阅读说明：本技术 一种柔性导电抗菌纤维及其制备方法 (Flexible conductive antibacterial fiber and preparation method thereof ) 是由 刘春梅 于 2020-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种柔性导电抗菌纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤：(1)切片制备,选择聚酯原料,在双螺杆挤出机中进行熔融造粒,在造粒过程中加入发泡剂,得到纺丝原料切片；(2)纤维制备,之后使用步骤(1)得到的切片制备纺丝液,通过熔融纺丝得到初生纤维,经过牵伸,过水,得到表面及内部形成微型孔洞的合成纤维。(3)去油处理。(4)基材前处理；(5)真空溅射步骤,得到柔性导电抗菌纤维。所得到的柔性导电纤维可作为柔性电缆、医用防护纺织品、电磁屏蔽材料和日常抗菌材料。(The invention discloses a preparation method of flexible conductive antibacterial fiber, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing slices, namely selecting a polyester raw material, carrying out melt granulation in a double-screw extruder, and adding a foaming agent in the granulation process to obtain spinning raw material slices; (2) preparing fibers, preparing spinning solution by using the slices obtained in the step (1), obtaining nascent fibers through melt spinning, and obtaining synthetic fibers with micro holes formed on the surfaces and inside through drafting and rinsing. (3) And (6) deoiling treatment. (4) Pretreatment of a base material; (5) and (3) performing vacuum sputtering to obtain the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber. The obtained flexible conductive fiber can be used as a flexible cable, a medical protective textile, an electromagnetic shielding material and a daily antibacterial material.)

1. A preparation method of flexible conductive antibacterial fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of plating a metal film on the surface of a fiber substrate by using a vacuum sputtering method; the fiber base material is synthetic fiber, preferably one or more of terylene, chinlon, aramid fiber and spandex; the fiber base material is subjected to deoiling treatment.

2. The method for preparing a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base material is also subjected to pretreatment, and the pretreatment comprises a chemical pretreatment method and a physical pretreatment method.

3. The method for preparing a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the chemical pretreatment method comprises the steps of pretreating fibers by using concentrated alkali liquor, wherein the concentration of the alkali liquor is 20-200 g/L; the physical pretreatment method is plasma etching; the plasma treatment is carried out on the existing dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma machine, and the process conditions are as follows: low-temperature plasma treatment time: 0.5-5 min, gas temperature: 200 to 350K.

4. The method for preparing a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the substrate fiber is a fiber with a porous structure.

5. The method for preparing the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the fiber with the porous structure comprises the following steps of selecting raw materials for preparing synthetic fiber; then, carrying out melt granulation in a double-screw extruder, and adding a foaming agent in the granulation process to obtain spinning raw material slices; then, spinning solution is prepared by only using the slices obtained in the previous step, primary fibers are obtained through melt spinning, and synthetic fibers with micro holes formed on the surfaces and inside are obtained through drafting and rinsing.

6. The method for preparing a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the foaming agent is one or a combination of more of foaming agent AC (azodicarbonamide), foaming agent DPT (N, N-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine), foaming agent ABIN (azodiisobutyronitrile), foaming agent OBSH (4, 4-disulfonylhydrazide diphenyl ether) and foaming agent NTA (N, N-dimethyl-N, N-diterephthalamide); the amount of said blowing agent is 0.05-0.2% (wt).

7. The preparation method of the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising a vacuum sputtering step, wherein in the vacuum sputtering step of metallic silver, argon is excited as a gas, the sputtering silver plating time is 5min, and the working vacuum degree is 1.2 × 10^-2Pa; the metal of the target material sputtered in vacuum is metallic silver or metallic copper.

8. A method of preparing a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing slices, namely selecting a polyester raw material, carrying out melt granulation in a double-screw extruder, and adding a foaming agent in the granulation process to obtain spinning raw material slices;

(2) preparing fibers, namely preparing a spinning solution by using the slices obtained in the step (1), obtaining nascent fibers through melt spinning, and obtaining synthetic fibers with micro holes formed on the surfaces and inside through drafting and rinsing;

(3) deoiling, namely, passing the fiber obtained in the step (2) through a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the dosage of the sodium hydroxide is 60 g/L;

(4) substrate pretreatment, plasma treatment time: 0.5-5 min, gas temperature: 200-350K;

(5) a step of vacuum sputtering, during which, argon is used as the exciting gas, the running speed of the base material is 0.5-2 m/min, and the working vacuum degree is 1.2 × 10^-2Pa. The metal of the target material sputtered in vacuum is metallic silver, and the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber is obtained.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of textile materials, in particular to a flexible conductive antibacterial fiber and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The living ability of bacteria is very strong, and the bacteria are ubiquitous in life, but the living things can also have great influence on human health, and some bacteria can easily cause infection of human bodies. The skin is the largest barrier of our body against these viruses and bacteria, but if the skin is in trouble, we are easily infested with bacteria and viruses.

The textile is used as a material which is contacted by people in daily life, and can effectively prevent the invasion of viruses, bacteria and dirt to the skin barrier of human bodies. However, the earlier textile materials have little functionalization introduced, and therefore the isolation of viruses and bacteria is mainly achieved by physical isolation, which has a disadvantage that although it is difficult to touch our skin for the first time, such textile fabrics are also difficult to inactivate bacteria or viruses, and thus such textiles are easily a secondary source of pollution and are very harmful to human health. After finding that the non-functionalized textile fabric has secondary pollution, antibacterial functional finishing is carried out on the textile fabric, and the antibacterial functional finishing comprises loading an antibacterial agent to the fiber in a post-finishing mode to enable the fiber to have antibacterial performance. Compared with two antibacterial methods for imparting fibers, the method for post-treating is relatively simple to operate, but the fixation fastness of the antibacterial agent is poor, and the durability cannot be ensured, while the antibacterial agent is added in the spinning process, although the antibacterial durability can be improved, the method mainly aims at synthetic fibers, has high requirements on spinning, and is relatively complex to operate.

For the metal sputtering process, the electrons collide with argon atoms in the process of flying to the substrate under the action of an electric field E, so that the argon atoms are ionized to generate Ar positive ions and new electrons; new electrons fly to the substrate, Ar ions are accelerated to fly to the cathode target under the action of an electric field, and bombard the surface of the target at high energy, so that the target is sputtered. In the sputtered particles, neutral target atoms or molecules are deposited on the substrate to form a thin film. In the prior art, a metal sputtering process is utilized to sputter metal atoms onto a fabric substrate, and the metal film sputtered on the surface of the fabric or fiber can effectively endow the fabric with positive charge capability, so that the fabric is endowed with excellent and durable antibacterial property. In addition, for the base material after magnetic sputtering, because the base layer exists in the form of a metal thin film, the resistivity of the base layer is sharply reduced, the base layer has excellent conductivity, and the application field of the fiber is expanded.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a synthetic fiber with uniform plating layer, no impurity, good adhesion, low cost, good antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties and excellent conductivity and a preparation method thereof.

The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: and plating a metal film on the surface of the fiber base material by using a vacuum sputtering method.

Further, a fiber base material is properly selected, wherein the fiber base material is a synthetic fiber, and preferably one or more of terylene, chinlon, aramid fiber and spandex.

Further, the fiber base material is subjected to deoiling treatment.

Synthetic fiber is in the spinning in-process, because synthetic fiber's conductivity and hygroscopicity are less, because the friction between the fibre produces static easily in high-speed spinning in-process, the static that produces can bring certain influence to the spinning process, because, in order to solve this problem, we can carry out the step of oiling to the fibre in the spinning process, but in carrying out the vacuum sputtering in-process, the partial grease that exists on the fibre top layer exists between metal film and the fibre of sputtering, and then make the adhesive force of metal film on the fibre substrate, therefore, we can carry out the preliminary treatment to the substrate before carrying out the vacuum sputtering to the substrate, make there be not impurity on the fibre surface.

Furthermore, the base material is also subjected to pretreatment, and the pretreatment mainly changes the surface shape of the fiber to roughen the surface of the fiber.

Furthermore, the pretreatment comprises a chemical pretreatment method and a physical pretreatment method.

Specifically, the chemical pretreatment method comprises the step of pretreating fibers by using concentrated alkali liquor, wherein the concentration of the alkali liquor is 20-200 g/L.

Specifically, the physical pretreatment method is plasma etching.

Specifically, the plasma treatment is carried out on the existing dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma machine, and the process conditions are as follows: low-temperature plasma treatment time: 0.5-5 min, gas temperature: 200 to 350K.

For the selection of the fiber, compared with the natural fiber, the mechanical property of the synthetic fiber is obviously superior to that of the natural fiber, the cost of the vacuum sputtering metal coating fiber is high, and the use field is high, so that the selection of the synthetic fiber with more excellent mechanical property is generally required, in addition, the structure of the natural fiber is not easy to control, the problem of uneven thickness exists, the obtained coating is uneven when the vacuum sputtering coating is carried out, and the finally obtained product has large performance difference, so the base material aimed by the invention is the synthetic fiber.

For synthetic fiber, mainly polymer raw material is obtained by melt spinning, spinning solution passes through a spinneret plate, so that the obtained fiber has smooth surface and uniform specification, but the smooth surface is not favorable for stable adhesion of a metal coating sputtered in vacuum, therefore, the invention provides a concept of etching the fiber surface, and mainly uses a physical and/or chemical method to change the surface of the fiber, so that the surface is rough, and the adhesion of the coating is favorable, for example, the fiber polymer can be hydrolyzed by using concentrated alkali liquor, so that the etching effect is achieved, and the plasma technology mainly uses ion bombardment to change the surface structure of the fiber.

Further, the base material fiber is a fiber having a porous structure.

Specifically, raw materials for preparing synthetic fibers are selected; then, carrying out melt granulation in a double-screw extruder, and adding a foaming agent in the granulation process to obtain spinning raw material slices; then, spinning solution is prepared by only using the slices obtained in the previous step, primary fibers are obtained through melt spinning, and synthetic fibers with micro holes formed on the surfaces and inside are obtained through drafting and rinsing.

Further, the foaming agent is one or more of foaming agent AC (azodicarbonamide), foaming agent DPT (N, N-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine), foaming agent ABIN (azodiisobutyronitrile), foaming agent OBSH (4, 4-disulfonylhydrazonodiphenyl ether), foaming agent NTA (N, N-dimethyl-N, N-diterephthalamide).

Preferably a blowing agent DPT.

The amount of said blowing agent is 0.05-0.2% (wt).

The other concept of the invention is that the foaming agent is added into the spinning solution, and the performance of the foaming agent is utilized to ensure that the surface of the prepared fiber has a microporous structure, and the microporous structure provides more anchor points for atoms of sputtered metal, so that the obtained sputtered metal film has better fastness with a base material, and the conductivity of the base material can be obviously improved. Compared with the traditional fiber, the porous fiber has more microporous structures, and metal atoms can enter the fiber during vacuum sputtering, not only stay on the surface of the fiber, and further enable the fiber to have more excellent conductive performance.

Further, the fibrous base material is subjected to a vacuum sputtering step.

In the step of vacuum sputtering the metallic silver, the gas is activated to be argon, the sputtering silver plating time is 5min, and the working vacuum degree is 1.2 × 10^-2Pa。

The metal of the target material sputtered in vacuum is metallic silver or metallic copper.

Specifically, the invention provides a preparation method of flexible conductive antibacterial fiber, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing slices, namely selecting a polyester raw material, carrying out melt granulation in a double-screw extruder, and adding a foaming agent in the granulation process to obtain spinning raw material slices;

(2) preparing fibers, preparing spinning solution by using the slices obtained in the step (1), obtaining nascent fibers through melt spinning, and obtaining synthetic fibers with micro holes formed on the surfaces and inside through drafting and rinsing.

(3) And (3) deoiling, and treating the fiber obtained in the step (2) by using a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the dosage of the sodium hydroxide is 60 g/L.

(4) Substrate pretreatment, plasma treatment time: 0.5-5 min, gas temperature: 200 to 350K.

(5) A step of vacuum sputtering, during which, argon is used as the exciting gas, the running speed of the base material is 0.5-2 m/min, and the working vacuum degree is 1.2 × 10^-2Pa. The metal of the target material sputtered in vacuum is metallic silver, and the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber is obtained

Wherein, one of the step (4) and the step (5) can be selected to be carried out.

In addition, the invention provides the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber prepared by using the method.

The flexible conductive antibacterial fiber provided by the invention has the advantages that the antibacterial property is mainly due to the fact that the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber contains silver simple substances, the metal substances have excellent antibacterial property and durable antibacterial property, the silver simple substances are better fixed by the base material through sputtering on the surface of the porous base material, the washing effect is obviously improved, and the main reason is that the anchor points are more due to the existence of the porous structure when the metal is sputtered, and compared with the smooth synthetic fiber, the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber can effectively avoid large-area peeling of the silver simple substances during use or washing.

Furthermore, the invention also provides a textile prepared by using the flexible conductive antibacterial fiber.

The vacuum sputtering plating metal fiber prepared by the invention has good electric conduction, heat conduction and electromagnetic shielding performance, and also has the functions of antibiosis and bacteriostasis, and the substrate fiber is a porous fiber, so the vacuum sputtering can ensure that the fiber has excellent electric conduction and resistance performance and excellent washability, and can be widely used in the fields of medical sanitation, electrical communication and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cut-away view of a fiber prepared in step 2 and treated in step 3 in example 1;

FIG. 2 appearance of fiber from example 1 after step 2 preparation and step 3 treatment;

FIG. 3 appearance of the fiber of example 1 after vacuum sputtering of step 4;

FIG. 4 is a high magnification image of the fiber of example 1 after vacuum sputtering in step 4;

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.