Pulverized coal ignition device for power station boiler and kiln
阅读说明：本技术 一种用于电站锅炉、窑炉的煤粉点火设备 (Pulverized coal ignition device for power station boiler and kiln ) 是由 李心鹏 李中铭 于 2020-07-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于电站锅炉、窑炉的煤粉点火设备,包括有火焰均流罩、拉法尔喷管、第一点火装置和第二点火装置,所述第一点火装置和第二点火装置均为圆管状结构,本发明还包括有加热层、空气冷却层和水冷层,本发明还包括电火花发生电极,所述电火花发生电极设置在所述圆管状结构的出管口处。本发明能避免出现在点火初期产生爆燃的现象,提高煤粉的气化率。(The invention relates to pulverized coal ignition equipment for a power station boiler and a kiln, which comprises a flame flow equalizing cover, a Laval nozzle, a first ignition device and a second ignition device, wherein the first ignition device and the second ignition device are both in a circular tubular structure. The invention can avoid the phenomenon of deflagration in the initial stage of ignition and improve the gasification rate of the pulverized coal.)
1. A pulverized coal ignition device for a power station boiler and a kiln is characterized by comprising a flame flow equalizing cover, a Laval nozzle, a first ignition device and a second ignition device, wherein the first ignition device and the second ignition device are both in a circular tube structure, an inlet pipe orifice of the first ignition device is communicated with an outlet pipe orifice of the second ignition device, an inlet pipe orifice of the second ignition device is sealed, an outlet pipe orifice of the first ignition device is communicated with the Laval nozzle, and the flame flow equalizing cover is arranged on the nozzle orifice of the Laval nozzle;
the pulverized coal ignition device also comprises a heating layer, an air cooling layer and a water cooling layer, wherein the heating layer, the air cooling layer and the water cooling layer are sequentially arranged on the pipe wall of the circular tubular structure from inside to outside, and the outlet of the air cooling layer is communicated with the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure;
the coal powder ignition equipment also comprises an electric spark generating electrode which is arranged at the outlet pipe opening of the circular tubular structure;
two pulverized coal mixing nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the rear end of the circular tubular structure, and the spraying direction of the pulverized coal mixing nozzles is tangent to the circular section of the inner wall of the circular tubular structure;
and the second ignition device is provided with an air inlet channel, and the air inlet channel is communicated with the inside of the pipe of the second ignition device.
2. The pulverized coal ignition device for utility boilers and kilns as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said heating layer comprises a heat-resistant ceramic cylinder and a spiral electric heating tube, said heat-resistant ceramic cylinder is of an inner and outer double-layer structure, the cylinder wall of said heat-resistant ceramic cylinder of said inner and outer double-layer structure forms a heating cavity, said spiral electric heating tube is disposed in said heating cavity.
3. The pulverized coal ignition device for utility boilers and kilns as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said water-cooled layer comprises a heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder, said heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder is sleeved on said heat-resistant ceramic cylinder, a gap between said heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder and said heat-resistant ceramic cylinder forms an air intake chamber, said air intake chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, said air inlet is adjacent to the inlet pipe orifice of said circular tubular structure, said air outlet is adjacent to the outlet pipe orifice of said circular tubular structure, and said air-cooled layer is said air intake chamber.
4. The pulverized coal ignition device for utility boilers and kilns as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the wall of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder is provided with a water cooling chamber, the top end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder is provided with a water inlet, the bottom end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder is provided with a water outlet, and the water cooling chamber is communicated with the water inlet and the water outlet.
5. The pulverized coal ignition equipment for utility boilers and kilns as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said pulverized coal ignition equipment further comprises a control module and a signal acquisition module, the acquisition end of said control module is connected with the data end of said signal acquisition module, said control module can be DDC controller or PLC controller.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ignition equipment, in particular to pulverized coal ignition equipment for power station boilers and kilns.
Background
The newly-built large-scale power generation boiler needs coal dust plasma ignition at the initial operation stage, and the coal dust plasma ignition is also needed when the boiler is restarted after being overhauled and stopped.
The existing coal dust plasma ignition equipment saves diesel oil and reduces the operation cost; however, the system is complicated and the cathode of the plasma equipment needs to be replaced to complete the ignition process.
Moreover, deflagration can be generated at the initial stage of ignition of the coal powder plasma equipment, and smoke dust entering a hearth contains combustible gas which is not completely combusted and coal powder which is not completely gasified; has the defects of low utilization rate of coal dust and the like.
Through retrieval, the patent number is CN201220120518.5, which discloses a rotary kiln coal dust plasma ignition device with a rotational flow and flow equalizing function; the device consists of a connecting flange, an outer pipe of a flow equalizer, a plasma arc generator, a plasma arc radiation area and a plasma thermal cracking reaction burner, wherein 8-16 coal powder rotational flow equalizing blades are uniformly and additionally arranged on a coal powder feeding section of the plasma thermal cracking reaction burner;
however, the device has a simple and crude structure, and has no device for lengthening the flame ejection distance, so that the flame ejection distance is limited;
meanwhile, the device is not provided with a heating device, the pulverized coal in the device is directly ignited without being heated first, the pulverized coal cannot be fully gasified and combusted, and the dust is easily accumulated in the device.
In addition, patent No. 200910014106.6 was also retrieved, which discloses an arc plasma generator and an anode thereof, wherein the plasma generator is a multi-stage air-intake type arc plasma generator, the plasma generator comprises a cathode and an anode, the anode comprises at least two parts, and the anode is characterized in that any two adjacent anode parts are electrically connected.
However, the arc plasma generator has a complex structure, the cathode of the plasma arc generator needs to be stopped and replaced during operation, the gasification rate of the pulverized coal is low at the initial stage of cold ignition, incompletely combusted coal gas can not be easily adjusted, deflagration can easily occur, and potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a pulverized coal ignition device for a power station boiler and a kiln, which can prevent the occurrence of deflagration at the initial stage of ignition and improve the gasification rate of pulverized coal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal ignition device for utility boilers, kilns, which also reduces the deposition of ash within said tubular structure.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal ignition device for utility boilers and kilns which makes the flame injected into the furnace chamber more uniform, the flame injection distance longer, and the combustion efficiency high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pulverized coal ignition device for a power station boiler and a kiln is characterized by comprising a flame flow equalizing cover, a Laval nozzle, a first ignition device and a second ignition device, wherein the first ignition device and the second ignition device are both in a circular tube structure, an inlet pipe orifice of the first ignition device is communicated with an outlet pipe orifice of the second ignition device, an inlet pipe orifice of the second ignition device is sealed, an outlet pipe orifice of the first ignition device is communicated with the Laval nozzle, and the flame flow equalizing cover is arranged on the nozzle orifice of the Laval nozzle;
the pulverized coal ignition device also comprises a heating layer, an air cooling layer and a water cooling layer, wherein the heating layer, the air cooling layer and the water cooling layer are sequentially arranged on the pipe wall of the circular tubular structure from inside to outside, and the outlet of the air cooling layer is communicated with the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure;
the coal powder ignition equipment also comprises an electric spark generating electrode which is arranged at the outlet pipe opening of the circular tubular structure;
two pulverized coal mixing nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the rear end of the circular tubular structure, and the spraying direction of the pulverized coal mixing nozzles is tangent to the circular section of the inner wall of the circular tubular structure;
and the second ignition device is provided with an air inlet channel, and the air inlet channel is communicated with the inside of the pipe of the second ignition device.
Further, the zone of heating includes heat-resisting ceramic drum and spiral electric heating pipe, heat-resisting ceramic drum is inside and outside bilayer structure, inside and outside bilayer structure's heat-resisting ceramic drum cylinder wall forms the heating cavity, spiral electric heating pipe sets up in the heating cavity.
Further, the water-cooling layer includes heat-resisting stainless steel drum, heat-resisting stainless steel drum cover is established on the heat-resisting ceramic drum, heat-resisting stainless steel drum with space between the heat-resisting ceramic drum forms the chamber of admitting air, the chamber of admitting air is equipped with air intake and air outlet, the air intake with the mouth of pipe is adjacent in the pipe of pipe tubular structure, the air outlet with the mouth of pipe tubular structure is adjacent, the air cooling layer does the chamber of admitting air.
Further, a water cooling cavity is arranged on the wall of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder, a water inlet is formed in the top end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder, a water outlet is formed in the bottom end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder, and the water cooling cavity is communicated with the water inlet and the water outlet.
Further, the pulverized coal ignition equipment further comprises a control module and a signal acquisition module, wherein the acquisition end of the control module is connected with the data end of the signal acquisition module, and the control module can be a DDC (direct digital control) controller or a PLC (programmable logic controller).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the coal dust mixing device is provided with a heating layer, two coal dust mixing nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the rear end of a circular tubular structure, and the spraying direction of the coal dust mixing nozzles is tangent to the circular section of the inner wall of the circular tubular structure; the pulverized coal is enabled to move forwards in a spiral manner, so that the pulverized coal is closer to the high-temperature pipe wall, meanwhile, the time of the pulverized coal in the pipe is increased, the pulverized coal absorbs heat and is gasified at an accelerated speed, and finally, the pulverized coal is fully gasified to form coal gas and ash;
the pulverized coal ignition device further comprises an air cooling layer, the outlet of the air cooling layer is communicated with the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure, hot air output by the air cooling layer meets coal gas moving to the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure, the hot air is combusted under the ignition of the electric spark generating electrode, the proportion of the hot air to the coal gas can be adjusted to the most appropriate proportion, the coal gas is completely combusted, and the phenomenon that detonation is generated at the initial ignition stage can be effectively avoided.
And the spiral forward movement of the gas and ash can also reduce the deposition of ash in the circular tubular structure.
The flame nozzle of the invention adopts the Laval nozzle, and because of the action of the Laval nozzle, the speed of the flame flowing through the nozzle is accelerated, so that the sprayed flame is farther, and the rocket nozzle adopts the principle; meanwhile, the invention is also provided with a flame flow equalizing cover, and the flame compressed and sprayed out by the Laval nozzle also passes through the flame flow equalizing cover and then is sprayed into the hearth, so that the flame sprayed into the hearth is more uniform, and the combustion efficiency is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the first ignition device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second ignition device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the present invention in the direction of a-a or a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the present invention in the direction of B-B or B-B of fig. 1.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. a first ignition device; 2. a second ignition device; 3. a Laval nozzle; 4. a flame flow equalizing cover; 5. an electric spark generating electrode; 6. a thermocouple; 7. a flame monitor; 8. an air outlet; 9. a heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder; 10. an air cooling layer; 11. a heat-resistant ceramic cylinder; 12. a water inlet; 13. an air inlet; 14. a spiral electric heating pipe; 16. a water outlet; 17. a pulverized coal mixing nozzle; 18. an air intake passage; 19. pinhole camera.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention relates to a pulverized coal ignition device for a power station boiler and a kiln, which is characterized in that the pulverized coal ignition device comprises a flame flow equalizing cover 4, a laval nozzle 3, a first ignition device 1 and a second ignition device 2, wherein the first ignition device 1 and the second ignition device 2 are both in a circular tubular structure, an inlet of the first ignition device 1 is communicated with an outlet of the second ignition device 2, an inlet of the second ignition device 2 is sealed, an outlet of the first ignition device 1 is communicated with the laval nozzle 3, and the flame flow equalizing cover 4 is arranged on the nozzle of the laval nozzle 3;
the pulverized coal ignition device further comprises a heating layer, an air cooling layer 10 and a water cooling layer, wherein the heating layer, the air cooling layer 10 and the water cooling layer are sequentially arranged on the pipe wall of the circular tubular structure from inside to outside, and the outlet of the air cooling layer 10 is communicated with the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure;
the pulverized coal ignition equipment further comprises an electric spark generating electrode 5 and a high-frequency high-voltage spark generator, wherein the electric spark generating electrode 5 is arranged at the outlet pipe opening of the circular tubular structure, and the electric spark generating electrode 5 is electrically connected with the high-frequency high-voltage spark generator;
two pulverized coal mixing nozzles 17 are symmetrically arranged at the rear end of the circular tubular structure, and the spraying direction of the pulverized coal mixing nozzles 17 is tangent to the circular section of the inner wall of the circular tubular structure; the purpose of the limitation is that when the mixture of coal powder, air and the like enters the pipe at a certain speed, the movement of the mixture rotates along the inner wall due to the action of centrifugal force, and when the pressure in the pipe is high, the mixture moves towards the nozzle;
an air inlet channel 18 is arranged on the second ignition device 2, and the air inlet channel 18 is communicated with the inside of the tube of the second ignition device 2.
The working principle is as follows:
the spraying direction of the pulverized coal mixing nozzle 17 is tangent to the circular section of the inner wall of the circular tubular structure; the coal powder is enabled to move forwards in a spiral way, so that the coal powder is closer to the pipe wall with high temperature (the temperature in the pipe is controlled at 800 ℃), meanwhile, the time of the coal powder in the pipe is increased, the coal powder absorbs heat and is gasified at an accelerated speed, and finally, the coal powder is fully gasified to form coal gas and ash;
because the proportion of the mixed air of the pulverized coal entering the pipe does not reach the explosion limit, the pulverized coal is not exploded, does not ignite in a large amount, but gasifies;
the hot air output by the air cooling layer meets the coal gas moving to the pipe orifice of the circular tubular structure and is combusted under the ignition of the electric spark generating electrode to form high-temperature flame, the flame is compressed by the Laval nozzle 3, so that the spraying distance of the flame is longer, and the high-temperature flame is sprayed into a boiler hearth or a kiln hearth, thereby finishing the ignition of the boiler and the kiln; the input quantity of air and the input quantity of coal powder can be adjusted, so that the mixture of air and coal gas does not reach the explosion limit, and the phenomenon of deflagration at the initial ignition stage can be effectively avoided;
before the coal powder ignition device is used, coal is firstly crushed, the size of coal powder particles is below 160 meshes (the particle size is less than 90 micrometers), the coal powder is dried and then mixed with air according to a certain proportion, and the mixture is conveyed into the circular tubular structure through conveying equipment; wherein, the conveying equipment and the equipment for crushing the coal are the front-stage equipment of the invention, which is irrelevant to the application, and therefore the details are not repeated;
it is emphasized that the second ignition device 2 of the present invention is mainly used to increase the temperature and open fire at the pulverized coal mixing nozzle 17 of the first ignition device 1, so that the sprayed pulverized coal can be completely gasified; the second ignition device 2 of the invention can be replaced by a plasma flame generator to form another low-power plasma pulverized coal ignition device.
In this embodiment, the heating layer includes a heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11 and a spiral electric heating pipe 14, the heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11 has an inner-outer double-layer structure, a heating cavity is formed on the wall of the heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11 having the inner-outer double-layer structure, and the spiral electric heating pipe 14 is arranged in the heating cavity;
in the above scheme, the heat-resistant ceramic is used as the cylinder wall, so that the heat conductivity is good and the durability is realized, and the spiral electric heating pipe 14 is used for conveniently controlling the temperature.
In this embodiment, the water-cooling layer includes a heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9, the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9 is sleeved on the heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11, a gap between the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9 and the heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11 forms an air inlet cavity, the air inlet cavity is provided with an air inlet 13 and an
in the above scheme, the air cooling layer 10 is a heat insulating layer for blocking heat in the heat-resistant ceramic cylinder 11 from transferring outwards; meanwhile, outside air enters the pipe outlet of the circular tubular structure through the air inlet 13, the air cooling layer 10 and the
In this embodiment, a water cooling cavity is arranged on the wall of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9, a water inlet 12 is arranged at the top end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9, a water outlet 16 is arranged at the bottom end of the heat-resistant stainless steel cylinder 9, and the water cooling cavity is communicated with the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 16;
in the scheme, the water cooling cavity is filled with water, so that the effects of protection and heat insulation are achieved.
In this embodiment, the pulverized coal ignition device further includes a control module and a signal acquisition module, an acquisition end of the control module is connected with a data end of the signal acquisition module, and the control module may be a DDC controller or a PLC controller; DDC controllers and PLC controllers are prior art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the above scheme, the control module is used for acquiring various signals of the signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition module comprises a hearth temperature sensor, a water flow sensor, a cooling water pressure sensor, a cooling water temperature sensor, a flame monitor 7 and a thermocouple 6, the control module sends the acquired signals to the system controller, and the system controller controls the actuator after operation to form closed-loop system control, so that normal operation of equipment is ensured. The closed loop system control is implemented by software, but the software is a conventional technical means which can be obtained from the prior art by those skilled in the art, and the invention is creatively contributed by the structural characteristics, and the implementation of the software has no influence on the structural characteristics, so the description is not provided here.
In this embodiment, a pinhole camera 19 is disposed at the end of the second ignition device 2, and the pinhole camera 19 is connected to the control module; the pinhole camera 19 is provided to monitor the entire operation of the product.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not restrictive, and various changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.
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