阅读说明：本技术 膜电极、单电池组件和燃料电池电堆 (Membrane electrode, single cell assembly and fuel cell stack ) 是由 沈润 袁蕴超 王利生 王海峰 朱峥栩 陈明 于 2020-06-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请提供一种膜电极、单电池组件和燃料电池电堆。该膜电极包括质子交换膜(1)、阳极碳纸(2)和阴极碳纸(3),阳极碳纸(2)位于质子交换膜(1)的第一侧,并用于与阳极板接触,阴极碳纸(3)位于质子交换膜(1)的第二侧,并用于与阴极板接触,阴极碳纸(3)的面积小于阳极碳纸(2)的面积,质子交换膜(1)的面积大于阴极碳纸(3)的面积。根据本申请的膜电极,能够提高质子交换膜的利用效率,减少质子交换膜的浪费,降低膜电极成本,进而降低燃料电池电堆的成本。(The application provides a membrane electrode, a single cell assembly and a fuel cell stack. The membrane electrode comprises a proton exchange membrane (1), anode carbon paper (2) and cathode carbon paper (3), wherein the anode carbon paper (2) is located on the first side of the proton exchange membrane (1) and is used for contacting with an anode plate, the cathode carbon paper (3) is located on the second side of the proton exchange membrane (1) and is used for contacting with a cathode plate, the area of the cathode carbon paper (3) is smaller than that of the anode carbon paper (2), and the area of the proton exchange membrane (1) is larger than that of the cathode carbon paper (3). According to the membrane electrode, the utilization efficiency of the proton exchange membrane can be improved, the waste of the proton exchange membrane is reduced, the cost of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the cost of a fuel cell stack is further reduced.)

1. The membrane electrode is characterized by comprising a proton exchange membrane (1), anode carbon paper (2) and cathode carbon paper (3), wherein the anode carbon paper (2) is located on a first side of the proton exchange membrane (1) and is used for being in contact with an anode plate, the cathode carbon paper (3) is located on a second side of the proton exchange membrane (1) and is used for being in contact with a cathode plate, the area of the cathode carbon paper (3) is smaller than that of the anode carbon paper (2), and the area of the proton exchange membrane (1) is larger than that of the cathode carbon paper (3).

2. The membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the area and size of the proton exchange membrane (1) are the same as the area and size of the anode carbon paper (2), the proton exchange membrane (1) is attached to the anode carbon paper (2) and supported by the anode carbon paper (2); and/or each edge of the cathode carbon paper (3) is positioned inside the corresponding edge of the anode carbon paper (2) and has a preset distance with the corresponding edge of the anode carbon paper (2).

3. A single cell assembly comprising a membrane electrode (6), characterized in that the membrane electrode (6) is a membrane electrode according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The cell assembly as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a single anode plate (4) and a single cathode plate (5), the membrane electrode (6) being arranged between the single anode plate (4) and the single cathode plate (5).

5. The single cell assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the single anode plate (4) and the single cathode plate (5) form a sealed space at the periphery of the membrane electrode (6), the sealed space is filled with a sealing material (7), and the sealing material (7) covers the outside of the membrane electrode (6).

6. The cell assembly of claim 5, characterized in that the portions of the anode carbon paper (2) and the proton exchange membrane (1) beyond the cathode carbon paper (3) are embedded within the sealing material (7).

7. A fuel cell stack comprising a stacked cell assembly, characterized in that the cell assembly is the cell assembly according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

8. The fuel cell stack according to claim 7, wherein when the single cell assembly includes a single anode plate (4) and a single cathode plate (5), the single anode plate (4) and the single cathode plate (5) of the adjacent single cell assembly are hermetically connected along the peripheral side by a cooling liquid gasket (31), and the cooling flow channels (15) of the single anode plate (4) and the single cathode plate (5) cooperate to form cooling channels.

9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 8, wherein the coolant gasket (31) comprises an outer ring rib (32) and an inner ring rib (33), and an annular seal compartment is formed between the outer ring rib (32) and the inner ring rib (33).

10. The fuel cell stack according to claim 9, wherein a transverse rib (34) is connected between the outer annular rib (32) and the inner annular rib (33), and the transverse ribs (34) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the sealed compartment and divide the sealed compartment into a plurality of watertight compartments.

11. The fuel cell stack according to claim 7, further comprising an upper end plate (35) and a lower end plate (36), wherein the single cell assembly is arranged between the upper end plate (35) and the lower end plate (36), at least one side of the single cell assembly is provided with a limiting structure, the limiting structure is provided with a limiting member matched with the limiting structure, and the upper end plate (35) and the lower end plate (36) limit and mount the single cell assembly through the limiting member.

12. The fuel cell stack according to claim 11, wherein the limiting structure includes a protrusion (37) provided on two oppositely-disposed first sides of the unit cell assembly, the limiting member includes a first limiting plate (38), the first limiting plate (38) has a limiting groove (39), the protrusion (37) is embedded in the limiting groove (39), and the limiting plates are fixedly provided on the upper end plate (35) and the lower end plate (36); and/or, limit structure is including setting up recess (19) on two relative second sides that set up of battery cell assembly, the locating part includes second limiting plate (40), second limiting plate (40) card is gone into in recess (19), and with upper end plate (35) with lower end plate (36) fixed connection.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a membrane electrode, a single cell assembly and a fuel cell stack.

Background

Hydrogen fuel cells are a very promising energy technology, and have many advantages over the existing conventional energy conversion technologies, including higher energy conversion efficiency, zero emission of pollutants, quiet operation without moving parts, and the like.

There are various types of hydrogen fuel cell stacks, and depending on the material of the bipolar plate, the hydrogen fuel cell stacks may be classified into a graphite stack using the bipolar plate made of graphite material, and a metal stack using the bipolar plate made of metal material.

According to the traditional hydrogen fuel cell, due to the assembly and sealing requirements, a circle of edge sealing structure needs to be arranged on the periphery of a proton exchange membrane of a membrane electrode, the size of the proton exchange membrane needs to be larger, so that the proton exchange membrane is sealed by the edge sealing structure and then sealed by a fuel cell sealing gasket, the waste of the proton exchange membrane with high price is caused, and the cost of a fuel cell stack is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a membrane electrode, a cell assembly, and a fuel cell stack, which can improve the utilization efficiency of a proton exchange membrane, reduce the waste of the proton exchange membrane, reduce the cost of the membrane electrode, and further reduce the cost of the fuel cell stack.

In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a membrane electrode, including a proton exchange membrane, anode carbon paper and cathode carbon paper, the anode carbon paper is located on a first side of the proton exchange membrane and is used for contacting with an anode plate, the cathode carbon paper is located on a second side of the proton exchange membrane and is used for contacting with a cathode plate, an area of the cathode carbon paper is smaller than an area of the anode carbon paper, and the area of the proton exchange membrane is larger than the area of the cathode carbon paper.

Preferably, the area and the size of the proton exchange membrane are the same as those of the anode carbon paper, and the proton exchange membrane is attached to the anode carbon paper and supported by the anode carbon paper; and/or each edge of the cathode carbon paper is positioned inside the corresponding edge of the anode carbon paper and has a preset distance with the corresponding edge of the anode carbon paper.

According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a single cell assembly comprising a membrane electrode which is the membrane electrode described above.

Preferably, the single cell assembly further comprises a single anode plate and a single cathode plate, the membrane electrode being disposed between the single anode plate and the single cathode plate.

Preferably, the single anode plate and the single cathode plate form a sealed space at the periphery of the membrane electrode, the sealed space is filled with a sealing material, and the sealing material is coated outside the membrane electrode.

Preferably, the portions of the anode carbon paper and the proton exchange membrane that extend beyond the cathode carbon paper are embedded within the sealing material.

According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a fuel cell stack including a stacked unit cell assembly, which is the unit cell assembly described above.

Preferably, when the single cell assembly includes a single anode plate and a single cathode plate, the single anode plate and the single cathode plate of adjacent single cell assemblies are hermetically connected along the peripheral side by a cooling liquid gasket, and the cooling flow channels of the single anode plate and the single cathode plate cooperate to form a cooling channel.

Preferably, the coolant sealing pad comprises an outer ring rib and an inner ring rib, and an annular sealed cabin is formed between the outer ring rib and the inner ring rib.

Preferably, be connected with horizontal muscle between outer loop sand grip and the inner ring sand grip, horizontal muscle sets up along the circumference interval of sealed cabin to separate into a plurality of watertight cabins with the sealed cabin.

Preferably, the fuel cell stack further comprises an upper end plate and a lower end plate, the single cell assembly is arranged between the upper end plate and the lower end plate, at least one side edge of the single cell assembly is provided with a limiting structure, a limiting part matched with the limiting structure is arranged at the limiting structure, and the upper end plate and the lower end plate limit the single cell assembly through the limiting part.

Preferably, the limiting structure comprises bumps arranged on two first opposite side edges of the single cell assembly, the limiting member comprises a first limiting plate, the first limiting plate is provided with a limiting groove, the bumps are embedded into the limiting groove, and the limiting plates are fixedly arranged on the upper end plate and the lower end plate; and/or, the limiting structure comprises grooves formed in two opposite second side edges of the single cell assembly, the limiting part comprises a second limiting plate, and the second limiting plate is clamped into the grooves and is fixedly connected with the upper end plate and the lower end plate.

The application provides a membrane electrode, including proton exchange membrane, positive pole carbon paper and negative pole carbon paper, positive pole carbon paper is located proton exchange membrane's first side to be used for with the anode plate contact, negative pole carbon paper is located proton exchange membrane's second side, and be used for with the negative plate contact, the area of negative pole carbon paper is less than the area of positive pole carbon paper, proton exchange membrane's area is greater than the area of negative pole carbon paper. This membrane electrode has adjusted the structure of carbon paper, the carbon paper structure of unequal area has been adopted, make the positive pole carbon paper area of contacting with the anode plate be greater than the negative pole carbon paper area of contacting with the negative plate, can utilize positive pole carbon paper to form effective support to proton exchange membrane, and then prop up the membrane electrode through positive pole carbon paper, thereby the structure of membrane electrode has been simplified, in addition, the structure that the positive pole carbon paper area of adopting the anode plate contact is greater than the negative pole carbon paper area of contacting with the negative plate, can also improve proton exchange membrane's utilization efficiency, reduce proton exchange membrane's waste, reduce the membrane electrode cost, and then reduce the cost of fuel cell pile.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a battery cell assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is an exploded structural view of a battery cell assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 2 at Q;

fig. 4 is a first structural view of a single cathode plate of the electric cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a second structural view of a single cathode plate of the unit cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a first structural view of a single anode plate of a single cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a second structural view of a single anode plate of a cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a fitting structural view of a single cathode plate and a first cover plate of a single cell assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a fitting structural view of a single anode plate and a third cover plate of the cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a perspective view of a coolant gasket between the unit cell assemblies of the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 10 at L;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional structural schematic view of the coolant gasket of FIG. 10;

fig. 13 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application.

The reference numerals are represented as:

1. a proton exchange membrane; 2. anode carbon paper; 3. a cathode carbon paper; 4. a single anode plate; 5. a single cathode plate; 6. a membrane electrode; 7. a sealing material; 8. an air inlet; 9. an air outlet; 10. an air flow passage; 11. a first cover plate; 12. a second cover plate; 13. a third cover plate; 14. a fourth cover plate; 15. a cooling flow channel; 16. a boss portion; 17. a stopper portion; 18. a rib is protruded; 19. a groove; 20. an air passage; 21. salient points; 22. a drainage strip; 23. supporting the side plates; 24. a hydrogen inlet; 25. a hydrogen outlet; 26. a hydrogen gas flow channel; 27. a recessed portion; 28. sinking grooves; 29. a lap joint section; 30. a hydrogen gas passage; 31. a coolant seal gasket; 32. outer ring convex strips; 33. inner ring convex strips; 34. transverse ribs; 35. an upper end plate; 36. a lower end plate; 37. a bump; 38. a first limit plate; 39. a limiting groove; 40. a second limiting plate; 41. an insulating plate; 42. and (3) a single battery assembly.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 13 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present application, a membrane electrode includes a proton exchange membrane 1, an anode carbon paper 2 and a cathode carbon paper 3, the anode carbon paper 2 is located on a first side of the proton exchange membrane 1 and is configured to contact an anode plate, the cathode carbon paper 3 is located on a second side of the proton exchange membrane 1 and is configured to contact a cathode plate, an area of the cathode carbon paper 3 is smaller than an area of the anode carbon paper 2, and an area of the proton exchange membrane 1 is larger than an area of the cathode carbon paper 3.

This membrane electrode has adjusted the structure of carbon paper, the carbon paper structure of unequal area has been adopted, make 2 areas of positive pole carbon paper with the anode plate contact be greater than 3 areas of negative pole carbon paper with the negative plate contact, can utilize positive pole carbon paper 2 to form effective support to proton exchange membrane 1, and then prop up the membrane electrode through positive pole carbon paper 2, thereby the structure of membrane electrode has been simplified, furthermore, 2 areas of positive pole carbon paper that adopt the anode plate contact are greater than the structure with 3 areas of negative pole carbon paper of negative plate contact, can also improve proton exchange membrane 1's utilization efficiency, reduce proton exchange membrane 1's waste, reduce the membrane electrode cost, and then reduce the cost of fuel cell pile.

Preferably, the area and size of the proton exchange membrane 1 are the same as those of the anode carbon paper 2, and the proton exchange membrane 1 is attached to the anode carbon paper 2 and supported by the anode carbon paper 2. In the scheme of this embodiment, the area and size of the proton exchange membrane 1 are the same as those of the anode carbon paper 2, that is, both have the same cross section, so that both can be completely attached together, and thus the proton exchange membrane 1 with a relatively thin thickness can be effectively supported by the anode carbon paper 2 with a relatively thick thickness, and therefore, although the area of the cathode carbon paper 3 is reduced, the stable and reliable forming structure of the proton exchange membrane can still be ensured.

In other embodiments, the area of the proton exchange membrane 1 may also be larger than the area of the cathode carbon paper 3 and smaller than the area of the anode carbon paper 2, that is, the area of the proton exchange membrane 1 is between the anode carbon paper 2 and the cathode carbon paper 3, so that the proton exchange membrane 1 can be supported by the anode carbon paper 2 completely, and the cathode carbon paper 3 can be prevented from completely shielding the proton exchange membrane 1.

Preferably, each edge of cathode carbon paper 3 all is located the corresponding edge inboard of anode carbon paper 2 to and have preset interval between the corresponding edge of anode carbon paper 2, can all leave the clearance in one side that proton exchange membrane 1 is located cathode carbon paper 3, conveniently realize the peripheral sealing of membrane electrode, make anode carbon paper 2 and proton exchange membrane 1 surpass the part homoenergetic of cathode carbon paper 3 and seal, reduce the sealed degree of difficulty, improve sealed effect.

Referring collectively to fig. 1 to 13, according to an embodiment of the present application, a single cell assembly includes a membrane electrode 6, and the membrane electrode 6 is the above-described membrane electrode.

The single cell assembly further comprises a single anode plate 4 and a single cathode plate 5, with a membrane electrode 6 disposed between the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5. The membrane electrode of the conventional fuel cell is arranged outside the bipolar plate, the membrane electrode is generally loaded between two adjacent bipolar plates, and the difference of the membrane electrode assembly and the conventional single cell assembly is that the single cell assembly in the application does not adopt a structure that the membrane electrode 6 is arranged between the two bipolar plates, but adopts a structure that one membrane electrode 6 is arranged between the two unipolar plates, namely, one single cell assembly in the application only comprises one single anode plate 4 positioned on one side of the membrane electrode 6 and one single cathode plate 5 positioned on the other side of the membrane electrode 6, therefore, the single cell assembly in the application does not need to weld the cathode plate and the anode plate together to form the bipolar plate, can directly use the unipolar plate to form the membrane electrode 6, has simpler structural process and lower cost, and can form a relatively independent integrated single cell structure because the single cathode plate 5 and the single anode plate 4 do not need, and the two adjacent single cell assemblies are of complete independent structures, so that the fuel cell stack is more convenient to assemble, the assembly difficulty is reduced, and the maintenance operability of the fuel cell stack is improved.

In this embodiment, the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5 form a sealed space at the periphery of the membrane electrode 6, the sealed space is filled with the sealing material 7, and the sealing material 7 is coated outside the membrane electrode 6.

In the application, the membrane electrode 6 of the single cell component is packaged between the single cathode plate 5 and the single anode plate 4, and sealing and gap leveling are realized by injecting a sealing material 7 between the three at the edge position. The sealing material 7 is, for example, rubber, and may be another sealing material having a similar sealing function.

In the monocell assembly, the anode plate and the cathode plate are of single-plate structures and are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode 6, and the monocell plate 4 and the monocell plate 5 are connected with the membrane electrode 6 in a sealing way through sealing materials, so that when the monocell assembly is formed, the cathode plate and the anode plate are not required to be connected into a whole through a welding mode, a welding procedure is omitted, adverse effects of welding on metal polar plates are effectively avoided, and the performance of an electric pile is improved.

Because the area of the anode carbon paper 2 in contact with the anode plate is larger than the area of the cathode carbon paper 3 in contact with the cathode plate in the membrane electrode 6, when the single cell component is integrally formed, the thin and soft proton exchange membrane 1 can be supported by the anode carbon paper 2, then the membrane electrode 6 is pressed from two sides by the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, when the sealing material 7 is injected, the proton exchange membrane 1 can be directly sealed at the peripheral side of the membrane electrode 6 by the support effect of the anode carbon paper 2, no extra tool is needed to be added to fix the proton exchange membrane 1, no edge sealing structure is needed to be added to seal the structure of the membrane electrode 6, so the assembly difficulty of the single cell component is reduced, the assembly efficiency of the single cell component is improved, the assembly cost of the single cell component is reduced, and the assembly process steps and detection steps of the membrane electrode are reduced, the reliability of the cell assembly is improved.

Because can utilize the cooperation of single anode plate 4 and single cathode plate 5 directly to seal up all sides of membrane electrode 6, consequently can save and carry out sealed banding structure to membrane electrode 6, make proton exchange membrane 1's structure no longer receive the banding structure influence, can process proton exchange membrane 1 according to anode carbon paper 2's structure, consequently not only can reduce proton exchange membrane 1's quantity, reduce membrane electrode 6's cost, and can reduce proton exchange membrane 1's the processing degree of difficulty, make proton exchange membrane 1's structure can be with the same rule of anode carbon paper 2's structure, processing is more simple and convenient, and it is sealed more easily to realize, the sealing degree of difficulty has been reduced, sealing efficiency has been improved.

Preferably, the parts of the anode carbon paper 2 and the proton exchange membrane 1, which exceed the cathode carbon paper 3, are embedded in the sealing material 7, so that not only can a good sealing effect of the sealing material 7 on the peripheral side of the membrane electrode 6 be ensured, but also the bonding force between the sealing material 7 and the membrane electrode 6 can be ensured, the sealing strength between the sealing material 7 and the membrane electrode 6 is further ensured, and the overall sealing strength and the sealing effect of the single cell assembly are ensured. Because the area of the cathode carbon paper 3 is smaller, the distance between the proton exchange membrane 1 and the single cathode plate 5 is larger outside the cathode carbon paper 3, so that enough space filling sealing material 7 can be ensured between the proton exchange membrane 1 and the single cathode plate 5, the sealing material 7 can have enough usage amount, and the sealing strength and the sealing effect among the single cathode plate 5, the single anode plate 4 and the membrane electrode 6 are further improved.

Referring to fig. 2-5 and 8 in combination, preferably, in the present embodiment, the single cathode plate 5 includes an air inlet 8, an air outlet 9 and an air flow channel 10, two ends of the air flow channel 10 are respectively communicated with the air inlet 8 and the air outlet 9, a cooling flow channel 15 is disposed on a back side of the air flow channel 10, and preferably, the air flow channel 10 is linear or wavy. In this embodiment, since the cathode plate is a single plate and does not form a bipolar plate with the anode plate, this feature needs to be considered when designing the flow channel of the cathode plate. Because single negative plate 5 needs to supply the air, consequently need to set up air inlet 8, air outlet 9 and air runner 10 on it, and air runner 10 forms the recess simultaneously, also can form cooling runner 15 simultaneously in the dorsal one side of air runner 10, so, can enough conveniently carry out the structure punching press of single negative plate 5, the punching press efficiency when can improve single negative plate 5 preparation again, can accomplish the processing of single negative plate 5 both sides structure through a process. Because the back side cooling flow channel 15 of the single cathode plate 5 can be matched with the cooling flow channel 15 on the single anode plate 4 to form a cooling channel when being matched with the single anode plate 4 of the adjacent single cell component, the air flow channel 10 and the cooling flow channel 15 can be simultaneously formed by one-time stamping, the processing procedures can be further reduced, the processing efficiency is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.

The air inlet 8 of the single cathode plate 5 is provided with a first cover plate 11, the first cover plate 11 is covered on the surface of the single cathode plate 5 and is positioned between the single cathode plate 5 and the single anode plate 4, and an air channel 20 for communicating the air inlet 8 and the air flow channel 10 is formed between the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5. In this embodiment, since the assembly of the single cell assembly is performed by using the special single-pole plate, if the air channel 20 communicating the air inlet 8 with the air flow channel 10 is directly formed by processing the single-pole plate 5 at the air inlet 8, the structural complexity of the single-pole plate 5 is increased, the processing difficulty of the single-pole plate 5 is increased, and the assembly is not only difficult to implement, but also the process requirements are more complicated. Therefore, the first cover plate 11 is specially added at the air inlet 8, the first cover plate 11 is matched with the single cathode plate 5 to form the air channel 20 for communicating the air inlet 8 with the air flow channel 10, and therefore, the structure at the position is divided into two parts, the single cathode plate 5 can adopt a conventional structure, large-scale production can be realized, the processing efficiency and the processing difficulty can be greatly reduced, the first cover plate 11 can be independently processed, the air channel 20 is specially processed on the first cover plate 11, and therefore, the processing difficulty of the single cathode plate 5 is not increased, the air channel 20 can be conveniently formed on the single cathode plate 5, and air can not enter the air flow channel 10 from the air inlet 8 smoothly.

A second cover plate 12 may be further disposed at the air outlet 9 of the single cathode plate 5, the second cover plate 12 being disposed on the surface of the single cathode plate 5 and located between the single cathode plate 5 and the single anode plate 4, and an air passage 20 communicating the air inlet 8 with the air flow passage 10 being formed between the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the single cathode plate 5 is provided with protrusions 16 forming the cooling flow channels 15, the protrusions 16 are protruded upward relative to the plate surface of the single cathode plate 5, the air flow channels 10 are formed between the adjacent protrusions 16, and the top surface of the first cover plate 11 is consistent with the top surface of the protrusions 16 in height; the top surface of the second cover plate 12 is flush with the top surface of the boss 16. Because the top surface of the first cover plate 11 is the same as the top surface of the protruding portion 16 in height, when the single cell assembly is assembled, the top surfaces of the first cover plate 11 and the protruding portion 16 can be attached to the surface of the cathode carbon paper of the membrane electrode 6, a good sealing effect is formed, the single cathode plate 5 is not affected by the first cover plate 11 when being matched with the membrane electrode 6, meanwhile, the first cover plate 11 can be well matched with the membrane electrode 6, and the consistency of the matching structure between the single cathode plate 5 and the membrane electrode 6 is improved.

The first cover plate 11 includes a stopper portion 17 stopping at an end of the protruding portion 16, and a rib 18 and a groove 19 extending along an extending direction of the air flow passage 10, the rib 18 and the groove 19 are alternately arranged, the rib 18 is arranged corresponding to the air flow passage 10, the groove 19 is arranged corresponding to the cooling flow passage 15, the groove 19 and the cooling flow passage 15 are separated by the stopper portion 17, and the air passage 20 is arranged on the rib 18 and communicates with the air flow passage 10 after penetrating through the stopper portion 17. The rib 18 and the groove 19 on the first cover plate 11 can also be formed by stamping, so that not only can the sealing performance between the air channel 20 on the rib 18 and the groove 19 be ensured, but also the processing is simpler and more convenient. In addition, the bottom wall of the groove 19 is attached to the surface of the single cathode plate 5, the welding fixation or the bonding fixation of the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5 can be realized through the bottom wall of the groove 19, and in the actual processing process, the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5 can be fixed through laser welding or bonded and fixed through an adhesive, so that the sealing fit between the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5 is ensured as much as possible. The cooperation between the second cover plate 12 and the single cathode plate 5 is similar to the cooperation between the first cover plate 11 and the single cathode plate 5 and will not be described in detail herein.

Since the plurality of air passages 20 are formed on the first cover plate 11 by the plurality of ribs 18, a flow guiding effect on the air can be formed by the plurality of air passages 20, so that the air can be uniformly distributed into the air flow passage 10.

In another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, a protruding point 21 and/or a flow guiding strip 22 for uniformly distributing gas are provided on a side plate surface of the first cover plate 11 facing the single cathode plate 5, a supporting side plate 23 for guiding air is formed on both sides of the first cover plate 11, and the supporting side plate 23 is in sealing contact with the first cover plate 11.

In this embodiment, first apron 11 is provided with salient point 21 and drainage strip 22, and wherein salient point 21 is the dot matrix and arranges, and drainage strip 22 is a plurality of, and a plurality of drainage strip 22 intervals set up, form air channel 20 between the adjacent drainage strip 22, and salient point 21 sets up the one side that air flow 10 was kept away from at drainage strip 22.

The first cover plate 11 is simultaneously provided with a convex point 21 and a drainage strip 22, wherein the convex point 21 mainly plays a supporting role in the arrangement of the first cover plate 11 on the single cathode plate 5, and the drainage strip 22 mainly plays a role in guiding the flow of air in the air channel 20. When the air channel 20 is a single channel, the drainage strips 22 can be omitted and only the supporting function of the bumps 21 is retained. When the air channel 20 is a multi-channel, only the diversion and supporting functions of the drainage strip 22 can be kept, the salient points 21 are omitted, and the salient points 21 and the drainage strip 22 can be both kept. Salient point 21 and drainage strip 22 in this embodiment use mixedly, and drainage strip 22 extends to the air outlet end from the air inlet end of first apron 11, and many drainage strips 22 intervals set up, and it has a plurality of salient points 21 to distribute between adjacent drainage strip 22. Wherein bump 21 and drainage strip 22 all are the punching press and form, can directly carry out the processing preparation of bump 21 and drainage strip 22 on the plate body of first apron 11, need not extra material, consequently can save the process, save material, reduce cost improves material utilization.

The surface of one side of the second cover plate 12 facing the single cathode plate 5 is provided with salient points 21 and/or drainage strips 22 for uniformly distributing gas, two sides of the second cover plate 12 are provided with supporting side plates 23 for guiding the gas, and the supporting side plates 23 are in sealing contact with the second cover plate 12. The second cover 12 is similar in structure to the first cover 11 and will not be described in detail.

Be provided with bump 21 and drainage strip 22 on second apron 12, wherein bump 21 is the dot matrix and arranges, and drainage strip 22 is a plurality of, and a plurality of drainage strip 22 intervals set up, form air channel 20 between the adjacent drainage strip 22, and bump 21 sets up the one side of keeping away from air flow channel 10 at drainage strip 22.

Preferably, in the present embodiment, the single cathode plate 5 is processed with a coolant distribution area, and the coolant distribution area is provided with bumps 21 and/or drainage bars 22 for distributing the coolant. In the embodiment, the salient points 21 and the drainage strips 22 can be directly punched on the side of the single cathode plate 5 away from the membrane electrode 6 to guide the cooling liquid.

Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the air flow channels 10 are linear, the air flow channels 10 are disposed at intervals, and the air flow channels 10 are parallel to each other.

Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the air flow channels 10 are in a wave shape, and the air flow channels 10 are arranged at intervals, and the air flow channels 10 are parallel to each other.

Referring to fig. 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9 in combination, according to the embodiment of the present application, the single anode plate 4 includes a hydrogen inlet 24, a hydrogen outlet 25 and a hydrogen flow channel 26, both ends of the hydrogen flow channel 26 are respectively communicated with the hydrogen inlet 24 and the hydrogen outlet 25, and a cooling flow channel 15 is disposed on the back side of the hydrogen flow channel 26.

Referring collectively to fig. 6, in one embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen gas flow passages 26 are S-shaped, and the side walls of the hydrogen gas flow passages 26 are smooth side walls. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen gas flow channels 26 are multiple, the multiple hydrogen gas flow channels 26 are parallel and spaced apart from each other, the side wall of each hydrogen gas flow channel 26 is a smooth plane, the hydrogen gas flow channels 26 are zigzag-shaped, and before being bent, the extending track of the hydrogen gas flow channels 26 is a straight line.

Referring collectively to fig. 7, in another embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen gas flow passage 26 is generally S-shaped, and at least one side wall of the hydrogen gas flow passage 26 is corrugated. Specifically, in this embodiment, the hydrogen flow channel 26 is one, the hydrogen flow channel 26 is S-shaped on the single anode plate 4, the hydrogen flow channel 26 includes three sections, wherein the first section is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 24, the third section is communicated with the hydrogen outlet 25, the second end is connected between the first section and the third section, and the three sections are connected to form an S-shape, wherein two side walls of the first section are both wavy, a side wall of the second section far away from the third section is wavy, a side wall of the second section near the third section is linear, a side wall of the third section far away from the second section is wavy, and a side wall of the third section near the second section is linear.

The runner cooperation between foretell single anode plate 4 and single cathode plate 5 can be for multiple combinations such as negative plate runner + anode plate S shape runner, negative plate runner + anode plate S shape wave runner, negative plate wave runner + anode plate S shape runner or negative plate wave runner + anode plate S shape wave runner to form multiple cooperation relation, specifically choose which kind of runner structure cooperation for use, need select according to the requirement in the battery design process.

The hydrogen inlet 24 of the single anode plate 4 is provided with a third cover plate 13, the third cover plate 13 is covered between the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, and a hydrogen channel 30 for communicating the hydrogen inlet 24 with the hydrogen flow channel 26 is formed between the third cover plate 13 and the single anode plate 4.

The hydrogen inlet 24 of the single anode plate 4 is provided with a fourth cover plate 14, the fourth cover plate 14 is covered between the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, and a hydrogen channel 30 for communicating the hydrogen inlet 24 with the hydrogen flow channel 26 is formed between the fourth cover plate 14 and the single anode plate 4.

In the present embodiment, the single anode plate 4 is provided with the recesses 27 forming the hydrogen flow channels 26, the recesses 27 are recessed with respect to the plate surface of the single anode plate 4, the cooling flow channels 15 are formed between the adjacent recesses 27, the single anode plate 4 is formed with the depressed grooves 28 at the port positions of the recesses 27, the third lid plate 13 includes the lands 29 provided at the ends of the hydrogen gas channels 30 and bent downward, the lands 29 are fitted in the depressed grooves 28, and the surfaces of the lands 29 located in the depressed grooves 28 are flush with the plate surface of the single anode plate 4. The lapping part 29 is arranged in the sunken groove 28 and can form spacing fit with the single anode plate 4 in the sunken groove 28, so that the third cover plate 13 can be conveniently positioned on the single anode plate 4, and the installation efficiency is improved. In addition, the overlapping portion 29 can guide the hydrogen entering through the hydrogen passage 30, and prevent the hydrogen from escaping from the hydrogen passage 30 before entering the hydrogen flow passage 26.

The single anode plate 4 is provided with a depressed portion 27 forming the hydrogen flow channel 26, the depressed portion 27 is depressed with respect to the plate surface of the single anode plate 4, the cooling flow channel 15 is formed between the adjacent depressed portions 27, the single anode plate 4 is formed with depressed grooves 28 at the port positions of the depressed portions 27, the fourth lid plate 14 includes lands 29 provided at the ends of the hydrogen gas channels 30 and bent downward, the lands 29 are fitted in the depressed grooves 28, and the surfaces of the lands 29 located in the depressed grooves 28 are flush with the plate surface of the single anode plate 4.

The overlapping portion 29 guides the hydrogen gas at the end of the hydrogen passage 30 to the hydrogen flow passage 26, and the overlapping portion 29 forms a seal at the communication position of the hydrogen flow passage 26 and the hydrogen passage 30. The sealing means that the lap portion 29 and the top surface of the recessed portion 27 form a seal therebetween, and do not block the hydrogen flow channel 26, so as to ensure that hydrogen gas smoothly enters the hydrogen flow channel 26 through the third cover plate 13.

The width of the overlapping portion 29 is smaller than the width of the depressed groove 28, the overlapping portion 29 abuts on the side wall of the depressed groove 28 away from the hydrogen inlet 24, and a predetermined interval for the passage of hydrogen is provided between the overlapping portion 29 and the side wall of the depressed groove 28 near the hydrogen inlet 24, and the side wall of the depressed groove 28 near the hydrogen inlet 24 forms a stopper at the end of the hydrogen flow passage 26. The width of the bridging portion 29 is smaller than the width of the depressed groove 28, so that a gap can be formed between the bridging portion 29 and the edge of the depressed groove 28 near the hydrogen inlet 24, and the hydrogen flow passage 26 is prevented from being blocked, so that the hydrogen gas can smoothly enter the hydrogen flow passage 26 through the gap between the bridging portion 29 of the third lid plate 13 and the outer edge of the depressed groove 28 after entering the hydrogen gas passage 30 formed by the third lid plate 13 and the single anode plate 4.

Be provided with bump 21 and drainage strip 22 that are used for carrying out the even distribution to gas on the third apron 13 towards one side face of single anode plate 4, wherein bump 21 is the dot matrix and arranges, and drainage strip 22 is a plurality of, and a plurality of drainage strip 22 intervals set up, form hydrogen passageway 30 between the adjacent drainage strip 22, and bump 21 sets up the one side of keeping away from hydrogen runner 26 at drainage strip 22.

Be provided with bump 21 and drainage strip 22 that are used for carrying out the even distribution to gas on the fourth apron 14 towards one side face of single anode plate 4, wherein bump 21 is the dot matrix and arranges, and drainage strip 22 is a plurality of, and a plurality of drainage strip 22 intervals set up, form hydrogen passageway 30 between the adjacent drainage strip 22, and bump 21 sets up the one side of keeping away from hydrogen runner 26 at drainage strip 22.

The single anode plate 4 is provided with a cooling liquid distribution area which is provided with salient points 21 and/or drainage strips 22 for distributing the cooling liquid.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, the single anode plate 4 is recessed at its two sides away from the membrane electrode 6, and forms a space for accommodating the sealing material 7 with the anode carbon paper 2 of the membrane electrode 6, and the two sides are located between the hydrogen inlet 24 and the hydrogen outlet 25 and extend along the extending direction of the hydrogen flow channel 26. When the face of single anode plate 4 is straight, the face of single anode plate 4 is laminated with membrane electrode 6's surface theoretically, consequently, be difficult to leave enough space to hold the packing of sealing material 7 such as sealed glue, in order to guarantee to have enough accommodation space to hold sealed glue between single anode plate 4 and the membrane electrode 6, need reform transform at the periphery of single anode plate 4, make the periphery of single anode plate 4 buckle towards the direction of keeping away from membrane electrode 6, thereby can form great clearance and hold sealed glue, and then effectively guarantee to fill sufficient sealed glue between single anode plate 4 and the membrane electrode 6, make the protruding portion that positive pole carbon paper 2 and proton exchange membrane 1 formed can imbed smoothly sealed glue in, improve the combination effect between sealed glue and the membrane electrode 6, improve the sealed effect of sealed glue to membrane electrode 6 week side.

In the embodiment, the membrane electrode 6 is packaged between the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, and the membrane electrode 6 and the two single-pole plates are bonded together by the sealant to form a whole. Wherein, a larger gap is arranged between the cover plate matched with the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, and the gap is filled with sealant; similarly, there is a large gap between the cover plate that mates with the single cathode plate 5 and the single anode plate 4, and the gap is filled with sealant. All the spaces of the monocell assembly except the space occupied by the cover plate, the membrane electrode and the hydrogen, air and cooling liquid circulation channels are filled with the sealant.

As shown in fig. 1 to 13 in conjunction with the inserts, according to an embodiment of the present application, a fuel cell stack includes stacked unit cell assemblies 42, and the unit cell assemblies 42 are the unit cell assemblies described above.

When the single cell assembly 42 includes the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5 of the adjacent single cell assemblies are connected in a sealing manner along the peripheral side by the cooling liquid gasket 31, and the cooling flow channels 15 of the single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5 are matched to form a cooling channel. In the present embodiment, cooling channels 15 through which cooling liquid flows are formed on both sides of each cell assembly, and the cell assembly 42 are sealed by a coolant gasket 31 that is prepared in advance. Because each single cell component 42 includes the independent single anode plate 4 and the single cathode plate 5, and the both sides of single cell component 42 are provided with the unipolar plate respectively, therefore single cell component 42 is relatively more independent individual, the correlation between each single cell component 42 is less, can exist independently, unlike the fuel cell among the prior art, the bipolar plate of every single cell both sides all will be used for another adjacent single cell simultaneously, therefore the structure is more independent, be convenient for more maintain and change, and can avoid other single cell components 42 to receive great influence, the maintainability is better.

The coolant gasket 31 includes an outer annular rib 32 and an inner annular rib 33, and an annular sealed chamber is formed between the outer annular rib 32 and the inner annular rib 33. By adopting the structure, double-layer sealing can be formed on the sealing between the adjacent single cell assemblies 42, so that even if the sealing cavity formed by the inner ring convex strip 33 is damaged and cannot play an effective sealing role, the sealing effect between the adjacent single cell assemblies 42 can be continuously ensured through the outer ring sealing formed by the outer ring convex strip 32.

Preferably, a transverse rib 34 is connected between the outer ring convex rib 32 and the inner ring convex rib 33, and the transverse ribs 34 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the sealed cabin and divide the sealed cabin into a plurality of watertight cabins. The transverse ribs 34 can divide the sealed cabin into a plurality of watertight cabins along the circumferential direction, so that when the inner ring convex strips 33 at a certain position of the fuel cell stack are damaged, the cooling liquid flows into the watertight cabin at the damaged position, and the sealing function can still be realized.

The fuel cell stack further comprises an upper end plate 35 and a lower end plate 36, the single cell assembly is arranged between the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36, at least one side edge of the single cell assembly is provided with a limiting structure, a limiting part matched with the limiting structure is arranged at the limiting structure, and the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36 are used for limiting and installing the single cell assembly through the limiting part.

The limiting structure comprises a bump 37 arranged on two oppositely arranged first side edges of the single battery component, the limiting member comprises a first limiting plate 38, the first limiting plate 38 is provided with a limiting groove 39, the bump 37 is embedded into the limiting groove 39, and the limiting plates are fixedly arranged on the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36.

The limiting structure comprises grooves formed in two opposite second side edges of the single cell assembly, the limiting member comprises a second limiting plate 40, and the second limiting plate 40 is clamped into the grooves and fixedly connected with the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36.

With the above-described structure, the positioning structure in which these projections and recesses are engaged with each other can be used to form the limiting plate that limits the cell assembly 42 from rocking back and forth and left and right outside the fuel cell stack, and when vibration occurs, the displacement of the cell assembly 42 can be effectively limited, thereby improving the reliability of the fuel cell stack.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of cell assemblies 42 are stacked together to form a cell stack, insulating plates 41 for insulating and isolating the cell stack from the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36 are respectively disposed at the bottom and the top of the cell stack, a bottom current collecting plate is connected to the cell assembly 42 at the bottom, a top current collecting plate is connected to the cell assembly 42 at the top, and insulating blocks for facilitating the fixing of external cables when the external cables are connected to the current collecting plates are respectively disposed on the upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36. The upper end plate 35 and the lower end plate 36 are clamped and fixed by bolts to the single cell stack. One coolant gasket 31 is provided between the adjacent two cell assemblies 42, thereby forming a seal outside the coolant flow field of the two adjacent cell assemblies 42.

It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.

The present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present application, and these modifications and variations should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.