Drum mining loader and mining drum of drum mining loader
阅读说明：本技术 滚筒式采矿装载机以及滚筒式采矿装载机的采矿滚筒 (Drum mining loader and mining drum of drum mining loader ) 是由 弗尔克尔·夸斯特 塞普·拉尚迈尔 法尔克·劳贝 安德烈·马尔契奇 约尔格·雷克滕瓦尔德 于 2019-02-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：在矿业中用于获取矿物材料的滚筒式采矿装载机中,所述滚筒式采矿装载机具有至少一个采矿滚筒(1),所述采矿滚筒可转动地支承在可枢转的支臂(2)上,所述采矿滚筒由在支臂头部(3)的区域中设置在支臂(2)的相同端部上的驱动马达(4)驱动,如果所述同步马达(4)实施为永磁激励的同步电机,所述同步电机在所述采矿滚筒(1)运行期间提供用于使所述采矿滚筒(1)转动所需的总驱动功率,那么能够提供用于所有运行状态的紧凑的驱动单元。(In a drum mining loader for taking mineral material in the mining industry, having at least one mining drum (1) which is rotatably supported on a pivotable boom (2), the mining drum being driven by a drive motor (4) which is arranged on the same end of the boom (2) in the region of a boom head (3), a compact drive unit for all operating states can be provided if the synchronous motor (4) is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor which provides the total drive power required for rotating the mining drum (1) during operation of the mining drum (1).)
1. A drum mining loader for taking mineral material in the mining industry, having at least one mining drum (1) rotatably supported on a pivotable boom (2), which is driven by a drive motor (4) arranged on the same end of the boom (2) in the region of a boom head (3), characterized in that the drive motor (4) is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor which provides the total drive power required for rotating the mining drum (1) during operation of the mining drum (1).
2. Roller mining loader according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a frequency converter (5) for at least occasionally feeding the drive motor (4).
3. Roller mining loader according to claim 2, characterized in that the frequency converter (5) is configured to regulate the drive motor (4) based on a maximum torque and/or a minimum current demand as a command variable.
4. Roller mining loader according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the adjustment of the drive motor (4) is based on vector adjustment, in particular d-q adjustment.
5. Roller mining loader according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the starting torque can be provided at least at times by the drive motor (4) such that the ratio of starting torque to rated torque has a value of 3.0 to 6.0, which in turn applies:
the starting torque/setpoint torque is 3.0.
6. A drum mining loader according to any of the claims 1-5 characterized in that a transmission (6) with at least one transmission stage is provided between the drive motor and the mining drum (1).
7. A drum mining loader according to any of the claims 1-6 characterized in that the axis of rotation of the drive motor (4) is oriented coaxially with the axis of rotation of the mining drum (1) and/or the axis of rotation of a transmission mechanism (6) provided between the drive motor (4) and the mining drum (1).
8. Roller mining loader according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the total transmission ratio of the transmission (6) with at least one transmission stage has a value of 30 to 40.
9. Roller mining loader according to one of the claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the transmission (6) has at least one planetary transmission (8), preferably two planetary transmissions (8).
10. A drum mining loader according to any of the claims 1-9 characterized in that the transmission (6) between the drive motor and the mining drum (1) has a bevel gear transmission (7).
11. Roller mining loader according to claim 10, characterized in that the bevel gear transmission (7) has a transmission ratio of 1.1 to 5.0.
12. Roller mining loader according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the drive motor (4) is at least partially integrated into the boom (2).
13. Roller mining loader according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drive motor (4) has the water jacket cooling of the stator as the only cooling.
14. A drum mining loader according to claim 13 where the water jacket cooling of the stator is coupled to the cooling system of the mining drum (1) and/or operated by the same cooling liquid as the cooling system of the mining drum (1).
15. Roller mining loader according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the drive motor (4) implemented as a permanent magnet excited synchronous machine has a high reluctance component.
16. A mining drum (1) which is rotatably supported on an arm head (3) of a pivotable arm (2) of a drum mining loader for selective extraction of mineral, having a drive motor (4) which is likewise arranged on the arm head (3) of the pivotable arm (2) and is operatively connected to the mining drum via a mechanism for transmitting torque, characterized in that the drive motor (4) is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor which provides the total drive power required for turning the mining drum (1) during operation of the mining drum (1).
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a drum mining loader for taking mineral material, such as hard coal, salt or rock, having at least one mining or excavating drum rotatably supported on a pivotable arm, the mining or excavating drum being driven by a drive motor arranged on the same end of the arm. Furthermore, the invention relates to a mining drum of a drum mining loader, which mining drum has a drive unit.
Background
Drum mining loaders, sometimes also referred to as drum loaders, are used in deep mining for the excavation of minerals, especially hard coal or salt. In order to drive all the movements of the drum-type mining loader, at least one electric motor is used, which is usually integrated into the machine carriage. Also known are roller mining loaders in which a motor is provided in the boom. With this type of construction, a shorter construction length of the drum mining loader can be achieved.
Typically, the mining drum is located on the end of a boom that is movably secured to both ends of the transmission housing. In the boom, means for force transmission are present, in particular a gear cascade, by means of which forces are transmitted from the drive motor to the planetary gear, via which the forces are introduced into the mining drum.
A water-cooled three-phase motor having a power of up to 230kW is generally used as the drive motor. Wherein the propulsion of the machine usually has its own electric motor.
In the known drum mining loaders, the mining drums are each fixed at the end of a pivotable boom in the region of a so-called boom head and are operated by an asynchronous motor at a synchronous speed of 1500rpm at a grid frequency of 50Hz or at a synchronous speed of 1800rpm at a grid frequency of 60 Hz.
DE 3822875 a1 discloses a roller-type mining loader for deep mining, in which drive motors for the mining rollers are each fastened in an articulated manner to a boom head. The mining drum and the drive motor are arranged here on the same side of the outer arm section in the region of the arm head at mutually opposite ends and are connected to one another by a transmission element located in the interior of the arm section. Due to this arrangement, the drive motor is located in the space that is always chiseled by the advancing mining drum.
Furthermore, a roller-type mining loader is known from DE 3829225 a1, in which two drive motors arranged at a distance from one another are provided for driving the mining roller. One of the drive motors is located in the region of the boom head, is connected to the mining drum via a multi-stage planetary gear and is arranged centrally with respect to the mining drum axis. Since the drive motor has a drive power which is too low to drive the mining drum in different operating situations, a further drive motor is provided at the opposite end of the boom, which is connected to the mining drum via a gear and reduction gear. Typically, the mining drum of a drum mining loader is driven by means of two drive motors. In only a few operating situations, it is possible to operate the mining drum, which breaks the seam, only by means of a relatively weak drive motor arranged relative to the axis of the mining drum.
A problem with known technical solutions for providing drive power to a mining drum of a drum mining loader is that a relatively long path must typically be bridged to transfer the drive power from the drive motor to the mining drum. For this purpose, relatively complex and heavy and therefore lossy force transmission mechanisms, such as gear mechanisms, are required. Other technical solutions provide a plurality of drive units which, by means of a complicated arrangement for force transmission, transmit the drive power required for the respective different operating conditions to the mining drum. It is considered particularly problematic in this case that the known drive units provided in the region of the boom head are without exception unable to provide the power required for driving the mining drum.
Disclosure of Invention
Starting from the solutions known from the prior art for providing drive power for the mining drum of a drum-type mining loader and the problems described above, the present invention is based on the object of improving a drum-type mining loader such that a compact drive unit for the mining drum is provided, which drive unit provides the required drive power for all operating and application situations. It is very important here that the structural dimensions and the distance for transmitting the drive power from the drive motor to the mining drum are minimized and at the same time a reliable, failsafe operation of the drum-type mining loader can be achieved. Furthermore, the losses in the transmission of the force from the drive motor to the mining drum should be as small as possible, so that an efficient force transmission is achieved. Furthermore, the technical solution according to the invention should ensure simple maintenance and, if necessary, repair of the drive unit, in particular the number of required maintenance points and their spacing from one another should be as small as possible.
The above object is achieved by means of a drum mining loader according to claim 1 and a mining drum of a drum mining loader according to claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims and are set forth in the following description in part with reference to the drawings.
According to the invention, a drum mining loader for selective extraction of minerals, wherein the drum mining loader has at least one mining drum rotatably supported on a pivotable arm, which mining drum is driven by a drive motor arranged on the same end of the arm, has been developed in such a way that the drive motor is embodied as a permanent magnet-excited synchronous motor (PMSM) which provides the power required for rotating the mining drum during operation of the mining drum. By providing a permanently excited synchronous motor as the drive motor, which is arranged on the boom head at which the mining drum is also present, which is driven by the drive motor, a compact and powerful drive unit for a mining drum of a drum-type mining loader is provided, which drive unit is characterized by a relatively small structural size and nevertheless is able to provide the drive power required for rotating the mining drum in all operating situations. The drive motor is advantageously arranged in the region of the boom head such that the drive motor is located on opposite sides of the mining drum with respect to the boom and is at least approximately centrally oriented with respect to the axis of rotation of the mining drum. Preferably, a permanent-magnet excited synchronous machine is used, which has an output power of between 250kW and 2000kW, depending on the respective use case.
By arranging the drive unit for the mining drum with a permanently excited synchronous machine as drive motor in the region of the boom head, the distance required for the transmission of power from the drive motor to the transmission on the mining drum is relatively short. In particular, compared to the known technical systems, the gear train, which is usually very long and technically complex, is dispensed with. By arranging the moving parts of the drive system preferably in the boom head, the transmission of the rotary motion by the drive motor along the movable boom to the mining drum is in particular omitted. In the solution according to the invention, the loads acting on the arm, such as bending and/or torsion, are therefore not acting on the moving parts of the drive system in the head of the arm. This provides the further advantage of: the arm itself can be embodied as a structure with a relatively low rigidity.
In principle, it is conceivable to embody the drive motor as an integrated motor, wherein the motor housing is integrated completely or at least partially into the support arm, in particular into the support arm head. In an alternative embodiment, the drive motor, which is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous machine, is a separate component which is fastened to the boom head via a motor housing or a flange. Preferably, the diameter of the motor is adapted to the width of the boom in the area of the mining drum. In the most advantageous case, the diameter of the motor corresponds at most to the width of the boom, so that a particularly slim motor is achieved.
Furthermore, the use of a permanently excited synchronous motor (PMSM) as a drive motor arranged in the region of the boom head of the drum mining loader is particularly advantageous, since a relatively simple cooling system can be used. This is due to: no rotor cooling is required for the machine. Furthermore, there are no significant rotor losses in the permanently excited rotor.
A further advantage of using a permanently excited synchronous machine as a drive motor for the mining drum of a drum-type mining loader is that it generally has a significantly greater torque overload capacity than an asynchronous machine, so that a very high starting torque can be achieved with such a drive motor. Furthermore, the better power factor of a permanently excited synchronous machine compared to an asynchronous machine results in less current demand in the converter. Despite the arrangement of the drive motor in the region of the boom head and thus in the narrow installation space, it is nevertheless possible, owing to the high power density of the permanently excited synchronous motor, to provide a compact, powerful and efficient drive unit in this region of the drum-type mining loader, which drive unit is able to provide the required drive power at the mining drum for all operating situations and purposes of use.
In a special embodiment of the invention, the outer diameter of the drive motor in the region of the arm head is adapted to the diameter of the arm head. According to this particular embodiment, the diameter of the drive motor corresponds to the diameter of the boom head and thus to the diameter of the hub of the mining drum. In this embodiment, the motor diameter corresponds approximately to the length of the motor, so that an at least approximately cubic design of the motor housing is achieved.
According to a special development, a permanently excited synchronous machine with a power of 800kW is used as the drive motor in the region of the boom head in this case. Such an electric motor has a diameter of 800mm to 1000mm and a length of 600mm to 800 mm.
According to a further specific embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that a bevel gear transmission is provided between the drive motor and the mining drum, in particular between the drive motor and a single-stage or multi-stage planetary transmission, which is provided in the region of the hub of the mining drum and which assumes the function of a reduction gear. In this case, the motor longitudinal axis is curved relative to the axis of rotation of the mining drum, so that the motor longitudinal axis and the mining drum axis of rotation form an angle. The angle formed is preferably at least approximately 90 °.
In this arrangement of the drive motor relative to the mining drum, the drive motor is preferably embodied such that the diameter of the motor corresponds at least approximately to the width or depth of the boom in the region of the boom head. For this reason, the elongated motor is particularly well suited for designs with bevel gear drives. Furthermore, the torque, the rotational speed and the overall size of the drive motor and/or preferably the gear ratios and the overall size of the two planetary transmissions provided in the region of the mining drum can be adjusted in a particularly suitable manner as required on the basis of the gear ratios produced by the bevel gear transmission. According to a specific refinement, the drive motor provided in each case has a drive power of 800 kW. The diameter of the corresponding permanent-magnet excited synchronous motor is 500mm to 700mm, while the resulting motor length is 700mm to 1000 mm.
Irrespective of the embodiment and arrangement of the drive motor in the region of the boom head according to the invention, it is advantageous if at least one, preferably two planetary transmissions are provided between the drive motor, which is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous machine, and the mining drum. By means of the planetary transmission, the torque introduced via the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft to drive the mining drum. The present invention relates to a reduction gear, wherein the ratio of the rotational speed of the drive shaft to the rotational speed of the output shaft (gear ratio) is greater than 1. Therefore, the rotation speed is reduced from the driving speed to the output rotation speed.
A particular development of the invention provides that the permanently excited synchronous machine provided as a drive motor in the region of the boom head has a high reluctance component. A three-phase synchronous machine with a high reluctance component is characterized in that the torque is generated at least to a large extent by reluctance forces caused by the different magnetic permeability of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator along the circumference of the rotor, and not by lorentz forces, as is otherwise usual. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a synchronous reluctance motor with a rotor, which optionally has magnetic-isolating slots or distinct magnetic poles, is used as a drive motor for the mining drum of a drum-mining loader. In synchronous reluctance motors, torque is caused almost exclusively by reluctance forces, not by lorentz forces as in other synchronous machines. Here, the rotor also rotates synchronously with the rotating magnetic field of the power supply network. Preferably, a synchronous reluctance motor is used, which is embodied as a quadrupole.
In a further special embodiment of the invention, the drive motor, which is designed as a permanently excited synchronous machine, is fed at least at times by the frequency converter. The regulation of the permanently excited synchronous machine is preferably carried out in such a way that the drive motor is operated with maximum torque and minimum current requirement. Preferably, in this case, the adjustment is made on the basis of a vector adjustment by which: the frequency converter, via which the permanently excited synchronous machine is fed, has an extended rotational speed and positioning accuracy compared to other settings. In general, vector regulation is a regulation scheme in which a sinusoidal or largely sinusoidal alternating variable, in this case the drive voltage or drive current, is not regulated directly with respect to its instantaneous value in time, but rather with respect to the instantaneous value of the phase angle within the cycle removed.
With regard to the drive motor according to the invention, which is embodied as a synchronous machine feeding a frequency converter, d-q regulation is preferably used here. The d and q vectors are perpendicular to each other, where the q value represents torque and the d value represents magnetic flux density. The torque of the drive motor can be influenced in a suitable manner by means of a q reference value which is preset from the outside.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the permanently excited synchronous machine used as a drive motor, in particular with regard to its stator and/or its rotor, be selected and designed in such a way that a high starting torque is achieved, which in turn leads to a high breakaway torque. It is preferably conceivable for the ratio of the starting torque to the setpoint torque to be selected in the range from 3.0 to 6.0. Therefore, in this case preferably:
the starting torque/setpoint torque is 3.0.
Furthermore, a special embodiment of the invention provides that the drive unit is designed such that at least one drive motor located between the drive motor and the mining drum and the driven mining drum are parallel to one another or particularly preferably coaxial to one another. In this case, it is generally conceivable to provide a multi-stage planetary transmission and at least one further transmission stage between the drive motor and the mining drum. The multistage planetary transmission is preferably arranged in a hub of the mining drum.
The invention further relates to a mining drum for a drum-type mining loader, having a drive unit which is operatively connected to the mining drum. The mining drum is rotatably supported at the end of a pivotable arm of a drum mining loader for selective extraction of minerals, in particular hard coal and/or salt, and has a drive motor which is arranged at the same end of the pivotable arm, i.e. in the region of the arm head, and is connected with the mining drum via a mechanism for transmitting torque and power.
According to the invention, the mining drum is characterized in that the drive motor is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor which provides a drive power which is sufficient for the mining drum to operate as intended.
The basic idea of the invention is based on: a compact unit consisting of a drive motor, a mechanism for transmitting power and torque, and a mining drum is provided on the boom head of a drum mining loader. The use of a permanently excited synchronous motor as a drive motor for the mining drum has the following advantages: a motor with a high power density can be provided, which can be arranged in a space-saving manner in the region of the head of the boom. Depending on the respective application, the mining drum can preferably be operated by means of a drive motor having a power of 250kW to 2000 kW.
Drawings
The invention is described below with the aid of specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings without limiting the general inventive idea. Shown here are:
fig. 1 shows a top view of a boom of a drum mining loader with a mining drum disposed on a boom head and a drive motor in an elongated embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a side view of a boom with a synchronous motor in an elongated embodiment, the synchronous motor being located opposite a mining drum;
fig. 3 shows a top view of a boom of a drum mining loader with a mining drum arranged at the boom head and a drive motor in a cubic embodiment;
fig. 4 shows a side view of a boom with a synchronous motor in an elongated embodiment, which is arranged opposite the mining drum and is connected with the mining drum via a bevel gear transmission.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a top view of a pivotably
The permanently excited synchronous motor 4 shown schematically in fig. 1 is embodied as an elongated motor, the motor length of which exceeds the motor diameter. The drive motor 4 is integrated at least partially into the
The permanently excited synchronous motor 4, which serves as a dedicated drive for the mining drum 1, is characterized by a high power density and is fed via the frequency converter 5, so that a safe and precise start-up during operation and a reliable, on-demand regulation of the drive motor 4 and thus of the roll of the drum are ensured. Compared to asynchronous motors, which are usually used as drives, the technical solution according to the invention provides a higher motor power with the same installation space. This is also the reason why a drive power of up to 2000kW can be provided even if only one single drive motor 4, which causes the rotation of the mining drum 1, is provided in the region of the boom head. It is therefore possible to select a suitable permanent-magnet excited synchronous motor 4 from the power range of 250kW to 2000kW depending on the demand. The illustrated embodiment according to fig. 1, which is based on the invention, is further characterized by a relatively short distance via which power is transmitted from the drive motor 4 to the mining drum 1. Therefore, a costly gear train along the
The speed of the synchronous motor 4 is shown to be in the range 800rpm to 1500rpm, but can be increased to a value of 5000rpm when a particular motor is selected, as long as the purpose of use of the drum mining loader requires this.
Furthermore, the gear stages of the gear mechanism 6 used in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1, which are each embodied as a planetary gear 8 in the region of the mining drum hub 9, are designed such that they provide a total gear ratio of 30 to 40. It is additionally conceivable to install an additional gear stage with a gear ratio of 2.5 to 3.5 before the two gear stages 6 in order to expand the overall gear ratio to a value of 140 in this way.
Fig. 2 shows a side view of the arrangement of the mining drum 1 described in conjunction with fig. 1 in a supplementary view, which has a permanently excited synchronous motor 4 as a dedicated drive in the region of the boom head 3. In the side view according to fig. 2, the drive motor 4, which is embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor, can be seen without any obstruction, while the mining drum 1 is arranged on the opposite side of the
In the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 2, a permanently excited synchronous motor 4 with an output power of 800kW is used. Such an elongated drive motor 4 has a diameter in the range of 500mm to 700mm and a length in the range of 1200mm to 1400 mm.
Fig. 3 shows a further suitable embodiment of a drive motor 4 embodied as a permanently excited synchronous motor for a mining drum 1 of a drum-type mining loader. Here, too, the mining drum 1 is driven or rotated only by means of the drive motor 4 arranged in the region of the boom head 3. The rotational axes of the drive motor 4, of the gear 6 and of the mining drum 1 again extend coaxially. In contrast to the drive motor 4 shown in fig. 2, the drive motor 4 according to fig. 3 is implemented at least almost cuboidal with respect to the dimensions of the motor housing. Thus, the diameter of the motor 4 and its length are at least approximately equal. In this embodiment, the diameter of the drive motor 4 or of the motor housing corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the boom head 3 and thus also to the diameter of the hub 9 of the mining drum 1. This embodiment is advantageous in that the width of the roller-type mining loader in the region of the mining drum 1 is minimized.
In the specific embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 3, a permanently excited synchronous motor 4 with an output power of 800kW can likewise be used. Such a cube-implemented motor 4 has a diameter in the range of 500mm to 700mm and a length in the range of 1200mm to 1400 mm.
Fig. 4 shows another possible arrangement of a permanently excited synchronous motor 4, which is part of a drive train arranged on the boom head 3 of the
According to the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the diameter of the drive motor 4 is adapted again to the dimensions of the
Between the drive motor 4 and the mining drum 1, both of which are arranged in the region of the arm head 3, there is provided a bevel gear transmission 7, which offers the following possibilities: the torque, the rotational speed and the structural dimensions of the motor 4 and/or the gear ratio and the structural dimensions of the planetary gear 8 arranged in the hub region of the mining drum can be optimized. If a permanently excited synchronous motor 4 with an output power of 800kW is used for the embodiment according to fig. 4, the diameter of the synchronous motor is 500mm to 700mm, in this case 560mm, and the resulting motor length is 700mm to 1000mm, in this case 850 mm.
List of reference numerals:
1 mining cylinder
2 support arm
3 support arm head
4 drive motor
5 frequency converter
6 drive mechanism
7 bevel gear transmission device
8 planetary transmission device
9 mining cylinder hub
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：包括次级路径中的热交换器的涡轮发动机