purifying water. Further, the device of the present invention is capable of providing higher flow rates than known filters due to the lower pressure loss exhibited by the melt-bonded type cloth filter. Therefore, the present invention can provide a filter having a remarkably prolonged life and an apparatus capable of improving the yield of purified water.
In the apparatus of any one of embodiments 160-162, according to 163 of the present invention, the particulate filter is removable from the apparatus and is capable of being cleaned.
A particulate filter that can be unpicked and cleaned allows the particulate filter to be separated from the apparatus for cleaning. Thus, contaminants, such as dust particles, etc., can be effectively removed from the device. Particles flushed out of the filter by the water do not return to the apparatus and/or to the adjacent filter. Thus, the contaminants may be permanently removed.
According to 164 th embodiment of the invention, in the apparatus according to any one of the 160 th to 163 th embodiments, the particulate filter has an average pore size in the range of 9 to 16 μm, preferably of the type as defined in the 2 nd embodiment. This pore size range allows filtering very coarse particles such as sand, sediment and/or the like.
According to
According to an embodiment 166 of the invention, in the apparatus of
According to an 167 th embodiment of the invention, in the apparatus of the 160 th to 163 th embodiments, the particulate filter has an average pore size in the range of 0.5 to 2 microns, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 microns, more preferably about 1 micron, preferably of the type as defined in the 3 rd embodiment.
A filter having a pore size according to the above described embodiments is capable of filtering cysts or other unicellular organisms, as well as very fine dust particles. If the particulate filter according to the above embodiment is applied upstream of the antimicrobial filter, clogging of the antimicrobial filter can be effectively prevented. To provide the fine pore diameter according to the above embodiment, a melt-bonding type nonwoven fabric is suitable. Because, in addition, the pore size and/or the initial particle filtration characteristics of the nonwoven fabric may remain substantially stable throughout the life of the particle filter. Practical tests carried out by the inventors have shown in particular that filters of melt-bonded nonwovens offer significantly improved mechanical resistance compared to filters of nonwovens where the fibers are spun-bonded and/or spun-laid (spunlaid). The fibers of prior art spun-bonded and/or spun-laid nonwoven filters are easily debonded after washing. Therefore, in the filter used in the related art, the fibers are easily displaced, so that the pore size of the filter is thus enlarged. This results in a deterioration of the filter characteristics and in the washing process and further guides the particles deeper into the filter. In contrast, filters using melt-bonded nonwovens do not, or at least reduce, fiber delamination. This fact indicates that the melt-bonded nonwoven filter can withstand harsh washing procedures, such as brushing, without the risk of fiber migration. Therefore, the filter of the melt-bonding type nonwoven fabric can provide a substantially stable pore size and filter characteristics even after a plurality of washing steps.
According to an embodiment 168 of the present invention, the apparatus of
According to the 169 th embodiment of the present invention, the apparatuses of the 160 th to 168 th embodiments additionally comprise an activated carbon filter configured such that water to be purified can pass through the activated carbon filter during use of the apparatus. Activated carbon filters can provide small, low volume pores and increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reaction. Therefore, the taste and smell of the water to be purified can be effectively removed. Preferably organic compounds that would produce taste and odor are filtered out. Thus, residual chlorine and iodine, cleaning agents, radon, and some man-made organic chemicals such as various insecticides, and volatile organic chemicals such as paint thinner, etc., and other components can be effectively removed.
In the apparatus according to example 169 of the present invention,
In the apparatus of
According to embodiment 172 of the present invention, the apparatus of embodiments 169 through 171 includes a first nonwoven filter, preferably to remove initial soiling, preferably a filter as defined in
If multiple filters are provided, and particularly particulate filters with carefully selected pores and durability, an activated carbon filter and an antimicrobial filter will more effectively remove particulates, odors, etc., and microorganisms. Thus, raw water from almost any fresh water source can be purified by filtration. In addition, using a plurality of filters having different filtering characteristics, a specific individual type of contaminant may be removed from raw water. Examination of the practice performed by the inventors shows that the first nonwoven filter, i.e. the filter as described in the description of the previous embodiment, i.e. the filter having a pore size in the range of 7 to 13 microns, is provided upstream of the second nonwoven filter, i.e. the filter as described in the description of the other embodiment, i.e. the filter having a pore size in the range of 3 to 7 microns. Such a filter device can be operated for a significantly longer period of time than a filter device known in the art, for example a pre-filter with a pore size of only 10 microns upstream and an activated carbon odour filter downstream.
For example, if an activated carbon odor filter is used as the particulate filter, the pressure loss of the odor filter will increase significantly when the odor filter is clogged, resulting in a decrease in the flow rate. In addition, since the particles are difficult to remove after staying in the odor filter, the life of the filter is significantly shortened as a result. Therefore, by providing an additional second nonwoven fabric filter in the manner as defined in the description of
The preferred arrangement of the filters according to the above embodiments is in the following order: aligned in the flow direction of the water to be filtered: a first nonwoven filter having an average pore size of about 10 microns per second nonwoven filter, an average pore size of about 5 microns per activated carbon filter per melt-bonded type of fabric filter, and an average pore size of about 1 micron per antimicrobial filter. This arrangement prevents clogging of the filter, particularly the antimicrobial filter. The overall life or operational time of the device may be extended.
Filter structure ("cartridge filter"):
in the apparatus according to embodiments 160-172, one or more filters are arranged to surround a chamber to form a filter structure, such that, in use, water to be purified enters or leaves the chamber and passes through each of the one or more filters, according to embodiment 173 of the present invention. Preferably, the chamber is formed by a suitable water-permeable support structure, or more preferably even by the filter or filters. For example, the cloth of the filter may be wrapped around a chamber to form the filter. Or the cloth of the filter may be provided in the form of a sleeve so that the filter cloth may cover the chamber in a pulling manner. If the filter cloth is provided in a sleeve-like form, it may optionally be manufactured in a seamless form. Directing the water to be purified through each of the one or more filters ensures that the water is properly purified.
In the apparatus according to embodiment 174 of the present invention according to embodiment 173, the one or more filters are configured such that, in use of the apparatus, water to be purified passes through the one or more filters before entering the chamber, if the filter arrangement is used as a dirty filter; and only exits the filter structure through the one or more filters if the filter structure includes an antimicrobial filter. If the filter arrangement is to be used as a dirty filter, the water to be purified is directed so that it first passes through one or more filters before entering the chamber, i.e. particles are prevented from settling inside the chamber. Since this design can protect the filter structure from clogging, the operational time of the filter structure can be extended. Further, cleaning of the filter structure will also become easier, since particles/dirt will only adhere to the outer surface of the filter structure. For example, by simply flushing water into the chamber of the filter arrangement and directing the purified water away from the chamber and through the filter or filters, particles attached to or clogging the filter can be effectively washed away and removed to the outside of the filter. Hereby it is possible to keep the chamber inside the dirty filter free from contamination.
If the filter structure comprises an antimicrobial filter, the way in which the water to be purified is led through one or more filters before leaving the chamber will enable the antimicrobial filter to be arranged at the outermost layer of the filter structure. This arrangement can enlarge the effective surface of the antimicrobial filter and improve the effect of removing microorganisms. Furthermore, if the antimicrobial filter is located at the outermost layer of the filter structure, the antimicrobial cloth of the antimicrobial filter may be kept in continuous contact with the purified water, under which structure the purified water may be collected at the portion around the filter structure including the antimicrobial filter. Thus, at least a portion of the antimicrobial cloth remains in constant contact with the purified water, further purifying the purified water and preventing the formation of colonies or colonies of microorganisms in the purified water.
In the apparatus according to embodiments 175, 173 to 174, the filter structure has substantially the shape of a prism or a cylinder, and the one or more filters are disposed at the side of the prism or at the curved side of the cylinder, respectively. The filter cloth can be easily arranged on the side of a cylindrical or prismatic filter structure, for example, in a wrapped manner. Likewise, the filter cloth can also easily be applied in traction over the cylindrical or prismatic filter structure if the filter cloth is made in the form of a sleeve, for example. However, the filter cloth may also be provided in other ways. The arrangement of the filter on the sides of the prism or on the curved surface of the cylinder provides a larger filtering surface and thus a higher flow rate. Still further, if the axial axes of the prisms and/or cylinders are oriented vertically and the water to be purified is flowing into or out of the chamber of the filter structure, particles will stay in the area close to the lower part of the filter, thereby reducing the risk of the upper area of the filter becoming clogged.
In the apparatus according to embodiments 176, 173 to 175 of the present invention, the filter structure is a cartridge filter. Cartridge filters provide a large surface area, enabling them to operate at high flow rates for extended periods of time. This type of filter is also most easily flushed clean with pure water. In general, a cartridge filter provides at least one end cap, a support structure for forming a chamber, and the filter cloth. Due to the simple structure, the cartridge filter has low cost. In addition, the extraction filter requires less maintenance. The cylindrical filter is usually decontaminated by simply flushing it, and remains in operation.
According to an 177 embodiment of the invention, in the device of the 173 th to 176 th embodiments, the filter arrangement has an opening and is configured such that, during use of the device, if water to be purified enters the chamber through one or more filters, the water to be purified leaves the filter arrangement through the opening; if the water to be purified leaves the filter structure through one or more filters, the water to be purified enters the filter structure through the opening. The openings direct water out of or into the chamber. Further, the opening facilitates cleaning of the filter, since if during use the water to be purified is passed through the filter or filters into the chamber, i.e. in a form where particles are substantially attached to the outside of the filter structure, the filter can be cleaned by flushing water inwards through the opening. If, during use, the water to be purified leaves the chamber through one or more filters, particles that may have settled in the chamber when the water is filtered can be removed through the opening.
In the device of embodiment 177 according to embodiment 178 of the invention, the opening is formed in a bottom portion of the prism or cylinder when the device of embodiment 175 is used. The design of the openings arranged at the base of the prism or cylinder allows the filter cloth of the one or more filters to be arranged completely wrapped around the sides of the prism or the curved surface of the cylinder. Thus, a maximum filtering surface can be provided. In addition, the bottom typically has a flat surface so that the opening can be easily formed, for example by drilling or the like. In addition, providing an opening on the flat surface is easier to seal than providing an opening on a curved surface, such as the curved face of the cylinder.
In the apparatus according to embodiments 173-178, the one or more filters of the filter arrangement according to embodiment 179 of the present invention include a first nonwoven filter, preferably for initial stain removal, preferably a nonwoven filter as defined in
If a plurality of filters, and in particular a plurality of particle filters, an activated carbon filter and an antimicrobial filter can be provided, particles, odors and the like, and microorganisms can be effectively removed. While the advantages provided by any of the filter arrangements according to the above embodiments may be combined. In particular, the filter arrangements described above are easy and inexpensive to manufacture, and are also easy to clean/rinse. The filter according to the above embodiment is preferably configured in the following order: according to the flow path of the water to be purified: a first nonwoven filter having an average pore size of about 10 microns per second nonwoven filter, an average pore size of about 5 microns per activated carbon filter per melt-bonded type of fabric filter, and an average pore size of about 1 micron per antimicrobial filter. This arrangement is effective in preventing clogging of the filter, particularly the antimicrobial filter. Thus, the present invention can extend the overall life of the device and the operational time of the filter relative to known filters that provide different pore size sequencing.
Feed vessel with filter cartridge inside:
the apparatus according to embodiments 173 through 179, further comprising a feed vessel according to
The apparatus according to embodiment 181 of the present invention, in embodiments 173 through 179, further comprising a feed vessel; and the filter arrangement is arranged on the floor of the feed container and projects outwardly of the feed container such that, in use of the device, water to be purified enters the chamber of the filter arrangement first and leaves the filter arrangement through the filter or filters of the filter arrangement.
A filter structure protruding to the outside is provided on the feed container to accelerate the filtration of the water to be purified. Since the filter structure is arranged at the bottom of the feed vessel, protruding to the outside, the maximum feed pressure can be obtained for operating the filter structure, resulting in an increased flow rate. Embodiment 138 is particularly suited to filter constructions that include an antimicrobial filter, preferably with the antimicrobial filter positioned at the outermost layer. Thus, the advantages discussed in
Feed vessel with filter cartridge inside and outside:
the apparatus of embodiments 173-178, according to embodiment 182 of the present invention, further comprising a feed vessel; an inner filter structure, as defined in embodiment 177, disposed on the floor of the feed container and projecting inwardly of the feed container such that, during use of the apparatus, water to be purified passes from the feed container, through the one or more filters of the inner filter structure, into the chamber of the inner filter structure, and out of the inner filter structure through the openings of the inner filter structure; and an outer filter structure, as defined in embodiment 177, disposed on the floor of the feed container and protruding outwardly of the feed container such that, during use of the device, water to be purified passes through the openings of the outer filter structure, into the chamber of the outer filter structure, and through the one or more filters of the outer filter structure, out of the outer filter structure; wherein the openings of the inner filter structure are directly or indirectly connected with the openings of the outer filter structure.
The arrangement according to this embodiment combines the advantages of the previously described embodiments and thus provides for facilitated filtration, increased filter operation cycle, and improved flow rate.
In an apparatus according to embodiment 183 of the present invention, in the apparatus of embodiment 182, the one or more filters in the inner filter structure comprise one or more of the nonwoven fabric filters as defined in any one of
The inner filter structure may comprise one or more filters having a pore size in the range of from 3 to 16 microns, as defined in any of the most examples hereinbefore, and an activated carbon filter to remove particulates, odours and the like from the water to be purified, as described above, before the water to be purified enters the outer filter structure. With this design, coarse particles, dirt and dust particles can be retained in the feed container, after which the pre-filtered water is supplied to the inner and outer filter structures, respectively, sufficiently to prevent the outer filter structure from becoming clogged. This design may result in an extended life of the filter structure and improved flow rate of the filtered water. Further, as previously described, providing one or more non-woven filters upstream of the activated carbon filter may prevent clogging of the activated carbon filter while still achieving higher flow rates. The design of this embodiment is advantageous because it is more difficult to wash the activated carbon filter than it is to wash the one or more nonwoven filters. By selecting a suitable pore size, the activated carbon filter can be effectively prevented from being clogged.
In an apparatus according to embodiment 184 of the present invention, in embodiment 183, the one or more nonwoven filters comprise: a first filter, as defined in any of
In the device according to the 183 th or 184 th embodiment of the present invention according to the 185 th embodiment, at least the outermost nonwoven filter is removable, preferably in the form or configuration of a sleeve. A removable nonwoven filter makes the nonwoven filter easy to wash because the nonwoven filter can be separated from the filter structure. Thus, contaminants, such as dust particles, can be effectively removed from the detachable nonwoven filter. Furthermore, if the detachable nonwoven filter has been damaged, it can be easily replaced without having to replace the entire filter structure/apparatus. The sleeve-type nonwoven filter facilitates the reconfiguration of the filter around the chamber. Thus, the sleeve-shaped nonwoven filter can be easily pulled against the chamber, or the filter structure. Further, a sleeve-like nonwoven filter provides a tight fit to the chamber, or filter structure, sufficient to prevent the flow of water to be purified around the nonwoven filter, thereby ensuring proper purification.
In an apparatus according to embodiments 182 through 185 of the present invention in accordance with embodiment 186, the one or more filters of the outer filter structure comprise a melt-adhesive type cloth filter, as defined in embodiment 124, and the antimicrobial filter is disposed downstream of the melt-adhesive type cloth filter.
First, the outer filter structure is protected from particulate clogging by the inner filter structure. Additionally, melt-bonded type cloth filters have advantages as described with respect to embodiments 119 and 124 herein. Providing a melt-bonded type cloth filter in the outer filter structure will protect the antimicrobial filter from clogging by, for example, very fine particles. Thus, due to the very effective pre-filtration, the antimicrobial filter is not damaged by the particles contained in the water to be purified. Further, the melt-bonding type cloth filter has a function of redirecting water to be purified passing through the melt-bonding type cloth filter, as compared with the filter known in the art. Particularly when water leaves the melt-bonding type of cloth and thus passes through the antimicrobial filter in a manner that is apparently less laminar (i.e., in a manner that is more like a tubular flow). Therefore, preferably, the path length of water through the antimicrobial filter is lengthened, which is longer than the radial thickness of the antimicrobial filter. Therefore, water repeatedly contacts the antimicrobial filter in the antimicrobial filter, so that the purification effect of the antimicrobial filter can be improved.
Secondly, the melt-bonded nonwoven filter provided in the outer filter structure may exhibit significantly improved mechanical resistance compared to filters of fibrous spunbond and/or spunlaid nonwovens as used in the prior art.
According to the 187 embodiment of the invention, in the device of the 180 th or 182 th to 186 th embodiments, the filter structure reaches the top of the feed container from the bottom surface of the feed container.
In the apparatus according to
In the apparatus according to embodiment 189 of the invention, in the apparatus of embodiment 188, the coarse filter is a flat filter and is retained by a cup-shaped structure, preferably a cup-shaped structure having a circular cross-section, and having a preferably substantially flat bottom surface for removably receiving the flat filter. The design held by a cup-shaped structure, preferably with a substantially flat bottom surface, may provide for a tight fit of the coarse filter on the cup-shaped structure, thereby preventing water to be purified from bypassing the coarse filter and flowing into the feed vessel. In addition, the coarse filter is less likely to be displaced, for example when water is poured into the cup-shaped structure, due to the ability to provide a tight form fit. The cup-shaped structure is preferably shaped to receive a quantity of water to be purified such that the water to be purified does not have to be refilled continuously. Furthermore, the cup-shaped structure can preferably provide a collar at the front end opposite the flat bottom surface to prevent water to be purified from bypassing the cup-shaped structure and flowing into the feed container. The collar also prevents the cup-shaped structure from accidentally falling into the feed container. Furthermore, a cup-shaped structure with an annular cross-section makes it easier to form a seal against the flat filter and against the opening of the feed container receiving the cup-shaped structure. Tests have shown that the flat filter can be removed at will and also mounted more easily than other shapes of coarse filter, such as the bag filter used in the prior art. Further, providing a flat filter having a flat surface facilitates the washing of the filter more than a bag-shaped filter.
In accordance with a 190 th embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus of embodiments 180-189, further comprising a storage vessel, wherein the feed vessel is disposed above the storage vessel. Providing a storage container allows safe storage of purified water and prevents new contamination of the purified water. Further, the placement of the feed vessel above the storage vessel may support a preferably gravity-based flow path for the water, and thus may preferably not require the use of additional energy to direct the purified water into the storage vessel. Furthermore, by arranging the feed vessel above the storage vessel, the flow path length can also be minimized and the risk of new contamination can be reduced.
In an apparatus according to embodiment 190 of the present invention, in embodiment 191, the storage vessel includes a faucet. The tap can make the pure water of the receiving container flow out without opening the storage container. Thus, the risk of new contamination during the removal of the purified water can be avoided.
According to the 192 th embodiment of the present invention, in the apparatus of the 190 th or 191 th embodiment, the feeding container and the storage container are detachably connected. The detachable connection between the feed container and the storage container allows for easy cleaning of the container, easy removal of the filter structure, and the filter cloth.
According to the 193 th embodiment of the invention, in the apparatus of the 190 th to 192 th embodiments, each container is configured in size: after the two containers are disassembled, the feeding container can be placed into the storage container through the opening of the storage container. Therefore, a smaller package size can be achieved, transportation or transportation becomes easy, and transportation costs can be reduced.
In the apparatus according to the 194 th embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus according to the 190 th to 193 th embodiments further comprises a support ring and/or a sealing ring between the feed container and the storage container, preferably shaped to guide the water to flow down the outer surface of the feed container without flowing to the upper edge of the opening of the storage container. By using a support ring and/or sealing ring connected between the feed container and the storage container, a tight fit between the two containers can be formed to prevent contaminants, such as dust particles and/or microorganisms, from entering the storage container. In addition, by using a support ring and/or a sealing ring, the sealing properties between feed container and storage container can be significantly improved, since deviations in the sealing surfaces, such as deviations in angle, diameter, height or flatness, for example, between the feed container and the storage container can be compensated for by means of the support ring and/or the sealing ring. In addition, the support ring and/or the sealing ring are/is formed to guide water to flow downward on the outer surface of the feed container without flowing to the upper edge of the opening of the storage container, so that the secondary pollution of purified water by non-purified water can be prevented. The method of causing water to flow down the outer surface of the feed vessel may be achieved by, for example, overflowing the water to be purified rather than filling it accurately into the feed vessel and/or the cup-shaped structure.
In the apparatus according to embodiments 190-194 of the present invention, the cloth having antimicrobial properties during use of the apparatus is contacted with water collected in the storage container according to
According to example 196 of the present invention, in the apparatus of examples 180 to 195, the volume of the container as defined in any of examples 180 to 182 or 190 isIn the range of liters.
According to embodiment 197 of the invention, the flow rate of the water in the apparatus of
In an apparatus according to any of embodiments 180-197 of the present invention, a container as defined in any of embodiments 180-182 or 190 is made of or includes food grade ethylene terephthalate (PET).
PET provides excellent water and moisture barrier properties and is therefore well suited as a container for water. In addition, PET is a transparent material so that visible contaminants on the container can be easily detected. Because PET provides a semi-rigid to rigid characteristic, PET containers are more durable and less prone to breakage than glass containers. In addition, because PET is lightweight, the device is easy to handle.
According to the embodiment 199, the device of the
Cell type system:
a 200 th embodiment of the present invention is directed to a system for purifying water, comprising: preferably a module for removing dirt; preferably a module for fluoride removal: a module for removing odors; preferably a module for removal of arsenic; preferably a module for softening water; preferably a module for removing finer dust particles: preferably a module for removing cysts and/or fine dust particles; a module for removing microorganisms; wherein the modules are configured such that water to be purified can pass through the modules, preferably in the order described above, when the system is in operation.
Providing a plurality of modules, and in particular a module for removing fouling, and a module for removing odors and for removing microorganisms, may achieve the objective of removing particles, odors and the like, as well as microorganisms. Thus, almost any raw water obtained from a fresh water source can be purified by filtration. Furthermore, several different modules have different contaminant removal characteristics, which allow for the specific removal of different types of contaminants from raw water. Thus, the system can be adapted to the conditions of a particular environment at different operating sites.
In the system of
In the system of embodiment 201, according to embodiment 202 of the present invention, the means for removing the fouling is a pressurized sand filter, preferably containing multi-stage sand. The pressurized sand filter typically includes: silica quartz sand, preferably supported by a layer of material comprising pebbles and gravel, also preferably includes a top distributor for distributing incoming water evenly over the cross-section of the pressurized sand filter. The method of introducing the raw water is preferably to flow downward to pass through a filter and then to be guided to a draft tube. Smaller grit provides increased surface area and thus improved filtration performance. And therefore may be used to filter out particles preferably having a particle size of less than 10 microns, more preferably less than 5 microns. Multi-grade sands include different sizes and grades of sand that can be used to adjust filtration performance. It is preferred to arrange sand particles of different sizes and grades in separate layers so that the dust particles to be filtered out can be removed in different layers of the filter. This prevents clogging of the filter and prolongs its operational time. In addition, sand filters provide higher flow rates and lower pressure losses.
According to
In the system according to
Granular activated carbon has a relatively large particle size compared to powdered activated carbon. Thus providing a smaller outer surface. Thus, the granular activated carbon can provide a good balance in the ratio of the particle diameter to the surface area, and can provide appropriate filtration characteristics, as well as good pressure loss characteristics.
According to an embodiment 205 of the invention, in the system of the 200 th to 204 th embodiments, the module for removing fouling and/or the module for removing fluoride and/or the module for removing odours and/or the module for removing arsenic and/or the module for softening the water are comprised in a separate cartridge, preferably made of glass fibre reinforced plastic, and preferably having a counter current flushing system.
The separate canister design may support modularity of the system, as individual canisters may be combined and configured as desired. Canisters made of glass fibre reinforced plastic provide good mechanical stability and are also lightweight. Thus, the system is made easy to transport and can be installed even in hard-to-reach areas, such as areas where no roads are accessible. The provision of the backwash system allows for separate flushing of the module, or the filter within the module, which may extend the life of the system. The counter-current flush water is flushed in a direction opposite to the direction of the water flow path during water purification. The back flushing may be performed for the entire system or may be performed for each module separately. The particles and the filtered contaminants can thus be effectively removed from the module and from the system. In the system according to
In the system according to embodiment 207 of the present invention, the module for removing cysts and/or fine dust particles comprises a particle filter as defined in embodiment 167. Filters having a filter pore size as defined in example 124 of the present invention, i.e., preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 microns, most preferably having an average pore size of about 1 micron, are capable of filtering cysts or other single cell organisms, as well as extremely fine dust particles. If a particle filter according to embodiment 124 of the present invention is provided upstream of the antimicrobial filter, the antimicrobial filter can be effectively prevented from being clogged. For the fine pore size according to embodiment 124 of the present invention, melt-bonded nonwovens are preferred filter materials because, among other advantages, the pore size and/or initial particle filtration characteristics of the nonwoven remain substantially stable over the life of the particulate filter.
In the system according to
In accordance with embodiment 209 of the present invention, in the system of embodiment 208, the module for removing microorganisms further comprises a particulate filter, as defined in embodiment 167, disposed upstream of the cloth having antimicrobial properties. To provide antimicrobial properties, water that has been contaminated with microorganisms is contacted with the cloth having antimicrobial properties. Thus, when the water leaves the module for removing the microorganism, the microorganism in the water is destroyed and/or made harmless, and the water is purified.
According to the 210 th embodiment of the present invention, in the system of the 208 th or 209 th embodiment, the module for removing microorganisms comprises the filter structure defined in any one of the 173 th to 178 th embodiments and a storage tube, and the cloth having antimicrobial properties is one of one or more filters in the filter structure; and during operation of the system, water to be purified first enters the filter structure, passes through the cloth having antimicrobial properties, is collected by the storage tube, and exits the storage tube through an outlet of the storage tube. The above arrangement combines the advantages of the reservoir tube with the advantages of the previously described embodiments.
According to an embodiment 211 of the present invention, in the system of embodiment 210, when dependent on embodiment 209, the particulate filter defined in embodiment 167 is one of the one or more filters of the filter arrangement. This design provides a synergistic effect of the advantages discussed in the above-referenced embodiments.
In the system according to
In the system according to
Providing a water flow rate within the above range is advantageous for providing purified water to larger organisational units such as schools and/or factories, streets, small villages or dormitories.
According to the embodiment 214 of the present invention, in the system of the
In the system of embodiments 200-214, the feed pressure required by the system to pass water through the various components of the system during operation is less than 2.5 bar, preferably less than 2.0 bar, and more preferably less than 1.5 bar, in accordance with embodiment 215 of the present invention. This feed pressure requirement allows the system to operate without the addition of a pump and therefore without the need for electricity. A feed pressure of 2.5 bar corresponds to a water column pressure of about 2.5 meters. Therefore, the raw water reservoir can provide sufficient feed pressure to operate the system as long as it is placed 2.5 meters above the inlet of the first module. Thus, the system can be operated independently of existing infrastructure, such as electricity.
Water filters comprising the cloth of the invention:
embodiment 216 of the invention is directed to a water filter comprising as a filter medium the cloth of any of embodiments 139 to 154, in particular the cloth obtained by the method of embodiment 127 of the invention.
The water filter of embodiment 216 additionally includes a filter for removing contaminants in accordance with embodiment 217 of the present invention.
The water filter of embodiments 216 or 217 may be operated using only gravity, or at feed water pressure, without the need for electricity, according to embodiment 218 of the present invention.
In a water filter according to embodiments 216 to 218, the water filter is an apparatus for purifying water as described in any one of
According to embodiment 220 of the present invention, the water filter in embodiments 216 to 219 can achieve:
reducing the number of bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and/or Vibrio cholerae ATCC14035 contained in the water passing through the filter by at least 99.9%, preferably by at least 99.99%, more preferably by at least 99.999%, and most preferably by at least 99.9999% when the system is operating normally;
Reducing the number of spores of clostridium difficile ATCC 43598 contained in the water passing through the filter by at least 90%, preferably by at least 99%, more preferably by at least 99.9%, most preferably by at least 99.99% when the system is operating normally; and/or
The number of cysts contained in the water passing through the filter is reduced by at least 90%, preferably at least 99%, more preferably at least 99.9%, during normal operation of the system. Detailed description of the preferred embodimentsthe following description will illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for making a fabric according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a stenter used in an embodiment according to the present invention;
fig. 3-5 show performance data measurements for an exemplary embodiment of the invention, wherein:
FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the breaking strength of the resulting fabric when treated by the exhaustion process as a function of exhaustion process time and the temperature of the exhaust liquor;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing the reduction in bacterial load of the resulting cloth when treated by the exhaustion method as a function of exhaustion treatment time and the temperature of the exhaust liquor; and is
FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the antimicrobial leaching values of the resulting cloth when treated by the exhaustion process as a function of exhaustion process time and the temperature of the exhaust liquor;
Fig. 6-8 show performance data measurements for another exemplary embodiment of the invention, wherein:
FIG. 6 is a bar graph showing the tensile strength of the resulting fabric when treated by the exhaustion process as a function of exhaustion process time and dye dip temperature;
FIG. 7 is a bar graph showing the reduction in bacterial count of the resulting fabric when treated by the exhaustion method as a function of exhaustion treatment time and the temperature of the exhaust liquor; and is
FIG. 8 is a bar graph showing the antimicrobial leaching values of the resulting cloth when treated by the exhaust method as a function of exhaust treatment time and the temperature of the exhaust liquor;
FIGS. 9-12 show the results of measurements of the reduction in bacterial load achieved by various exemplary embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows measured values of leaching characteristics in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, and
figure 14 shows measured values of leaching characteristics in another example embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 15A to 15C and 15D to 15F show the measurement results of the antimicrobial properties and the leaching amounts of different antimicrobial agents, respectively.
Fig. 16A and 16B show the antimicrobial performance and leaching of different antimicrobial agents, respectively, after exhaustion at a treatment temperature of 80 ℃.
FIGS. 17A and 17B show the antimicrobial performance and leaching of different antimicrobial agents, respectively, after exhaustion at a treatment temperature of 60 deg.C.
Fig. 18A and 18B show the antimicrobial performance and leaching, respectively, of different antimicrobial agents after treatment at higher solution dosages.
Fig. 19A and 19B show antimicrobial performance measurements of different antimicrobial agents applied to cotton and polyester fibers, respectively.
Fig. 20A and 20B show the resulting antimicrobial performance and tensile strength, respectively, of the fabric after curing at different curing temperatures.
Fig. 21A and 21B show the antimicrobial properties and tensile strength obtained after the cloth was cured at 180 c for different cure times, respectively.
Fig. 22A and 22B show the antimicrobial properties and tensile strength, respectively, obtained after the cloth was cured at 170 c for different curing times.
Fig. 23A and 23B show the resulting antimicrobial properties and tensile strength, respectively, of the fabric after curing at 190 c for different curing times.
FIGS. 24A and 24B show the resulting antimicrobial performance of cotton and polyester, respectively, after curing at 180 deg.C.
Fig. 25A and 25B show the resulting antimicrobial performance after curing at 180 ℃ for 100GSM cotton and 300GSM cotton, respectively.
FIGS. 26A and 26B show the resulting antimicrobial performance of 100GSM polyester and 300GSM polyester, respectively, after curing at 180 ℃.
Fig. 27A and 27B show the results of measurement of the antimicrobial property and the leaching value of the cloth obtained by the padding method, respectively.
Fig. 28A and 28B show the results of measurements of antimicrobial performance and leaching values obtained for the blends of antimicrobial agents, respectively.
Fig. 29A and 29B show the results of measurements of antimicrobial performance and leaching values, respectively, obtained with higher doses of antimicrobial cocktails.
Fig. 30A and 30B show the results of measurements of antimicrobial performance and leaching values, respectively, obtained by applying the antimicrobial combination in a padding process.
Fig. 31A and 31B show the results of measurements of antimicrobial performance and leaching values obtained after pad application of the antimicrobial combination and post-washing, respectively.
Fig. 32A and 32B show the performance and leaching value measurements obtained with the antimicrobial combination applied in two treatment cycles of the exhaustion and padding methods, respectively.
Fig. 33A and 33B show measurements of antimicrobial performance and leach values obtained with two treatment cycles, respectively, including a blotting method followed by washing and then padding to apply a combination of antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 34A and 34B show measurements of antimicrobial performance and leach values, respectively, obtained with two treatment cycles including a blotting process followed by a padding process and a final wash to apply a combination of antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 35A and 35B show the results of measurements of antimicrobial performance and leach values obtained with two treatment cycles, including first blotting followed by washing, followed by padding, and finally washing, to apply a mixture of antimicrobial agents, respectively.
FIG. 36 shows a manufacturing materials recipe table used in 8 examples according to the present invention.
Fig. 37 is a table showing the measurement results of the leaching characteristics and the measurement results of the antimicrobial performance of the cloths obtained with 7 of the 8 examples of fig. 36.
Fig. 38 is a bar graph showing the results of the performance test shown in the table of fig. 37 in a visualized manner.
FIG. 39 shows a manufacturing materials recipe table used in 10 examples according to the present invention and contains relevant leaching values and antimicrobial performance measurements.
Fig. 40 is an exploded view of an apparatus for purifying water.
Fig. 41 is a schematic side sectional view of a device for purifying water.
Fig. 42A is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a coarse filter construction.
Fig. 42B is a top view of the coarse filter structure shown in fig. 42A.
FIG. 43 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first filter construction.
FIG. 44 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a second filter construction.
Figure 45 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a support ring and/or sealing ring.
Fig. 46 is a schematic system diagram of a system for purifying water.
FIG. 47 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a module for removing microorganisms.
Method for manufacturing antimicrobial cloth
Fig. 1 shows the steps involved in a
The
Although the padding
It is particularly advantageous to use a exhaustion process in a first treatment cycle if the first treatment cycle is followed by a next treatment cycle. In this case, the second treatment cycle is a second antimicrobial treatment cycle as described below, or a treatment cycle that imparts other properties to the fabric, such as hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. This is because during the exhaustion process, the cloth expands, exposing individual fibers to penetration by the antimicrobial agent. This treatment is particularly suitable for multifilament yarns or for fabrics made from multifilament yarns, which are very suitable for most applications because they are rather strong, have a large surface area and can be mixed. Thus, the reagent can be diffused into the fiber without occupying the surface area of the fiber by the exhaustion process, in much the same way as other surface type padding liquor application processes, such as padding or spray (spray). Thus, if the exhaustion process is used in the first treatment cycle, a second antimicrobial treatment cycle may also be used in the second treatment cycle to improve its antimicrobial properties. The second antimicrobial treatment cycle may in particular be a padding process, but may also be used to apply further functional agents to the cloth during further treatment cycles. In contrast, repeated execution of a surface-type padding liquor application method, such as repeated execution of the padding process procedure, does not improve its performance, at least not to the same extent. Furthermore, the inventors have found that the leaching value of the antimicrobial agent is minimized only by using the exhaustion process in the first treatment cycle. Conversely, if it is a cloth of a nonwoven, the exhaustion process may not be a preferred process because the nonwoven may often not be able to withstand the forces applied by the exhaustion process's processing machines, such as, for example, cross-roll dyeing machines (jigers).
The
In general, more heat is applied to the fabric to facilitate bonding. It is therefore preferred to maintain the temperature of the exhaust liquor sufficiently high during the exhaust treatment and to achieve a sufficient length of exhaust treatment time so that the antimicrobial agent or agents in the exhaust liquor are substantially uniformly distributed over the cross-section of the fabric material after the exhaust treatment. Thus, the temperature of the exhaust liquor can be sufficiently high and the exhaust treatment time sufficiently long, preferably so that the fabric is sufficiently immersed in the exhaust liquor and the antimicrobial agent is dispersed throughout the fabric. It is preferred to achieve a sufficiently long exhaustion process time and to maintain the temperature of the exhaust liquor during the exhaustion process sufficiently high that the desired antimicrobial properties of the cloth are achieved after each curing process. The curing process is described below.
However, excessive heat can cause the fabric to yellow and weaken the fabric. It is therefore preferred to maintain the temperature of the exhaust liquor sufficiently low and/or the exhaust treatment time sufficiently short during the exhaust process so that the fabric, after the exhaust treatment, does not discolor and/or yellow and/or has its breaking (tensile) strength reduced by the exhaust treatment by not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10%, more preferably not more than 7% and most preferably not more than 5%. As is known in the art, excessive heat can cause the fabric to yellow, which is an undesirable result. Therefore, the temperature of the padding liquid should not be too high. Too high a temperature also produces too much steam, reducing the efficiency of the process. Furthermore, if the temperature of the padding liquor is too high, turbulence may occur in the padding liquor bath, so that the cloth may be damaged. In addition, as the exhaustion process is extended, the fabric is weakened, i.e., the breaking strength is reduced.
The term "exhaustion processing time" as used in the context of the present invention is preferably defined as: starting from the moment when at least a part of the material of the entire batch of cloth is first brought into contact with the padding liquor, and continuing until the last part of the batch of cloth is removed from the padding liquor, a period between the two. The ideal exhaustion process treatment time can vary significantly for a given application. If the cloth is a cloth, the length of the exhaustion process will depend on the type of machine, the size of the bath and the length and weight of the cloth. For example, if the length is 1500 meters for one fabric, the ideal exhaustion treatment time is 60 minutes, and if the other conditions are the same for a 3000 meter length fabric, the ideal exhaustion treatment time is 100 minutes. When referring to exhaustion treatment time in this context, it is meant to correspond to exhaustion treatment time used when operating on a standard cross-reel dyeing machine (e.g. model Y1100 manufactured by Yamuda) at a standard cloth travelling speed (e.g. 50 m/min) for a cloth of 1500 m length and a weight of 200 g/m. For any given cloth and exhaustion dyeing machine, the skilled person, using well-known general knowledge, is able to determine the required exhaustion treatment time, which corresponds to the exhaustion treatment time defined for the above parameters.
The breaking strength may be measured by any suitable technique and is preferably measured according to ASTM standard D5035-11 (if the cloth is a cloth) or according to ASTM standard D2256/D2256M-10E 1 (if the cloth is a yarn).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the exhaustion process uses a dye dip having a temperature of at least 45 ℃, especially at least 50 ℃, preferably at least 60 ℃, more preferably at least 70 ℃, even more preferably at least 75 ℃ and most preferably at least about 80 ℃. It will be appreciated that the temperature of the exhaust liquor during the
Preferably, the exhaustion treatment time is set to at least 45 minutes, preferably at least 50 minutes, more preferably at least 55 minutes, and most preferably at least about 60 minutes. It can be understood that the exhaustion process requires a sufficiently long processing time. It is preferred to set the exhaustion treatment time to at most 120 minutes, in particular at most 90 minutes, preferably at most 80 minutes, more preferably at most 75 minutes, even more preferably at most 70 minutes, even more preferably at most 65 minutes, and most preferably at most about 60 minutes. It can be understood that the exhaustion process needs to be short enough. A preferred exhaustion treatment time of about 60 minutes may provide particularly advantageous results, as will be further explained below.
The inventors have found that the preferred temperature of the exhaust liquor and the preferred exhaust process treatment time during the exhaust process are substantially independent of the weight and type of cloth and of the type of antimicrobial agent in the exhaust liquor. This is because the ideal exhaustion process treatment parameters are generally determined by the behavior of the fabric, especially the multifilament yarns and the fabric. After a cloth is treated at 80 ℃ for 60 minutes, it will expand and open, exposing individual fibers, allowing the agent to reach even the most remote corners and allowing an even distribution of the agent. Thus, even with different cloths, it is easy to process them by
It is preferred to stir the dye dip at all times during the
Thus, after the
The
The drying temperature of the cloth is preferably at most 190 ℃, more preferably at most 180 ℃, especially at most 170 ℃. The drying of the cloth may be carried out at a temperature of even more preferably at most 150 ℃. The temperature is more preferably at most 140 ℃, especially at most 130 ℃ and most preferably at most about 120 ℃.
If the cloth is a cloth, the drying time is preferably at least 30 seconds, more preferably at least 40 seconds, more preferably at least 50 seconds, and most preferably at least about 60 seconds, per square meter per 100 grams of cloth at the aforementioned temperature. Further preferred is the condition that if the cloth is a cloth, the drying time is a period lasting at most 120 seconds, more preferably at most 90 seconds, even more preferably at most 75 seconds, most preferably at most about 60 seconds, per 100 grams per square meter of cloth. It will be appreciated that the drying time increases as the weight of the cloth (weight per square meter) increases. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that similar drying times may be used if the cloth is a yarn, and that the appropriate length of drying time may be determined based on the diameter of the yarn.
The drying
Please still refer to fig. 1. If the treatment cycle is not followed by further treatment cycles, the drying
Conversely, if further cycles of biocide application treatment or liquor application treatment are used, a
After this
Any suitable technique may be used to perform the
The pad-process treatment is carried out in a pad-mill at a pressure preferably comprised between 0.5 and 4 bar, more preferably between 1.0 and 3.0 bar, even more preferably at a pressure of between 1.0 and 3.0 barBetween bar, most preferably about 2 bar, the so-called pick-up (or pick-up) means the amount of padding liquor applied and is defined as the weight percentage relative to the dry untreated fabric, as follows:% pick-up × 100 weight applied per weight of dry untreated fabric, for example, 65% pick-up means 650 grams of padding liquor are applied over 1 kilogram of fabricThe extraction rate is preferably at most 90%, more preferably at most 80%, even more preferably at most 75%, particularly at most 70%, and most preferably at most about 65%. However, since the cloth is already saturated with chemical agent to some extent after the first treatment cycle, it is known that the effective pick-up rate for the antimicrobial agent is in fact only about 40%. In the above sense, the remaining portion of the antimicrobial agent, even if impregnated onto the cloth, is not permanently affixed to the cloth and is washed away in a
The
Following the heat treatment step of the
The curing temperature is preferably sufficiently high and the curing time is preferably sufficiently long so that the antimicrobial agent or agents in the padding liquor that is sucked or padded onto the cloth can be sufficiently strongly fixed or bonded to the cloth. The curing temperature and time are preferably set so that the antimicrobial agent can bind to the fabric and optionally polymerize to become an integral part of the fabric and provide the fabric with the desired antimicrobial properties and non-leaching properties. Depending on the reagents and chemicals used, the antimicrobial agent also undergoes a crosslinking reaction during the curing step. As a result of the curing treatment, the resulting cloth exhibits the advantage that it can withstand multiple washings without losing its antimicrobial properties. If the cloth is a cloth, the curing time depends on the weight of the cloth (per square meter). However, the inventors have found that the preferred curing temperature is substantially independent of the type of cloth, as will be described in more detail below. It is preferred that the temperature of the exhaust liquor during the exhaustion process is sufficiently high and the exhaustion process time sufficiently long and the temperature of the cure sufficiently high and the cure time sufficiently long that the fabric achieves the non-leaching advantage after washing and/or the antimicrobial advantage of the fabric, as will be described in more detail below. The resulting cloth can be washed with water, preferably in a water bath using warm to hot water for about one hour, to remove any residual chemicals. Preferably, the washing is carried out with water at a temperature in the range of 20 ℃ to 60 ℃ and preferably for a time of between 30 minutes and 90 minutes, more preferably in accordance with the washing treatment described below for the
It is preferred that the curing temperature is sufficiently low and the curing time is sufficiently short that the fabric does not discolor and/or yellow and/or its breaking strength does not significantly decrease, i.e. by an amount of not more than 15%, preferably not more than 10%, more preferably not more than 7% and most preferably not more than 5%. It is further preferred that the curing temperature is sufficiently low and the curing time is sufficiently short that the cloth does not melt and/or burn and/or yellow and/or that the color of the cloth does not substantially change (change color) as a result of the curing process. It is preferred that the temperature of the exhaust liquor and the treatment time and curing temperature of the exhaust process are set to values such that the advantageous properties described above are achieved during the exhaust process. In the most preferred embodiment, the exhaust process is carried out at a bath temperature of 80 ℃, an exhaust process time of 60 minutes and a maximum curing temperature of 180 ℃, which values are preferably independent of the type of fabric treated in the
Thus, the curing
If the cloth is a cloth, the curing
This curing
At the end of the program a
After performing the steps of completing the
It should be understood that one or more additional steps may be added between the various steps of
It should be understood that if the cloth is a yarn, it may be done using different machines. For example, the exhaustion process may be performed in a pressurized yarn dyeing machine, and the yarn may be then treated with a dehydrator to remove excess moisture. The drying and curing of the yarn may be performed in a Radio Frequency (RF) dryer and a curing machine. The residence time depends on the diameter of the yarn and the above-mentioned temperatures are still applicable.
Fig. 2 shows an exemplary structure of one
The
The cloth is generally conveyed via the
If all the chambers of the stenter shown in fig. 2 are used to perform the drying treatment, the preferred speed is 60 m/s for 100 grams of weight per square meter of cloth, 30 m/s for 200 grams of weight per square meter of cloth and 22 m/s for 280 grams of weight per square meter of cloth. Since each chamber is about 3 meters long, the residence time of 100 grams per square meter of fabric in each chamber is about 3 seconds, making the total residence time about 24 seconds. Such as 200 grams of fabric weight per square meter for a total dwell time of 48 seconds, such as 280 grams of fabric weight per square meter for a total dwell time of 72 seconds. It will be appreciated that this increase in dwell time is substantially linear with the increase in weight of the cloth.
If all the chambers of the
It should be understood that the stenter does not necessarily have to have 8 chambers, but may have any number of chambers. However, if the curing and drying of the cloth is done via a single step, the step of passing the cloth through the
In the above case, the total time of the drying treatment and the curing treatment is determined in accordance with the aforementioned parameters. The treatment may be carried out by subjecting the cloth to progressively higher temperatures, preferably through at least two intermediate steps, preferably through at least three intermediate steps, to achieve the preferred curing temperature. Thus, the fabric does not immediately enter the preferred curing temperature, but rather is subjected to a specific number of progressively higher temperatures. This is because the wet cloth should not immediately enter the curing temperature as high as 180 ℃ in order to avoid serious damage. The damage may occur because a temperature difference is generated between the surface of the cloth and the inside (e.g., yarn) of the cloth, which is heated after a considerable time is delayed, when the surface of the cloth is instantaneously heated. Therefore, a temperature gradient may be formed in the cloth, resulting in internal stress, which may deteriorate the cloth.
The above-described process of gradually increasing the temperature ("ramp up") may start with a temperature of at least 100 ℃, preferably at least 110 ℃, more preferably at least 115 ℃, and most preferably at least about 120 ℃. Preferably the ramp-up starting temperature is set to at most 140 ℃, preferably at most 130 ℃, more preferably at most 125 ℃ and most preferably at most about 120 ℃. The rising ramp may have to last for a period of time, if the cloth is a cloth, preferably the rising ramp duration is at least 15 seconds, more preferably at least 18 seconds, more preferably at least 20 seconds, most preferably at least about 22 seconds for 100 grams of cloth weight per square meter. Furthermore, if the cloth is a cloth, the duration of the rising ramp is preferably at most 30 seconds, more preferably at most 27 seconds, more preferably at most 25 seconds, and most preferably at most about 23 seconds for 100 grams of cloth per square meter of weight. As above, if the cloth material is a different material than the cloth, such as yarn, the skilled person can select appropriate parameters.
It is preferred that the drying of the cloth is carried out at least partially, and preferably entirely, during the period of the gradually increasing temperature. Referring to
In the following description, the performance characteristics of the test material obtained according to the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the test results. For both exemplary fabric types used, the following dip composition is chosen as will be explained below, which dip composition will be used in the exhaustion process treatment cycle, if applicable, and will also be used in the second treatment cycle:
for 100% cotton (i.e. example a):
For 65% polyester/35% cotton (i.e., example B):
0.35% of polyhexamethylene biguanide, 0.15% of silver, 0.8% of organosilane (dimethyloctadecyl [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl ] ammonium chloride) and 0.15% of propiconazole, which are all relative to the weight of the cloth.
The composition is added to water. For specific details of the padding liquor and the respective compositions reference is made to the following description.
The cloths of the two examples were used, representing different compositions:
example A:
100% cotton cloth with a weight of 265 g/m and a width of 150 cm was selected. The resulting cloth can be used in water filtration applications such as those described below, for example, referred to in this specification as a "water filter cloth".
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