阅读说明：本技术 流体供给装置、内部构造体及其制造方法 (Fluid supply device, internal structure, and method for manufacturing the same ) 是由 驹泽增彦 大木胜 驹泽心 于 2020-02-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种能够对流体赋予预定的流动特性,使流体的润滑性、渗透性以及冷却效果提高,且构成简单、制造不困难的流体供给管。流体供给管包括管主体与内部构造体。管主体具有供流体流入的流入口与供流体流出的流出口,是具有剖面圆形的内部壁面的中空的形状。内部构造体是收纳固定于管主体的具有多个侧面的棱柱状的轴体,在其侧面上网状地排列有多个突起部。内部构造体的侧面与管主体的内部壁面之间的、形成于多个突起部之间的空间成为流体的流路,流体在被从管主体的流入口供给并从流出口流出的期间,通过多个突起部之间的流路从而被赋予流动特性。(The invention provides a fluid supply pipe which can endow a fluid with predetermined flow characteristics, improve the lubricity, permeability and cooling effect of the fluid, and has simple structure and difficult manufacture. The fluid supply pipe includes a pipe main body and an internal structure. The tube body has an inlet through which a fluid flows in and an outlet through which the fluid flows out, and is hollow having an inner wall surface with a circular cross section. The internal structure is a prismatic shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces and fixed to the tube main body, and a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh pattern on the side surfaces. The space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the side surface of the inner structure and the inner wall surface of the tube main body serves as a flow path for the fluid, and while the fluid is supplied from the inlet port of the tube main body and flows out from the outlet port, the fluid passes through the flow path between the plurality of protrusions to provide flow characteristics.)

1. A fluid supply device is characterized by comprising:

a hollow tube body having an inlet through which a fluid flows in and an outlet through which the fluid flows out, and having an inner wall surface with a circular cross section, an

An internal structure which is a prismatic shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces and is housed and fixed to the tube main body;

a plurality of protrusions arranged in a mesh shape on a side surface of the internal structure;

the space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the side surface of the inner structure and the inner wall surface of the tube main body serves as a flow path for the fluid, and the fluid passes through the flow path between the plurality of protrusions while being supplied from the inlet port of the tube main body and flowing out from the outlet port, thereby imparting flow characteristics.

2. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the prism-shaped internal structure is provided with a pyramid on the inlet side, and the fluid flowing in is supplied to a plurality of side surfaces in a dispersed manner.

3. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 2,

the internal structure is a shaft body having a triangular prism shape or a quadrangular prism shape, and the pyramid provided in the internal structure is a triangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid.

4. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the flow paths formed between the plurality of projections are intersecting flow paths in which 2 flow paths, i.e., a flow path in a direction from upstream to downstream and from left diagonally upstream to right diagonally downstream, intersect with a flow path in a direction from right diagonally upstream to left diagonally downstream, and the fluid flows through the 2 flow paths with the same intensity.

5. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the bottom surface of the protrusion has a rhombus shape, and 2 vertexes of the acute angle of the rhombus are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure.

6. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the protrusions are formed in a plurality of rows, and the direction of the protrusions in each row is slightly inclined alternately in the left-right direction from the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure.

7. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 6,

the bottom surface of the protrusion has a rhombus shape, and is slightly inclined from the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure with the center of the rhombus as the axis.

8. The fluid supply apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7,

the top surface of the protrusion is shaped as a part of a curved surface of a side surface of a cylinder having a radius equal to or slightly smaller than that of the circular cross section of the tube main body.

9. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the side surfaces of the plurality of protrusions are formed with irregularities.

10. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

one or more step differences are provided on the side surfaces of the plurality of protrusions.

11. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the inner structure is made of an elastic material having elasticity, and is elastically deformable as a whole.

12. The fluid supply apparatus of claim 11,

the tube main body and the inner structure are both formed of an elastic material having elasticity, and the inner structure is elastically deformable together with the tube main body.

13. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the cross-sectional area of the flow path between the plurality of projections is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the upstream flow path, and cavitation is caused by reducing the static pressure of the fluid flowing through the flow path between the plurality of projections, thereby generating fine bubbles.

14. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

while the fluid flows in the flow path between the projections, at least one of flow characteristics of (i) generation of a large number of fine bubbles, (ii) mixing of a plurality of fluids, and (iii) stirring and diffusion of the fluid is imparted.

15. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the internal structure as the prismatic shaft body is hollow;

a 2 nd internal structure is housed and fixed in the hollow of the internal structure;

a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh shape on an outer surface of the 2 nd internal structure;

a space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the outer surface of the 2 nd internal structure and the inner wall surface of the hollow internal structure serves as a fluid passage;

while the fluid is supplied from the inlet port of the tube main body and flows out from the outlet port, the fluid passes through the flow paths between the plurality of protrusions of the 2 nd inner structure, and flow characteristics are imparted thereto.

16. The fluid supply apparatus of claim 15,

the hollow portion provided in the prismatic internal structure is prismatic, the 2 nd internal structure is a prismatic shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces, and the plurality of protrusions are provided on the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft body.

17. The fluid supply apparatus of claim 15,

the hollow portion provided in the prismatic internal structure is cylindrical, the 2 nd internal structure is a cylindrical shaft body, and the plurality of protrusions are provided on the side surface of the cylindrical shaft body.

18. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the heights of the top surfaces of the plurality of protrusions provided on the outer surface of the inner structure correspond to the arcs of the inner wall surface of the tube main body, and become lower overall toward the center and the outside.

19. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1,

the heights of the plurality of projections are partially reduced to prevent a pressure loss of the fluid.

20. A machine tool, characterized in that cooling water is flowed into the fluid supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 19, and after a predetermined flow characteristic is given, the fluid supply apparatus is discharged to a tool or a workpiece and cooled.

21. A shower nozzle characterized by improving a washing effect by introducing water or hot water into the fluid supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 19, imparting a predetermined flow characteristic, and then discharging the fluid.

22. A fluid mixing device characterized by causing a plurality of fluids of different characteristics to flow into the fluid supply device of any one of claims 1 to 19, imparting predetermined flow characteristics, mixing the plurality of fluids, and discharging.

23. A hydroponic apparatus comprising a fluid supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, and a drain device for draining the fluid after increasing dissolved oxygen.

24. An internal structure housed in a housing and imparting flow characteristics to a fluid,

the internal structure includes a prismatic internal shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces;

a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh-like manner on a side surface of the inner shaft body;

a space formed between the plurality of projections serves as a flow path for the fluid;

the fluid passes through the flow path between the plurality of projections, and is imparted with flow characteristics.

25. The internal construct of claim 24,

the prismatic inner shaft body is hollow;

a 2 nd inner shaft body is fixedly accommodated in the hollow of the inner shaft body;

a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh-like manner on the outer surface of the 2 nd inner shaft;

a space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the outer surface of the 2 nd inner shaft body and the inner wall surface of the hollow inner shaft body serves as a fluid flow path;

the fluid passes through the flow paths between the plurality of protrusions of the 2 nd inner shaft body, and flow characteristics are imparted thereto.

26. The internal construct of claim 25,

the hollow portion provided in the prismatic internal shaft body is prismatic, the 2 nd internal shaft body is a prismatic shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces, and the plurality of protrusions are provided on the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft body.

27. The internal construct of claim 25,

the prismatic inner shaft body has a cylindrical hollow shape, the 2 nd inner shaft body has a cylindrical shaft body, and the plurality of protrusions are provided on the side surface of the cylindrical shaft body.

28. A method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method comprising:

a step of preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body, and

and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions having a side surface of the prismatic shaft body as a bottom surface and a side surface of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface in a mesh-like arrangement by forming intersecting channels having a side surface of the prismatic shaft body as a bottom surface and an outer diameter position of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface in the cylindrical inner shaft body.

29. The method of manufacturing an internal structure according to claim 28, wherein the step of forming the internal structure is performed by a method including the steps of,

the formation of the cross flow path is performed by cutting.

30. The method of manufacturing an internal structure according to claim 28, wherein the step of forming the internal structure is performed by a method including the steps of,

the method further includes a step of forming the one end of the inner shaft on the fluid inflow side into a pyramid.

31. A method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method comprising:

a step of preparing an inner shaft body,

a step of forming a plurality of protrusions in a mesh-like arrangement by forming intersecting channels on the outer surface of the inner shaft,

a step of preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body,

a step of forming a hollow cavity in which the inner shaft body is disposed, in the outer inner shaft body,

a step of forming a plurality of protrusions having a side surface of the prismatic shaft body as a bottom surface and a side surface of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface in a mesh-like arrangement by forming intersecting channels having a side surface of the prismatic shaft body as a bottom surface and an outer diameter position of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface in the cylindrical outer inner shaft body, and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions having a side surface of the prismatic shaft body as a bottom surface and a side surface of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface

And a step of disposing the inner shaft body formed with the plurality of protrusions in the hollow cavity of the outer shaft body formed with the plurality of protrusions.

32. The method of manufacturing an internal structure according to claim 31, wherein the step of forming the internal structure is performed by a method including the steps of,

preparing a prismatic shaft body in a step of preparing an inner shaft body;

in the step of forming a hollow cavity penetrating the outer inner shaft body, a prismatic hollow cavity is formed so as to penetrate the outer inner shaft body;

in the step of forming the plurality of protrusions on the inner shaft body, the intersecting channel is formed to a predetermined depth from the side surface of the prismatic shaft body, whereby the plurality of protrusions are formed such that the bottom surface and the bottom surface of the intersecting channel have the same height, and the top surface has the height of the side surface of the prismatic shaft body.

33. The method of manufacturing an internal structure according to claim 31, wherein the step of forming the internal structure is performed by a method including the steps of,

preparing a cylindrical shaft body in a step of preparing an inner shaft body;

forming a cylindrical hollow cavity in a penetrating manner in the step of forming the hollow cavity in a penetrating manner with respect to the outer inner shaft body;

in the step of forming a plurality of protrusions on the inner shaft body, the intersecting channel is formed to a predetermined depth from the side surface of the cylindrical shaft body, thereby forming a plurality of protrusions having a bottom surface at the same height as the bottom surface of the intersecting channel and a top surface at the height of the side surface of the cylindrical shaft body.

34. An internal structure housed in a housing and imparting flow characteristics to a fluid,

the internal structure is formed by connecting a plurality of partial internal structures;

the structure of each internal structure is as follows: the fluid flow device comprises a prismatic internal shaft body with a plurality of side surfaces, a plurality of protruding parts are arranged on the side surfaces of the internal shaft body in a net shape, the space formed between the protruding parts is a fluid flow path, and the fluid is endowed with flow characteristics through the fluid flow path between the protruding parts;

the plurality of partial internal structural bodies are connected at a relative rotation angle.

35. The internal construct of claim 34,

part of the internal structure is made of elastic material with elasticity, and can be deformed as a whole.

36. A method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method comprising:

a step of preparing a plurality of protruding parts having mounting legs,

a step of preparing a prismatic internal shaft body in which a plurality of holes for arranging a plurality of protrusions are formed in a net-like arrangement, an

And a step of inserting the mounting legs of the protrusions into the holes, thereby forming a plurality of protrusions in a net-like arrangement on the surface of the internal shaft.

37. A method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method comprising:

a step 1 of manufacturing the divided internal structures by injection molding, and

a 2 nd step of forming one internal structure by joining a plurality of divided internal structures;

the internal structure formed by joining the plurality of divided internal structures is a prism-shaped structure having a plurality of side surfaces, and a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh shape on each side surface.

38. The method of manufacturing an internal structure according to claim 37, wherein the step of forming the internal structure is performed by a method including the steps of,

the divided internal structure is manufactured by injection molding for each of a plurality of side surfaces of the internal structure.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a fluid supply device for supplying a fluid, and more particularly, to a fluid supply device for imparting a predetermined flow characteristic to a fluid flowing inside the fluid supply device. The present invention also relates to an internal structure for a fluid supply device and a method for manufacturing the same. For example, the fluid supply device of the present invention is applicable to a supply device of a coolant (also referred to as a coolant or a machining fluid) for various machine tools such as machining centers, cutting machines, drill bits, and grinding machines. The present invention is also applicable to a mixer or the like that shears, stirs, diffuses, mixes a fluid. Further, the present invention can also be applied to a microbubble generator that generates microbubbles (microbubbles of micron order or ultra-microbubbles of nanometer order).

Background

Conventionally, in a machine tool, when a workpiece (workpiece) made of metal is machined into a desired shape, for example, a coolant is supplied to a portion of the workpiece in contact with a tool and its periphery to cool heat generated during machining or remove chips and shavings of the workpiece from a machining portion. Cutting edges are worn and the strength is reduced by cutting heat generated by high pressure and frictional resistance at the contact portion between the workpiece and the tool, and the life of the tool such as the tool is reduced. Further, if chips and the like of the workpiece are not sufficiently removed, the chips and the like may stick to the cutting edge during machining, and the machining accuracy may be lowered. In this case, the coolant performs a cleaning action of removing chips from the surface of the workpiece while reducing frictional resistance between the tool and the workpiece and removing cutting heat. Therefore, the coolant preferably has a small friction coefficient, a high boiling point, and a good property of penetrating between the contact portions of the tool and the workpiece.

The present applicant has disclosed a fluid supply tube capable of improving liquid permeability and lubricity in japanese patent nos. 6245397 and 6245401. For example, in the case of an aqueous coolant, by using the fluid supply tube, it is possible to generate micro bubbles and reduce the surface tension of the fluid, thereby successfully improving the permeability of the fluid and improving the lubricity.

The fluid supply tube can also be applied to various applications requiring supply of microbubbles. Further, even when a plurality of fluids are mixed, the fluid can be finely sheared, stirred, diffused, and mixed by using the fluid supply tube.

[ Prior art documents ]

[ patent document ]

Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 6245397

Patent document 2: japanese patent No. 6245401

Disclosure of Invention

[ problems to be solved by the invention ]

However, in the conventional fluid supply device, the internal structure disposed inside the fluid supply device has a special shape, and particularly, in an embodiment in which a spiral flow path (by metal working such as cutting, turning, or grinding) through which a fluid flows is formed in a cylindrical shaft body made of metal, precision of metal working is required, and it is difficult to realize the precision. Therefore, the manufacturing process takes time, which results in an increase in manufacturing cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and improves a fluid supply device and an internal structure used in the fluid supply device. In particular, it is an object to provide a fluid supply device which is easy to process and which provides fluid flow characteristics equal to or higher than those of conventional devices. Further, an internal structure usable in such a fluid supply device and a method for manufacturing the same are realized.

[ means for solving the problems ]

The present invention is configured as follows to solve the above problems.

That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid supply apparatus includes: a hollow tube body having an inlet through which a fluid flows in and an outlet through which the fluid flows out, and having an inner wall surface with a circular cross section; and an internal structure which is a prismatic shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces and is housed and fixed to the tube main body. A plurality of protrusions arranged in a mesh shape on a side surface of the internal structure; a space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the side surface of the internal structure and the inner wall surface of the tube main body serves as a fluid flow path; while the fluid is supplied from the inlet of the tube body and flows out from the outlet, the fluid passes through the flow path between the plurality of projections to provide flow characteristics.

In addition, according to another embodiment, the internal structure as the prismatic shaft body is hollow; a 2 nd internal structure is housed and fixed in the hollow of the internal structure; a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh shape on an outer surface of the 2 nd internal structure; a space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the outer surface of the 2 nd internal structure and the inner wall surface of the hollow internal structure serves as a fluid passage; while the fluid is supplied from the inlet port of the tube main body and flows out from the outlet port, the fluid passes through the flow paths between the plurality of protrusions of the 2 nd inner structure, and the flow characteristics are imparted thereto.

An internal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is housed in a housing and imparts flow characteristics to a fluid. The internal structure includes a prismatic internal shaft body having a plurality of side surfaces; a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh-like manner on a side surface of the inner shaft body; a space formed between the plurality of projections serves as a flow path for the fluid; the fluid passes through the flow path between the plurality of projections to be imparted with flow characteristics.

In addition, according to the internal structure of another embodiment, the prismatic internal shaft body is hollow; a 2 nd inner shaft body is fixedly accommodated in the hollow of the inner shaft body; a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh-like manner on the outer surface of the 2 nd inner shaft; a space formed between the plurality of protrusions between the outer surface of the 2 nd inner shaft body and the inner wall surface of the hollow inner shaft body serves as a fluid flow path; the fluid passes through the flow passages between the plurality of protrusions of the 2 nd inner shaft body and is given flow characteristics.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid includes: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; and forming intersecting channels in which the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft bodies serve as bottom surfaces and the outer diameter positions of the cylindrical shaft bodies serve as top surfaces in the cylindrical inner shaft bodies, thereby forming a plurality of protruding portions in a mesh shape in which the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft bodies serve as bottom surfaces and the side surfaces of the cylindrical shaft bodies serve as top surfaces.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method including: preparing an inner shaft body; forming a plurality of protrusions in a mesh shape by forming intersecting channels in the outer surface of the inner shaft; preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body; a step of forming a hollow cavity in which the inner shaft body is disposed, in the outer inner shaft body, so as to penetrate therethrough; forming a plurality of intersecting channels in which the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft bodies serve as bottom surfaces and the outer diameter positions of the cylindrical shaft bodies serve as top surfaces in the cylindrical outer inner shaft bodies, thereby forming a plurality of protruding portions in which the side surfaces of the prismatic shaft bodies serve as bottom surfaces and the side surfaces of the cylindrical shaft bodies serve as top surfaces in a net-like arrangement; and disposing the inner shaft body formed with the plurality of protrusions in the hollow cavity of the outer shaft body formed with the plurality of protrusions.

An internal structure according to another embodiment of the present invention is an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, and the internal structure is formed by connecting a plurality of internal structures. The structure of each internal structure is: the fluid flow device comprises a prismatic internal shaft body with a plurality of side surfaces, a plurality of protruding parts are arranged on the side surfaces of the internal shaft body in a net shape, the space formed between the protruding parts is a fluid flow path, and the fluid is endowed with flow characteristics through the fluid flow path between the protruding parts; the plurality of internal structural bodies are connected at a relative rotation angle.

A method for manufacturing an internal structure according to another embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method including: preparing a plurality of protruding parts with mounting legs; preparing a prismatic internal shaft body in which a plurality of holes for disposing a plurality of protrusions are formed in a net-like arrangement; and a step of inserting the mounting legs of the protrusions into the holes with respect to the inner shaft body, thereby arranging the plurality of protrusions in a net shape on the surface of the inner shaft body.

A method for manufacturing an internal structure according to another embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an internal structure that is housed in a housing and that imparts flow characteristics to a fluid, the method including: a step 1 of manufacturing the divided internal structures by injection molding; and a 2 nd step of forming one internal structure by combining the plurality of divided internal structures; the plurality of divided internal structures are joined to form one internal structure, which has a prism shape having a plurality of side surfaces, and a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a net shape on each side surface.

[ Effect of the invention ]

When the fluid supply device of the present invention is used for supplying a coolant to a machine tool or the like, the fluid is finely sheared, stirred, diffused, and mixed by colliding with the projections when passing through the fine flow path formed between the projections in the fluid supply device, thereby lowering the viscosity of the fluid. Therefore, when the oil-based coolant is introduced into the fluid supply device of the present invention, the viscosity is reduced, and the oil-based coolant is more likely to penetrate into the workpiece or the tool of the machine tool, thereby improving the cooling performance and the cleaning performance. When a water-soluble coolant is used, the surface tension of the fluid is reduced by a large number of microbubbles generated in the fluid supply device, and the permeability and lubricity are improved. As a result, the cooling effect of the heat generated at the portion where the tool and the workpiece contact each other is greatly improved. This improves the permeability of the fluid, thereby increasing the cooling effect, improving the lubricity, and improving the machining accuracy. Further, the cleaning effect is improved as compared with the conventional one by vibration and impact generated in the process in which the generated microbubbles collide with the tool and the workpiece and disappear. This prolongs the life of the tool such as the cutting edge and saves the cost for replacing the tool. In particular, the fluid supply device of the present invention has a simple configuration because it has an internal structure that is a prismatic shaft body, a plurality of protrusions are arranged in a mesh shape on each side surface of the internal structure, a space formed between the protrusions serves as a fluid flow path (which is an intersecting flow path) and the fluid is provided with flow characteristics by passing through the fluid flow path between the protrusions.

According to the method of manufacturing an internal structure of the present invention, since the plurality of protrusions having the outer surface of the shaft body as the top surface and the side surface of the prism-shaped shaft body as the bottom surface are formed by forming the intersecting flow path having the side surface of the prism-shaped shaft body as the bottom surface, the flow path capable of effectively imparting flow characteristics to the fluid can be formed even in a simple manufacturing process. In addition, in the method of manufacturing the internal structure, when the plurality of protrusions are inserted into the plurality of holes bored in the shaft body in an aligned manner, in addition to the formation by cutting or the like of the metal or the resin, a complicated working process such as cutting or the like is not required for the shaft body. Further, a plurality of divided internal structures may be formed by injection molding, and one internal structure may be formed by coupling the plurality of divided internal structures, and various manufacturing methods may be employed.

The fluid supply device of the present invention can be applied to supply of a coolant to various machine tools such as machining centers, cutting machines, drills, and grinding machines. Moreover, the present invention can be effectively used for a device for mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids. In addition to this, the present invention is also applicable to various applications of supplying fluid. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a spray nozzle, a hydroponic culture apparatus, a pollution removal apparatus, and the like. In the case of the spray nozzle, water or hot water is made to flow into the fluid supply means and a predetermined flow characteristic (for example, generation of micro bubbles) is imparted to improve the cleaning effect. In the case of hydroponics, water is flowed into the fluid supply device, and dissolved oxygen can be increased and discharged. In addition, in order to remove contaminants, various gases (hydrogen, ozone, and oxygen) can be easily dissolved in a liquid (e.g., water) in addition to air, and further supplied as a liquid (e.g., water) containing a gas that has been turned into microbubbles.

Drawings

A more complete understanding of the present invention can be obtained by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the following drawings. These drawings are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a machining center including a fluid supply device according to the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, viewed from another direction.

Fig. 5A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the rectangular pyramid and the protrusions on the side surfaces of the rectangular prism in the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5B is a diagram illustrating an acute angle of the protrusion and an intersection angle of intersecting channels formed by a plurality of protrusions in the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 6B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the triangular pyramid of the internal structure and the projections on the side surfaces of the triangular prism of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8B is a diagram showing the acute angle of the projections and the intersecting angle of the intersecting channels formed by the plurality of projections in the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 9A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention during assembly of the internal structure.

Fig. 11A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 11B is a sectional view of the assembled internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, viewed from another direction, when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 13A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of a plurality of protrusions on the side surfaces of the quadrangular prism of the inner structure outside the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 13B is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the rectangular pyramid of the inner structure and the plurality of protrusions on the side surfaces of the rectangular prism in the fluid supply device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 14A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 14B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention during assembly of the internal structure.

Fig. 16A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 16B is a sectional view of the assembled internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention, viewed from another direction, when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 18A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of a plurality of protrusions of the outer internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 18B is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of a plurality of protrusions of the inner structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 19A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 19B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 20 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 5 of the present invention during assembly of the internal structure.

Fig. 21A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 5 of the present invention when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 21B is a sectional view of the assembled internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a view for explaining the planar arrangement of a plurality of projections on the cylindrical side surface of the inner structural body of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 23A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 23B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 24 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 6 of the present invention during assembly of the internal structure.

Fig. 25A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 6 of the present invention when the assembly of the internal structure is completed.

Fig. 25B is a sectional view of the assembled internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 26 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the assembled internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 6 of the present invention, viewed from another direction.

Fig. 27 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 28 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 7 of the present invention, viewed from another direction.

Fig. 29 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 8 of the present invention.

Fig. 30A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 30B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 31 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 32A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the rectangular pyramid and the protrusions on the side surfaces of the rectangular prism in the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 32B is a view showing that the projections of the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 9 of the present invention are alternately slightly inclined for each row.

Fig. 33A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 33B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 34 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an internal structure of a fluid supply device according to embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 35A is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the triangular pyramid of the internal structure and the projection on the side surface of the triangular prism of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 35B is a view showing that the projections of the internal structure of the fluid supply device according to embodiment 10 of the present invention are alternately slightly inclined for each row.

Fig. 36 (a) to 36 (H) are views showing a plurality of modifications in which the projections and the recesses are formed on the side surfaces of the projections of the present invention, and one or more steps are formed.

Fig. 37 is a view showing a state in which a protrusion having a mounting leg is attached to one of a plurality of holes formed in an internal structure of a fluid supply apparatus in a row, relating to embodiment 11 of the present invention.

Fig. 38 (a) to 38 (M) show various forms of the projection having the mounting leg according to embodiment 11.

Fig. 39A is a view showing a fluid supply apparatus according to embodiment 12 of the present invention, which is composed of an internal structure made of an elastic material and a tube main body.

Fig. 39B shows a modification of embodiment 12 of the present invention, and is a view showing a fluid supply apparatus including an internal structure and a tube main body, in which a protrusion of the internal structure is slightly inclined in the left-right direction from the longitudinal direction of a shaft body of an internal shaft body.

Fig. 40A is a view showing a fluid supply apparatus in which a plurality of internal structures are connected to each other, relating to embodiment 13 of the present invention.

Fig. 40B is a view showing a plurality of internal structures and tube main bodies connected to each other, each made of an elastic material, according to a modification of embodiment 13 of the present invention.

Fig. 41 is a view showing a process of manufacturing divided internal structures by injection molding according to embodiment 14 of the present invention.

Fig. 42 is a side view of a 1/3 split internal structure formed by the manufacturing method of embodiment 14 of the present invention.

Fig. 43A is a three-dimensional perspective view of a divided internal structure 1/3 according to embodiment 14 of the present invention.

Fig. 43B is a three-dimensional perspective view of the 1/3 divided internal structure according to embodiment 14 of the present invention viewed from another angle.

Detailed Description

In the present description, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a machining center and other machine tools (a lathe, a drill, a boring machine, a milling machine, a grinding machine, a turning center, and the like) will be mainly described, but the application field of the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention is applicable to various applications of supplying fluid.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a machining center including a fluid supply unit to which the present invention is applied. As shown in the drawing, a plurality of different tools (tools such as a drill, a milling cutter, and an end mill) 2 of a machining center 1 are replaceably attached to a spindle 3. The spindle 3 can rotate the tool 2 by a spindle motor not shown. Further, a driving unit, not shown, for moving the spindle 3 and the tool 2 up and down is provided. Various operations such as milling, boring, and tapping can be performed by replacing the tool 2 in the machining center 1. Nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 for supplying a fluid (coolant or working fluid) are attached to the column 4 in addition to the main shaft 3. The 2 high-pressure (LOC-LINE) nozzles 5-1 and 5-2 inject the fluid supplied through the inside of the column 4 through the connection pipe 6, centering on the working portion G of the workpiece W. In addition, in the machining center 1, there are 4 small single-hole nozzles 5-3 to 5-6, and the fluid supplied through the inside of the column 4 is freely ejected at an appropriate discharge angle through the connection pipe 6. These nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 are also mounted on the column 4. In addition, the machining center 1 includes: the table 7 for moving the workpiece W on a plane includes a base 8 such as the column 4 for moving the workpiece W or the tool 2 up and down, and a fluid supply unit 9 for supplying a fluid to the tool 2 and the workpiece W. The fluid supply unit 9 includes: a working fluid tank 10 for storing a fluid, a pump 11 for causing the fluid to flow out of the working fluid tank 10, and a pipe 12 for sending the fluid from the pump 11 to a fluid supply pipe P (a "fluid supply device" according to the present invention).

The fluid flowing into the fluid supply pipe P from the pipe 12 has a predetermined flow characteristic according to the internal structure thereof while passing through the fluid supply pipe P, passes through the outlet of the fluid supply pipe P, passes through the connection pipe 6, and further passes through the inside of the column 4, and is supplied to the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6. The fluid discharged to the working site G and the like is collected by the pipe 13, and then returned to the working fluid tank 10 by filtration or the like by a filtration device (not shown). Hereinafter, various embodiments of the fluid supply pipe P (the fluid supply pipes 100 to 600, the internal structures 740 and 840, and the fluid supply pipes 900 and 1000) will be described with reference to the drawings.

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 2A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 100 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 2B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 100. Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 140 of the fluid supply tube 100, and fig. 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 140 viewed from another angle. As shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the fluid supply tube 100 includes a tube main body 110 and an internal structure 140. In fig. 2B, the fluid flows from the inlet 111 toward the outlet 112.

The tube main body 110 is composed of an inflow side member 120 and an outflow side member 130. The inflow side member 120 and the outflow side member 130 have the form of cylindrical hollow tubes. The inflow member 120 has an inflow port 111 having a predetermined diameter at one end portion and a female screw (not shown) formed by screwing the inner peripheral surface to be connected to the outflow member 130 at the other end portion. A connection portion 122 is formed on the inlet 111 side, and the connection portion 122 is connected to the pipe 12. For example, the inflow member 120 is coupled to the pipe 12 by screwing a female screw (not shown) formed on the inner peripheral surface of the coupling portion 122 to a male screw (not shown) formed on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the pipe 12. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, the inner diameters of both end portions of the inflow side member 120, that is, the inner diameters of the inflow port 111 (inflow end) and the outflow end are different, and the inner diameter of the inflow port 111 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outflow end. A taper 124 (or step) is formed between the inlet 111 and the outlet end. The present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the inflow member 120 may have the same inner diameter at both ends of the inflow end and the outflow end.

The outflow member 130 has an outflow port 112 having a predetermined diameter at one end portion and a male screw (not shown) formed by screwing the outer peripheral surface to be connected to the inflow member 120 at the other end portion. The outer peripheral surface of the male screw of the outflow-side member 130 has the same diameter as the inner diameter of the female screw of the inflow-side member 120. A connection portion 138 is formed on the side of the outflow port 112, and the connection portion 138 is connected to the connection pipe 6. For example, the outflow member 130 is coupled to the coupling pipe 6 by screwing a female screw (not shown) formed on the inner peripheral surface of the coupling portion 138 to a male screw (not shown) formed on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the connection pipe 6. A cylindrical portion 134 and a tapered portion 136 (or a step) are formed between the input end and the coupling portion 138. In the present embodiment, the inner diameters of both end portions of the outflow-side member 130, that is, the inner diameter of the outflow port 112 (outflow end) is different from the inner diameter of the inflow end, and the inner diameter of the outflow port 112 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inflow end. The present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the outflow side member 130 may have the same inner diameter at both ends. The pipe main body 110 is formed by coupling the inflow side member 120 and the outflow side member 130 to each other by screwing the female screw of the inner circumferential surface of one end of the inflow side member 120 and the male screw of the outer circumferential surface of one end of the outflow side member 130.

On the other hand, the above-described configuration of the tube main body 110 is only one embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, the connection between the inflow side member 120 and the outflow side member 130 is not limited to the above-described screw coupling, and any method of coupling mechanical parts known to those skilled in the art may be used. The forms of the inflow side member 120 and the outflow side member 130 are not limited to the form of fig. 2A, and can be arbitrarily selected by a designer or changed according to the use of the fluid supply pipe 100. That is, the outer shape of the tube main body 110 is not limited to the illustrated outer shape, and various shapes such as a square tube shape can be adopted. The inflow side member 120 or the outflow side member 130 is made of, for example, metal such as steel or aluminum, or resin such as plastic. Referring to fig. 2A and 2B together, it can be understood that the fluid supply tube 100 is configured by housing the internal structure 140 in the outflow member 130, and then coupling the male screw on the outer peripheral surface of the outflow member 130 with the female screw on the inner peripheral surface of the inflow member 120.

The internal structure 140 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; a step of forming one end portion of a cylindrical internal shaft body into a pyramid (a rectangular pyramid 141 in the case of embodiment 1); and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 140p having prism side surfaces as bottom surfaces and cylindrical side surfaces as top surfaces by forming intersecting channels 140r having side surfaces of prisms (in the case of embodiment 1, quadrangular prisms 142 having square bottom surfaces) as bottom surfaces and having the outer diameter position of the cylindrical shaft body as a top surface. The original cylindrical member has a radius the same as or slightly smaller than that of the inner wall of the pipe body 110, and is preferably sized to enter the pipe body without generating a gap.

As can be seen from fig. 4, by processing the cylindrical shaft body, a rectangular pyramid 141 is formed at the front, a rectangular prism 142 is formed at the remaining portion, and a plurality of protrusions 140p are formed on 4 side surfaces of the rectangular prism 142. The plurality of protrusions 140p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of the quadrangular prism 142, have the top surface which is the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, and have an arc-shaped height as a whole to form a dome surface. That is, as shown in fig. 2B, when the internal structure 140 is inserted and fixed into the tube main body 110, the rectangular pyramid 141 causes the fluid flowing in to spread radially from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110, and guides the fluid to 4 side surfaces of the rectangular prism 142. Further, the fluid reaching the respective side surfaces flows in the intersecting flow paths 140r formed between the plurality of protrusions 140p, and because the cylindrical inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 is substantially the same in height (without gaps) as the plurality of protrusions 140p, the fluid flows in the intersecting flow paths 140r between the plurality of protrusions 140p (that is, there is substantially no fluid flowing in the top surfaces of the plurality of protrusions 140 p).

Fig. 5A is a plan view showing one side surface of the internal structure 140, showing the arrangement of the rectangular pyramid 141 and the protrusions 140p, and the vertex angle of the rectangular pyramid 141 on the upstream side is, for example, 60 degrees. Of course, the angle may be changed as appropriate. On 4 side surfaces of the quadrangular prism 142 on the downstream side, diamond-shaped (bottom surface shape) protrusions 140p having an apex angle of 41.11 ° are formed in a net shape. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, as shown in fig. 5B, the intersecting flow path 140r formed between the plurality of projections 140p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 140p formed on one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 3, 4, 3, … …, and 4 from upstream to downstream, and 49 on one side surface, and the total of 4 side surfaces was 196. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 140p may be other than the ones having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, triangular, polygonal, or other ones), and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 5A and 5B. This modification can be performed in the same manner in other embodiments described below.

The flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply pipe 100 will be described below. The fluid flowing into the pipe 12 (see fig. 1) through the inlet 111 by the pump 11 with the impeller turned right or left collides with the rectangular pyramid 141 of the inner shaft 140 through the space of the tapered part 124 of the inlet side member 120, and spreads from the center of the fluid supply pipe 100 to the outside (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid). The diffused fluid reaches each side surface of the quadrangular prism 142, and advances between narrow intersecting channels 140r (having an intersection angle of 41.11 °) formed between a plurality of protrusions 140p having rhombic bottom surfaces formed by 3, 4, and 3 … … from the upstream side to the downstream side, and having circular top surfaces with cylindrical top surfaces. At this time, the strength of the flow of the fluid in the intersecting flow paths is substantially the same in the direction from the upstream to the downstream in fig. 5A, from the diagonally upstream left to the diagonally downstream right, as in the case of the strength of the flow of the fluid in the intersecting flow paths. The angle of the direction of these 2 flows was the above-described intersection angle (41.11 °). The fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 140p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting channels 140 r. In fig. 5A, the fluid flowing to the left end (upper end in fig. 5A) of the side surface of the quadrangular prism 142 turns back, that is, flows from upstream to downstream, from right diagonally upstream to left diagonally downstream, to flow from left diagonally upstream to right diagonally downstream; the fluid flowing to the right end (lower end in fig. 5A) turns back, that is, flows from upstream to downstream, in a direction from left diagonally upstream to right diagonally downstream, and flows from right diagonally upstream to left diagonally downstream. The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 140r formed by the plurality of protrusions 140p, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. Further, according to the multi-stage mesh arrangement of the plurality of protrusions 140p, a turning phenomenon occurs in which the fluid flows alternately in the intersecting flow paths 140r and is switched to the left and right. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described configuration of the protrusion 140p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids having different properties.

The internal structure 140 has a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (the rectangular pyramid 141) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (the intersecting flow path 140r formed between the plurality of protrusions 140 p). This configuration varies the static pressure of the fluid. The relationship of pressure, velocity, and position energy in a state where no external energy is applied to the fluid is expressed as the following bernoulli equation.

Here, p is the pressure at a point within the streamline, ρ is the density of the fluid, ρ is the velocity of the flow at that point, g is the gravitational acceleration, h is the height of that point relative to the reference plane, and k is a constant. The bernoulli's theorem expressed as the above equation is a theorem applying the law of conservation of energy to a fluid, and shows that the sum of the energies of all forms on a flow line is always constant with respect to the flowing fluid. According to bernoulli's theorem, the fluid velocity is slow and the static pressure is high upstream with a large cross-sectional area. In contrast, the fluid velocity is high and the static pressure is low downstream of the small cross-sectional area.

In the case where the fluid is a liquid, the liquid begins to vaporize when the reduced static pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid. Such a phenomenon that the static pressure becomes lower than the saturated vapor pressure (3000 to 4000Pa in the case of water) in a very short time at substantially the same temperature and the liquid is rapidly vaporized is called cavitation (cavitation). The internal configuration of the fluid supply tube 100 of the present invention induces such cavitation. This phenomenon is likely to occur in the case of a water-soluble coolant containing water as a main component. By the cavitation phenomenon, a large number of small bubbles are generated by boiling a liquid with a nucleus of a fine bubble having a size of 100 μm or less existing in the liquid. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. The improvement in permeability results in an increase in cooling efficiency. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 140p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles. In this case, the generated microbubbles also lower the surface tension of water, thereby improving permeability and lubricity. The improvement in permeability results in an increase in cooling effect.

In the case of water, 1 water molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the other 4 water molecules, and it is not easy to break the hydrogen bond network. Therefore, water has a very high boiling point and melting point and exhibits high viscosity as compared with other liquids that do not form hydrogen bonds. Water has a high boiling point and is therefore frequently used as cooling water for a machining apparatus for grinding or the like because of its excellent cooling effect, but has a problem that the size of water molecules is large and the permeability and lubricity to a machining site are poor. Therefore, a special lubricating oil (i.e., cutting oil) other than water is often used alone or in combination with water. However, when the supply pipe of the present invention is used, the water is vaporized by the cavitation phenomenon described above, and as a result, the hydrogen bond network of the water is broken and the viscosity is lowered. Therefore, according to the present invention, the machining quality, that is, the performance of the machine tool can be improved by using only water without using a special lubricating oil.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 140r on each side surface of the quadrangular prism 142 of the inner shaft body 140 flows to the downstream end of the inner structure 140. At the downstream end, the fluid flows out into the space where the downstream tapered portion 136 of the outflow member 130 exists, while switching the flow direction in the left-right direction, due to the inversion phenomenon. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1. The fluid ejected from the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 is sufficiently sheared, stirred, diffused, and mixed at a fine level in the fluid supply pipe P (the fluid supply pipe 100 in fig. 2B), and in the case of an oil-based coolant, the lubricity is originally superior to that of a water-soluble coolant, the viscosity is reduced, the permeability is also improved, and the cooling effect is improved. In the case where the fluid contains a large amount of microbubbles (particularly, in the case of an aqueous coolant) by passing through the narrow intersecting flow path 140r between the plurality of projections 140p, the fluid is exposed to the atmospheric pressure by being discharged from the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6, and the fluid collides with the tool 2 and the workpiece W, and bubbles are broken or exploded and disappear. The vibration and impact generated in the process of eliminating the bubbles as described above effectively remove the sludge and chips generated in the working portion G. In other words, the microbubbles disappear and the cleaning effect around the working portion G is improved.

By providing the fluid supply pipe 100 of the present invention in a fluid supply portion of a machine tool or the like, a coolant or a machining fluid is supplied as a fluid having a sufficient ejection force through a nozzle, and heat generated between a tool and a workpiece can be cooled more efficiently than in the past, so that permeability and lubricity can be improved, and machining accuracy can be improved. Further, by effectively removing chips of the workpiece from the machining portion, the life of the tool such as a cutting edge can be extended, and the cost for replacing the tool can be saved.

In the present embodiment, since the rectangular pyramid 141 and the rectangular prism 142 each having the plurality of mesh-like protrusions 140p (intersecting flow paths 140r therebetween) are formed by processing 1 cylindrical member to form the internal structure 140, the internal structure 140 is manufactured as a single integrated member. Therefore, after the internal structure 140 is housed inside the outflow member 130, the fluid supply tube 100 can be manufactured by a simple process of coupling (for example, screwing) the outflow member 130 and the inflow member 120. Further, although the rectangular pyramid 141 for efficiently dispersing the inflow fluid to each side surface is provided at the upstream portion of the internal structure 140, this is not essential. In the inner structure 140, a plurality of protrusions 140p may be formed in a mesh shape on the side surface of the quadrangular prism 142. Further, the downstream end of the inner structure 140 is a bottom surface (a quadrangle or a square) of the quadrangular prism 142, but a quadrangular pyramid may be provided at the downstream end to guide the fluid to the center of the outlet 112 of the tube main body 110. This is also true in other embodiments described below.

In the fluid supply device of the present embodiment, in particular, since the cross flow path 140r is formed on the side surface, i.e., the plane, of the prism (the quadrangular prism 142 in the present embodiment), high accuracy is not required, and manufacturing becomes simple. The fluid supply device may impart at least one of flow characteristics of (i) generation of a large number of fine bubbles, (ii) mixing of a plurality of fluids, and (iii) stirring/diffusion of the fluid while the fluid flows in the flow path between the protrusion and the protrusion. As a result, the coolant and the working fluid can be supplied to various machine tools such as various lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines, grinding machines, and turning centers in addition to the machining center. In addition, the present invention can also be effectively used for an apparatus for mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids (liquid and liquid, liquid and gas, gas and gas, or the like). Further, when the fluid supply device is applied to a combustion engine, fuel and air are sufficiently mixed, thereby improving combustion efficiency. Further, when the fluid supply device is applied to a washing apparatus, the washing effect can be further improved as compared with a general washing apparatus. The fluid supply apparatus of the present invention is useful for various applications including removal of pollutants by generating microbubbles containing air, hydrogen, oxygen, ozone, and other gases. These effects can be similarly achieved in other embodiments described below.

(embodiment 2)

Next, a fluid supply tube 200 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 6A to 8B. The same configuration as that of embodiment 1 will not be described, and the different portions will be described in detail. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of embodiment 1. Fig. 6A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 200 of embodiment 2, and fig. 6B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 200. As shown in fig. 6A and 6B, the fluid supply tube 200 includes a tube main body 110 and an internal structure 240. Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 240. The pipe main body 110 according to embodiment 2 is the same as that according to embodiment 1, and description thereof will be omitted. In fig. 6B, the fluid flows from the inlet 111 toward the outlet 112. As shown in fig. 6B, the fluid supply tube 200 is configured by housing the internal structure 240 in the outflow member 130 and then coupling the male screw on the outer peripheral surface of the outflow member 130 with the female screw on the inner peripheral surface of the inflow member 120.

As in embodiment 1, the internal structure 240 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The process comprises the following steps: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; a step of forming one end portion of the cylindrical inner shaft body into a triangular pyramid 241; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 240p having a side surface with a bottom surface formed as a triangular prism 242 and a side surface with a top surface formed as a cylindrical side surface by forming an intersecting channel 240r having a position of the outer diameter of the shaft body with a bottom surface formed as a triangular prism 242 and a top surface formed as a cylindrical top surface. Further, the bottom surface of the triangular prism 242 is a regular triangle.

As shown in fig. 7, a columnar shaft body is machined to form a triangular pyramid 241 at the front, a triangular prism 242 at the remaining portion, and a plurality of protrusions 240p on 3 side surfaces of triangular prism 242. The plurality of protrusions 240p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of triangular prism 242, and have a dome surface with an arc-shaped height as a whole, with the top surface being the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body. That is, when the internal structure 240 is inserted and fixed to the tube main body 110 as shown in fig. 6B, the triangular pyramid 241 guides the fluid flowing in by spreading the fluid from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110 to each side surface of the triangular prism 242. Further, the fluid reaching each side surface flows in the intersecting flow path 240r formed between the plurality of protrusions 240p, and since the cylindrical inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 is substantially the same in height (without a gap) as the plurality of protrusions 240p, the fluid flows in the narrow intersecting flow path 240r between the plurality of protrusions 240p (that is, there is substantially no fluid flowing on the top surfaces of the plurality of protrusions 240 p).

Fig. 8A is a plan view showing one side surface of the internal structure 240, showing an arrangement of the triangular pyramid 241 and the plurality of protrusions 240p, and the apex angle of the upstream triangular pyramid 241 is, for example, 90 degrees. Of course, the angle may be changed as appropriate. Further, on 3 side surfaces of downstream triangular prism 242, rhombic protrusions 240p (in the shape of a bottom surface) having an apex angle of 41.11 ° are formed in a net shape. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, as shown in fig. 8B, the intersecting flow path 240r formed between the plurality of projections 240p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 240p formed on one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 5, 4, 5, … …, and 4 from upstream to downstream, and 63 on one side surface, with the total of 3 side surfaces being 189. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 240p may be other than the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, a triangle, a polygon, or the like) as in embodiment 1, and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 8A and 8B.

Hereinafter, the flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply tube 200 will be described. The fluid flowing in through the inlet 111 collides with the triangular pyramid 241 of the inner shaft body 240 through the space of the tapered part 124 of the inlet-side member 120, and spreads outward (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the triangular pyramid 241) from the center of the fluid supply pipe 200. The diffused fluid reaches each side surface of triangular prism 242, and advances between narrow intersecting flow paths 240r (intersection angle of 41.11 °) formed from 5, 4, and 5 … … from the upstream side, between a plurality of protrusions 240p having rhombic bottom surfaces and cylindrical top surfaces and rounded top surfaces. From the upstream to the downstream in fig. 8A, the intensity of the flow in the direction from the left diagonally upstream to the right diagonally downstream is substantially the same as the intensity of the flow in the direction from the right diagonally upstream to the left diagonally downstream. The fluid collides with the plurality of projections 240p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting channels 240 r. In the present embodiment, the flow is also folded back from the left and right end portions (each end portion on the upper side and the lower side of fig. 8A) of the side surface of triangular prism 242 of fig. 8A. The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 240r formed by the plurality of protrusions 240p, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. Further, due to the multi-stage mesh arrangement of the plurality of protrusions 240p, a reverse phenomenon occurs in which the alternating flow is switched between left and right in the intersecting flow path 240 r. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described configuration of the protrusion portion 240p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids having different properties.

The internal structure 240 has a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (a triangular pyramid 241) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (a cross flow path 240r formed between the plurality of protrusions 240 p). As described in embodiment 1, the static pressure is low according to the bernoulli equation, and the cavitation phenomenon causes the liquid to boil and generate a large number of small bubbles with the nuclei of fine bubbles of 100 μm or less present in the liquid as nuclei. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 240p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 240r on each side surface of the triangular prism 242 of the inner shaft body 240 flows to the end of the inner structure 240. At the downstream end portion, the fluid flows out to the space where the downstream tapered portion 136 of the outflow side member 130 exists, while switching the flow in the left-right direction, due to the inversion phenomenon. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1.

Further, the triangular pyramid 241 for efficiently dispersing the inflow fluid to each side surface is provided at the upstream portion of the internal structure 240, but this is not an essential configuration. In internal structure 240, a plurality of protrusions 240p may be formed in a mesh shape on the side surfaces of triangular prism 242. Further, the downstream end of the inner structure 240 is a bottom surface (triangle) of the triangular prism 242, but a triangular pyramid may be provided at the downstream end to guide the fluid to the center of the outlet 112 of the tube main body 110. This is also true in other embodiments described below.

(embodiment 3)

Next, a fluid supply tube 300 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 9A to 9B. In the present embodiment, the same configurations as those in embodiment 1 will not be described, and the portions that differ will be described in detail. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in embodiment 1. Fig. 9A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 300 of embodiment 3, and fig. 9B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 300. As shown in fig. 9A and 9B, the fluid supply tube 300 includes a tube main body 110, a 1 st inner structure (outer inner structure) 340, and a 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 350. The internal structure 340 is a rectangular prism 342 similar to that of embodiment 1, but has a rectangular parallelepiped hollow penetrating cavity 341 formed therein, and the No. 2 internal structure 350 is housed in the cavity 341. Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the 2 nd internal structure 350 in the middle of storage of the internal structure 340. Fig. 11A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the inner structure 340 in a state in which the 2 nd inner structure 350 is housed, and fig. 11B is a partial sectional view thereof.

The 1 st and 2 nd internal structures 340 and 350 are formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a columnar member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like, as in embodiment 1. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The process comprises the following steps: a step of preparing an inner shaft body having the outer shape of a prism (a quadrangular prism in embodiment 3); a step of forming a rectangular pyramid 251 at the upstream end of the inner shaft body; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 350p by forming intersecting channels 350r on the outer surface of the inner shaft body (specifically, forming intersecting channels 350r having a predetermined depth from the side surfaces of the quadrangular prism, thereby forming a plurality of protrusions 350p having the bottom surface at the same height as the bottom surface of the intersecting channels 350r and the top surface at the height of the side surfaces of the quadrangular prism). The inner structure 350 is thus formed. And further comprising: preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body; a step of forming (if necessary, providing a tapered guide portion 343 on the inlet 4 side) the inner shaft body so as to penetrate through a hollow 341 having a hollow prismatic shape (in embodiment 3, a quadrangular shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a square bottom surface) disposed inside the outer inner shaft body; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 340p having a prism-shaped bottom surface and a cylindrical top surface by forming intersecting channels 340r having a prism-shaped bottom surface (a quadrangular prism 342 in embodiment 3) side surface and a cylindrical top surface at the outer diameter position with respect to the cylindrical outer inner shaft body. The outer inner structure 340 is formed in this manner. The inner internal structure 350 having the plurality of protrusions 350p formed therein is assembled by disposing the hollow 341 of the outer internal structure 340 having the plurality of protrusions 340p formed therein.

As shown in fig. 10 to 12, the outer inner structure 340 is formed into a quadrangular prism 342 by processing a cylindrical shaft body, and a plurality of protrusions 340p are formed on 4 side surfaces of the quadrangular prism 342. The plurality of protrusions 340p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of the quadrangular prism 342, have the same top surface as the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, have an arc-shaped height overall, and have rounded top surfaces. The outer inner structure 340 has a rectangular parallelepiped hollow 341 formed therein, and a tapered guide portion 343 formed on the 4-side of the entrance.

The inner structure 350 has a rectangular pyramid 351 on the fluid inflow side, and the remaining portion thereof has a shape of a rectangular prism 352, and has a plurality of protrusions 350p formed on 4 side surfaces. The plurality of protrusions 350p are arranged in a mesh shape, and the height thereof is set to a constant height. That is, the top surface of the protrusion 350p is fixed to a position that is the same as or slightly lower (smaller) than the height (or width) of the inner wall of the hollow 341 formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape in the outer inner structure 340 (see fig. 12). That is, the longitudinal and lateral widths (the lengths of the sides of the square in cross section) of the cavity 341 are set to be equal to or slightly larger than the distance between the surfaces of the protrusions 350p protruding from the two parallel side surfaces of the inner structural body 350, so that the distance between the protrusions 350p and the wall surface of the cavity 341 substantially disappears. As shown in fig. 11A, 11B, or 12, when the inner internal structure 350 is inserted into the outer internal structure 340, and further, as shown in fig. 9B, when the inner internal structure is inserted and fixed into the tube main body 110, the rectangular pyramid 351 guides the fluid flowing in by diffusing the fluid from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110 to each side surface of the rectangular prism 352. Further, a guide portion 343 having 4 tapered sides formed at the inlet of the cavity 341 of the inner structure 340 guides the fluid to each side surface of the quadrangular prism 342. That is, in embodiment 3, the fluid flowing in from the inlet 111 of the tube main body 110 is divided into 2 portions, i.e., the fluid flowing into the cavity 341 through the rectangular pyramid 351 and passing through the intersecting flow path 350r formed in the inner internal structure 350, and the fluid flowing into the outlet 112 after being divided into 2 portions, i.e., the fluid flowing from the inlet 111 directly or through the rectangular pyramid 351 and the guide portion 343 and passing through the flow path 340r formed in the outer internal structure 340.

Fig. 13A is a plan view showing one side surface of the internal structure 340 and showing an arrangement of a plurality of protrusions 340p, and the protrusions 340p are formed in a net shape in diamond shapes (shapes of bottom surfaces) having an apex angle of 41.11 ° as in embodiment 1, although not shown in the drawings, on 4 side surfaces of a quadrangular prism 342. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, the intersecting flow path 340r formed between the plurality of projections 340p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 340p formed on the one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 3, 4, 3, … …, and 4 from upstream to downstream, and 49 protrusions were formed on the one side surface, and the total of 4 side surfaces was 196 protrusions. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 340p may be other than the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, a triangle, a polygon, or the like) as in embodiment 1, and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 13A.

Fig. 13B shows an arrangement of the rectangular pyramid 351 at the upstream of the inner structure 350 and the plurality of protrusions 350p on one side surface of the rectangular prism 352 on a plane. The apex angle of the rectangular pyramid 351 on the upstream side is, for example, 60 degrees. Of course, the angle may be changed as appropriate. Although not shown in the drawings, diamond-shaped protrusions 350p having an apex angle of 41.11 ° (the shape of the bottom surface) are formed in a net shape on 4 side surfaces of the downstream quadrangular prism 352, similarly to the outer inner structure 340. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, the intersecting flow path 350r formed between the plurality of projections 350p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 350p formed on one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 1, 2, 1, … …, and 2 from upstream to downstream, and 21 on one side surface, with the total of 4 side surfaces being 84. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 350p may be other than the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, triangular, polygonal, or other protrusions) as in the case of the protrusions 340p of the outer inner structure 340, and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, etc.) according to fig. 13B.

The flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply pipe 300 will be described below. The fluid flowing in through the inlet 111 collides with the rectangular pyramid 351 of the internal structure 350 through the space of the tapered portion 124 of the inlet side member 120, and spreads outward (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid) from the center of the fluid supply pipe 300. A part of the fluid flows into the cross flow path 350r formed between the inner structure 350 and the cavity 341. The remaining part of the fluid is guided by the 4-side guide 343 of the inner structure 340 and flows into the inner cross flow path 340r formed between the outer inner structure 340 and the tube main body 110. In the fluid flowing into the intersecting flow path 340r between the plurality of projections 340p in fig. 13A and the intersecting flow path 350r between the plurality of projections 350p in fig. 13B, the strength of the fluid flowing from the left diagonally upstream to the right diagonally downstream is substantially the same as the strength of the fluid flowing from the right diagonally upstream to the left diagonally downstream. In the present embodiment, the flow is also folded back from the left and right end portions (each end portion on the upper side and the lower side of fig. 13A) of the side surfaces of the quadrangular prism 342 in fig. 13A. On the other hand, as shown in fig. 12, since each side of the side surface of the quadrangular prism 352 of the inner structure 350 (each end portion on the upper side and the lower side of fig. 13B) is at a constant distance from each side of the side surface of the rectangular parallelepiped of the cavity 341, there is a possibility that the fluid moves from the flow path on one side surface to the flow path on the other side surface at the upper and lower end portions of the side surface of the quadrangular prism 352.

The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 340r formed by the plurality of protrusions 340p of the outer inner structure 340 and the plurality of narrow flow paths 350r formed by the plurality of protrusions 350p of the inner structure 350, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. In the outer inner structure 340, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 340p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 340 r. In the inner structure 350, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 350p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 350 r. Further, due to the multi-stage mesh arrangement of the plurality of projections 340p, 350p, a reversal phenomenon occurs in which the alternating flows are switched left and right in the intersecting flow paths 340r, 350 r. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described configuration of the protrusions 340p, 350p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids having different properties.

The internal structures 340 and 350 have a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (the rectangular pyramid 351) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (the cross flow path 340r formed between the plurality of protrusions 340p and the cross flow path 350r formed between the plurality of protrusions 350 p). As described in embodiment 1, the static pressure is low according to the bernoulli equation, and the cavitation phenomenon causes the liquid to boil and generate a large number of small bubbles with the nuclei of fine bubbles of 100 μm or less present in the liquid as nuclei. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 340p and 350p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 340r on each side surface of the quadrangular prism 342 of the inner shaft body 340 flows toward the end of the inner structure 340. The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 350r on each side surface of the quadrangular prism 352 of the inner shaft body 350 flows to the end of the inner structure 350. At each downstream end portion, the fluid flows out to the space where the taper portion 136 on the downstream side of the outflow-side member 130 exists while switching the flow direction in the left-right direction by the inversion phenomenon, and merges. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1.

Further, although the rectangular pyramid 351 for efficiently dispersing the inflow fluid to each side surface is provided at the upstream portion of the internal structure 350, this is not essential. The inner structure 350 may have a plurality of protrusions 350p formed in a mesh shape on the side surfaces of the quadrangular prism 352. Further, the downstream end of the inner structure 350 is a bottom surface (quadrangle) of the quadrangular column 352, but a quadrangular pyramid may be provided at the downstream end so as to partially protrude from the outlet of the hollow 341 and guide the fluid to the center of the outlet 112 of the tube main body 110. Further, although the hollow 341 of the outer inner structure 340 of embodiment 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the hollow 341 may be formed in a columnar shape, and a plurality of protrusions having an arc-shaped surface may be provided in a net shape from the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism in the inner structure 350. That is, the projections may have an arc-like height similar to the projections 340p of the outer inner structure 340.

(embodiment 4)

Next, a fluid supply tube 400 according to embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 14A to 18B. In the present embodiment, the same configurations as those in embodiment 2 or 3 will not be described, and the portions that differ will be described in detail. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in embodiment 3. Fig. 14A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 400 of embodiment 4, and fig. 14B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 400. As shown in fig. 14A and 14B, the fluid supply tube 400 includes a tube main body 110, a 1 st inner structure (outer inner structure) 440, and a 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 450. The internal structure 440 is a triangular prism 442 (bottom surface is a regular triangle) as in embodiment 2, but a hollow penetrating cavity 441 (bottom surface is a regular triangle in which the length of each side is smaller than that of the bottom surface of the triangular prism 442) is formed in a triangular prism shape inside, and the 2 nd internal structure 450 is housed in the cavity 441. Fig. 15 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the 2 nd internal structure 450 of the internal structure 440 during storage. Fig. 16A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the state in which the 2 nd internal structure 450 is housed in the internal structure 440, and fig. 16B is a partial sectional view thereof. Fig. 17 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the state in which the 2 nd internal structure 450 is housed in the internal structure 440 viewed from another angle.

The 1 st and 2 nd internal structures 440 and 450 are formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a columnar member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like, as in embodiment 3. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: preparing an inner shaft body having the outer shape of a triangular prism; a step of forming a triangular pyramid at an upstream end of the inner shaft body; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 450p by forming intersecting channels 450r on the outer surface of the inner shaft body (specifically, forming intersecting channels 450r having a predetermined depth from the side surfaces of the triangular prism, thereby forming a plurality of protrusions 450p having the bottom surface at the same height as the bottom surface of the intersecting channels and the top surface at the height of the side surfaces of the triangular prism). The inner structure 450 is thus formed. Also, the apparatus comprises: preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body; a step of forming an inner shaft body to penetrate through a hollow triangular prism-shaped cavity 441 disposed inside the outer shaft body; and forming a plurality of protrusions 440p having a bottom surface formed as a side surface of a triangular prism and a top surface formed as a side surface of a cylinder by forming a cross flow path 440r having a bottom surface formed as a side surface of a triangular prism and an outer diameter position of a cylinder with respect to the cylindrical outer inner shaft body. The outer inner structure 440 is thus formed. The assembly can be performed by disposing the inner internal structure 450 having the plurality of protrusions 450p and the intersecting flow path 450r in the hollow 441 of the outer internal structure 440 having the plurality of protrusions 440p and the intersecting flow path 440 r.

As shown in fig. 15 to 17, by machining a cylindrical shaft body, outer inner structure 440 forms triangular prism 442, and a plurality of protrusions 440p are formed on 3 side surfaces of triangular prism 442. The plurality of protrusions 440p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of the triangular prism 442, have the same top surface as the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, and have a circular-arc height as a whole and a rounded top surface. The outer inner structure 440 has a hollow 441 penetrating a triangular prism formed therein, and a tapered guide portion 443 is formed on the 3 sides of the inlet.

On the other hand, the inner internal structure 450 has a triangular pyramid 451 on the fluid inflow side, and the remaining portion thereof has the shape of a triangular prism 452 (the bottom surface is a regular triangle, and the length of each side is shorter than the triangular prism 442 of the outer internal structure 440), and a plurality of protrusions 450p are formed on 3 side surfaces. The plurality of protrusions 450p are arranged in a mesh shape, and the height thereof is set to a constant height. That is, the top surface of the protrusion 450p is fixed to the same height as or slightly lower than the height of the inner wall of the hollow 441 formed in the outer internal structure 440 and having a triangular prism shape (see fig. 17). That is, as shown in fig. 16A, 16B, or 17, when the internal structure 450 is inserted into the internal structure 440, and further, as shown in fig. 14B, when the internal structure is inserted and fixed to the tube main body 110, the triangular pyramid 451 guides the fluid flowing in by spreading it from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110 to each side surface of the triangular prism 452. Further, the guide 443 having 3 tapered sides of the inner structure 440 guides the fluid to each side surface of the triangular prism 442. That is, in embodiment 4, the fluid flowing in from the inlet 111 of the tube main body 110 is divided into 2 parts of the fluid supplied through the triangular pyramid 451 and the intersecting flow path 450r formed in the inner internal structure 450 arranged in the cavity 441 and the fluid supplied directly or through the triangular pyramid 451 and the guide portion 443 and the fluid supplied through the flow path 440r formed in the outer internal structure 440, and the fluid divided into 2 parts joins at their respective downstream ends and flows to the outlet 112.

Fig. 18A is a plan view showing one side surface of the internal structure 440, showing the arrangement of the protrusions 440p, and the protrusions 440p are formed in a net shape in rhombic shapes (bottom surface shapes) having an apex angle of 41.11 °, as in embodiments 1 to 3, although not shown, on 3 side surfaces of the triangular prism 442. In addition, the top angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, the intersecting flow path 440r formed between the plurality of projections 440p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 440p formed on one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 5, 4, 5, … …, and 4 from upstream to downstream, and 63 on one side surface and the total of 3 side surfaces was 189. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 440p may be changed as appropriate (angle, interval, etc.) according to fig. 18A, instead of the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, triangular, polygonal, or other protrusions) as in embodiments 1 to 3.

Fig. 18B shows, on a plane, an arrangement of the triangular pyramid 451 on the upstream side of the inner structure 450 and the protrusion 450p on one side surface of the downstream triangular prism 452. The apex angle of the triangular pyramid 451 is, for example, 90 degrees, and the angle can be changed as appropriate. Although not shown in the drawings, on 3 side surfaces of triangular prism 452, diamond-shaped (bottom surface shape) protrusions 450p having an apex angle of 41.11 ° are formed in a mesh shape, similarly to the plurality of protrusions 440p of triangular prism 442 of internal structure 440. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. Therefore, the intersecting flow path 450r formed between the plurality of projections 450p also has an intersecting angle of 41.11 °. Specifically, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 450p formed on one side surface were formed into 14 rows of 1, 2, 1, … …, and 2 from upstream to downstream, and 21 on one side surface, with the total of 3 side surfaces being 63. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 450p may be other than the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, a triangle, a polygon, or the like) and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 13B, similarly to the plurality of protrusions 440p on the triangular prism 442 of the internal structure 440.

The flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply pipe 400 will be described below. The fluid flowing in through the inlet 111 collides with the triangular pyramid 451 of the inner structure 450 through the space of the tapered part 124 of the inlet side member 120, and spreads outward (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid) from the center of the fluid supply pipe 400. A part of the fluid flows into the cross flow path 450r formed between the inner structure 450 and the hollow 441 in the shape of a hollow triangular prism. The remaining part of the fluid is guided by the 3-sided guide 443 of the inner structure 440 and flows into the internal intersecting flow channel 440r formed between the outer inner structure 440 and the tube main body 110. In the fluid flowing into the intersecting flow path 440r between the plurality of projections 440p in fig. 18A and the intersecting flow path 450r between the plurality of projections 450p in fig. 18B, the strength of the fluid flowing from the left diagonally upstream to the right diagonally downstream is substantially the same as the strength of the fluid flowing from the right diagonally upstream to the left diagonally downstream. In the present embodiment, the flow is also folded back from the left and right end portions (each end portion on the upper side and the lower side of fig. 18A) of the side surface of triangular prism 442 in fig. 18A. On the other hand, as shown in fig. 17, since each side of the side surface of triangular prism 452 of inner internal structure 450 (each end portion on the upper side and the lower side in fig. 18B) is at a constant distance from each side of the side surface of hollow 441 of the triangular prism, there is a possibility that the fluid moves from the flow path on one side surface to the flow path on the other side surface at the upper and lower end portions of the side surface of triangular prism 452.

The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 440r formed by the plurality of protrusions 440p of the outer inner structure 440 and the plurality of narrow flow paths 450r formed by the plurality of protrusions 450p of the inner structure 450, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. In outer inner structure 440, the fluid collides with and is sheared by the plurality of protrusions 440p, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 440 r. In the inner structure 450, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 450p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 450 r. Further, depending on the multi-stage mesh arrangement of the plurality of projections 440p and 450p, a reverse phenomenon occurs in which the alternate flow is switched between left and right in the intersecting flow paths 440r and 450 r. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described configuration of the protrusions 440p, 450p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more fluids having different properties.

The internal structures 440 and 450 have a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (the triangular pyramid 451) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (the cross flow path 440r formed between the plurality of protrusions 440p and the cross flow path 450r formed between the plurality of protrusions 450 p). As described in embodiment 1, the static pressure is low according to the bernoulli equation, and the cavitation phenomenon causes the liquid to boil and generate a large number of small bubbles with the nuclei of fine bubbles of 100 μm or less present in the liquid as nuclei. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 440p and 450p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 440r on each side surface of the triangular prism 442 of the inner shaft body 440 flows to the end of the inner structure 440. The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 450r on each side surface of triangular prism 452 of inner shaft body 450 flows to the end of inner structure 450. At each downstream end portion, the fluid flows out to the space where the taper portion 136 on the downstream side of the outflow-side member 130 exists while switching the flow direction in the left-right direction, and merges due to the inversion phenomenon. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1.

Further, the triangular pyramid 451 for efficiently dispersing the fluid flowing in to each side surface is provided at the upstream portion of the internal structure 450, but this is not essential. The inner structure 450 may have a plurality of protrusions 450p formed in a mesh shape on the side surfaces of the triangular prism 452. Further, the downstream end of the inner structure 450 is a bottom surface (regular triangle) of the triangular prism 452, but a triangular pyramid may be provided at the downstream end so as to partially protrude from the outlet of the cavity 441 and guide the fluid to the center of the outlet 112 of the tube main body 110. In addition, although the cavity 441 of the outer internal structure 440 of embodiment 4 is in the shape of a hollow triangular prism (a square cross section), the cavity 441 may be in the shape of a cylinder, and a plurality of protrusions having an arc-shaped surface may be provided in a net shape from the bottom surface of the triangular prism on the inner internal structure 450. That is, the projections may have a height that changes in an arc shape, similar to the projections 440p of the outer inner structure 440.

(embodiment 5)

Next, a fluid supply tube 500 according to embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 19A to 22. In the present embodiment, the same configurations as those in embodiment 3 will not be described, and the portions that differ will be described in detail. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in embodiment 3. Fig. 19A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 500 of the 5 th embodiment, and fig. 19B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 500. As shown in fig. 19A and 19B, the fluid supply tube 500 includes a tube main body 110, a 1 st inner structure (outer inner structure) 540, and a 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 550. The internal structure 540 includes a quadrangular prism 542 (the bottom surface is square) similar to that of embodiment 3, but a hollow cylindrical through-hole 541 is formed inside, and the 2 nd internal structure 550 is housed in the hole 541. The outer inner structure 540 has a truncated rectangular pyramid 543 with a rectangular pyramid head cut away, and has a tip shape. More specifically, as shown in fig. 19A, the cut-out portion has a circular cross section. Fig. 20 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the 2 nd internal structure 550 in the middle of storage of the internal structure 540. Fig. 21A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 540 with the 2 nd internal structure 550 housed therein, and fig. 21B is a partial sectional view thereof.

The 1 st and 2 nd internal structures 540 and 550 are formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a columnar member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like, as in embodiment 3. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: preparing an inner shaft body having a cylindrical outer shape; a step of forming one to a plurality of blades 551 having a spiral shape (for example, counterclockwise) at an upstream end of the inner shaft; forming a plurality of protrusions 550p, each having a bottom surface at the same height as the bottom surface of the cross flow path and a top surface at the same height as the side surface of the cylinder, by forming the cross flow path 550r at a predetermined depth from the side surface of the cylinder on the outer surface of the downstream side of the inner shaft; and a step of forming a dome-shaped or conical guide 552 on the downstream end of the inner shaft body, and forming the inner structural body 550 through these steps. In a more specific example, the plurality of projections 550p are formed by forming a plurality of annular or spiral (e.g., counterclockwise) intersecting channels 550r as intersecting channels. Preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body; a step of forming a truncated rectangular pyramid 543 on the upstream side of the outer inner shaft body; a step in which the inner shaft body penetrates a hollow cylindrical cavity 541 (having a circular inlet) disposed inside; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 540p having a bottom surface as a side surface of a prism and a top surface as a side surface of a column by forming intersecting channels 540r having a bottom surface as a side surface of a prism (a quadrangular prism 542 in embodiment 5) and an outer diameter position of a column with respect to the cylindrical outer inner shaft body, thereby manufacturing the outer inner structure 540. Further, the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism 542 is square. The 2 inner structures 540 and 550 are assembled by disposing the inner structure 550 having the plurality of protrusions 550p and the plurality of spiral channels 550r in the hollow 541 of the outer inner structure 540 having the plurality of protrusions 540p and the plurality of spiral channels 540 r.

As shown in fig. 20 to 21B, the outer inner structure 540 has a truncated rectangular pyramid 543 at the tip thereof, a rectangular prism 542 at the downstream side thereof, and a plurality of protrusions 540p on 4 side surfaces of the rectangular prism 542, by processing a cylindrical shaft body. The plurality of protrusions 540p are arranged in a mesh shape, have bottom surfaces identical to side surfaces (outer surfaces) of the quadrangular prism 542, and have top surfaces that are outer surfaces of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, and have a circular-arc height as a whole and rounded top surfaces. The arrangement of the plurality of protrusions 540p is the same as that described in embodiment 3. The outer inner structure 540 has a hollow cylindrical through-hole 541 formed therein from the circular tip of the truncated quadrangular pyramid 543.

On the other hand, the inner structure 550 has, for example, 3 spiral blades 551 (generating a counterclockwise swirling flow) on the fluid inflow side, and a plurality of intersecting channels 550r and a plurality of protrusions 550p are formed in a cylindrical shape in the subsequent portion. The plurality of protrusions 550p are arranged in a mesh shape, and the height thereof is set to be constant. That is, the top surface of the protrusion 550p is fixed to the same height as or slightly lower than the height of the inner wall of the cavity 541 formed in the outer inner structure 540 (see fig. 19B and 21B). That is, as shown in fig. 21A and 21B, when the inner structure 550 is inserted into the outer inner structure 540 and is further inserted and fixed to the tube main body 110 as shown in fig. 19B, the truncated quadrangular pyramid 543 guides a part of the fluid flowing in by diffusing from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110 having a circular cross section to each side surface of the outer inner structure 540 of the quadrangular prism 542, and the fluid flowing into each side surface passes through the cross flow path 540 r. The remaining part of the fluid flowing in flows into the hollow 541 from the circular inlet port of the truncated quadrangular pyramid 543, is formed into a spiral flow in the counterclockwise direction by the blades 551, and then passes through the flow channel 550r of the inner structure 550. That is, in embodiment 5, the fluid flowing in from the inlet 111 of the tube main body 110 is divided into the fluid passing through the intersecting channel 550r formed in the inner structure 550, and the fluid divided into 2 parts of the fluid passing through the channel 540r formed in the outer inner structure 540 joins at their downstream ends and flows toward the outlet 112.

Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the cross flow channel 550r formed in the cylindrical shape of the inner structure 550 and the projection 550p (the top surface of the projection 550p has a partially curved surface of the cylindrical shape, but is substantially rhombic when viewed from directly above). One group of the intersecting flow paths is a plurality of spiral flow paths having an angle of 60 degrees from the lower left to the upper right in fig. 22, forming a spiral flow in the counterclockwise direction. The other group is a plurality of circular flow paths forming a circular loop flow in a counterclockwise direction orthogonal to the flow of the fluid. The spiral flow path and the circular flow path form a cross flow path 550 r. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 550p may not be a substantially rhombic protrusion (for example, a triangle, a polygon, or the like), and the arrangement thereof may be appropriately changed (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 22.

The flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply pipe 500 will be described below. The fluid flowing in through the inlet port 111 collides with the truncated rectangular pyramid 543 of the inner structure 540 through the space of the tapered portion 124 of the inlet side member 120, and a part of the fluid is guided outward (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid 543) from the center of the fluid supply tube 500 having a circular cross section and flows into the inner cross flow path 540r formed between the outer inner structure 540 and the tube main body 110. The remaining part flows as a spiral flow from the circular opening of the truncated rectangular pyramid 543 via the spiral flow forming blade 551 into the internal cross flow path 550r formed between the inner internal structure 550 and the hollow cylindrical cavity 541.

The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 540r formed by the plurality of protrusions 540p of the outer inner structure 540 and the plurality of narrow flow paths 550r formed by the plurality of protrusions 550p of the inner structure 550, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. In outer inner structure 540, the fluid collides with and is sheared by the plurality of protrusions 540p, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 540 r. Similarly, in the inner structure 550, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 550p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 550 r. In the outer inner structure 540, the plurality of protrusions 540p are arranged in a multi-stage mesh, and a phenomenon occurs in which the cross flow path 550r is reversed to be left-right switched. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described structure of the projections 540p, 550p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more kinds of fluids having different properties.

The internal structures 540 and 550 have a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (the truncated rectangular pyramid 543 having a circular inlet port) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (the cross flow path 540r formed between the plurality of protrusions 540p and the cross flow path 550r formed between the plurality of protrusions 550 p). This configuration causes the static pressure of the fluid to vary. As described in embodiment 1, the static pressure is low according to the bernoulli equation, and the cavitation phenomenon causes the liquid to boil and generate a large number of small bubbles with the nuclei of fine bubbles of 100 μm or less present in the liquid as nuclei. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 540p and 550p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 540r on each side surface of the quadrangular prism 542 of the outer inner shaft body 540 flows to the end of the outer inner structure 540. The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow cross flow channels 550r of the inner shaft body 550 having a cylindrical shape flows to the end of the inner structure 550. The 2 flows are merged, guided in the center direction of the tube main body 110 by the guide portion 552 provided at the downstream end portion of the inner structure 550, and flow out to the space where the downstream tapered portion 136 exists. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1.

Further, although the truncated rectangular pyramid 543 for efficiently dispersing the inflow fluid to each side surface is provided in the upstream portion of the outer inner structure 540, this is not essential. Further, the plurality of blades provided upstream of the inner structure 550, for example, generate a counterclockwise swirling flow, and although it is effective to generate a swirling flow, the blades are not necessarily required. Further, the dome-shaped guide portion 552 is provided downstream of the inner structure 550, but may be conical or eliminated. The guide portion 552 is not necessarily configured.

(embodiment 6)

Next, a fluid supply pipe 600 according to embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 23A to 26. In this embodiment, the same configurations as those in embodiments 4 and 5 will not be described, and the portions that differ will be described in detail. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in embodiment 4 and embodiment 5. Fig. 23A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 600 of embodiment 6, and fig. 23B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 600. As shown in fig. 23A and 23B, the fluid supply tube 600 includes a tube main body 110, a 1 st internal structure (outer internal structure) 640, and a 2 nd internal structure (inner internal structure) 550. The 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 550 has exactly the same configuration as in embodiment 5. The internal structure 640 includes a triangular prism 642 (bottom surface is regular triangle) similar to that of embodiment 4, but a cylindrical through-hole 641 is formed inside, and the 2 nd internal structure 550 is housed in the hole 641. A truncated triangular pyramid 643, in which the head of a triangular pyramid is cut off, is provided upstream of the outer inner structure 640, and more specifically, as shown in fig. 23A, the cut-out portion has a circular cross section. Fig. 24 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 550 in the middle of storage in the outer inner structure 640. Fig. 25A is a three-dimensional perspective view of the outer inner structure 640 in which the 2 nd inner structure (inner structure) 550 is housed, and fig. 25B is a partial sectional view thereof. Fig. 26 is a three-dimensional perspective view from a different direction.

The 1 st and 2 nd internal structures 640 and 550 are formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a columnar member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like, as in the 4 th and 5 th embodiments. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: preparing an inner shaft body having a cylindrical outer shape; a step of forming one to a plurality of blades 551 having a spiral shape (for example, counterclockwise) at an upstream end of the inner shaft; forming a plurality of protrusions 550p, each having a bottom surface at the same height as the bottom surface of the cross flow path and a top surface at the same height as the side surface of the cylinder, by forming the cross flow path 550r at a predetermined depth from the side surface of the cylinder on the outer surface of the downstream side of the inner shaft; and a step of forming a dome-shaped or conical guide 552 on the downstream end of the inner shaft body, and forming the inner structural body 550 through these steps. In a more specific example, a plurality of annular and spiral (for example, counterclockwise) intersecting channels 550r are formed as intersecting channels, thereby forming a plurality of projections 550 p. Then, a step of preparing a cylindrical outer inner shaft body; a step of forming a truncated triangular pyramid 643 on the upstream side of the outer inner shaft body; a step in which the inner shaft body is formed to penetrate through a hollow cylindrical cavity 641 (having a circular inlet) disposed inside; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 640p having a bottom surface as a side surface of a prism and a top surface as a side surface of a cylinder by forming intersecting flow paths 640r at outer diameter positions having a bottom surface as a side surface of a triangular prism and a top surface as a cylinder with respect to the cylindrical outer inner shaft body, whereby the outer inner structure 640 is formed. The inner internal structure 550 having the plurality of protrusions 550p, the cross flow channel 550r, and the like formed therein is disposed in the hollow 641 of the outer internal structure 640 having the plurality of protrusions 640p and the cross flow channel 640r formed therein, and is stored and assembled.

As shown in fig. 24 to 25B, by processing a cylindrical shaft body, outer inner structure 640 has truncated triangular pyramid 643 at the tip, triangular prism 642 (regular triangle bottom surface) is formed on the downstream side thereof, and a plurality of protrusions 640p are formed on 3 side surfaces of triangular prism 642. The plurality of protrusions 640p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the side surface of the triangular prism 642, have the same top surface as the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, have an overall arc-shaped height, and have rounded top surfaces. The arrangement of the plurality of protrusions 640p is the same as that described in embodiment 4 (see fig. 18A). Further, outer inner structure 640 has hollow cylindrical through-hole 641 formed therein from the circular tip of truncated triangular pyramid 643.

On the other hand, the inner structure 550 is the same as that described in embodiment 5. As shown in fig. 25A and 25B, when the inner structure 550 is inserted into the outer inner structure 640, and further inserted and fixed to the tube main body 110 as shown in fig. 23B, the truncated triangular pyramid 643 guides a part of the fluid flowing in by diffusing from the center of the circle of the tube main body 110 having a circular cross section to each side surface of the triangular prism 642 of the outer inner structure 640, and the part of the fluid passes through the flow channel 640 r. The remaining part of the fluid flowing in flows into the cavity 641 from the circular inlet of the truncated triangular pyramid 643, passes through the plurality of blades 551 forming the counterclockwise spiral flow, and passes through the flow channel 550r of the inner structure 550. That is, in embodiment 6, the fluid flowing in from the inlet 111 of the tube main body 110 is divided into 2 parts of the fluid passing through the intersecting channel 550r formed in the inner internal structure 550 and the fluid passing through the channel 640r formed in the outer internal structure 640, and the fluids divided into 2 parts join at the downstream end and flow to the outlet 112.

The flow of the fluid during the passage through the fluid supply pipe 600 will be described below. The fluid flowing in through the inlet port 111 collides with the truncated triangular pyramid 643 of the inner structure 640 through the space of the tapered portion 124 of the inlet-side member 120, and a part of the fluid is guided outward (i.e., in the radial direction and in the direction of the bottom surface of the truncated triangular pyramid 643) from the center of the fluid supply pipe 600 and flows into the internal intersecting flow passage 640r formed between the inner structure 640 and the pipe main body 110. The remaining part of the fluid flows from the circular opening of truncated triangular pyramid 643 through vane 551 into cross flow path 550r formed between internal structure 550 and cylindrical cavity 641.

The fluid passes through the plurality of narrow flow paths 640r formed by the plurality of protrusions 640p of the outer inner structure 640 and the plurality of narrow flow paths 550r formed by the plurality of protrusions 550p of the inner structure 550, thereby generating a large number of minute vortices. In the outer inner structure 640, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 640p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 640 r. In the inner structure 550, the fluid collides with the plurality of protrusions 550p and is sheared, and the collision, mixing, and dispersion are repeated in the plurality of intersecting flow paths 550 r. Further, due to the multi-stage mesh arrangement of the plurality of projections 640p, a reverse phenomenon occurs in which the flow paths 640r intersect with each other and are switched between left and right. The mixing and diffusion of the fluid are induced by such phenomena. The above-described structure of the protrusions 640p, 550p is also useful in the case of mixing 2 or more fluids having different properties.

The inner structures 640 and 550 have a structure in which a fluid flows from an upstream side having a large cross-sectional area (truncated triangular pyramid 643 having a circular inlet port) to a downstream side having a small cross-sectional area (cross flow path 640r formed between the plurality of projections 640p and cross flow path 550r formed between the plurality of projections 550 p). As described in embodiment 1, the static pressure is low according to the bernoulli equation, and the cavitation phenomenon causes the liquid to boil and generate a large number of small bubbles with the nuclei of fine bubbles of 100 μm or less present in the liquid as nuclei. The microbubbles generated by the vaporization lower the surface tension of the water, thereby improving the permeability and lubricity. Alternatively, air or another gas may be injected into the fluid in advance (gas injection means is provided in the middle of the pipe 12 in fig. 1), and the plurality of projections 640p and 550p collide with the fluid to cause dissociation of the dissolved gas, thereby generating a large amount of microbubbles.

The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow intersecting flow paths 640r on each side surface of triangular prism 642 of outer inner shaft body 640 flows to the downstream end of outer inner structure 640. The fluid passing through the plurality of narrow cross flow channels 550r of the inner shaft body 550 having a cylindrical shape flows to the downstream end of the inner structure 550. The 2 flows are merged, guided in the center direction of the tube main body 110 by the guide portion 552 provided at the downstream end portion of the inner structure 550, and flow out to the space where the downstream tapered portion 136 exists. Then, the liquid flows out through the outflow port 112 and is discharged to the working portion G or the like through the nozzles 5-1 to 5-6 of FIG. 1.

Further, although truncated triangular pyramid 643 for efficiently dispersing the inflow fluid to each side surface is provided at the upstream portion of outer inner structure 640, this is not an essential configuration. Further, a plurality of blades are provided upstream of the internal structure 550 to generate a swirl flow in, for example, a counterclockwise direction, and it is effective to generate a swirl flow, but the blade 551 is not necessarily required. Further, the dome-shaped guide portion 552 is provided downstream of the inner structure 550, but may be conical or eliminated. The guide portion 552 is not necessarily configured.

(7 th embodiment)

Next, an internal structure 740 according to embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 27 and 28. In this embodiment, there is provided an internal structure of a fluid supply pipe capable of taking measures against pressure loss and appropriately performing shearing, stirring, diffusion, and mixing even when the viscosity of a fluid flowing inside is high (including a case where the viscosity of at least one fluid is high when a plurality of fluids are mixed, for example, a case where oil having high viscosity such as emulsion fuel is mixed with water). As shown in fig. 27, the internal structure 740 is substantially the same as the internal structure 140 (see fig. 3 and 4) described in embodiment 1, and the internal structure 740 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; a step of forming one end portion of the cylindrical internal shaft body into a rectangular pyramid 741; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 740p1, 740p2 having a side surface with a prism bottom surface and a cylindrical top surface by forming a cross flow channel 740r having an outer diameter position with a quadrangular prism bottom surface and a cylindrical top surface (in this case, the protrusions 740p1 and 740p2 are different in height). The original cylindrical member has a radius the same as or slightly smaller than that of the inner wall of the pipe body 110, and is preferably of a size that the cylindrical member enters the pipe body without generating a gap.

Fig. 28 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the inner structure 740 of fig. 27 viewed from another direction. As described above, the cylindrical shaft body is processed to form the rectangular pyramid 741 at the front, the rectangular prism 742 at the remaining portion, and the plurality of protrusions 740p1, 740p2 on 4 side surfaces of the rectangular prism 742. The plurality of protrusions 740p1, 740p2 are arranged in a mesh shape, the bottom surfaces thereof are the same as the outer surfaces of the quadrangular prism 742, and the protrusion top surfaces are the outer surfaces of the original cylindrical inner shaft body at the protrusions 740p1, and have circular top surfaces with an overall arc-shaped height. The protrusions 740p2 have a constant lower height. In the present embodiment, 3 protrusions arranged in parallel in each group are arranged as the protrusions 740p2 having the lower fixed height from the upstream to the downstream, and 21 of 49 protrusions (the total number of the protrusions 740p1 and the protrusions 740p2) on one side surface are set as the protrusions 740p2 having the lower fixed height (see fig. 5A). The fluid that has reached the respective side surfaces via the rectangular pyramids 741 flows through the intersecting flow paths 740r formed between the plurality of protrusions 740p1 and the protrusions 740p2, but since the cylindrical inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 is substantially the same (without any gap) as the height of the plurality of protrusions 740p1, the fluid flows between the plurality of protrusions 740p (that is, there is substantially no fluid flowing on the top surfaces of the plurality of protrusions 740 p). In contrast, since the plurality of protrusions 740p2 have a constant height and form a gap (large in the center and small in the lateral direction) between the inner wall surface of the cylindrical tube main body 110 and the protrusion 740p2, fluid can pass through the gap. In the present embodiment, since the auxiliary flow path through which the gap between the protrusion 740p2 of a fixed height and the inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 flows exists outside the intersecting flow path 740r, the present embodiment improves the problem that pressure loss occurs when only the flow path 740r between the plurality of protrusions flows. Other configurations and operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.

Since the arrangement of the protrusions 740p2 can be appropriately selected or changed according to the state of pressure loss, in another embodiment, 4 parallel protrusions (see fig. 5A) from the upstream to the downstream can be used as the protrusions 740p having a fixed height on each side surface of the quadrangular prism 742. The lower protrusions 740p2 may be repeated every other row or every other row from upstream to downstream. Further, instead of the high and low 2-stage protrusions 740p1 and 740p2, 3-stage or multi-stage protrusions may be provided. Further, the lower protrusions 740p2 may be formed in a direction inclined in the flow direction. In either case, the arrangement method of the high protrusions 740p1 and the low protrusions 740p2 (protrusions with a height of more stages) is appropriately changed according to the viscosity of the fluid and the ability to shear, stir, diffuse, and mix at the protrusions, and the pressure loss of the fluid supply pipe can be improved.

(embodiment 8)

Next, an internal structure 840 according to embodiment 8 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 29. In this embodiment, as in embodiment 7, there is provided an internal structure of a fluid supply pipe capable of taking measures against pressure loss and appropriately performing shearing, stirring, diffusion, and mixing even in a case where the viscosity of a fluid flowing inside is high (including a case where the viscosity of at least one fluid is high when a plurality of fluids are mixed, for example, a case where oil having high viscosity such as emulsion fuel is mixed with water). As shown in fig. 29, the internal structure 840 is substantially the same as the internal structure 240 (see fig. 7) described in embodiment 2, and the internal structure 840 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; forming one end of the cylindrical inner shaft body into a triangular pyramid 841; and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 840p1, 840p2 (in this case, the protrusions 840p1 and 840p2 are different in height) by forming intersecting channels 840r having a side surface with a bottom surface formed into a triangular prism 842 and an outer diameter position with a top surface formed into a cylinder. The original cylindrical member has a radius the same as or slightly smaller than that of the inner wall of the pipe body 110, and is preferably of a size that the cylindrical member enters the pipe body without generating a gap.

As described above, by machining the cylindrical shaft body, triangular pyramid 841 is formed at the front, triangular column 842 is formed at the remaining portion, and a plurality of protrusions 840p1, 840p2 are formed on 3 side surfaces of triangular column 842. The plurality of protrusions 840p1, 840p2 are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface of the triangular prism 842, and have the top surface, and the protrusion 840p1 is the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, and has a circular top surface having an overall circular arc height. The height of the projection 840p2 is constant. In the present embodiment, as for the protrusions 840p2 with a low fixed height, 4 protrusions arranged in parallel are set as the protrusions 840p2 with a fixed height from the upstream side to the downstream side, and 28 of 63 protrusions (the total number of the protrusions 840p1 and the protrusions 840p2) on one side surface are set as the protrusions 840p2 with a low fixed height (see fig. 8A). The fluid that has reached the respective side surfaces through the triangular pyramid 841 flows in the intersecting flow path 840r formed between the plurality of protrusions 840p1 and the protrusions 840p2, but because the cylindrical inner wall surface of the tube body 110 is substantially the same (without a gap) as the height of the plurality of protrusions 840p1, the fluid flows between the plurality of protrusions 840p (that is, there is almost no fluid flowing on the top surfaces of the plurality of protrusions 840p 1). On the other hand, since the plurality of protrusions 840p2 are low in height and a gap (large in the center and small in the lateral direction) is formed between the cylindrical inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 and the protrusion 840p2, fluid can pass through the gap. In the present embodiment, the presence of the auxiliary flow path that flows through the gap between the fixed low-height protrusion 840p2 and the inner wall surface of the tube main body 110 improves the occurrence of pressure loss when only the flow path 840r between the plurality of protrusions flows. Other configurations and operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 2, and therefore, description thereof is omitted.

Since the arrangement of the protrusions 840p2 can be appropriately selected and changed according to the state of pressure loss, in other embodiments, protrusions 840p2 of a fixed height can be provided on each side surface of the triangular prism 842 every 5 parallel protrusions from upstream to downstream, or the lower protrusions 840p2 may be repeated not every other row but every other row. Further, instead of the high and low 2-stage protrusions 840p1 and 840p2, 3-stage or multi-stage protrusions may be provided. Further, it is also possible to make the lower protruding portions 840p2 appear in a direction inclined in the flow direction. In either case, the arrangement method of the high protrusions 840p1 and the low protrusions 840p2 (protrusions having a height of more stages) is appropriately changed according to the viscosity of the fluid and the ability to shear, stir, diffuse, and mix at the protrusions, and the pressure loss of the fluid supply tube can be improved.

(embodiment 9)

Next, a fluid supply pipe 900 according to embodiment 9 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 30A to 32B. The same configuration as that of embodiment 1 will not be described, and the different portions will be described in detail. Fig. 30A is a side exploded view of a fluid supply tube 900 according to embodiment 9 of the present invention, and fig. 30B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 900. Fig. 31 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 940 of the fluid supply tube 900.

Fig. 32A is a plan view showing one side surface of the internal structure 940, showing an arrangement of a rectangular pyramid 941 and a plurality of protrusions 940p, and the vertex angle of the rectangular pyramid 941 on the upstream side is, for example, 60 degrees. Of course, the angle may be changed as appropriate. On 4 side surfaces of the quadrangular prism 942 on the downstream side, diamond-shaped (bottom surface shape) protrusions 940p having an apex angle of 41.11 ° are formed in a net shape, as in embodiment 1. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. However, unlike embodiment 1, the plurality of protrusions 940p formed in a mesh shape are slightly inclined. That is, as shown in fig. 32B, the rhombus shape of the bottom surface of the 3 projections 940p at the most upstream is slightly inclined leftward (10.56 °) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure 940, with the center thereof as an axis. The rhombus shape of the bottom surface of the next row of 4 protrusions 940p is slightly inclined rightward (10.56 °) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure 940, with the center thereof as the axis. Hereinafter, similarly, each column is alternately inclined in the left-right direction. Of course, the inclination angle (10.56 °) is not limited thereto. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the intersection angle of the intersecting flow paths 940r formed between the plurality of projections 940p is 41.11 ° as in embodiment 1, but since the projections 940p are slightly inclined in the different right and left directions for each row, a part of the projections 940p project into the flow path, the frequency of collision of the fluid with the projections 940p is higher than that in embodiment 1, a turbulent flow including a large number of minute vortices and the like is generated, and the effects of shearing, stirring, diffusing, and mixing of the fluid increase. Further, the present invention is also effective for generating microbubbles. Similarly to embodiment 1, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 940p formed on the one side surface are formed into 14 rows of 3, 4, 3, … …, and 4 rows from upstream to downstream, and 49 protrusions are formed on the one side surface, and the total of 4 side surfaces is 196 protrusions. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 940p may be other than the shape of the protrusions having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, a triangle, a polygon, or the like), and the arrangement thereof may be changed as appropriate (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 32A and 32B.

As in the other embodiments, the internal structure 940 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, a method of molding resin such as plastic, or the like. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; a step of forming one end portion of a cylindrical internal shaft body into a pyramid (a rectangular pyramid 941 in the case of embodiment 9); and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 940p having a prism bottom surface and a cylindrical top surface by forming intersecting channels 940r having a side surface with a prism bottom surface (a square prism 942 with a square bottom surface in the case of embodiment 9) and an outer diameter position of a cylinder top surface. In this case, it is necessary to perform the machining while changing the inclination angle of the protrusion 940p to the left and right for each row. By processing the cylindrical shaft body, a rectangular pyramid 941 is formed at the front, a rectangular prism 942 is formed at the remaining portion, and a plurality of protrusions 940p are formed on 4 side surfaces of the rectangular prism 942. The plurality of protrusions 940p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of the quadrangular prism 942, and have a rounded top surface having a height of an arc as a whole, the top surface being the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body. Since other configurations and operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, the description thereof is omitted. The arrangement of the protrusions (340p, 350p, 540p, 740p1, 740p2) described in embodiment 3, embodiment 5, and embodiment 7 may be slightly inclined in the different left-right directions for each row, as in fig. 32A and 32B. In this case, the local part of the projection protrudes into the flow path, the frequency of collision of the fluid with the projection is high, a turbulent flow including a large number of minute vortices and the like is generated, and the effects of shearing, stirring, diffusing, and mixing of the fluid are increased. Further, the present invention is also effective for generating microbubbles.

(embodiment 10)

Next, a fluid supply tube 1000 according to embodiment 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 33A to 35B. The same configuration as that of embodiment 2 will not be described, and the different portions will be described in detail. Fig. 33A is a side exploded view of the fluid supply tube 1000 according to embodiment 10 of the present invention, and fig. 33B is a side perspective view of the fluid supply tube 1000. Fig. 34 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the internal structure 1040 of the fluid supply tube 1000.

Fig. 35A shows one side surface of the inner structure 1040 on a plane, and shows an arrangement of the triangular pyramid 1041 and the plurality of protrusions 1040p, and the apex angle of the upstream triangular pyramid 1041 is, for example, 90 degrees. Of course, the angle may be changed as appropriate. Further, on 3 side surfaces of downstream triangular prism 1042, diamond-shaped (bottom surface shape) protrusions 1040p having an apex angle of 41.11 ° are formed in a net shape, as in embodiment 2. In addition, the vertical angle may be changed as appropriate. However, unlike embodiment 2, the plurality of protrusions 1040p formed in a mesh shape are slightly inclined. That is, as shown in fig. 35B, the rhombus shape of the bottom surface of the 5 most upstream protrusions 1040p is slightly inclined leftward (10.56 °) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure 1040, with the center thereof as the axis. The rhombus on the bottom surface of the next row of 4 protrusions 1040p is slightly inclined rightward (10.56 °) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure 1040, with the center thereof as the axis. Hereinafter, similarly, each column is alternately inclined in the left-right direction. Of course, the inclination angle (10.56 °) is not limited thereto. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the intersection angle of the intersecting flow paths 1040r formed between the plurality of projections 1040p is 41.11 ° as in embodiment 2, but since the projections 1040p are slightly inclined in the different right and left directions for each row, a part of the projections 1040p protrudes into the flow path, the frequency of collision of the fluid with the projections 1040p is higher than that in embodiment 2, turbulence including a large number of minute vortices and the like is generated, and the effects of shearing, stirring, diffusing, and mixing of the fluid increase. Further, the present invention is also effective for generating microbubbles. Similarly to embodiment 2, the plurality of rhombic protrusions 1040p formed on one side surface are formed into 14 rows of 5, 4, 5, … …, and 4 rows from upstream to downstream, and 63 on one side surface, with the total of 3 side surfaces being 189. Of course, this number may be changed as appropriate. The shape of the plurality of protrusions 1040p may be other than the ones having a rhombic bottom surface (for example, triangular, polygonal, or other ones), and the arrangement thereof may be changed as appropriate (angle, interval, or the like) according to fig. 35A and 35B.

As in the other embodiments, the inner structure 1040 is formed by, for example, a method of metal-working a cylindrical member made of metal such as steel or aluminum, or a method of molding resin such as plastic. Alternatively, a three-dimensional printer may be used to form the metal or resin into an internal structure. When a metallic cylindrical shaft body is machined, machining such as cutting, turning, and grinding is performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. The manufacturing process comprises: preparing a cylindrical inner shaft body; a step of forming one end portion of a cylindrical internal shaft body into a pyramid (a triangular pyramid 1041 in the case of embodiment 10); and a step of forming a plurality of protrusions 1040p having prism-shaped bottom surfaces and cylindrical top surfaces by forming intersecting flow paths 1040r having side surfaces with prism-shaped bottom surfaces (triangular prisms 1042 having triangular bottom surfaces in the case of embodiment 10) and having cylindrical top surfaces at the outer diameter position. In this case, it is necessary to perform the machining while changing the inclination angle of the projection 1040p to the left and right for each row. By machining a cylindrical shaft body, triangular pyramid 1041 is formed at the front, triangular prism 1042 is formed at the remaining part, and a plurality of protrusions 1040p are formed on 3 side surfaces of triangular prism 1042. The plurality of protrusions 1040p are arranged in a mesh shape, have the same bottom surface as the outer surface (side surface) of the triangular prism 1042, have the same top surface as the outer surface of the original cylindrical inner shaft body, and have a circular-arc height as a whole and a rounded top surface. Since other configurations and operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 2, the description thereof is omitted. The arrangement of the protrusions (440p, 450p, 640p, 840p1, 840p2) described in embodiments 4, 6, and 8 may be slightly inclined in the different left-right directions for each row, as in fig. 35A and 35B. In this case, the local part of the projection protrudes into the flow path, the frequency of collision of the fluid with the projection is high, a turbulent flow including a large number of minute vortices and the like is generated, and the effects of shearing, stirring, diffusing, and mixing of the fluid are increased. Further, the present invention is also effective for generating microbubbles.

(modification of the protruding portion)

Next, a modification of the plurality of protrusions (140p to 640p, 350p to 550p, 740p1, 740p2, 840p1, 840p2, 940p, 1040p) in the embodiments described above will be described with reference to fig. 36. In the embodiments described above, the side surfaces of the respective protrusions are flat, but in the present modification, the side surfaces are provided with irregularities to change the flow of the fluid. That is, the protrusion makes the flow more complicated. The fine flow path is provided so that turbulence including a minute vortex is easily generated, or the cavitation phenomenon is easily generated by forming a finer flow path. Specifically, as shown in fig. 36 (a) to (C), irregularities parallel to the horizontal direction are provided. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 36 (D), the projections and depressions are provided in parallel with the vertical direction. As shown in fig. 36 (E) and (F), the unevenness having a plurality of curved surfaces (geometric cross-sectional patterns) is provided vertically, and further, as shown in fig. (G) and (H), a plurality of steps are provided. A three-dimensional printer can be used to form these concave and convex shapes from metal or resin. When a metallic shaft body is machined, cutting, turning, and grinding are performed alone or in combination. For example, the cutting tool can be manufactured by cutting with an end mill. Alternatively, although not shown in fig. 36, a pear skin pattern may be provided on the side surface of the protrusion portion to perform a Texture Processing (Texture Processing). These can be achieved by etching, sandblasting, or the like.

(embodiment 11)

Next, an internal structure 1140 for a fluid supply pipe according to embodiment 11 of the present invention, particularly, an assembly thereof will be described with reference to fig. 37 and 38. Although not shown, the shape of the fluid supply pipe that houses and fixes the internal structure 1140 is the same as that of the embodiment described above.

The internal structure 1140 has a rectangular pyramid 1141 at the tip of the shaft body, and a plurality of holes 1140h are formed in each side surface of a rectangular prism 1142 integrally formed to be continuous with the shaft body. The holes 1140h are arranged: on four sides, 3, 4, 3, … …, 4 rows are formed from upstream to downstream, with 49 hole pockets 1140h on one side. Thus, the total cavity of 4 sides totals 196. Of course, the number, shape (square hole having a constant depth in fig. 37) and arrangement of the holes 1140h can be changed as appropriate. In each of the holes 1140h, a projection 1140p having mounting feet (or mounting pins) 1140p-f is inserted and mounted, respectively. Therefore, the shape and depth of each cavity 1140h correspond to the shape of the mounting legs 1140p-f of the projection 1140 p. Inserting and securing the mounting feet 1140p-f into the cavities 1140h may be performed manually or by automated machinery. The mounting legs 1140p-f are prism-shaped in fig. 37, but may be cylindrical, and may have other shapes. Further, the insertion and fixation may be performed by press fitting, or fitting.

As in the other embodiments, the plurality of protrusions 1140p may have a rhombus-shaped bottom surface and a part of a cylindrical top surface, or may have a quadrangular prism (rhomboid prism) as a whole, with a shape of the top surface being a simple rhomboid plane. If the height is adjusted in stages, the entire height can be a part of a circular arc as shown in fig. 4 of embodiment 1. Further, by fixing the height of a part of the structure, it is possible to provide the structure as shown in fig. 28 of embodiment 7, for example.

Further, the arrangement of the plurality of protrusions 1140p is directional in at least one of the holes 1140h and the mounting legs 1140p-f, and the direction of the protrusions 1140p may be alternately inclined slightly in a direction away from the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body as shown in fig. 31, for example, in embodiment 9.

Fig. 38 is a view showing various forms of the projection portion having the mounting leg. (A) Is the projection 1140p already described in fig. 37, and has a flat side surface. In contrast, in the modifications (B) to (M), the flow of the fluid is changed by providing the side surface with the unevenness or the step. That is, the protrusion induces a more complicated flow. The fine flow path is provided so that turbulence including a minute vortex is easily generated, or the cavitation phenomenon is easily generated by forming a finer flow path. Specifically, as shown in fig. 38 (B) to (E), irregularities parallel to the horizontal direction are provided. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 38 (F), the projections and depressions are provided in parallel with the vertical direction. As shown in (G) and (H), irregularities having a plurality of curved surfaces (geometric cross-sectional patterns) are provided vertically. Further, as shown in (I) and (J), one or more steps are provided. The diamond shape was shifted from the diamond shape as shown in (K), and was shaped like 4 petals, and was substantially cylindrical as shown in (L) and (M), and concave-convex grooves were provided in the side surfaces in the vertical direction. Further, although not shown, a pear peel pattern or the like may be provided on the side surface of the protrusion portion, or a corrugation process (texture process) may be performed. Since the protrusions are independently formed, the protrusions can be processed more easily than in the other embodiments in which the protrusions are integrally formed, and the processing such as cutting, turning, and grinding, the etching, and the blasting can be easily performed.

As described above, the internal structure 1140 can be manufactured by the following steps: a quadrangular prism 1142 having a quadrangular pyramid 1141 and integrally formed continuously thereto is prepared, and a plurality of protrusions 1140p are prepared, and the mounting legs 1140p-f of the protrusions 1140p are inserted into the respective holes 1140h with respect to the quadrangular prism 1142, thereby forming a plurality of protrusions 1140p arranged in a mesh on the surface. In this case, the internal shaft body may have a shape of a triangular pyramid and a triangular prism connected thereto, which are described in embodiment 2 (fig. 7) and embodiment 8 (fig. 29), for example, instead of the rectangular pyramid 1141 and the rectangular prism connected thereto, or the internal shaft body of another embodiment may be applied. The shape of the pyramid and the shape of the polygonal column may be appropriately changed (for example, a combination of 5 pyramids and 5 prisms, a combination of 6 pyramids and 6 prisms, or the like). Further, the material of the shaft body of the internal structure may be easily different from the material of the protrusion. For example, a resin shaft body may be prepared, the protrusion may be made of a metal material, and the protrusion may be inserted into a hole of the shaft body and fixed.

(embodiment 12)

Next, a fluid supply device including an inner structure made of an elastic material and a tube main body according to embodiment 12 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 39A and 39B. In the embodiments described above, the internal structure and the pipe main body are made of metal or resin and are not elastically deformed. In the present embodiment, a fluid supply tube 1200 in which the internal structure 1240 and the tube main body 1210 are formed using an elastic material will be described.

As the elastic material of the inner structure and the tube main body of the present embodiment, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, fluorine-based resin, silicone resin, ceramic, and the like can be used, but the elastic material is not limited thereto. The internal structure may be manufactured from these elastic materials by a method based on injection molding (injection molding) or a method based on 3D printing, which will be described later in embodiment 14. Since the internal structure 1240 manufactured by these methods has an elastic force, the fluid supply tube 1200 can be connected to a flexible article such as a hose (in this case, the tube main body is also formed of an elastic material), and the fluid supply tube 1200 can be integrally provided in the relevant article. As shown in fig. 39A, the fluid supply pipe 1200 includes, in the same manner as in the other embodiments described above: a hollow tube body 1210 having an inlet 1211 through which a fluid flows in and an outlet 1212 through which the fluid flows out, and having an inner wall surface with a circular cross section; and an inner structure 1240 that houses a prismatic shaft body (a quadrangular prism 1242 in fig. 39A) having a plurality of side surfaces (4 surfaces in fig. 39A, but may be 3 surfaces, or may have more surfaces) and fixed to the tube main body 1210. The tube main body 1210 and the internal structure 1240 are formed of an elastic material having elasticity, and are elastically deformed as a whole. For example, the tube main body 1210 may also be in the shape of a hose. A pyramid (a rectangular pyramid 1241 in fig. 39A) is provided on the flow inlet side of the internal structure 1240. The shape of the pyramid can be appropriately changed according to the number of side surfaces of the prism included in the shaft body. In the side surface of the quadrangular prism 1242, as in the other embodiments described so far, the plurality of projections 1240p are arranged in a mesh shape, and the space formed between the side surface of the quadrangular prism 1242 of the internal structure 1240 and the inner wall surface of the tube main body 1210 and between the plurality of projections 1240p serves as a fluid flow path. The fluid is supplied from the inlet 1211 of the tube main body 1210, and is dispersed to each side surface of the rectangular prism 1242 in the rectangular pyramid 1241. Then, flow characteristics are given to the flow paths 1240r between the plurality of projections 1240 p. Then, the fluid flows out from the outflow port 1212.

As described above, in the present embodiment, both the tube main body 1210 and the internal structure 1240 have elastic force, and the fluid supply tube 1200 can be used for applications requiring bending of the entire body (a bendable hose, for example, built in a cleaning hose). Further, only the inner structure 1240 may be accommodated in the tube main body 1210 having no elastic force and having a bent shape with an elastic force. For example, the inner structure 1240 may be curved and used for a shower head, a faucet, and other fluid discharge devices without a space.

Fig. 39B shows a modification of embodiment 12 (fig. 39A), in which a plurality of rows of projections 1240p of an internal structure 1240A provided in a fluid supply tube 1200A are formed, and the direction of the projections 1240p in each row is slightly inclined as shown in embodiment 9 alternately in the lateral direction from the longitudinal direction of the shaft body of the internal structure 1240A (see, for example, fig. 32A and 32B). In the present modification, since the projections 1240p are slightly inclined in the different right and left directions in each row, a part of the projections 1240p protrudes into the flow path, the frequency of collision between the fluid and the projections 1240p is higher than that in fig. 39A, a turbulent flow including a plurality of minute vortices is generated, and the effects of shearing, stirring, diffusing, and mixing of the fluid are increased. Further, the present invention is also effective for generating microbubbles.

(embodiment 13)

Next, embodiment 13 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 40A and 40B. In the present embodiment, a plurality of partial internal structures are connected to constitute the fluid supply pipe 1300. A plurality of internal structures (partial internal structures) 1340-1 and 1340-2 are arranged in the tube main body 1310. In fig. 40A and 40B, 2 internal structures are shown, but the number is not limited thereto, and 3 or more partial internal structures may be connected.

In the internal structure 1340-1 provided at the upstream portion of the tube main body 1310, a pyramid (a rectangular pyramid 1341 in fig. 40A) is provided at the front. The shape of the pyramid can be appropriately changed according to the number of side surfaces of the prism included in the shaft body. In the side surface of the quadrangular prism 1342, as in the other embodiments described so far, the plurality of protrusions 1340p are arranged in a mesh shape, and a space formed between the plurality of protrusions 1340p between the side surface of the quadrangular prism 1342 of the internal structure 1340-1 and the inner wall surface of the tube main body 1310 becomes a fluid flow path 1340 r. In fig. 40A, the protrusions 1340p are slightly inclined in the different left and right directions in each row, and thus the protrusions 1340p partially protrude toward the flow channel, but the protrusions 1340p may be all parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shaft body. The internal structure 1340-1 and the downstream internal structure 1340-2 are connected to each other via a prismatic (quadrangular in fig. 40A) connecting portion 1350. The coupling member 1350 may be cylindrical. The downstream inner structure 1340-2 has the same structure as part of the quadrangular prism 1342 of the upstream inner structure 1340-1 and the same function, but the quadrangular prism 1342 of the inner structure 1340-1 and the inner structure 1340-2 are rotated relative to each other and connected to each other. That is, for example, as shown in fig. 40A, they are rotated by 90 degrees and connected to each other. By such rotational connection, the fluid having the flow characteristics is supplied to each of the 4 side surfaces 1342 of the upstream inner structure 1340-1, and is mixed and supplied to the other plural side surfaces of the downstream inner structure 1340-2, thereby causing a more complicated flow of the fluid and further affecting the supply of the flow characteristics.

Fig. 40B shows a modification of the case where the tube main body 1310 and the plurality of internal structures (partial internal structures) 1340-1 and 1340-2 shown in fig. 40A have elastic properties. As described above, the fluid supply tube 1300A in which the tube main body 1310 and the plurality of internal structures 1340-1 and 1340-2 are made of an elastic material is elastically deformable or bendable as a whole, and can be connected to or provided inside a flexible hose. Further, a pyramid (a rectangular pyramid in the case of fig. 40A or 40B) may be integrally provided on the downstream side of the most downstream internal structure (the internal structure 1340-2 in fig. 40A or 40B) to guide the fluid to the center.

(embodiment 14)

Next, a method for manufacturing an internal structure by injection molding (injection molding) according to embodiment 14 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 41 to 43B. Fig. 41 is a view showing a step of manufacturing divided internal structures by injection molding. In particular, the partial inner structure 1410 is injection-molded from a material such as plastic. In the present embodiment, the partial internal structure 1410 of 1/3 having the internal structure of the shaft body of the triangular prism in the above-described embodiment is formed.

In fig. 41, resin is injected into the cavity space from a top surface injection port (not shown) between the UPPER mold UPPER and the LOWER mold LOWER, cured, and then ejected by a plurality of ejector pins EJ and taken out. In this case, in the UPPER mold UPPER, there are formed: the convex portion of the shape of 1/3 portion of the triangular pyramid forming the partial internal structure 1410, and the concave portion (cavity) and the plane surface of the convex portion, in which the projections (convex portions) and the projections (concave portions) formed on the side surfaces of the triangular prism are inverted with respect to the irregularities of the flow path (concave portion). In addition, a V-shaped concave portion having a triangular prism shape of 1/3 is formed in the LOWER die LOWER.

Fig. 42 is a side view of the 1/3 divided internal structure 1410 formed by such injection molding, and fig. 43A and 43B are three-dimensional perspective views of the 1/3 divided internal structure 1410 viewed from different angles. As described above, in the present embodiment, since the partial internal structure 1410 of 1/3, which is the internal structure of the shaft body of the triangular prism, is manufactured by injection molding, it is possible to combine (specifically, to bond, weld, crimp, or the like) the 3 divided internal structures 1410 to form one internal structure. As a result, the plurality of divided internal structural bodies 1410 are connected to form one internal structural body in a prism shape having a plurality of side surfaces, and the plurality of protrusions are arranged in a net shape on each side surface. In this case, the internal structure integrated by bonding can be made elastic depending on the material used for injection molding.

In the example described above, 1/3 split internal structures were injection-molded, but there are various methods for splitting the internal structures, and for example, in the case of an internal structure of a shaft body of a quadrangular prism, 1/2 split internal structures may be injection-molded and then 2 split internal structures may be combined to form one internal structure. Further, 1/4 pieces of the divided internal structures can be injection-molded, and these 4 pieces of the divided internal structures can be combined to form one internal structure as a shaft body of the quadrangular prism. In the case of an internal structure having a shaft body of another polygonal column, an appropriate number of divided internal structures may be combined to form one internal structure.

The present invention has been described above with reference to a plurality of embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. For example, the inner structure (outer inner structure) is a triangular prism or a quadrangular prism, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a prism having 5 or more side surfaces (5 or more prisms) may have a plurality of protrusions formed in a mesh shape on each side surface and a cross flow path provided therebetween, as in the above-described embodiment. The internal structure may have a shape of 5 prisms or more. In accordance with the shape of the hollow formed in the outer inner structure, a prism or a column having a different number of side surfaces from the prism of the outer inner structure may be used. That is, for example, the prism of the outer inner structure may be a quadrangular prism, and the prism of the inner structure may be a triangular prism. Alternatively, the outer inner structure may be a hexagonal prism and the inner structure may be a cylindrical prism. Further, the size of the protrusion formed on the prism side surface is the same from upstream to downstream, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specifically, the projection on the upstream side may be enlarged and the projection on the downstream side may be reduced. For example, the first 7 rows of 14 rows of protrusions (see fig. 5A, 5B, 8B, 13A, 13B, 18A, 18B, 32A, 32B, 35A, 35B, 37, 39A, 39B, 40A, and 40B) may be smaller-sized protrusions (sides of the bottom surface of the truncated diamond) and the second half may be as shown in the drawing. In embodiments 3 to 6, the inner and outer inner structures are housed in the tube main body in 2 pieces (2 layers), but the inner structure may be 3 pieces (3 layers) or more, and these may be housed and used in combination. Specifically, for example, a large, medium, and small 3 (3-layer) internal structural shaft bodies are used, a plurality of intersecting flow paths are formed on each side surface, a plurality of protrusions are provided in a mesh shape, the small internal structural body is housed and fixed in the middle internal structural body having a hollow cavity, and the small and medium integrated internal structural body is housed and fixed in the large internal structural body having a hollow cavity. Further modifications and other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing description and the associated drawings. In the present specification, a plurality of specific terms are used, but these terms are used in a general sense only for the purpose of explanation and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[ description of reference numerals ]

1 machining center

W workpiece

G work site

2 cutting tool

5-1 to 5-6 nozzle

P, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 900, 1000, 1200A, 1300A fluid supply tube

110. 1210, 1310 tube main body

120 inflow measurement element

130 outflow side member

140. 240, 340, 440, 540, 640, 740, 840, 940, 1040, 1140, 1240A, 1340-1, 1340-2 internal construct

350. 450, 550 nd 2 nd inner structure (inner structure)

140p, 240p, 340p, 350p, 440p, 450p, 540p, 550p, 640p, 940p, 1040p, 1140p, 1240p, 1340p

740p1 and 840p1 high protrusions

740p2 and 740p2 lower protrusions

140r, 240r, 340r, 350r, 440r, 450r, 540r, 550r, 640r, 740r, 840r, 940r, 1040r, 1240r, 1340r (cross) flow path

141. 351, 741, 941, 1141, 1241, 1341 rectangular pyramid

241. 451, 841, 1041 triangular pyramid

542 truncated rectangular pyramid

643 truncated triangular pyramid

341. 441, 541, 641 hollow

1350 connecting part

1140h of holes

1140p-f mounting foot (mounting pin)

1410 division of internal structure

Upper side die of UPPER

LOWER LOWER side die

CABITY cavity

EJ push nail