阅读说明：本技术 显示装置 (Display device ) 是由 延恩京 金佳娜 卢正训 安以埈 于 2020-02-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：显示装置包括显示面板、设置在显示面板的第一表面上的支架,以及设置在显示面板的第一表面和支架的与显示面板的第一表面面对的第一表面之间的第一振动装置。第一振动装置配置成通过使显示面板和支架振动来输出第一声音并提供触觉反馈。(The display device includes a display panel, a bracket disposed on a first surface of the display panel, and a first vibration device disposed between the first surface of the display panel and a first surface of the bracket facing the first surface of the display panel. The first vibration device is configured to output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel and the stand.)

1. A display device, comprising:

a display panel;

a bracket disposed on a first surface of the display panel; and

a first vibration device disposed between the first surface of the display panel and a first surface of the bracket facing the first surface of the display panel;

wherein the first vibration device is configured to output a first sound and provide haptic feedback by vibrating the display panel and the stand.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the stand.

3. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:

a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and

a second adhesive disposed between the bracket and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bracket.

4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a first groove disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibration device.

5. The display device of claim 4, wherein a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to a bottom surface of the first slot.

6. The display device of claim 5, further comprising:

a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and

a second adhesive disposed between the bottom surface of the first tank and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bottom surface of the first tank.

7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a first aperture overlapping the first vibrating device.

8. The display device of claim 7, further comprising:

a support member that is provided on a surface of the first vibration device and supports the first vibration device.

9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the support member overlaps the first aperture.

10. The display device of claim 8, further comprising:

a fastener attaching the support member to a second surface of the bracket opposite the first surface of the bracket.

11. The display device according to claim 8, wherein at least a portion of the support member is disposed opposite to at least one side surface of the first vibration device.

12. The display device of claim 11, further comprising:

a fastener attaching the support member to a sidewall of the first aperture of the bracket.

13. The display device of claim 8, wherein the support member is disposed on the first surface of the stand.

14. The display device of claim 13, further comprising:

a fastener attaching the support member to the first surface of the bracket.

15. A display device, comprising:

a display panel;

a bracket disposed on a first surface of the display panel;

a first vibration device disposed between the first surface of the display panel and a first surface of the bracket facing the first surface of the display panel; and

a second vibration device disposed on the first surface of the display panel;

wherein the first vibration device is configured to output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel and the stand, and the second vibration device is configured to output a second sound by vibrating the display panel.

16. The display device of claim 15, wherein a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the stand.

17. The display device of claim 16, further comprising:

a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and

a second adhesive disposed between the bracket and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bracket.

18. The display device of claim 15, further comprising:

a gap provided between the second vibration device and the bracket.

19. The display device of claim 18, further comprising:

an adhesive disposed between the display panel and the second vibration device.

20. The display device of claim 15, wherein the bracket includes a first slot disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibration device and a second slot disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the second vibration device.

21. The display device of claim 20, further comprising:

a gap provided between the second surface of the second vibration device and the bottom surface of the second groove,

wherein a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel, and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to a bottom surface of the first groove, and a first surface of the second vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel.

22. The display device of claim 15, wherein the bracket includes a first slot disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibrating device and a second aperture overlapping the second vibrating device.

23. The display device of claim 22, further comprising:

a battery disposed on a second surface of the bracket opposite the first surface of the bracket,

wherein the second aperture overlaps the battery.

24. The display device of claim 15, wherein the bracket comprises a first aperture and a second aperture, the first vibration device being disposed in the first aperture, the second vibration device being disposed in the second aperture.

25. The display device of claim 24, further comprising:

a support member that is provided on a surface of the first vibration device and supports the first vibration device.

26. The display device of claim 25, wherein the support member overlaps the first aperture.

27. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the first vibration means is a linear resonance actuator that vibrates the display panel and the bracket by generating a magnetic force according to a first applied voltage using a voice coil, and the second vibration means is a piezoelectric element that vibrates the display panel using a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to a second applied voltage.

28. The display device of claim 27, wherein the first vibration device comprises:

the voice coil having a first end to which a first driving voltage is applied and a second end to which a second driving voltage is applied;

a magnet having a first surface with a voice coil groove disposed therein for receiving the voice coil;

an elastic body disposed on a second surface of the magnet opposite to the first surface of the magnet; and

and the bottom frame is arranged on the elastic body.

29. The display device of claim 27, wherein the second vibration device comprises:

a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied;

a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied; and

a vibration layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and having a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to the first driving voltage applied to the first electrode and the second driving voltage applied to the second electrode.

Technical Field

Exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept relate to a display device, and more particularly, to a display device capable of outputting sound and tactile feedback.

Background

As technology advances, the demand for various forms of display devices for displaying images is increasing. For example, display devices are being used with various electronic devices, such as, for example, smart phones, digital cameras, notebook computers, navigation devices, and smart televisions. The display device may include a display panel for displaying images, a vibration device for providing sound, and another vibration device for providing a tactile interface to a user.

Disclosure of Invention

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a display device capable of providing both sound and tactile interfaces by using one vibration device.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a display device includes: a display panel; a bracket disposed on a first surface of the display panel; and a first vibration device disposed between the first surface of the display panel and the first surface of the bracket facing the first surface of the display panel. The first vibration device is configured to output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel and the stand.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to a first surface of the display panel, and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to a first surface of the stand.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes: a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and a second adhesive disposed between the bracket and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bracket.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bracket includes a first groove disposed in a first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to a first surface of the display panel, and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to a bottom surface of the first groove.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes: a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and a second adhesive disposed between the bottom surface of the first tank and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bottom surface of the first tank.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bracket includes a first hole overlapping with the first vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a support member disposed on a surface of the first vibration device and supporting the first vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the support member overlaps the first aperture.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further comprises a fastener attaching the support member to a second surface of the stand opposite the first surface of the stand.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the support member is disposed opposite to at least one side surface of the first vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a fastener attaching the support member to a sidewall of the first hole of the bracket.

In an exemplary embodiment, the support member is disposed on the first surface of the bracket.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further comprises a fastener attaching the support member to the first surface of the stand.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a display device includes: a display panel; a bracket disposed on a first surface of the display panel; a first vibration device disposed between a first surface of the display panel and a first surface of the bracket facing the first surface of the display panel; and a second vibration device disposed on the first surface of the display panel. The first vibration device is configured to output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel and the stand, and the second vibration device is configured to output a second sound by vibrating the display panel.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first surface of the first vibration device is attached to a first surface of the display panel, and a second surface of the first vibration device is attached to a first surface of the stand.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes: a first adhesive disposed between the display panel and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the display panel; and a second adhesive disposed between the bracket and the first vibration device and attaching the first vibration device to the bracket.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a gap disposed between the second vibration device and the bracket.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes an adhesive disposed between the display panel and the second vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bracket includes a first groove disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibration device and a second groove disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the second vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a gap disposed between the second surface of the second vibration device and the bottom surface of the second groove. The first surface of the first vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel, and the second surface of the first vibration device is attached to the bottom surface of the first groove, and the first surface of the second vibration device is attached to the first surface of the display panel.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bracket includes a first groove disposed in the first surface of the bracket and overlapping the first vibration device, and a second hole overlapping the second vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a battery disposed on a second surface of the stand opposite to the first surface of the stand. The second aperture overlaps the battery.

In an exemplary embodiment, the bracket includes a first hole in which the first vibration device is disposed and a second hole in which the second vibration device is disposed.

In an exemplary embodiment, the display device further includes a support member disposed on a surface of the first vibration device and supporting the first vibration device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the support member overlaps the first aperture.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first vibration means is a Linear Resonance Actuator (LRA) that vibrates the display panel and the supporter by generating a magnetic force according to a first applied voltage using a voice coil, and the second vibration means is a piezoelectric element that vibrates the display panel using a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to a second applied voltage.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first vibration device includes: a voice coil having a first terminal to which a first driving voltage is applied and a second terminal to which a second driving voltage is applied; a magnet having a first surface in which a voice coil groove for receiving a voice coil is disposed; an elastic body disposed on a second surface of the magnet opposite to the first surface of the magnet; and a chassis disposed on the elastic body.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second vibration device includes: a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied; a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied; and a vibration layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and having a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to a first driving voltage applied to the first electrode and a second driving voltage applied to the second electrode.

According to the above and other exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept, the display device includes a first vibration device attached to and vibrating both the display panel and the stand. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments may output the first sound by vibrating the display panel using the first vibration device, and provide the haptic feedback by vibrating the stand using the first vibration device. That is, both the sound and the tactile interface may be provided by using one vibration device according to an exemplary embodiment.

Drawings

The above and other features of the present inventive concept will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the display device of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel attached to the cover window of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket attached to the bottom of the display panel of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of an example of a main circuit board disposed on the bracket of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I' of the display panel of fig. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the display panel of fig. 3 taken along line II-II' according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the display panel of fig. 3 taken along line III-III' according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a detailed sectional view of a display region of the display panel of fig. 6 to 8.

Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the first vibration device shown in fig. 7 and 8.

Fig. 11 is a detailed sectional view of the second vibration device shown in fig. 6 and 8.

Fig. 12 illustrates a method of vibrating a vibration layer provided between a first diverging electrode and a second diverging electrode of the second vibration device illustrated in fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a graph of frequency versus Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of each of a first sound output by the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment, a second sound output by the second vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment, and a sound output by a conventional speaker.

Fig. 14A is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental tone and the harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment with SPL when the first vibration device is attached only to the display panel.

Fig. 14B is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental tone and the harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment when the first vibration device is attached to only the bracket, versus the SPL.

Fig. 14C is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental and harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment versus SPL when the first vibration device is attached to both the display panel and the stand.

Fig. 15 is a graph of the frequency of the first sound output versus the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) when the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to the display panel, when the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to the bracket, and when the first vibration device according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to both the display panel and the bracket.

Fig. 16 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket attached to a bottom of a display panel according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV' of an example of the bracket of fig. 16, according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 18 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket attached to a bottom of a display panel according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V' of the stent of FIG. 18 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 20 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket attached to a bottom of a display panel according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI' of the stent of FIG. 20, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI' of the stent of FIG. 20, according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 23 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket attached to a bottom of a display panel according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII' of the stent of fig. 23 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of implementing a sound mode and a haptic mode of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 26 and 27 illustrate sound output according to three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment in a call mode.

Fig. 28 is a bottom view of an example of the display panel of fig. 2 attached to the cover window of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout.

It will be understood that when an element such as a film, region, layer or element is referred to as being "on," "connected to," "coupled to" or "adjacent to" another element, it can be directly on, connected to, coupled to or adjacent to the other element or intervening elements may be present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only element between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "covered" by another element, it can be the only element covering the other element, or one or more intervening elements may also cover the other element. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner.

It will be further understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used herein to distinguish one element from another, and are not limited by these terms. Thus, a "first" element in an exemplary embodiment may be described as a "second" element in another exemplary embodiment.

It will be further understood that the descriptions of features or aspects in each exemplary embodiment should generally be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

For convenience in description, spatially relative terms, such as "under", "below", "lower", "below", "above", "upper", and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "below" and "beneath" can encompass both an orientation of above and below.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a display device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the display device 10 of fig. 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the display device 10 according to the exemplary embodiment includes a cover window 100, a display panel 300, a display circuit board 310, a display driver circuit 320, a flexible film 390, a first vibration device 510, a second vibration device 520, a support 600, a main circuit board 700, and a lower cover 900.

In this specification, the term "above" denotes a direction in which the cover window 100 is disposed with respect to the display panel 300 (i.e., a Z-axis direction), and the term "below" denotes a direction in which the stand 600 is disposed with respect to the display panel 300 (i.e., a direction opposite to the Z-axis direction). Further, "left", "right", "upper", and "lower" indicate directions when the display panel 300 is viewed in a plan view. For example, "left" indicates a direction opposite to the X-axis direction, "right" indicates the X-axis direction, "up" indicates the Y-axis direction, and "down" indicates a direction opposite to the Y-axis direction.

The display device 10 may be rectangular in plan view. For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the display device 10 may have a rectangular planar shape having a short side in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a long side in a second direction (Y-axis direction). Each corner where a short side extending in the first direction (X-axis direction) intersects a long side extending in the second direction (Y-axis direction) may be rounded with a predetermined curvature or may be at a right angle. The planar shape of the display device 10 is not limited to a rectangular shape. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the planar shape of the display device 10 may be another polygonal shape, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape.

The display device 10 may include a first region DR1 formed to be substantially flat and a second region DR2 extending from right and left sides of the first region DR 1. The second region DR2 may be formed to be substantially flat or curved. When the second region DR2 is formed to be substantially flat, an angle formed by the first region DR1 and the second region DR2 may be an obtuse angle. When the second region DR2 is formed to be curved, the second region DR2 may have a constant curvature or a varying curvature.

In fig. 1, the second region DR2 extends from each of right and left sides of the first region DR 1. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the second region DR2 may extend from only one of the right and left sides of the first region DR 1. Alternatively, in an exemplary embodiment, the second region DR2 may extend not only from the right and left sides of the first region DR1, but also from at least any one of the upper and lower sides of the first region DR 1. The case where the second region DR2 is disposed at the right and left edges of the display device 10 will be mainly described below.

The cover window 100 may be disposed on the display panel 300 to cover an upper surface of the display panel 300. Accordingly, the cover window 100 may serve to protect the upper surface of the display panel 300.

The cover window 100 may include a light-transmitting portion DA100 corresponding to the display panel 300 and a light-shielding portion NDA100 corresponding to a region outside the display panel 300. The cover window 100 may be disposed in the first region DR1 and the second region DR 2. The light-transmitting portion DA100 may be disposed in a portion of the first region DR1 and a portion of each of the second regions DR 2. The light shielding portion NDA100 may be opaque. Alternatively, the light shielding portion NDA100 may be formed as a decoration layer having a pattern, which may be displayed to a user when an image is not displayed.

The display panel 300 may be disposed under the cover window 100. The display panel 300 may overlap the light-transmitting portion DA100 of the cover window 100. The display panel 300 may be disposed in the first region DR1 and the second region DR 2. Accordingly, the image of the display panel 300 may be viewed not only in the first region DR1 but also in the second region DR 2.

The display panel 300 may be a light emitting display panel including light emitting elements. For example, the display panel 300 may be an organic light emitting display panel using organic light emitting diodes including organic light emitting layers, a micro light emitting diode display panel using micro light emitting diodes, a quantum dot light emitting display panel including quantum dot light emitting diodes including quantum dot light emitting layers, or an inorganic light emitting display panel using inorganic light emitting elements including inorganic semiconductors. The case where the display panel 300 is an organic light emitting display panel will be mainly described below.

The display circuit board 310 and the display driver circuit 320 may be attached to a side of the display panel 300. The end portion of the display circuit board 310 may be attached to a pad provided on the side portion of the display panel 300 by using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The display circuit board 310 may be, for example, a flexible printed circuit board that is bendable, a rigid printed circuit board that is rigid and cannot be easily bent, or a composite printed circuit board that includes both the rigid printed circuit board and the flexible printed circuit board.

The display driver circuit 320 receives the control signal and the supply voltage through the display circuit board 310 and generates and outputs a signal and a voltage for driving the display panel 300. The display driver circuit 320 may be formed as an integrated circuit and attached to the display panel 300 using, for example, a Chip On Glass (COG) method, a Chip On Plastic (COP) method, or an ultrasonic method. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, display driver circuit 320 may be attached to display circuit board 310.

A touch driver circuit 330 may be disposed on the display circuit board 310. Touch driver circuit 330 may be formed as an integrated circuit and attached to the upper surface of display circuit board 310. The touch driver circuit 330 may be electrically connected to the touch electrodes of the touch sensor layer of the display panel 300 through the display circuit board 310. The touch driver circuit 330 may transmit a touch driving signal to a driving electrode among the touch electrodes. The touch driver circuit 330 may output touch data including touch coordinates of a user by detecting a change in capacitance between a driving electrode and a sensing electrode among the touch electrodes.

The first vibration driver circuit 340 and the second vibration driver circuit 350 may be disposed on the display circuit board 310. First vibration driver circuit 340 receives first vibration data from main processor 710. The first vibration driver circuit 340 generates a first driving voltage and a second driving voltage according to the first vibration data, and outputs the first driving voltage and the second driving voltage to the first vibration device 510. The second vibration driver circuit 350 receives second vibration data from the main processor 710. The second vibration driver circuit 350 generates a third driving voltage and a fourth driving voltage according to the second vibration data, and outputs the third driving voltage and the fourth driving voltage to the second vibration device 520.

A power supply circuit for supplying a display driving voltage to drive the display driver circuit 320 may be disposed on the display circuit board 310. The display driving voltage for driving the display panel 300, the first and second driving voltages for driving the first vibration device 510, and the third and fourth driving voltages for driving the second vibration device 520 may be generated and supplied by different circuits, respectively. Accordingly, the display driving voltage for driving the display panel 300, the first and second driving voltages for driving the first vibration device 510, and the third and fourth driving voltages for driving the second vibration device 520 may be prevented from affecting each other. Therefore, if there is a problem with respect to one of the above-described drive voltages, it is possible to prevent the problem from causing another problem with respect to the other drive voltages.

The side portion of the flexible film 390 may be attached to the upper surface of the display panel 300 from above the display panel 300 using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The other side of the flexible film 390 may be attached to the upper surface of the display circuit board 310 from above the display circuit board 310 using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The flexible membrane 390 may be a bendable flexible membrane.

In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible film 390 may be omitted and the display circuit board 310 may be directly attached to a side of the display panel 300. In this case, the side of the display panel 300 may be bent toward the lower surface of the display panel 300.

The first and second vibration devices 510 and 520 may be disposed on the surface of the display panel 300. The first vibration means 510 may be, for example, a Linear Resonant Actuator (LRA) that vibrates the display panel 300 and the stand 600 by generating a magnetic force according to an applied voltage using a voice coil. The second vibration device 520 may be, for example, a piezoelectric element or a piezoelectric actuator that vibrates the display panel 300 using a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to an applied voltage.

The stand 600 may be disposed under the display panel 300. The stand 600 may be rigid and provide structural support for the display device 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the size of the stand 600 that provides structural support throughout the entire display device 10 may substantially correspond to the size of the display device 10. The stent 600 may comprise, for example, plastic, metal, or both plastic and metal. The stand 600 may include a first camera hole CMH1, a battery hole BH through which the camera device 720 is inserted, and a cable hole CAH through which the battery 790 is disposed, the cable 314 connected to the display circuit board 310 passes, and a battery hole BH. In addition, a first groove GR1 overlapping the first vibration device 510 and a second groove GR2 overlapping the second vibration device 520 may be formed in the bracket 600. In an exemplary embodiment, a bottom surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to a bottom surface of the first groove GR1 (see fig. 8).

The main circuit board 700 and the battery 790 may be disposed under the support 600. The main circuit board 700 may be, for example, a rigid printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board.

The main circuit board 700 may include a main processor 710, a camera device 720, and a main connector 730. The camera device 720 may be disposed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the main circuit board 700, the main processor 710 may be disposed on the upper surface of the main circuit board 700, and the main connector 730 may be disposed on the lower surface of the main circuit board 700.

The main processor 710 may control all or most of the functions of the display apparatus 10. For example, the main processor 710 may output digital video data to the display driver circuit 320 through the display circuit board 310, so that the display panel 300 displays an image. Further, the main processor 710 may receive touch data from the touch driver circuit 330, determine touch coordinates of the user, and then execute an application program indicated by an icon displayed at the touch coordinates of the user.

The main processor 710 may output the first vibration data to the first vibration driver circuit 340 to vibrate the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510. The first vibration data generated in the sound mode in which the first sound is output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the first vibration device 510 may be different from the first vibration data generated in the haptic mode in which the haptic feedback is provided by vibrating the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510. The sound mode and the haptic mode are described in further detail below. Further, the main processor 710 may generate the first vibration data such that the haptic feedback is provided while the first sound is output.

Herein, it will be understood that the term "haptic feedback" does not denote a vibration that a user of the display device 10 may feel occurring only as a byproduct of the display device 10 outputting a sound (e.g., a first sound). For example, when the first sound is generated, and particularly when the volume of the first sound increases, a small amount of vibrations among the vibrations occurring in the display apparatus 10 may be noticed by the user. Such vibrations do not constitute "haptic feedback" as the term is used herein. Specifically, as used herein, the term "haptic feedback" may represent vibratory feedback specifically provided by display device 10 to convey certain information to a user by way of vibration (rather than by way of sound). Thus, as described above, the first sound may be generated and output based on the sound data, and the haptic feedback may be generated and provided based on vibration data different from the sound data.

The main processor 710 may output second vibration data to the second vibration driver circuit 350 to vibrate the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

The main processor 710 may be, for example, an application processor, a central processing unit, or a system chip formed as an integrated circuit.

As described with reference to fig. 25, the main processor 710 may provide a haptic mode and a sound mode. The sound mode may include a mono mode and a stereo mode.

In the haptic mode, the main processor 710 may provide haptic feedback by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510. In the mono mode, the main processor 710 may output a second sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520. Alternatively, in the mono mode, the main processor 710 may output the second sound of the high frequency band by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520, and output the first sound of the low frequency band by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510. In the stereo mode, the main processor 710 may output a first stereo sound as the first sound by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510, and output a second stereo sound as the second sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

Further, a sensor(s) capable of determining three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the display device 10, such as, for example, a gyro sensor and/or an acceleration sensor, may be provided on the main circuit board 700. The main processor 710 may determine the inclination of the display device 10 based on a sensor capable of determining the 3D coordinates of the display device 10.

The first vibration device 510 may be disposed adjacent to the lower side of the display panel 300 as shown in fig. 28, and the second vibration device 520 may be disposed adjacent to the upper side of the display panel 300. In this case, when the display device 10 is tilted such that the first vibration device 510 is located at a higher position than the second vibration device 520 as shown in fig. 27, the main processor 710 may determine that the first vibration device 510 is disposed adjacent to the user's ear. Accordingly, the main processor 710 may output the first sound by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510.

When the display device 10 is tilted such that the second vibration device 520 is positioned higher than the first vibration device 510 as shown in fig. 26, the main processor 710 may determine that the second vibration device 520 is disposed adjacent to the user's ear. Accordingly, the main processor 710 may output the second sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

Thus, according to an exemplary embodiment, the current use of the display apparatus 10 may be determined (e.g., based on the position of the display apparatus 10 when held by the user), and the main processor 710 may intelligently select which of the first and second vibration apparatuses 510 and 520 to use to output a sound using this information.

The camera device 720 processes image frames, such as still images or moving images, obtained by the image sensor in the camera mode and outputs the processed image frames to the main processor 710.

The cable 314 passing through the cable hole CAH of the bracket 600 may be connected to the main connector 730, thereby electrically connecting the main circuit board 700 to the display circuit board 310.

In addition, the main circuit board 700 may further include a mobile communication module capable of transmitting or receiving a wireless signal to or from, for example, at least one of a base station, an external terminal, and a server through a mobile communication network. The wireless signal may include, for example, a voice signal, a video telephony signal, or various types of data according to transmission/reception of a text/multimedia message.

The battery 790 may be disposed such that the battery 790 does not overlap the main circuit board 700 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). The battery 790 may overlap with a battery hole BH of the holder 600.

The lower cover 900 may be disposed under the bracket 600 and the main circuit board 700. The lower cover 900 may be fastened and fixed to the bracket 600. The lower cover 900 may form a lower exterior of the display device 10. The lower cover 900 may comprise, for example, plastic, metal, or both plastic and metal.

The lower cover 900 may have a second camera hole CMH2 formed therein that exposes a lower surface of the camera device 720. The position of the camera device 720 and the positions of the first and second camera holes CMH1 and CMH2 corresponding to the camera device 720 may vary and are not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2.

In fig. 1 and 2, the display device 10 outputs a first sound and provides tactile feedback by using the first vibration device 510 while outputting a second sound using the second vibration device 520. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the second vibration device 520 may be omitted from the display device 10. In this case, only the first vibration device 510 may be used to output the first sound and provide the haptic feedback.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of an example of the display panel 300 attached to the cover window 100 of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket 600 attached to the bottom of the display panel 300 of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of an example of the main circuit board 700 provided on the bracket 600 of fig. 4.

Referring to fig. 3 to 5, a panel bottom cover 400 may be disposed under the display panel 300. The panel bottom cover 400 may be attached to the lower surface of the display panel 300 by an adhesive. The adhesive may be, for example, a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA).

The panel bottom cover 400 may include at least one of a light absorbing member for absorbing light incident from the outside, a buffer member for absorbing external impact, and a heat dissipation member for effectively dissipating heat of the display panel 300.

The light absorbing member may be disposed under the display panel 300. The light-absorbing member blocks transmission of light to prevent elements (e.g., the display circuit board 310, the first vibration device 510, etc.) disposed under the light-absorbing member from being viewed from above the display panel 300. For example, the light absorbing member may prevent these components from being visible to a user when the display device 10 is in use. The light absorbing member may comprise a light absorbing material such as, for example, carbon black or a dye.

The buffer member may be disposed under the light absorbing member. The buffer member may absorb external impact to prevent the display panel 300 from being damaged, or reduce the amount of damage caused to the display panel 300. The cushioning member may be comprised of a single layer or multiple layers. For example, the cushioning member may be made of a polymer resin such as polyurethane, polycarbonate, polypropylene, or polyethylene, or may be made of an elastic material such as a sponge formed by foamed rubber, a urethane-based material, or an acrylic-based material. The cushioning member may be a cushion layer.

The heat dissipation member may be disposed under the buffer member. The heat dissipation member may include a first heat dissipation layer including, for example, graphite or carbon nanotubes, and a second heat dissipation layer formed of a metal thin film capable of shielding electromagnetic waves and having good thermal conductivity, such as, for example, copper, nickel, ferrite, or silver.

In an exemplary embodiment, the panel bottom cover 400 may be omitted. In this case, elements (such as, for example, the display circuit board 310 and the first vibration device 510) disposed on the lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400 may be disposed on the lower surface of the display panel 300 instead of the lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400.

As shown in fig. 3, the flexible film 390 attached to the side of the display panel 300 may be bent and disposed under the panel bottom cover 400. Accordingly, the display circuit board 310 attached to the side of the flexible film 390 may be disposed under the panel bottom cover 400. The display circuit board 310 disposed under the panel bottom cover 400 may be attached or adhered to the lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400 by fixing members such as, for example, screws, or adhesives such as, for example, PSA.

The display circuit board 310 may include a first circuit board 311 and a second circuit board 312. Each of the first circuit board 311 and the second circuit board 312 may be a rigid printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board. If either one of the first circuit board 311 and the second circuit board 312 is a rigid printed circuit board and the other is a flexible printed circuit board, the display circuit board 310 may be a composite printed circuit board.

In fig. 3, the second circuit board 312 extends from a side portion of the first circuit board 311 in the second direction (Y-axis direction). The width of the second circuit board 312 in the first direction (X-axis direction) may be smaller than the width of the first circuit board 311 in the first direction (X-axis direction).

The touch driver circuit 330, the first vibration driver circuit 340, and the second vibration driver circuit 350 may be disposed on a surface of the second circuit board 312, and the first connector 313, the second connector 315, and the third connector 316 may be disposed on another surface of the second circuit board 312. The first connector 313 may include an insertion portion connected to a first connection terminal provided at an end of the cable 314. The second connector 315 may include an insertion portion connected to a connection terminal provided at an end of the first flexible circuit board 560. The third connector 316 may include an insertion portion connected to a connection terminal provided at an end of the second flexible circuit board 570.

The first connection terminal provided at the end of the cable 314 can be inserted into the insertion portion of the first connector 313. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the second connection terminal provided at the other end portion of the cable 314 may be bent to be provided through a cable hole CAH penetrating the bracket 600 below the main circuit board 700, and then may be inserted into the insertion portion of the main connector 730.

The first vibration means 510 may be provided on the lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400. The first vibration device 510 may be attached to the lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400 by a first adhesive 610 (see fig. 7) such as, for example, PSA. Accordingly, the display panel 300 may be vibrated in the thickness direction (Z-axis direction) by the first vibration device 510.

The connection terminal provided at the end of the first flexible circuit board 560 may be inserted into the insertion portion of the second connector 315. The other end of the first flexible circuit board 560 may be connected to the first vibration device 510.

The connection terminal provided at the end of the second flexible circuit board 570 may be inserted into the insertion portion of the third connector 316. The other end of the second flexible circuit board 570 may be connected to the second vibration device 520.

The stent 600 may include a first slot GR1, a second slot GR2, a battery hole BH, a cable hole CAH, and a first camera hole CMH 1.

The first and second grooves GR1 and GR2 may be disposed in a first surface of the bracket 600. The first surface of the bracket 600 may be a surface facing the panel bottom cover 400. The first and second grooves GR1 and GR2 may be grooves cut into the first surface of the stent 600. The battery aperture BH, cable aperture CAH, and first camera aperture CMH1 may be apertures through the bracket 600.

In fig. 4, the first groove GR1 is provided above the battery hole BH in plan view. However, the position of the first groove GR1 is not limited to this position. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the first groove GR1 may be disposed to overlap the first vibration device 510 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). Thus, the first groove GR1 may provide a location into which the first vibration device 510 may be disposed. That is, since the first groove GR1 is a groove for accommodating the first vibration device 510, the position of the first groove GR1 may be changed according to the position of the first vibration device 510.

In fig. 4, a second groove GR2 is provided between the first camera hole CMH1 and the battery hole BH in a plan view. However, the position of the second groove GR2 is not limited to this position. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the second groove GR2 may be disposed to overlap the second vibration device 520 in the third direction (Z-axis direction), and may be disposed such that it does not overlap the battery hole BH, the cable hole CAH, and the first camera hole CMH 1. Thus, the second groove GR2 may provide a location into which the second vibration device 520 may be disposed. Since the second groove GR2 serves as a sound box for the second vibration device 520, the position of the second groove GR2 may be varied according to the position of the second vibration device 520. For example, the second groove GR2 including an open area may help transmit sound from the display device 10 such that the volume and quality of the sound is sufficient for the user to hear the sound.

Since the battery hole BH is a hole for accommodating a battery, the battery 790 may overlap the battery hole BH in the third direction (Z-axis direction), as shown in fig. 5. The cell aperture BH can be larger in size than the cell 790, as shown in fig. 5. In addition, the first flexible circuit board 560 for connecting the first vibration means 510 and the display circuit board 310 may overlap the battery hole BH in a third direction (Z-axis direction), as shown in fig. 4.

Since the first camera hole CMH1 of the stand 600 is a hole for receiving the camera device 720 of the main circuit board 700, the camera device 720 may overlap the first camera hole CMH1 in the third direction (Z-axis direction).

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 3 to 5, the first vibration device 510 may be electrically connected to the display circuit board 310 through the first flexible circuit board 560, the second vibration device 520 may be electrically connected to the display circuit board 310 through the second flexible circuit board 570, and the main circuit board 700 and the display circuit board 310 may be electrically connected to each other through the cable 314.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I' of the display panel 300 of fig. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II' of the display panel 300 of fig. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the display panel 300 of fig. 3 taken along line III-III' according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to fig. 6 to 8, the display panel 300 may include a substrate SUB1, a pixel array layer PAL, and a polarizing film PF.

The substrate SUB1 may be a rigid substrate, or a flexible substrate that can be bent, folded, and/or rolled. The substrate SUB1 may be made of an insulating material such as, for example, glass, quartz, or polymer resin. The polymeric material may be, for example, Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyacrylate (PA), Polyarylate (PAR), Polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), Polyimide (PI), Polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CAT), Cellulose Acetate Propionate (CAP), or a combination thereof. Substrate SUB1 may also comprise a metallic material.

The pixel array layer PAL may be disposed on the substrate SUB 1. The pixel array layer PAL may include pixels PX for displaying an image. As shown in fig. 9, the pixel array layer PAL may include a thin-film transistor layer 303, a light emitting element layer 304, and a thin-film encapsulation layer 305.

The polarizing film PF may be disposed on the pixel array layer PAL, and may prevent a reduction in visibility due to reflection of external light. The polarizing film PF may include a linear polarizer and a retardation film such as a quarter-wavelength (λ/4) plate. For example, a retardation film may be disposed on the pixel array layer PAL, and a linear polarizer may be disposed between the retardation film and the cover window 100.

The panel bottom cover 400 may be disposed on a first surface of the display panel 300, and the cover window 100 may be disposed on a second surface of the display panel 300, which is a surface opposite to the first surface. That is, the panel bottom cover 400 may be disposed on the lower surface of the substrate SUB1 of the display panel 300, and the cover window 100 may be disposed on the upper surface of the polarizing film PF.

One side of the flexible film 390 may be attached to a side of the substrate SUB1 and the other side of the flexible film 390 may be attached to a side of the display circuit board 310. One side of the flexible film 390 may be attached to the surface of the substrate SUB1 by using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The other side of the flexible film 390 may be attached to the first surface of the display circuit board 310 by using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. A second surface of the display circuit board 310 may face the panel bottom cover 400, and the second surface of the display circuit board 310 is a surface opposite to the first surface.

Although the driver circuit 320 is shown in fig. 6 as being disposed on the surface of the flexible film 390, the exemplary embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the display driver circuit 320 may be disposed on another surface of the flexible film 390 opposite to the above surface. The other surface of the flexible film 390 may be a surface to which the surface of the substrate SUB1 and the first surface of the display circuit board 310 are attached.

The display circuit board 310 may be disposed on a lower surface of the panel bottom cover 400. The display circuit board 310 may be fixed to the panel bottom cover 400 by a fixing member such as, for example, a screw.

Touch driver circuit 330, first vibration driver circuit 340, and second vibration driver circuit 350 may be disposed on a first surface of display circuit board 310. The first connector 313, the second connector 315, and the third connector 316 may be disposed on a second surface of the display circuit board 310.

The first vibration means 510 may be disposed between the panel bottom cover 400 and the bracket 600. A first surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to the panel bottom cover 400 by a first adhesive 610, and a second surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to the bracket 600 by a second adhesive 620. For example, a second surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to a bottom surface of the first groove GR1 of the bracket 600 by the second adhesive 620.

The first vibration device 510 may be attached to the panel bottom cover 400 and the bracket 600. Accordingly, the display panel 300 and the stand 600 may be vibrated by the vibration of the first vibration device 510. For example, the first vibration device 510 may output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600. The first adhesive 610 and the second adhesive 620 may be, for example, PSAs.

The first flexible circuit board 560 may be attached to the second surface of the first vibration device 510. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the second adhesive 620 does not overlap the first flexible circuit board 560 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). Alternatively, the second adhesive 620 may be provided on the first flexible circuit board 560 attached to the second surface of the first vibration device 510.

As shown in fig. 7, in an exemplary embodiment, the first vibration device 510 is disposed between a first surface (e.g., a lower surface) of the panel bottom cover 400 and a first surface (e.g., an upper surface) of the bracket 600 facing the first surface of the panel bottom cover 400. For example, a first surface (e.g., an upper surface) of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to a first surface of the panel bottom cover 400, and a second surface (e.g., a lower surface) of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to a first surface of the bracket 600. The position of the first vibration device 510 allows the first vibration device 510 to output a first sound and provide tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600.

The second vibration device 520 may be disposed between the panel bottom cover 400 and the bracket 600. The first surface of the second vibration device 520 may be attached to the panel bottom cover 400 by a third adhesive 630. The second vibration device 520 may be attached to the panel bottom cover 400. Accordingly, the display panel 300 may be vibrated by the vibration of the second vibration device 520. For example, the second vibration device 520 may output the second sound by vibrating the display panel 300. The third adhesive 630 may be, for example, a PSA.

The second flexible circuit board 570 may be attached to a second surface of the second vibration device 520. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the third adhesive 630 does not overlap the second flexible circuit board 570 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). Alternatively, a third adhesive 630 may be disposed on the second flexible circuit board 570 attached to the second surface of the second vibration device 520.

A gap may be provided between the second vibration device 520 and the bracket 600. The gap between the second vibration device 520 and the stand 600 may serve as a sound box for the second sound output when the display panel 300 is vibrated by the second vibration device 520.

When the first and second vibration devices 510 and 520 are disposed on the heat dissipation member of the panel bottom cover 400, the first heat dissipation layer of the heat dissipation member may be damaged due to the vibration of the first and second vibration devices 510 and 520. Accordingly, the heat dissipation member may be removed from the region in which the first and second vibration devices 510 and 520 are disposed. In this case, the first and second vibration devices 510 and 520 may be attached to the lower surface of the buffering member. Alternatively, the buffering member and the heat dissipation member may be removed from the region where the first vibration device 510 and the second vibration device 520 are disposed. In this case, the first and second vibration devices 510 and 520 may be attached to the lower surface of the light absorbing member.

The first flexible circuit board 560 may be attached to the second surface of the first vibration device 510 using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The lead of the first flexible circuit board 560 may be connected to an end of the voice coil of the first vibration device 510. Connection terminals provided at an end of the first flexible circuit board 560 may be connected to the leads. The connection terminal of the first flexible circuit board 560 may be inserted into the insertion portion of the second connector 315. The first flexible circuit board 560 may be, for example, a Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) or a flexible film.

The second flexible circuit board 570 may be attached to the second surface of the second vibration device 520 using, for example, an anisotropic conductive film. The lead of the second flexible circuit board 570 may be connected to an end of the voice coil of the second vibration device 520. Connection terminals provided at an end of the second flexible circuit board 570 may be connected to the leads. The connection terminal of the second flexible circuit board 570 can be inserted into the insertion portion of the third connector 316. The second flexible circuit board 570 may be, for example, an FPC or a flexible film.

According to the exemplary embodiments shown in fig. 6 to 8, since the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600, the first vibration device 510 may vibrate both the display panel 300 and the stand 600. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiment outputs the first sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the first vibration device 510, and provides the haptic feedback by vibrating the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510. Thus, according to an exemplary embodiment, both the acoustic and tactile interfaces may be provided using one vibration device.

In addition, since the second vibration device 520 is attached to the display panel 300, the second vibration device 520 may also vibrate the display panel 300. Accordingly, the second sound may be output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

Fig. 9 is a detailed sectional view of a display region of the display panel 300 of fig. 6 to 8.

Referring to fig. 9, the display panel 300 may include a substrate SUB1 and a pixel array layer PAL. The pixel array layer PAL may include a thin film transistor layer 303, a light emitting element layer 304, and a thin film encapsulation layer 305.

A buffer layer 302 may be formed on the substrate SUB 1. A buffer layer 302 may be formed on the substrate SUB1 to protect the thin film transistor 335 and the light emitting element from moisture introduced through the substrate SUB1 that may be susceptible to moisture penetration. The buffer layer 302 may be composed of a plurality of inorganic layers alternately stacked. For example, the buffer layer 302 may be formed from silicon oxide (SiO)_x) Layer, silicon nitride (SiN)_x) And a plurality of layers in which one or more inorganic layers selected from the layers and the SiON layer are alternately stacked. In an exemplary embodiment, the buffer layer 302 may be omitted.

Thin-film-transistor layer 303 is formed on buffer layer 302. Thin-film transistor layer 303 includes thin-film transistor 335, gate insulating layer 336, interlayer insulating film 337, protective layer 338, and planarization layer 339.

Each of the thin film transistors 335 includes an active layer 331, a gate electrode 332, a source electrode 333, and a drain electrode 334. In fig. 9, each of the thin film transistors 335 is formed in a top gate type in which a gate electrode 332 is positioned above an active layer 331. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, each of the thin film transistors 335 may be formed in a bottom gate type in which the gate electrode 332 is positioned below the active layer 331, or a double gate type in which the gate electrode 332 is intended to be positioned above the active layer 331 and also below the active layer 331.

The active layer 331 is formed on the buffer layer 302. The active layer 331 may be made of, for example, a silicon-based semiconductor material or an oxide-based semiconductor material. A light-shielding layer may be formed between the buffer layer 302 and the active layer 331, and the light-shielding layer may block external light from entering the active layer 331.

A gate insulating layer 336 may be formed on the active layer 331. The gate insulating layer 336 may be an inorganic layer such as, for example, SiO_xLayer, SiN_xA layer or a multilayer consisting of these layers.

The gate electrode 332 and the gate line may be formed on the gate insulating layer 336. Each of the gate electrode 332 and the gate line may be a single layer or a multi-layer made of, for example, any one or more of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and an alloy thereof.

An interlayer insulating film 337 may be formed on the gate electrode 332 and the gate line. The interlayer insulating film 337 may be, for example, SiO_xLayer, SiN_xA layer or a multi-layered inorganic layer composed of these layers.

A source electrode 333, a drain electrode 334, and a data line may be formed on the interlayer insulating film 337. Each of the source electrode 333 and the drain electrode 334 may be connected to the active layer 331 through a contact hole passing through the gate insulating layer 336 and the interlayer insulating film 337. Each of the source electrode 333, the drain electrode 334, and the data line may be a single layer or a multilayer made of, for example, any one or more of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and an alloy thereof.

A protective layer 338 for insulating the thin film transistor 335 may be formed on the source electrode 333, the drain electrode 334, and the data line. Protective layer 338 may be, for example, SiO_xLayer, SiN_xLayers or from theseA multilayered inorganic layer of layers.

A planarization layer 339 may be formed on the protection layer 338 to planarize a step caused by the thin film transistor 335. The planarization layer 339 may be made of an organic layer such as, for example, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

Light-emitting element layer 304 is formed on thin-film transistor layer 303. The light emitting element layer 304 includes light emitting elements and a pixel defining layer 344.

A light emitting element and a pixel defining layer 344 are formed on the planarization layer 339. The light emitting elements may be organic light emitting devices each including an anode 341, a light emitting layer 342, and a cathode 343.

The anode 341 may be formed on the planarization layer 339. The anode electrode 341 may be connected to the source electrode 333 or the drain electrode 334 of the thin film transistor 335 through a contact hole passing through the protective layer 338 and the planarizing layer 339.

The pixel defining layer 344 may be formed on the planarization layer 339, and may cover an edge of the anode 341 to define the pixel PX. For example, the pixel defining layer 344 may be used as a pixel defining layer for defining the pixels PX. Each of the pixels PX is a region in which the anode 341, the light emitting layer 342, and the cathode 343 are sequentially stacked, so that holes from the anode 341 and electrons from the cathode 343 are recombined together in the light emitting layer 342 to emit light.

A light emitting layer 342 is formed on the anode 341 and the pixel defining layer 344. The light emitting layer 342 may be an organic light emitting layer. Each of the light emitting layers 342 may emit one of red light, green light, and blue light. Alternatively, the luminescent layer 342 may be a white light emitting layer that emits white light. In this case, the light emitting layer 342 may be a stack of a red light emitting layer, a green light emitting layer, and a blue light emitting layer, and may be a common layer common to all of the pixels PX. In this case, the display panel 300 may further include color filters for displaying red, green, and blue.

Each of the light emitting layers 342 may include a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer. Further, each of the light emitting layers 342 may be formed in a tandem structure of two or more stacks, in which case a charge generation layer may be formed between the stacks.

The cathode 343 is formed on the light emitting layer 342. The cathode 343 may be formed to cover the light emitting layer 342. The cathode 343 may be a common layer common to all of the pixels PX.

When the light emitting element layer 304 is formed as a top emission type that emits light in an upward direction, the anode 341 may be made of a metal material having a high reflectance such as, for example, a stacked structure of aluminum and titanium (Ti/Al/Ti), a stacked structure of aluminum and indium tin oxide (ITO/Al/ITO), an APC alloy, or a stacked structure of an APC alloy and indium tin oxide (ITO/APC/ITO). The APC alloy is an alloy of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu). In addition, the cathode 343 may be made of a semi-transmissive conductive material such as magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of Mg and Ag, or a transparent conductive material (TCO) capable of transmitting light such as, for example, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO). When the cathode 343 is made of a semi-transmissive conductive material, light output efficiency can be increased by the micro-cavity.

When the light emitting element layer 304 is formed as a bottom emission type that emits light in a downward direction, the anode 341 may be made of a semi-transmissive conductive material such as, for example, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of Mg and Ag, or a transparent conductive material (TCO) such as, for example, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO). The cathode 343 may be made of a metal material having a high reflectivity, such as, for example, a stacked structure of aluminum and titanium (Ti/Al/Ti), a stacked structure of aluminum and indium tin oxide (ITO/Al/ITO), APC alloy, or a stacked structure of APC alloy and indium tin oxide (ITO/APC/ITO). When the anode 341 is made of a semi-transmissive conductive material, light output efficiency can be increased by the micro-cavity.

A thin film encapsulation layer 305 is formed on the light emitting element layer 304. Thin film encapsulation layer 305 may be used to prevent oxygen or moisture from penetrating light-emitting layer 342 and cathode 343. To this end, the thin film encapsulation layer 305 may include at least one inorganic layer. The inorganic layer may be made of, for example, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium oxide. In addition, the thin film encapsulation layer 305 may further include at least one organic layer. The organic layer may be formed to a sufficient thickness to prevent particles from penetrating through the thin film encapsulation layer 305 and entering the light emitting layer 342 and the cathode 343. The organic layer may include, for example, any one of epoxy, acrylate, and urethane acrylate.

A touch sensor layer may be formed on the thin film encapsulation layer 305. When the touch sensor layer is directly disposed on the thin film encapsulation layer 305, the thickness of the display device 10 may be reduced, as compared to when a separate touch panel is attached to the thin film encapsulation layer 305.

The touch sensor layer may include a touch electrode for sensing a touch of a user using a capacitive method and a touch line for connecting the pad and the touch electrode. For example, the touch sensor layer may sense a user's touch using a self capacitance method or a mutual capacitance method.

Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the first vibration device 510 shown in fig. 7 and 8.

Referring to fig. 10, the first vibration means 510 may be an LRA that vibrates the display panel 300 by generating magnetic force using a voice coil. The first vibration device 510 may include a lower chassis 501, a flexible circuit board 502, a voice coil 503, a magnet 504, a spring 505, and an upper chassis 506.

The lower chassis 501 and the upper chassis 506 may be made of a metal material. The flexible circuit board 502 is disposed on a surface of the lower chassis 501 facing the upper chassis 506, and is connected to the first flexible circuit board 560. The voice coil 503 may be connected to a surface of the flexible circuit board 502 facing the upper chassis 506. Accordingly, one end portion of the voice coil 503 may be electrically connected to any one of the lead lines of the first flexible circuit board 560, and the other end portion of the voice coil 503 may be connected to another one of the lead lines. The magnet 504 may be a permanent magnet, and a voice coil groove 504a for receiving the voice coil 503 may be formed in a surface facing the voice coil 503. An elastic body such as a spring 505 may be disposed between the magnet 504 and the upper chassis 506.

The direction of the current flowing through the voice coil 503 may be controlled by a first driving voltage applied to one end portion of the voice coil 503 and a second driving voltage applied to the other end portion of the voice coil 503. An applied magnetic field may be formed around the voice coil 503 according to a current flowing through the voice coil 503. For example, the direction of the current flowing through the voice coil 503 when the first driving voltage is a positive voltage and the second driving voltage is a negative voltage is opposite to the direction of the current flowing through the voice coil 503 when the first driving voltage is a negative voltage and the second driving voltage is a positive voltage. The attractive force and the repulsive force alternately act on the magnet 504 and the voice coil 503 according to Alternating Current (AC) driving of the first driving voltage and the second driving voltage. Thus, the magnet 504 may reciprocate between the voice coil 503 and the upper chassis 506 due to the spring 505.

The vibration generated by the reciprocating motion of the magnet 504 can be transmitted to both the lower chassis 501 and the upper chassis 506. Accordingly, the lower chassis 501 may be placed to face the stand 600, and the upper chassis 506 may be placed to face the display panel 300. Alternatively, the lower chassis 501 may face the display panel 300, and the upper chassis 506 may face the stand 600.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 10, the reciprocating motion of the magnet 504 of the first vibration device 510 may cause the display panel 300 to vibrate to output the first sound and the stand 600 to vibrate to provide the tactile feedback.

Fig. 11 is a detailed sectional view of the second vibration device 520 shown in fig. 6 and 8. Fig. 12 illustrates a method of vibrating the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first and second branch electrodes 5122 and 5132 of the second vibration device 520 illustrated in fig. 11.

Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the second vibration device 520 may be a piezoelectric element or a piezoelectric actuator that vibrates the display panel 300 using a piezoelectric material that contracts or expands according to an applied voltage. The second vibration device 520 may include a vibration layer 511, a first electrode 512, and a second electrode 513.

First electrode 512 may include a first stem electrode 5121 and a first branch electrode 5122. As shown in fig. 11, a first dry electrode 5121 may be disposed on at least one side surface of the vibration layer 511. Alternatively, the first dry electrode 5121 may penetrate a portion of the vibration layer 511. The first dry electrode 5121 may also be disposed on the upper surface of the vibration layer 511. The first branch electrode 5122 may branch from the first stem electrode 5121. The first branch electrodes 5122 may be arranged in parallel with each other.

The second electrode 513 may include a second stem electrode 5131 and a second branch electrode 5132. The second electrode 513 may be spaced apart from the first electrode 512 and electrically insulated from the first electrode 512. The second dry electrode 5131 may be disposed on at least one side surface of the vibration layer 511. In this case, the first dry electrode 5121 may be disposed on the first side surface of the vibration layer 511, and the second dry electrode 5131 may be disposed on the second side surface of the vibration layer 511. Alternatively, the second dry electrode 5131 may penetrate a portion of the vibration layer 511. The second dry electrode 5131 may be disposed on the upper surface of the vibration layer 511. The second branch electrode 5132 may branch from the second stem electrode 5131. The second branch electrodes 5132 may be arranged in parallel with each other.

The first and second branch electrodes 5122 and 5132 may be arranged in parallel to each other in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction or Y-axis direction). Further, the first and second diverging electrodes 5122 and 5132 may be alternately arranged in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). For example, the first and second branch electrodes 5122 and 5132 may be repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) in the order of the first branch electrode 5122, the second branch electrode 5132, the first branch electrode 5122, and the second branch electrode 5132.

The first and second electrodes 512 and 513 may be connected to pads of the second flexible circuit board 570. The pads of the second flexible circuit board 570 may be connected to the first and second electrodes 512 and 513 disposed on the surface of the second vibration device 520.

The vibration layer 511 may be a piezoelectric element that is deformed according to a driving voltage applied to the first electrode 512 and a driving voltage applied to the second electrode 513. In this case, the vibration layer 511 may be any one of a piezoelectric material such as, for example, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and an electroactive polymer.

Since the generation temperature of the vibration layer 511 is high, the first electrode 512 and the second electrode 513 may be made of silver (Ag) or an alloy of Ag and palladium (Pd) having a high melting point. When the first and second electrodes 512 and 513 are made of an alloy of Ag and Pd to increase the melting point of the first and second electrodes 512 and 513, the Ag content may be higher than the Pd content.

The vibration layer 511 may be disposed between each pair of the first and second branch electrodes 5122 and 5132. The vibration layer 511 may contract or expand according to a difference between a driving voltage applied to each first branch electrode 5122 and a driving voltage applied to the corresponding second branch electrode 5132.

Referring to fig. 12, when the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 disposed below the first branch electrode 5122 is an upward direction (×) the vibration layer 511 may have a positive polarity in an upper region adjacent to the first branch electrode 5122 and a negative polarity in a lower region adjacent to the second branch electrode 5132. Further, when the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the second branch electrode 5132 and the first branch electrode 5122 disposed below the second branch electrode 5132 is the downward direction (↓), the vibration layer 511 may have the negative polarity in the upper region adjacent to the second branch electrode 5132 and the positive polarity in the lower region adjacent to the first branch electrode 5122. The polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 can be determined by a polarization process of applying an electric field to the vibration layer 511 using the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132.

When the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 disposed below the first branch electrode 5122 is the upward direction (×) as shown in fig. 12, if the driving voltage of the positive polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122 and the driving voltage of the negative polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132, the vibration layer 511 may contract in accordance with the first force F1. The first force F1 may be a compressive force. Further, if a driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122 and a driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132, the vibration layer 511 may be expanded according to the second force F2. The second force F2 may be a tensile force.

Similar to fig. 12, when the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the second branch electrode 5132 and the first branch electrode 5122 disposed below the second branch electrode 5132 is the downward direction (↓), if the driving voltage of the positive polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132 and the driving voltage of the negative polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122, the vibration layer 511 may be expanded according to the tensile force. In addition, if a driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132 and a driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122, the vibration layer 511 may be contracted according to a compressive force.

When the driving voltage applied to the first electrode 512 and the driving voltage applied to the second electrode 513 are repeatedly alternated between the positive polarity and the negative polarity, the vibration layer 511 may be repeatedly contracted and expanded, thereby causing the second vibration device 520 to vibrate. Since the second vibration device 520 is disposed on the surface of the panel bottom cover 400, when the vibration layer 511 of the second vibration device 520 contracts and expands, the display panel 300 may vibrate in a third direction (Z-axis direction) which is a thickness direction of the display panel 300 due to stress. When the display panel 300 is vibrated in this manner by the second vibration device 520, a second sound may be output.

A protective layer 519 may be additionally provided on the second surface and the side surface of the second vibration device 520. The protective layer 519 may be made of an insulating material, or may be made of the same material as the vibration layer 511. A protective layer 519 may be disposed on the first electrode 512, the second electrode 513, and the exposed vibration layer 511 not covered by the first electrode 512 and the second electrode 513. The protective layer 519 may surround the first electrode 512, the second electrode 513, and the vibration layer 511 exposed without being covered by the first electrode 512 and the second electrode 513. Accordingly, the vibration layer 511, the first electrode 512, and the second electrode 513 of the second vibration device 520 may be protected by the protection layer 519. In an exemplary embodiment, the protective layer 519 may be omitted.

Fig. 13 is a graph of frequency versus Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of each of a first sound output by the first vibration device 510 according to an exemplary embodiment, a second sound output by the second vibration device 520 according to an exemplary embodiment, and a sound output by a conventional speaker.

Fig. 13 shows a first SOUND1 output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the first vibration device 510, a second SOUND2 output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520, and a third SOUND3 output by a conventional speaker. In fig. 13, the X-axis represents frequency (Hz), and the Y-axis represents spl (db).

Referring to fig. 13, the first SOUND1 may be a low-pitched SOUND having a high SPL in a low frequency band of about 150Hz to about 500 Hz. For example, the SPL of the first SOUND1 may be about 60dB or higher at about 150Hz to about 500 Hz.

The second SOUND2 may be a high-pitched SOUND with a high SPL in a high frequency band of about 500Hz to 10 kHz. For example, the SPL of the second SOUND SOUND2 may be about 70dB or higher at about 500Hz to about 10 kHz.

The third SOUND3 may be a high-pitched SOUND having a high SPL in a high frequency band of about 500Hz to about 10 kHz. For example, the SPL of the third SOUND3 may be about 70dB or higher at about 500Hz to about 10 kHz.

Since the display device 10 can output the first SOUND1 and the second SOUND2, bass can be enhanced as compared with when the conventional speaker outputs only the third SOUND 3. Therefore, the display apparatus 10 according to the exemplary embodiment may output a bass-enhanced SOUND compared to when the conventional speaker outputs only the third SOUND 3.

Fig. 14A is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental tone and the harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment versus the SPL when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300. Fig. 14B is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental tone and the harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment versus the SPL when the first vibration device 510 is attached to only the cradle 600. Fig. 14C is a graph of the frequency of the fundamental tone and the harmonic overtones of the first sound output by the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment versus the SPL when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600.

In fig. 14A to 14C, the first sound output by the first vibrating device 510 contains a fundamental tone FT and harmonic overtones. The harmonic overtones mean overtones having frequencies that are integer multiples of the frequency of the fundamental tone FT. Fig. 14A to 14C show a first harmonic overtone HT1 corresponding to an overtone having a frequency of about twice the frequency of the fundamental tone FT, a second harmonic overtone HT2 corresponding to an overtone having a frequency of about three times the frequency of the fundamental tone FT, a third harmonic overtone HT3 corresponding to an overtone having a frequency of about four times the frequency of the fundamental tone FT, and a fourth harmonic overtone HT4 corresponding to an overtone having a frequency of about five times the frequency of the fundamental tone FT. In fig. 14A to 14C, the X-axis represents frequency (Hz), and the Y-axis represents spl (db).

Referring to fig. 14A, when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is lower than the SPL of the fourth harmonic overtone HT4 in the frequency band of about 150Hz to about 200 Hz. Furthermore, in the frequency band of about 300Hz to about 800Hz, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is lower than the SPL of the second harmonic overtone HT 2. Further, in the frequency band of about 350Hz to about 450Hz, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is lower than the SPL of the third harmonic overtone HT3 and the fourth harmonic overtone HT 4.

Referring to fig. 14B, when the first vibration device 510 is attached to the second surface of the stand 600 opposite to the first surface facing the display panel 300, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is lower than the SPL of the second harmonic overtone HT2 in the frequency band of about 600Hz to about 700 Hz.

Referring to fig. 14C, when the first vibration device 510 is attached to the first surface of the stand 600 and the display panel 300, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is higher than the SPL of each of the first harmonic overtone HT1 to the fourth harmonic overtone HT4 in the frequency band of about 150Hz to about 1 kHz.

As shown in fig. 14A to 14C, in the exemplary embodiment, when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600, the SPL of the fundamental tone FT is higher than the SPL of each of the first harmonic overtone HT1 to the fourth harmonic overtone HT4 in the frequency band of about 150Hz to about 1 kHz. However, this is not the case when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300 and when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the stand 600. Therefore, as shown in fig. 15, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the first sound output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the first vibration device 510 when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600 may be lower than the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300 and the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the stand 600.

Fig. 15 is a graph of the frequency of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to the display panel 300, when the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to the stand 600, and when the first vibration device 510 according to the exemplary embodiment is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600, versus the THD.

Referring to fig. 15, the X-axis represents frequency (Hz), and the Y-axis represents THD of the first sound. The THD of the first sound is a coefficient indicating a degree of distortion of the fundamental tone due to harmonic overtones.

In the frequency band of about 150Hz to about 1kHz, the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600 (r) is mostly lower than the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300 (c) and the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the stand 600 (c). That is, the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600 may be lower than the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300 and the THD of the first sound output when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the stand 600. Therefore, as shown in fig. 15, when the first vibration device 510 is attached to both the display panel 300 and the stand 600, it is possible to provide the first sound having a higher sound quality than when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the display panel 300 and when the first vibration device 510 is attached only to the stand 600.

Fig. 16 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket 600 attached to the bottom of the display panel 300 according to an example embodiment. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV' of the stent 600 of fig. 16 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 16 and 17 differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 8 in that: a second hole H2 is formed instead of the second groove GR 2. When referring to fig. 16 and 17, redundant description of elements and features previously described with reference to fig. 4 and 8 will be omitted for convenience of explanation.

Referring to fig. 16 and 17, the second hole H2 may be a hole passing through the bracket 600. Since the second hole H2 serves as a sound box for the second vibration device 520, the position of the second hole H2 may be changed according to the position of the second vibration device 520. When the second hole H2 is disposed to overlap the second vibration device 520 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) instead of the second groove GR2, the space of the sound box of the second sound output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520 may be increased, thereby further increasing the SPL of the second sound.

Fig. 18 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket 600 attached to the bottom of the display panel 300 according to an example embodiment. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V' of the stent 600 of FIG. 18 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 18 and 19 differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 8 in that: the second groove GR2 is omitted and the battery hole BH is provided to overlap with the second vibration device 520. When referring to fig. 18 and 19, redundant description of elements and features previously described with reference to fig. 4 and 8 will be omitted for convenience of explanation.

Referring to fig. 18 and 19, a battery hole BH is a hole passing through the bracket 600, and may be provided to overlap the battery 790 and the second vibration device 520 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). In this case, the space of the sound box of the second sound output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520 can be increased, thereby further increasing the SPL of the second sound.

The length of the battery 790 in the first direction (X-axis direction) may be greater than the length of the second vibration device 520 in the first direction (X-axis direction). Accordingly, the length of the battery hole BH in the first direction (X-axis direction) in the region overlapping with the battery 790 may be greater than the length of the battery hole BH in the first direction (X-axis direction) in the region overlapping with the second vibration device 520.

In an exemplary embodiment, the battery hole BH does not overlap the first groove GR 1. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to this case. In an exemplary embodiment in which the battery hole BH overlaps the second vibration device 520, the first groove GR1 may be omitted. In this case, the second surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to a separate support member as shown in fig. 20 to 22, and the separate support member may be attached to the bracket 600.

Fig. 20 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket 600 attached to the bottom of the display panel 300 according to an example embodiment. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI' of the stent 600 of FIG. 20 according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI' of the stent 600 of FIG. 20 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 20 to 22 is different from the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 8 in that: a first hole H1 is formed instead of the first groove GR 1. When referring to fig. 20 to 22, redundant description of elements and features previously described with reference to fig. 4 and 8 will be omitted for convenience of explanation.

Referring to fig. 20 to 22, in an exemplary embodiment, a separate support member 650 for fixing the first vibration device 510 to the stand 600 is used. The second surface of the first vibration device 510 may be attached to the support member 650 by a second adhesive 620. The support member 650 may be fixed to the surface of the stand 600 by a fixing member 660. For example, the support member 650 may be fixed to the upper surface of the stand 600 facing the display panel 300 by a fixing member 660 extending through the upper surface of the stand 600 (see fig. 21), or the support member 650 may be fixed to a side surface of the stand 600 adjacent to the upper surface of the stand 600 facing the display panel 300 by a fixing member 660 extending through the side surface of the stand 600 (see fig. 22). Accordingly, the first vibration device 510 may provide tactile feedback by vibrating the cradle 600. The support member 650 may comprise, for example, plastic, metal, or both plastic and metal. The support member 650 may be made of the same material as the bracket 600.

Referring to fig. 21, the support member 650 may include a bottom portion 651, a sidewall 652, and a fixing portion 653. In fig. 21, support member 650 includes a plurality of side walls 652 and a plurality of securing portions 653. However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, support member 650 may include only one sidewall 652 and only one fixed portion 653.

The bottom portion 651 may be formed flat in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction), and the second adhesive 620 may be attached to an upper surface of the bottom portion 651. The length of the bottom portion 651 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) may be smaller than the length of the bracket 600 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). In plan view, the shape of the bottom portion 651 may be, but is not limited to, a quadrilateral.

The side wall 652 may extend from an edge of the bottom portion 651 and extend parallel to a side wall of the first hole H1. The side wall 652 can extend from at least one side of the bottom portion 651.

Referring to the first slot GR1 shown in fig. 4 and 8, in an exemplary embodiment, the first slot GR1 does not extend completely through the bracket 600. For example, the first groove GR1 may be formed in an upper surface of the bracket 600 and may penetrate toward a lower surface of the bracket 600 without extending through the lower surface of the bracket 600. In contrast, referring to the first hole H1 shown in fig. 20-22, the first hole H1 may extend completely through the bracket 600. For example, the first hole H1 may be a through hole extending through both the upper and lower surfaces of the bracket 600. At least a portion of the support member 650 may be disposed within the first hole H1. For example, at least a portion of the side wall 652 and the bottom portion 651 of the support member 650 can be disposed within the first hole H1.

The fixing portion 653 may extend from an upper edge of the sidewall 652 and may be disposed on the first surface of the bracket 600. The fixing portion 653 may include a fixing hole into which the fixing member 660 is inserted, and the bracket 600 may include a fixing groove overlapping with the fixing hole of the fixing portion 653. The fixing member 660 may be inserted into the fixing hole of the fixing portion 653 and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 in the third direction (Z-axis direction), thereby fixing the fixing portion 653 to the bracket 600. The fixing member 660 may be a screw, the fixing hole of the fixing portion 653 may be a screw hole, and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 may be a screw groove. The securing member 660 may also be referred to as a fastener. A fastener means any component configured to physically fasten one component to another component, such as, for example, a screw, bolt, pin, and the like.

In fig. 21, the stand 600 may include a ring-shaped or hook-shaped protrusion protruding from the first surface of the stand 600, and the fixing portion 653 of the supporting member 650 may include an insertion portion into which the protrusion of the stand 600 is inserted, instead of the fixing hole. In this case, the support member 650 may be fixed to the stand 600 without the fixing member 660.

As shown in fig. 21, at least a portion of the support member 650 may be disposed opposite to at least one side surface of the first vibration device 510. For example, the sidewalls 652 of the support member 650 may be respectively disposed opposite to side surfaces of the first vibration device 510 extending from the upper surface of the first vibration device 510 to the lower surface of the first vibration device 510.

Referring to fig. 22, in an exemplary embodiment, support member 650 does not include a securing portion 653, and may include a bottom portion 651 and a sidewall 652.

The sidewall 652 may include a hole into which the fixing member 660 is inserted, and the bracket 600 may include a fixing groove overlapping with the hole of the sidewall 652. The fixing member 660 may be inserted into the hole of the sidewall 652 and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 in a direction intersecting with the third direction (Z-axis direction). Accordingly, the side wall 652 may be fixed to the bracket 600. The fixing member 660 may be a screw, the fixing hole of the sidewall 652 may be a screw hole, and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 may be a screw groove.

In order to enlarge the space of the sound box of the second sound output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520, the second groove GR2 shown in fig. 20 may be replaced with a second hole H2 as shown in fig. 16 and 17. Alternatively, the second groove GR2 shown in fig. 20 may be omitted as shown in fig. 18 and 19, and the battery hole BH may extend up to the region of the second groove GR 2.

As shown in fig. 22, at least a portion of the support member 650 may be disposed opposite to at least one side surface of the first vibration device 510. For example, the sidewalls 652 of the support member 650 may be respectively disposed opposite to side surfaces of the first vibration device 510 extending from the upper surface of the first vibration device 510 to the lower surface of the first vibration device 510.

Fig. 23 is a bottom view of an example of a bracket 600 attached to the bottom of the display panel 300 according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII' of the stent 600 of fig. 23 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 23 and 24 differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 20 to 22 in that: the support member 650 is formed to cover the first hole H1. When referring to fig. 23 and 24, redundant description of elements and features previously described with reference to fig. 20 to 22 will be omitted for convenience of explanation.

Referring to fig. 23 and 24, the support member 650 may protrude from the first hole H1 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) with respect to the second surface of the bracket 600. The support member 650 may be fixed to the second surface of the stand 600 by a fixing member 660. Accordingly, the first vibration device 510 may provide tactile feedback by vibrating the cradle 600.

As shown in fig. 24, the support member 650 may include a bottom portion 651 and a fixed portion 653. Although the support member 650 includes the plurality of fixing portions 653 in fig. 24, exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the support member 650 may include only one fixing portion 653.

The bottom portion 651 may be formed flat in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction), and the second adhesive 620 may be attached to an upper surface of the bottom portion 651. The length of the bottom portion 651 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) may be smaller than the length of the bracket 600 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). In plan view, the shape of the bottom portion 651 may be, but is not limited to, a quadrilateral.

The fixing portion 653 may extend from an edge of the bottom portion 651, and may be disposed on the second surface of the stand 600. The length of the bottom portion 651 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) may be greater than the length of the fixed portion 653 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to this case. The length of the bottom portion 651 in the third direction (Z-axis direction) may also be substantially the same as the length of the fixed portion 653 in the third direction (Z-axis direction). The fixing member 660 may be inserted into the fixing hole of the fixing portion 653 and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 in the third direction (Z-axis direction), thereby fixing the fixing portion 653 to the bracket 600. The fixing member 660 may be a screw, the fixing hole of the fixing portion 653 may be a screw hole, and the fixing groove of the bracket 600 may be a screw groove.

In order to enlarge the space of the sound box of the second sound output by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520, the second groove GR2 shown in fig. 23 may be replaced with a second hole H2 as shown in fig. 16 and 17. Alternatively, the second groove GR2 shown in fig. 23 may be omitted as shown in fig. 18 and 19, and the battery hole BH may extend up to the region of the second groove GR 2.

Fig. 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of implementing the sound mode and the tactile mode of the display device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to fig. 25, it is determined whether the display device 10 operates in the tactile mode (operation 2501). If it is determined in operation 2501 that the display device 10 operates in the tactile mode (yes), the display device 10 provides tactile feedback by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510 (operation 2502). On the contrary, if it is determined in operation 2501 that the display device 10 is not operated in the tactile mode (no), the method proceeds to operation 2503.

In operation 2503, it is determined whether the display apparatus 10 is operated in the sound mode. If it is determined in operation 2503 that the display apparatus 10 is not operated in the sound mode (NO), the method ends. On the contrary, if it is determined in operation 2503 that the display apparatus 10 operates in the sound mode (yes), the method proceeds to operation 2504.

In operation 2504, it is determined whether the display apparatus 10 is operated in a mono mode. If it is determined in operation 2504 that the display apparatus 10 is operating in the mono mode (yes), the method proceeds to operation 2505. On the contrary, if it is determined in operation 2504 that the display apparatus 10 is not operated in the mono mode (no), the method proceeds to operation 2506.

In operation 2505, the display device 10 provides sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

In operation 2506, it is determined whether the display apparatus 10 is operated in a stereo mode. If it is determined in operation 2506 that the display apparatus 10 operates in the stereo mode (yes), the method proceeds to operation 2507. Conversely, if it is determined in operation 2506 that the display device 10 is not operated in the stereo mode (no), the method ends.

In operation 2507, the display device 10 provides a first stereo sound by vibrating the display panel 300 and the stand 600 using the first vibration device 510, and provides a second stereo sound by vibrating the display panel 300 using the second vibration device 520.

Fig. 26 and 27 illustrate sound output according to three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the display device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment in the call mode.

For example, as shown in fig. 26 and 27, in an exemplary embodiment, when in the call mode, since the second vibration device 520 is closer to the user's ear than the first vibration device 510 when in the call mode, sound may be output using the second vibration device 520. Fig. 26 and 27 show the display device 10 tilted, for example, as a result of the user moving the display device 10 up and holding it to his or her ear. According to an exemplary embodiment, the display device 10 may detect such tilting motion using, for example, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, or the like, and the sound output by the display device 10 may be switched between being output by the first vibration device 510 and being output by the second vibration device 520 depending on the detected position of the display device 10.

Fig. 28 is a bottom view of an example of the display panel 300 of fig. 2 attached to the cover window 100 of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment. The elements shown in fig. 28 have been described previously. Therefore, redundant description of these elements is omitted for convenience of explanation. While the present inventive concept has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present inventive concept as defined by the following claims.