阅读说明：本技术 一种香菇菌棒免刺孔割袋越夏管理方法 (Hole-puncturing-free over-summer bag cutting management method for shiitake mushroom sticks ) 是由 李军 陈军毅 佘加望 乐奎 于 2020-07-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种香菇菌棒免刺孔割袋越夏管理方法在给菌棒刺孔排气的前三天要对堆放的场所进行杀虫,采用一些高效、低毒、低残留量的药剂进行喷洒,在刺孔后7天的时间内要连续喷洒杀虫,后续时间可以采用杀的方式进行杀虫；诱杀剂可用80%的三唑磷原药、三苯乙烯苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基苯磺酸钙盐按照比例为4:2:1的比例进行配制,并保持一定的湿度,每房间分配不少于三个放置点进行诱杀。本发明选取合适的避夏地点,给予菌棒足够的通风和散热条件,并在高温条件时通过菌棒的两头开袋,能使菌棒增氧的同时又能对菌棒温度有所下降,并且在增氧后第一时间进行持续的杀虫工作,减少菌棒的受到虫害,使菌棒能够安全越夏。(The invention provides a mushroom stick puncture-free bag cutting over-summer management method, which is used for killing insects in a stacked place three days before a mushroom stick punctures and exhausts air, and adopts certain high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue medicaments for spraying, the continuous spraying of the medicaments for killing insects is needed within 7 days after the puncture, and the subsequent time can be used for killing the insects in a killing way; the trapping agent can be prepared by 80% of triazophos technical, triphenylethylene phenol polyoxyethylene ether and calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate according to the proportion of 4:2:1, a certain humidity is kept, and at least three placing points are distributed in each room for trapping. According to the invention, a proper summer-avoiding place is selected, enough ventilation and heat dissipation conditions are provided for the fungus stick, the fungus stick is bagged at two ends under a high-temperature condition, the oxygen can be increased for the fungus stick, the temperature of the fungus stick can be reduced, continuous insect killing work can be carried out at the first time after oxygen increasing, insect damage to the fungus stick is reduced, and the fungus stick can safely cross summer.)

1. The hole-puncturing-free bag cutting over-summer management method for the mushroom sticks is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: selecting a wide-temperature annual fruiting variety, and screening the variety with the fungus age of 90-110 days and the fruiting temperature of 10-28 ℃;

s2: building a shade shed, namely building the shade shed on the shady side of a mountain body, shading the top and periphery of the shed, covering dicranopteris pedata, branches and other covers, removing a plastic film at the top of an inner arched shed after a plum rain season to promote air circulation in the shed, erecting climbing vine crops such as pumpkins and loofahs around the shade shed to improve the shading effect, erecting climbing tiger plants around the shade shed to improve the shading effect, installing an automatic rotating tap water nozzle or a spray pipe on the top of the shed, spraying water to cool the shed from 10 am to 4 pm every day, digging 20-40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep through trenches around and on the two sides in the shed, and introducing flowing canal water into the trenches;

s3: placing the fungus sticks, completing the loose stacking and moving work of the fungus sticks in the shed, generally arranging the operation in the early-late low-temperature time period, carefully taking and lightly placing the fungus sticks to avoid vibrating the fungus sticks, stacking the scattered fungus sticks in the shed in a triangular or 'field' -shaped manner, stacking the fungus sticks at a height of 3-5 layers, reserving an air duct between piles, and strictly forbidding turning over the fungus sticks in the high-temperature period to prevent the fungus sticks from vibrating and aggravating the breathing action of hyphae to cause the temperature of the piles to rise;

s4: the high-temperature indoor over-summer management is carried out, doors and windows facing to the sun are closed before the sun comes out, doors and windows which are back to the sun and are not directly irradiated by sunlight are opened, and the closed doors and windows are opened after the outside temperature slowly drops, so that outside hot air can be prevented from entering the room, the indoor air circulation can be ensured, in summer weather, a fan is additionally arranged in the room to ventilate and dissipate heat, and the relative humidity of the indoor air is controlled to be 60-80%;

s5: when the whole body of the fungus stick is white and the stick body reaches 30% of fungus tumors, cutting a semicircular opening of 8-10 cm at two ends of the fungus stick and an outer bag by using a knife to increase oxygen, promoting the hypha to mature and achieve the color conversion effect, and carrying out the fungus stick in the same room in batches;

s6: carrying out insecticidal management, wherein the stacked places need to be subjected to insecticidal treatment in the three days before the fungus sticks are punctured and exhausted, a certain high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue medicament is sprayed, the insecticide needs to be continuously sprayed within 7 days after the puncture, and the insecticide can be killed in the subsequent time; the trapping and killing agent can be prepared by 80% of triazophos technical, triphenylethylene phenol polyoxyethylene ether and calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate according to the proportion of 4:2:1, certain humidity is kept, the trapping and killing agent is filled into an open tile can or a small paper box with a plastic bag inside, and at least three placing points are distributed in each room for trapping and killing.

2. The method for managing mushroom sticks through puncturing-free bag cutting and summer wearing according to claim 1, wherein the canal water in the S2 process is selected to be at a temperature lower than 15 ℃, and is circulated by a circulating pump, and the flow speed of the canal water is controlled to be 0.5-1 m/S.

3. The shiitake mushroom stick puncture-free bag cutting and summer-going management method according to claim 1, wherein the height of the spraying pipe from the ground in the S2 process is controlled to be 4m-5m, and the spraying radiation range of the spraying pipe is controlled to be 2 m-3 m.

4. The management method for mushroom stick puncture-free bag cutting and summer-passing according to claim 1, characterized in that local rotten sticks occurring in the process of S5 can be thoroughly dug out rotten fungus blocks, the rotten blocks and points can be removed in the early stage of rotting, quicklime and appropriate amount of water are added after treatment to be mixed into slurry, the slurry is coated on the wound part and is subjected to disinfection treatment, then fresh fungus blocks of the same variety are filled, a transparent adhesive tape is pasted on the surface of the treatment hole, a plurality of small holes are punched on the adhesive tape, and bag breaking and material airing are performed on the fungus sticks which are completely burnt, so that the fungus sticks are reused.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom culture, in particular to a hole-puncturing-free bag cutting and over-summer management method for mushroom sticks.

Background

Modern researches prove that lentinan can regulate the activity of T cells with immune functions in human bodies and can reduce the tumor inducing capacity of methylcholanthrene. The mushroom has strong inhibition effect on cancer cells, the inhibition rate on the white rat sarcoma 180 is 97.5%, the inhibition rate on the ehrlich cancer is 80%, the mushroom also contains various vitamins and mineral substances, and has great effects on promoting human metabolism and improving organism adaptability.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a hole-puncturing-free over-summer bag cutting management method for mushroom sticks, which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, hole puncturing, oxygen increasing and over-summer cultivation are generally carried out after the mushroom sticks are produced; however, after the fungus stick punctures, the stick temperature can be rapidly raised after 6 hours, and the stick temperature can be continuously raised for 4 hours at 32 ℃, which can cause the hypha death and is commonly called as the technical problem of stick burning.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme that,

the method comprises the following steps:

s1: selecting a wide-temperature annual fruiting variety, and screening the variety with the fungus age of 90-110 days and the fruiting temperature of 10-28 ℃;

s2: building a shade shed, namely building the shade shed on the shady side of a mountain body, shading the top and periphery of the shed, covering dicranopteris pedata, branches and other covers, removing a plastic film at the top of an inner arched shed after a plum rain season to promote air circulation in the shed, erecting climbing vine crops such as pumpkins and loofahs around the shade shed to improve the shading effect, erecting climbing tiger plants around the shade shed to improve the shading effect, installing an automatic rotating tap water nozzle or a spray pipe on the top of the shed, spraying water to cool the shed from 10 am to 4 pm every day, digging 20-40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep through trenches around and on the two sides in the shed, and introducing flowing canal water into the trenches;

s3: the fungus sticks are placed, the fungus sticks are piled up in a scattered mode and moved in a moving mode in a shed, operation is generally arranged in a low-temperature period in the morning and evening, the fungus sticks are required to be lightly taken and placed to avoid vibration, the fungus sticks piled up in the shed in a triangular or field-shaped mode are required to be piled up in a height of 3-5 layers, and ventilation ducts are required to be reserved between piles. Turning over the fungus sticks is strictly prohibited during the high temperature period, so as to prevent the fungus sticks from being vibrated, and the temperature of the pile is increased due to the aggravation of the breathing action of hyphae;

s4: the high-temperature indoor over-summer management is carried out, doors and windows facing to the sun are closed before the sun comes out, doors and windows which are back to the sun and are not directly irradiated by sunlight are opened, and the closed doors and windows are opened after the outside temperature slowly drops, so that outside hot air can be prevented from entering the room, the indoor air circulation can be ensured, in summer weather, a fan is additionally arranged in the room to ventilate and dissipate heat, and the relative humidity of the indoor air is controlled to be 60-80%;

s5: when the whole body of the fungus stick is white and the stick body reaches 30% of fungus tumors, cutting a semicircular opening of 8-10 cm at two ends of the fungus stick and an outer bag by using a knife to increase oxygen, promoting the hypha to mature and achieve the color conversion effect, and carrying out the fungus stick in the same room in batches;

s6: and (3) insecticidal management, wherein the stacked places are subjected to insecticidal treatment in the three days before the fungus sticks are punctured and exhausted, a certain high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue medicament is sprayed, the insecticide is continuously sprayed within 7 days after the puncture, and the insecticide can be killed in the subsequent time in an insecticidal mode. The trapping and killing agent can be prepared by 80% of triazophos technical, triphenylethylene phenol polyoxyethylene ether and calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate according to the proportion of 4:2:1, certain humidity is kept, the trapping and killing agent is filled into an open tile can or a small paper box with a plastic bag inside, and at least three placing points are distributed in each room for trapping and killing.

Preferably, the selected temperature of the canal water in the S2 process is lower than 15 ℃, and the canal water is circulated by a circulating pump, and the flowing speed of the canal water is controlled to be 0.5-1 m/S.

Preferably, the height of the spraying pipe above the ground in the S2 process is controlled to be 4m-5m, and the spraying radiation range of the spraying pipe is controlled to be 2-3 m.

Preferably, the rotten fungus blocks of local part that appears in the S5 in-process can thoroughly be dug out, can adopt to dig out rotten piece, the method of some is handled in rotten prophase, after handling with quick lime with suitable amount of water mix into pulpiness and scribble the wound portion, carry out the disinfection processing can, then pack the fresh fungus block of the same kind, handle the hole surface subsides, go up transparent adhesive tape, and stab a plurality of apertures on adhesive tape, to the fungus stick that has comprehensively "burnt fungus", in time carry out broken bag and shine the material, thereby carry out the reuse.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

select suitable place of keeping away from the summer, give the fungus stick sufficient ventilation and heat dissipation condition to open the bag through the both ends of fungus stick when the high temperature condition, can make the oxygenation of fungus stick again can be to fungus stick temperature to some extent, and carry out lasting insecticidal work in the very first time after the oxygenation, reduce the pest that receives of fungus stick, make the fungus stick can be summer over safely.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.