Filter assembly
阅读说明:本技术 过滤器组件 (Filter assembly ) 是由 W.黑金 于 2019-05-10 设计创作,主要内容包括:一种饮用水过滤器,其包括:带有入口和出口的连接附件,该连接附件用于直接安装在接水点之前;设置在连接附件上的过滤杯;和至少两个前后相继地连接的由过滤材料构成的过滤级,所述过滤级在入口与出口之间的流动路径上布置在过滤杯中,其中,过滤级之一由活性炭过滤器构成,其特征在于,在过滤杯的下端设置有排出部;并且把过滤级中的至少一个构造为反冲洗过滤级,其可由运行位置切换至反冲洗位置,以便进行反冲洗,在该运行位置中,水从入口通过所有过滤级被引导至出口,在该反冲洗位置中,水可从入口沿相反方向通过反冲洗过滤级引导至打开的排出部。(A potable water filter, comprising: a connection fitting with an inlet and an outlet for mounting directly in front of a water receiving point; the filter cup is arranged on the connecting accessory; and at least two successively connected filter stages of filter material, which are arranged in a filter cup on the flow path between the inlet and the outlet, wherein one of the filter stages is formed by an activated carbon filter, characterized in that a drain is provided at the lower end of the filter cup; and at least one of the filter stages is designed as a backflushing filter stage which can be switched from an operating position, in which water is conducted from the inlet through all the filter stages to the outlet, into a backflushing position, in which water can be conducted from the inlet in the opposite direction through the backflushing filter stage to the open outlet.)
1. A potable water filter, comprising:
(a) a connection fitting with an inlet and an outlet for mounting directly in front of a water receiving point;
(b) a filter cup disposed on the attachment;
(c) at least two successively connected filter stages of filter material, which are arranged in the filter cup in the flow path between the inlet and the outlet, wherein one of the filter stages is formed by an activated carbon filter,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
(d) the lower end of the filter cup is provided with a discharge part; and is
(e) At least one of the filter stages is designed as a backflushing filter stage which can be switched from an operating position, in which water is conducted from the inlet through all the filter stages to the outlet, into a backflushing position, in which water can be conducted from the inlet in the opposite direction through the backflushing filter stage to the open outlet.
2. The drinking water filter according to claim 1, wherein the inlet-side filter stage is formed by a screen which can be backwashed.
3. The drinking water filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter stage with the activated carbon filter is placed after the other filter stages.
4. The drinking water filter according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate filtration stage is formed by a hollow fiber membrane filter, a micro-membrane filter or another membrane filter.
5. Drinking water filter according to claim 1,
(a) a substantially cylindrical filter element guided axially displaceably between an upper stop and a lower stop, with a screen-shaped main filter and a screen-shaped auxiliary filter and an annular space arranged around the filter element and connectable to the inlet; and is
(b) The means for separating the annular space are arranged such that the main filter can be connected to the inlet in the operating position and the auxiliary filter can be connected to the inlet in the backflushing position and can be flowed through from the outside to the inside.
6. The drinking water filter according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary filter is arranged in a cylindrical sleeve which cooperates with an annular projection which is formed externally on the filter element between the main filter and the auxiliary filter, and which sleeve, in the operating position, blocks the transition between the annular space and the region between the auxiliary filter and the sleeve and, when the filter element is moved into the lower position, opens.
7. The drinking water filter according to claim 5, wherein the means for separating the annular space are formed by an annular projection which is formed externally on the filter element and which interacts with an inwardly projecting annular shoulder of the filter cup and separates the annular space in a backflush position in which the filter element is in the lower end position.
8. Drinking water filter according to claim 5,
(a) the filter element has a bottom;
(b) a guide rib fixed to the housing for guiding the bottom is provided, which extends through the bottom of the filter element, so that the bottom is closed by the guide rib in an upper operating position and a lower backwashing position; and is
(c) The guide rib has a constriction between an upper end and a lower end, so that when the filter element is moved between the operating position and the backflushing position, a passage is formed in the region of the constriction in transition, through which backflushing water flows from the filter cup to the drain.
9. The drinking water filter according to claim 5, characterized by an impeller inside the filter element, which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the filter element, by means of which impeller in the backflush position water can be conducted through a reduced angular range of the main filter from the inside outwards.
10. The drinking water filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter stage comprises activated carbon and a membrane filter arranged in a filter sleeve, which is arranged cylindrically in the filter cup.
11. The drinking water filter according to claim 10, wherein the membrane filter is arranged in a pot-shaped water guide element which guides the backwash flow or the transitional flushing flow at least partially through the filter region with the membrane filter and to the open drain.
12. Drinking water filter according to claim 1,
(a) a blocking member which is operated by a motor is arranged in the inlet;
(b) a mechanism for measuring flow is arranged in the outlet; and is
(c) An evaluation and control unit is provided which is supplied with the signal of the flow measuring means and which closes the blocking element when a selected flow volume flows through the drinking water filter.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drinking water filter, comprising:
(a) a connection fitting with an inlet and an outlet, the connection fitting being adapted to be mounted directly before a water receiving point (Zapfstelle);
(b) the filter cup is arranged on the connecting accessory;
(c) at least two successively connected filter stages of filter material, which are arranged in a filter cup in the flow path between the inlet and the outlet, wherein one of the filter stages is formed by an activated carbon filter.
Such filters are also known as "Point-of-Use" (POU) filters. In some countries where the water quality is not monitored or where the requirements on water quality are not sufficient to make water suitable as drinking water, the use of POU-filters is advantageous, in particular in these countries. In addition to the usual soiling caused by particles such as small stones, rust particles, micro-plastics or other suspended particles, water is contaminated by organic matter such as fertilizer, herbicide and pesticide residues from agriculture or undesirable ions. Such residues are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, organophosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds, aldehydes, ketones, acids and esters. There are also viruses, bacteria and parasites in the water. Such biological contaminants are, for example, viruses in the size range from 0.04 μm to 0.3 μm, such as norovirus, rotavirus, calicivirus and enterovirus, bacteria in the size range from 1 μm, such as E.coli, Vibrio cholerae or Salmonella typhi, and parasites in the size range from 4 μm to 11 μm, such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia or Amara intestinalis.
Many undesirable substances can be removed by simple filtration. Depending on the size of these substances, different filters are suitable here: a fine filter in the form of a simple mesh can retain particles having a particle size greater than, for example, 30-50 microns. For smaller particles, macromolecules and biological contaminants, membrane filters are suitable. The membrane filter may have pores of different sizes. Particles and material above about 0.1 micron in size can be retained during microfiltration and particles and material above 0.01 micron can be retained during ultrafiltration. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are also possible. But the latter require particularly high pressures. Finally, there is an activated carbon filter. Activated carbon filters adsorb organic and inorganic substances.
Filters are commonly used to filter drinking and non-drinking water. In the fine filter, the dirt particles adhere to the screen. Over time, the filter material clogs. Thus, little or no more water passes through the filter. Thus requiring periodic filter updates. For membrane filters, biological material can also adhere to the membrane. This material grows over time. It forms an undesirable biofilm. For the POU-filter, the entire filter material is completely replaced after typically 6 months.
Background
Filters used directly before the water connection are disclosed in CN 101524602 a and DE 202006016132U 1.
The applicant is at his websitewww.syr.dePOU-filters with multiple filtration stages are sold under the name "POU max". The filter can be mounted under the rinsing table and accordingly has a small size. Is provided with a dirt filter, an active carbon filter and a bacteria and germ filter. The germ filter is arranged in the interior of the annular activated carbon filter cartridge. The germ filter is placed after the activated carbon filter and forms the final filtration stage. Filter cartridges composed of activated carbon are known under the name "carbon" or filter element "EPS". The filter cartridge filters pesticides, solvents, pesticides, organic pests, flavorings, and odorous substances. A sediment filter is arranged on the inlet side. The dirt filter is configured to be backwashed.
Furthermore, it is known to filter water in hollow fiber membranes. The hollow fiber membrane has an absolute filter fineness of approximately 0.1 μm. They are suitable as pathogen barriers and prevent pathogen nests (Keimnester) and biofilm formation.
Other manufacturers, such as BRITA, also sell POU-filters under the name HS1 with multiple filtration stages in the form of pre-filters, activated carbon filters and hollow fiber-membranes. As the useful life of a filter stage ends, the entire filter material is wasted.
EP 2952239 a1 discloses a filter attachment with an impeller, in which the filter insert is divided into two parts by means of a horizontal wall section. The filter element has the same diameter along the entire height. The impeller projects through the horizontal wall from the lower filter chamber into the upper filter chamber. A valve is arranged between the upper and lower filter chambers, by means of which valve water can flow from the lower filter chamber into the upper filter chamber in the operating position. This known arrangement is complicated to construct. A high degree of pressure drop is created across the valve and the horizontal wall. This is not desirable. The filter is bulky and has only one filter screen. This filter is not suitable as a point-of-use filter arranged directly before the water connection.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a filter of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which saves resources and has a long service life.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a filter of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph in that:
(d) the lower end of the filter cup is provided with a discharge part; and is
(e) At least one of the filter stages is designed as a backflushing filter stage which can be switched from an operating position, in which water is conducted from the inlet via all filter stages to the outlet, into a backflushing position, in which water can be conducted from the inlet in the opposite direction through the backflushing filter stage to the open outlet.
Through back flushing, the service life of a single filtration stage is prolonged. This is particularly advantageous when these filter stages are clogged earlier than the service life of the activated carbon filter. The service life is typically half a year. Thus, a filtration stage can be flushed after it has been previously used. It is no longer necessary to replace the entire filter material jointly.
The service life of the filter stage can be extended in particular by measures: that is, an activated carbon filter is used as the final filtration stage. All the preceding filter stages can then be backwashed. The carbon filter is passed through by water which has been filtered beforehand and clogging does not occur as quickly. Thereby also extending the useful life of the activated carbon filter.
The filter stage on the inlet side can in particular be formed by a screen which can be backwashed. Such a screen can be backwashed particularly easily. The particles trapped therein are carried away in the opposite direction through the screen by the backwash flow and are disposed of by the discharge.
The intermediate filtration stage may preferably consist of a hollow fiber membrane filter, a micro-membrane filter or another membrane filter. The hollow fiber membranes consist of a bundle of soft-bag-shaped membranes and cannot be easily backwashed. However, the following possibilities exist: i.e. to generate a flushing flow for circulating the hollow fiber-membranes within the bundle. In this case, the biofilm growing outside the hollow fiber-membrane is carried away and disposed of via the discharge with backwash water. Thereby extending the useful life of the hollow fiber membrane.
A particularly compact arrangement of the drinking water filter is achieved by the following measures:
(a) a substantially cylindrical filter element guided axially displaceably between an upper stop and a lower stop, with a screen-shaped main filter and a screen-shaped auxiliary filter and an annular space arranged around the filter element and connectable to the inlet; and is
(b) The means for separating the annular space are arranged such that the main filter can be connected to the inlet in the operating position and the auxiliary filter can be connected to the inlet in the backflushing position and can be flowed through from the outside to the inside.
The backwashing water is advantageously filtered in the auxiliary filter, so that no particles can reach the inside of the main filter or enter other filter stages.
In this case, it can be provided that the auxiliary filter is arranged in a cylindrical sleeve which interacts with an annular projection which is formed on the outside on the filter element between the main filter and the auxiliary filter, and which in the operating position blocks the transition between the annular space and the region between the auxiliary filter and the sleeve and opens when the filter element is moved into the lower position.
The transition between the backflushing position and the operating position takes place here by an axial displacement of the filter element.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the means for separating the annular space are formed by an annular projection which is formed on the outside on the filter element and which interacts with an inwardly projecting annular shoulder of the filter cup and separates the annular space in a backflush position in which the filter element is in the lower end position. The annular projection may be the same annular projection that cooperates with the cylindrical sleeve. The annular projection then acts like a double valve. In the upper end position (operating position) of the filter element, the annular projection separates the auxiliary filter from the annular space and guides the water through the main filter. In the lower end position of the filter element (backflush position), the annular projection separates the annular space and guides the water through the auxiliary filter. The sleeve and the annular shoulder serve here as stops for defining the respective end position.
In a further embodiment of the invention, provision is made for:
(a) the filter element has a bottom;
(b) guide ribs fixed to the housing for guiding the bottom are provided, which extend through the bottom of the filter element, so that the bottom is closed by the guide ribs in the upper operating position and in the lower backwashing position; and is
(c) The guide rib has a constriction between the upper end and the lower end, so that when the filter element is moved between the operating position and the backflushing position, a passage is formed in the region of the constriction in transition, through which backflushing water flows from the filter cup to the drain.
Not only is the main filter, i.e. the screen, backwashed, but also the region flowing through the membrane filter, in particular the flushing flow between the hollow fiber membranes, is backwashed. In which case the biofilm may be removed. The biofilm should as far as possible not reach the main filter from the inside. During the transition phase, the initially produced backwash water is therefore directed directly downwards to the discharge. For this purpose, a via is temporarily formed in the bottom. The drinking water filter has a transition region due to the constriction between the operating position and the backflushing position, in which region water and the biofilm located therein can flow out through the bottom.
A particularly effective backwashing is achieved by means of an impeller which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the filter element within the filter element and by means of which, in the backwashing position, water can be conducted through a reduced angular range of the main filter from the inside to the outside. Thus, the entire main filter is not backwashed, but always backwashed at an increased flow rate over only a small angular range.
The drinking water filter is particularly advantageous if the filter stage comprises activated carbon and a membrane filter arranged in a filter sleeve which is arranged cylindrically in a filter cup. Membrane filters must be replaced periodically even when they are capable of backwashing. Cartridges with different filter materials can be easily and quickly replaced in their entirety. This is particularly user friendly.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the membrane filter is arranged in a pot-shaped water guiding element, which guides the backwash flow or the transitional flushing flow at least partially through the filter region with the membrane filter and to the open outlet. A high flow speed with good rinsing effect is achieved with the pot-shaped water guide element.
In order to perform backwashing regularly:
(a) a blocking member which is operated by a motor is arranged in the inlet;
(b) a mechanism for measuring flow is arranged in the outlet; and is
(c) An evaluation and control unit is provided which is supplied with signals from the means for measuring the flow and which closes the blocking element when a selected flow volume flows through the drinking water filter.
After the selected flow volume has passed through the potable water filter, the blocking member is closed. Then no more water can be taken off. The user immediately realizes that the back flushing is required by opening the discharge. After the backwash, the blocking element can be opened again and the water can be discharged. In this way it is ensured that always clean water is used.
Drawings
The design of the invention is the subject of the dependent claims. The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a backwash filter assembly with a filter and an auxiliary filter for filtering backwash water in an operating position;
FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 with a blocking member;
FIG. 3 shows a detail of FIG. 1 with a filter and an auxiliary filter;
FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 1 with an outlet at the lower end of the assembly;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a portion of the filter;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1 during a transition from the run position to the backwash position;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1 in a backwash position;
FIG. 8 shows a detail of FIG. 6 with the bottom of the filter cup;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an impeller of the assembly according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 illustrates the impeller of FIG. 9 in an exploded view;
fig. 11 shows an alternative embodiment with a blocking element at the inlet, which is operated by a motor.
Detailed Description
Operating position of fig. 1 to 5
Figure 1 shows a filter assembly generally designated 10. The assembly 10 is used for filtering potable or non-potable water and is installed directly in front of a water receiving point. The assembly 10 has an attachment accessory with a housing 12. The housing 12 has an inlet 14 and an outlet 16 by means of which the assembly can be installed in a pipeline (not shown) before a water receiving point. In the present embodiment, a coaxial assembly is provided between the inlet 14 and the outlet 16, which assembly may be mounted directly into the pipeline. However, it is also possible to use a flange connection, with which the component is flanged to the connection fitting via a corresponding flange. The outlet is then configured as an annular channel which is arranged around the inlet in the form of a central channel, and vice versa.
In the present first embodiment, a blocking member in the form of a ball valve 18 is arranged in the inlet region 14. The ball valve 18 includes a ball 20 with a handle 22. The ball 20 has a through hole. The ball 20 is rotated about a vertical axis in order to close and open the blocking member. But of course any other form of blocking member may be used.
Fig. 11 shows an embodiment in which a motor is provided instead of the handle.
The inlet region 14 is separated from the outlet region 16 by a wall 24. The housing 12 forms a narrowed, downwardly projecting neck 26. The wall portion 24 extends downwardly through the neck portion 26. At the lower end, the neck 26 opens into a downwardly projecting nipple 28. The upper end of the
The
A
The
The
A water filter with three filtration stages is located in the
The filter pack consisting of
The
On the left side of the wall portion 24 in fig. 1, an inlet passage 88 is formed. The inlet passage 88 extends from the inlet 14 through the blocking member and curves downwardly in front of the wall portion 24. The inlet passage 88 extends further through the neck into the region outside the filter sleeve. The filter sleeve with
The
The
The
The
The
The upper portion 126 is provided with a thickened rim 134 above the secondary filter 130. The thickened rim 134 is provided with an externally encircling annular groove, in which a seal 136 is arranged. By means of the thickened edge 134, the
A part of the channel 140 projects above the intermediate floor 81 into the interior space of the
In the
The filter assembly 10 is shown in an operational state in fig. 1. The inlet side ball valve 18 is opened. The discharge-
In the operating state, the
The water thus cannot continue to flow downwardly and flows inwardly through the
The water now flows from the outside into the hollow fiber membrane. The ultrasonic filtration is carried out here according to the second filtration stage. Germs and fine dirt particles in the range of a few micrometers which have passed through the fine filter screen adhere externally to the hollow fiber-membrane. At the upper end, the water flows out of the hollow fiber membrane. The water then flows through the activated carbon filter, which is embodied in the present exemplary embodiment as a block. This is illustrated in fig. 1 by arrow 164. It goes without saying that, depending on the filtering task and application, instead of lumps, pellets or other filter materials can also be used in the third filter stage. At the upper end, the water flows through the
Over time, the
Transition positions of fig. 6 and 8
For backwashing, the
As the
In the region of the auxiliary filter 130, the
In the central region of the assembly, the water flows downwardly toward the
It can be seen that the bottom 96 rests against the
Backwash position of figure 7
Figure 7 shows the backwash position of the assembly. This is the lower end position of the
The
Water flowing into the outer annular space 90 from the inlet now flows in the direction of arrow 188 in fig. 7 to the auxiliary filter 130. The water is then coarsely filtered in the auxiliary filter and flows upwards in the direction of arrow 190 just as at the transition point. The water further flows in the direction of arrow 192 through water directing element 142 to hollow fiber-
The water is forced through the nozzle of the
Behind the
With the assembly shown, not only is the
The filter material together with the
FIG. 11 shows an automated version of the assembly. Here, the blocking element on the inlet side is not actuated manually, but rather by means of a control element by means of the motor 200. In the outlet 16 a turbine is arranged. Magnets are fixed to the turbine 202. The reed contact 204 gets pulsed each time the magnet passes the rotating turbine. From these pulses, the control and evaluation unit on the motor 200 determines the volume that has flowed through the assembly. When a predetermined amount of water has flowed through the assembly, the ball valve 18 is closed by the control member using the motor 200. The filter may then be backwashed as described above.
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