阅读说明：本技术 具有优化取向的减振器的机床 (Machine tool with optimally oriented vibration dampers ) 是由 约亨·布雷特施奈德 乌韦·拉德拉 埃尔玛·谢菲尔斯 托尔斯滕·舒尔 于 2020-03-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种具有优化取向的减振器的机床。机床具有至少一个第一机器元件和第二机器元件。在第二机器元件的导向装置中引导第一机器元件,并且第一机器元件借助机床的驱动器在第二机器元件的导向装置中能位置受控地在移动方向上移动。第一机器元件具有第一端面和第二端面,它们平行于移动方向延伸并且取向成相互垂直的。机床具有第一减振器和第二减振器,借助它们分别能衰减第一机器元件在相应的振动方向上发生的振动。振动方向取向成垂直于移动方向。第一减振器和/或第二减振器取向成,单独借助第一或第二减振器能衰减的振动的振动方向取向成既不平行于第一端面也不平行于第二端面。(The invention relates to a machine tool with a damper of optimized orientation. The machine tool has at least one first machine element and a second machine element. The first machine element is guided in a guide of the second machine element, and the first machine element is moved in the guide of the second machine element in a position-controlled manner in the direction of movement by means of a drive of the machine tool. The first machine element has a first end face and a second end face which extend parallel to the direction of movement and are oriented perpendicularly to one another. The machine tool has a first vibration damper and a second vibration damper, by means of which vibrations of the first machine element occurring in the respective vibration direction can be damped. The direction of vibration is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement. The first damper and/or the second damper are oriented such that the direction of vibration of the vibrations that can be damped by the first damper or the second damper alone is oriented neither parallel to the first end face nor to the second end face.)

1. A kind of machine tool is disclosed, which comprises a machine tool body,

wherein the machine tool has at least one first machine element (6) and a second machine element (2),

wherein the first machine element (6) is guided in a guide of the second machine element (2) and is movable in a position-controlled manner in a direction of movement (z) in the guide of the second machine element (2) by means of a drive (4) of the machine tool,

wherein the first machine element (6) has a first end face (11) and a second end face (12),

wherein the first end face (11) and the second end face (12) extend parallel to the direction of movement (z) and are oriented perpendicular to each other,

wherein the machine tool has a first vibration damper (13) and a second vibration damper (14), by means of which vibrations of the first machine element (6) occurring in the respective vibration direction (F1, F2) can be damped,

wherein the vibration direction (F1, F2) is oriented perpendicular to the movement direction (z), characterized in that,

the first vibration damper (13) is oriented such that a vibration direction (F1) of a vibration that can be damped by the first vibration damper (13) alone is oriented neither parallel to the first end face (11) nor to the second end face (12), and/or

The second vibration damper (14) is oriented such that a vibration direction (F2) of vibrations that can be damped by means of the second vibration damper (14) alone is oriented neither parallel to the first end face (11) nor parallel to the second end face (12).

2. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration direction (F1) of the vibrations that can be damped by means of the first vibration damper (13) alone and the vibration direction (F2) of the vibrations that can be damped by means of the second vibration damper (14) alone are oriented perpendicular to each other.

3. Machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the first damper (13) and the second damper (14) are configured as active dampers.

4. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first vibration damper (13) and the second vibration damper (14) are arranged at the first machine element (6).

5. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2,

the first machine element (6) comprises a machining head (7) which carries a spindle (8) by means of which a tool of the machine tool is rotated about a rotation axis (9),

an additional element (15) is arranged between the first machine element (6) and the machining head (7) or adjacent to the machining head (7), and

the first damper (13) and the second damper (14) are arranged on or at the additional element (15).

6. Machine tool according to claim 5, characterised in that the additional element (15) is position-controllably rotatable by means of a further drive (4) about a first axis of rotation (16) parallel to the direction of movement (z).

7. Machine tool according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the spindle (8) is position-controlled rotatable by means of a further drive (4) about a second axis of rotation (17) parallel to the direction of movement (z).

8. The machine tool of any one of claims 5 to 7,

the machining head (7) has a first handle (18) by means of which the machining head (7) can be automatically detached from the additional element (15),

the attachment element (15) has a second handle (19) by means of which the attachment element (15) can be automatically detached from the first machine element (6), and

after the detachment of the additional element (15) from the first machine element (6), the machining head (7) can be automatically connected to the first machine element (6).

Technical Field

The present invention is based on a machine tool,

-wherein the machine tool has at least a first machine element and a second machine element,

wherein the first machine element is guided in a guide of the second machine element and the first machine element is moved in a position-controlled manner in a direction of movement in the guide of the second machine element by means of a drive of the machine tool,

-wherein the first machine element has a first end face and a second end face,

-wherein the first end face and the second end face extend parallel to the direction of movement and are oriented perpendicular to each other,

wherein the machine tool has a first vibration damper and a second vibration damper, by means of which vibrations of the first machine element occurring in the respective vibration direction can be damped,

-wherein the direction of vibration is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement.

Background

Such a machine tool is disclosed for example in EP 3017911B 1.

In the known machine tool, the two vibration dampers are oriented parallel to the two end faces. It is, however, clearly entirely necessary that this way of orientation is not advantageous in all cases. It may occur in particular that the particular oscillation is oriented in a direction which is not parallel to the two end faces. In this case, the known measures do not always have good results.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to design a machine tool of the type mentioned above such that vibrations which are not oriented parallel to the two end faces are damped well.

This object is achieved by a machine tool according to the invention.

According to the invention, a machine tool of the type described above is designed,

the first vibration damper is oriented such that the direction of vibration of the vibrations that can be damped by the first vibration damper alone is oriented neither parallel to the first end face nor to the second end face, and/or

The second vibration damper is oriented such that the direction of vibration of the vibrations that can be damped by the second vibration damper alone is oriented neither parallel to the first end face nor to the second end face.

Depending on the situation, it can be expedient for one of the two dampers to be oriented parallel to the first end face or the second end face. However, it is also possible for the two vibration dampers to be oriented neither parallel to the first end face nor to the second end face. In this case, it can be advantageous if the vibration directions of the vibrations that can be damped by means of the first vibration damper alone and the vibration directions of the vibrations that can be damped by means of the second vibration damper alone are oriented perpendicular to one another. In particular, a mutual decoupling of the two vibration dampers is thereby achieved.

Preferably, the first and second dampers are configured as active dampers. Active dampers have superior damping properties relative to passive dampers.

The first and second vibration dampers can be arranged at the first machine element. It is, however, particularly preferred that,

the first machine element comprises a machining head carrying a spindle by means of which a tool of the machine tool is rotated about an axis of rotation,

an additional element is arranged between the first machine element and the machining head or adjacent to the machining head, and

the first damper and the second damper are arranged on or at the additional element.

This design provides various advantages.

It is thus possible, for example, for the additional element to be rotated in a controlled manner about a first axis of rotation parallel to the direction of displacement by means of a further drive. The orientation of the two dampers can thereby be adjusted as desired.

This embodiment can be advantageous in particular in the following cases: the axis of rotation of the spindle can be rotated in a controlled manner about a second axis of rotation parallel to the direction of movement by means of a further drive.

The machining head usually has a first handle, by means of which the machining head can be automatically detached from the attachment. In this case, there is a further advantage in the following embodiments, among others

The attachment element has a second handle by means of which the attachment element can be automatically detached from the first machine element, and

the processing head can be automatically connected with the first machine element after the detachment of the additional element from the first machine element.

It is thereby possible for the machine tool to operate with two dampers or without two dampers as required. It is possible in particular that vibrations occur only in a few applications. In this respect, the machine tool can be operated without additional components and without two dampers during most of its operating time. The additional elements are only installed in the case of small amounts of chatter.

Drawings

The above features, characteristics and advantages of the present invention and how to implement them, will become more apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. Here, it is schematically shown that:

figure 1 is a machine tool and its control device,

figure 2 is a cross-section along line F-F in figure 1,

FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of FIG. 2, and

fig. 4 shows a tappet, a machining head and additional elements.

Detailed Description

According to fig. 1, a machine tool has a plurality of machine elements. For example, the machine tool has a base body 1 as a machine element. On or at the base body 1, a workpiece table 1' is present as a further machine element, at which a workpiece, not shown, can be fastened. The upright 2 forms another machine element. The column 2 is guided in a guide 3 of the base body 1 and can be moved in a position-controlled manner in the direction marked x by means of a drive 4. For this purpose, the control device 5 provides the respective actuator 4 with the respective position setpoint value x.

Other guiding means can be arranged in the column 2. This guide is not shown in the figures, but can be similar in design to the guide 3. This other guide is referred to as outer guide in the following. This name is used to distinguish linguistically from another guide, called an inner guide.

The other guide device (i.e., the inner guide device) can be moved in the outer guide device in a position-controlled manner in the direction marked y by means of the other drive 4. For this purpose, the control device 5 provides the respective actuator 4 with the respective position setpoint value y.

The machine tool also has a tappet 6. The tappet 6 is displaceable in the inner guide in a position-controlled manner by means of the further drive 4 in the direction marked with z. For this purpose, the control device 5 provides the respective actuator 4 with the respective position setpoint value z. The inner guide is also not shown in the drawing, but can be identical in design to the guide 3.

The tappet 6 comprises a machining head 7. The machining head 7 carries a spindle 8 by means of which the tool of the machine tool is rotated about an axis of rotation 9 at a rotational speed n. The tool itself is not shown in the drawings. For rotating the spindle 8, the control device 5 provides the spindle drive 10 with a corresponding rotational speed setpoint n.

The tappet 6 is a first machine element in the sense of the present invention. The column 2 (or more precisely the inner guide of the column 2) is a second machine element in the sense of the present invention. The z direction is the direction of movement in the sense of the present invention.

The tappet 6, i.e. the first machine element, has a first and a second end surface 11, 12. The end faces 11, 12 extend parallel to the direction of movement z and they are oriented perpendicular to each other. In particular, one of the two end faces 11, 12 is at the same time also parallel to the direction x, the other parallel to the direction y.

According to fig. 2, the machine tool has a first damper 13 and a second damper 14. By means of the first vibration damper 13, vibrations of the first machine element 6 which occur in the direction indicated by F1 in fig. 2 can be damped. Similarly, vibrations of the first machine element 6 which occur in the direction indicated by F2 in fig. 2 can be damped by means of the second vibration damper 14. According to fig. 2, the directions F1, F2 in which the dampers 13, 14 are active (hereinafter referred to as first and second vibration directions F1, F2) are oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement z. Obviously, the first damper 13 is oriented such that its vibration direction F1 is oriented neither parallel to the first end face 11 nor to the second end face 12. Similarly, it is apparent that the second damper 14 is also oriented such that its direction of vibration F2 is oriented neither parallel to the first end face 11 nor to the second end face 12. However, the corresponding actuation can easily be derived by means of coordinate transformations generally known to the person skilled in the art.

According to fig. 2, the dampers 13, 14 are oriented such that their directions of vibration F1, F2 form an acute angle with each other. However, it is also possible to realize that the vibration directions F1, F2 are oriented perpendicular to one another, as shown in fig. 3.

The two dampers 13, 14 can be designed as passive dampers. Preferably, however, the two dampers 13, 14 are designed as active dampers. This is seen in fig. 1 by the following: the control device 5 supplies corresponding control signals C, C' to the two vibration dampers 13, 14, i.e. the control device 5 actively controls the vibration dampers 13, 14. In this case, the necessary sensors for detecting occurring vibrations are preferably either parallel to the directions x, y, z or at an angle to these. It is particularly possible to detect vibrations occurring in the vibration directions F1, F2.

In the embodiments described so far according to fig. 1 to 3, the two vibration dampers 13, 14 are arranged at the tappet 6, i.e. at the first machine element. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the two vibration dampers 13, 14 to be components of the machining head 7.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, an additional element 15 is arranged at least temporarily between the first machine element 6 and the processing head 7 or adjacent to the processing head 7. In this case, the first and second vibration dampers 13, 14 can be arranged on or at the additional element 15.

The additional element 15 can preferably be rotated in a position-controlled manner about a first axis of rotation 16 parallel to the direction of movement z by means of the further drive 4. For this purpose, the control device 5 provides the respective driver 4 with the respective first angular setpoint value α. It is thereby possible, for example, to design the first damper 13 to be stronger than the second damper 14, so that the first damper 13 dampens the occurring vibrations to a greater extent than the second damper 14. In this case, the rotation of the additional element 15 about the axis of rotation 16 can be determined in such a way that the first vibration direction F1 is oriented parallel or approximately parallel to the direction in which the first machine element 6 actually vibrates. In this case, the second vibration damper 14 must only compensate for slight residual vibrations of the first machine element 6, which occur, for example, as a result of incorrect arrangement when the additional element 15 is rotated. The direction in which the first machine element 6 actually vibrates can be determined, for example, by the direction of the cutting force of a cutting process or the direction of the force of a milling process. The orientation of the additional element 15 can be carried out as required before the machine tool is set up and during operation, i.e. during the machining of the workpiece.

It is possible to rotate the rotational axis 9 of the spindle 8 simultaneously with the rotation of the additional element 15. Alternatively, it is also possible for the axis of rotation 9 of the spindle 8 to be positionally controllable rotatable about a second axis of rotation 17 parallel to the direction of movement z by means of a further drive 4. For this purpose, the control device 5 in this case gives the respective second angular setpoint value β to the respective drive 4.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the machining head 7 has a first handle 18. The first handle 18 enables the machining head 7 to be automatically detached from the attachment element 15 and thus also removed. Similarly, the additional element 15 has a second handle 19. The attachment element 15 can be automatically detached from the first machine element 6 by means of the second handle 19 and can thus also be removed. After the detachment and removal of the additional element 15 from the first machine element 6, the processing head 7 can then likewise be automatically connected again to the first machine element 6. Thus, the operation of the machine tool can be carried out not only with the additional element 15 but also without the additional element 15.

In summary, the invention therefore relates to the following facts:

the machine tool has at least one first and one second machine element 6, 2. The first machine element 6 is guided in the guide of the second machine element 2 and can be moved in the guide of the second machine element 2 in a position-controlled manner in the direction of movement z by means of the drive 4 of the machine tool. The first machine element 6 has a first and a second end face 11, 12, which extend parallel to the direction of movement z and are oriented perpendicularly to one another. The machine tool has a first and a second vibration damper 13, 14, by means of which the vibrations of the first machine element 6 occurring in the respective vibration direction F1, F2 can be damped. The vibration directions F1, F2 are oriented perpendicular to the moving direction z. The first damper 13 and/or the second damper 14 are oriented such that the oscillation directions F1, F2 of the oscillations that can be damped by means of the first or second damper 13, 14 alone are oriented neither parallel to the first end face 11 nor to the second end face 12.

The present invention has various advantages. It is possible in particular to orient the vibration directions F1, F2 of the vibration dampers 13, 14 as required.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples and other variants can be derived by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.