阅读说明：本技术 零面锚定膜的制造方法及液晶显示元件 (Method for manufacturing zero-plane anchoring film and liquid crystal display element ) 是由 野田尚宏 于 2018-12-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种零面锚定膜的制造方法的工业制造方法、以及使用其的良好的液晶显示元件和液晶显示元件的制造方法。一种零面锚定膜的制造方法,其包括以下步骤：在使含有液晶、手性掺杂剂和自由基聚合性化合物的液晶组合物与自由基产生膜接触的状态下,给予使上述自由基聚合性化合物进行聚合反应的充分的能量。以及一种功能膜的制作方法,其包括以下步骤：准备在具有自由基产生膜的第一基板和不具有自由基产生膜的第二基板之间具有含有液晶、手性掺杂剂和自由基聚合性化合物的液晶组合物的单元的步骤,以及对上述单元给予使上述自由基聚合性化合物进行聚合反应的充分的能量的步骤。(The invention provides an industrial manufacturing method of a zero-plane anchoring film, a good liquid crystal display element using the same and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display element. A method of making a zero-plane anchoring membrane, comprising the steps of: in a state where a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound is brought into contact with a radical generating film, sufficient energy is imparted to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction. And a method for manufacturing a functional film, comprising the steps of: a step of preparing a unit having a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound between a first substrate having a radical generating film and a second substrate having no radical generating film, and a step of imparting sufficient energy to the unit to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction.)

1. A method of making a zero-plane anchoring membrane, comprising the steps of:

in a state where a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound is brought into contact with a radical generating film, energy sufficient to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction is imparted.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein,

the radical generating film of the first substrate is a radical generating film subjected to a uniaxial orientation treatment.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2,

the step of imparting energy is performed in a field-free state.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the radical generating film is a film in which an organic group that induces radical polymerization is immobilized.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the radical generating film is obtained by coating a composition of a compound having a radical generating group and a polymer, curing it and forming a film, thereby immobilizing in the film.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the radical generating film comprises a polymer containing organic groups that induce radical polymerization.

7. The method of claim 6,

the polymer having an organic group which induces radical polymerization is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine having an organic group which induces radical polymerization, a polyimide, a polyurea, and a polyamide.

8. The method of any one of claims 4,6, and 7,

the organic group for inducing radical polymerization is an organic group represented by the following structures [ X-1] - [ X-14], [ W ], [ Y ], [ Z ]:

formula [ X-1]～[X14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the polymerizable unsaturated bond in the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹、R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

formula [ W ]]、[Y]、[Z]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene, which may or may not have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R represents⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in R⁹And R¹⁰In the case of an alkyl group, the terminal groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure or may not be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, Q represents any of the following structures,

in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-, or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, ＊ represents a site to be bonded to a portion other than Q of the compound molecule,

R¹²represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

9. The method of claim 7,

the diamine containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization is a diamine having a structure represented by the following general formula (6) or the following general formula (7):

in the formula (6), R⁶Represents a single bond, -CH₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-NH-、-CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-，

R⁷Represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH's of the alkylene groups₂-or-CF₂1 or more of-are each independently substituted or unsubstituted with a group selected from-CH-, a divalent carbocyclic ring and a divalent heterocyclic ring, and are substituted or unsubstituted with any of the groups listed below, i.e., -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-or-NH-under the condition that they are not adjacent to each other,

R⁸represents a radical polymerization reactive group selected from the following formulas,

formula [ X-1]～[X-14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the radical polymerization reactive group of the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹、R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

in the formula (7), T¹And T²Each independently is a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, -CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-，

S represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH' S in the alkylene group₂-or-CF₂1 or more of-are each independently substituted or unsubstituted with a group selected from-CH-, a divalent carbocyclic ring and a divalent heterocyclic ring, and are substituted or unsubstituted with any of the groups listed below, i.e., -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-or-NH-under the condition that they are not adjacent to each other,

j is an organic group represented by the following formula,

formula [ W ]]、[Y]、[Z]In, ＊ denotes AND T²A bonding position, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene, which may or may not have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Q represents any of the following structures,

in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-, or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, ＊ represents a site to be bonded to a portion other than Q of the compound molecule,

R¹²represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,

at least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is a compound having one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule, which is compatible with a liquid crystal.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein,

the polymerizable unsaturated bond of the radical polymerizable compound is selected from the following structures,

in the formula, ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the polymerizable unsaturated bond in the compound molecule.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,

in the liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound, a liquid crystal composition containing the following radical polymerizable compound is used: the polymer obtained by polymerizing the radical polymerizable compound has a Tg of 100 ℃ or lower.

13. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell,

use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,

the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal cell includes the steps of,

a step of preparing a first substrate having a radical generating film and a second substrate having or not having a radical generating film;

a step of forming a cell so that the radical generating film on the first substrate faces the second substrate; and

and a step of filling a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound between the first substrate and the second substrate.

14. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to claim 13,

the second substrate is a second substrate having no radical generating film.

15. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to claim 14,

the second substrate is a substrate coated with a liquid crystal alignment film having uniaxial alignment properties.

16. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to claim 15,

the liquid crystal alignment film having uniaxial alignment is a liquid crystal alignment film for horizontal alignment.

17. The method for producing a liquid crystal cell according to any one of claims 13 to 16,

the first substrate having the radical generating film is a substrate having comb-teeth electrodes.

18. A liquid crystal composition characterized in that,

comprising a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound,

at least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is a compound having one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule and having compatibility with a liquid crystal,

the polymerizable unsaturated bond is selected from the following structures,

in the formula, ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the polymerizable unsaturated bond in the compound molecule.

19. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element is characterized in that,

a film in a manufactured zero anchor state obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

20. A liquid crystal display element is characterized in that,

the liquid crystal display element is obtained by the method according to claim 19.

21. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 20,

the first substrate or the second substrate has an electrode.

22. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 20 or 21,

the liquid crystal display element is a low-voltage driving transverse electric field liquid crystal display element.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method using a polymer stabilization technique that enables manufacturing of a zero-surface anchoring film (zero-anchoring film) by a method that is inexpensive and does not involve complicated steps, a liquid crystal display element that uses the manufacturing method and realizes further low-voltage driving, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

In recent years, liquid crystal display elements have been widely used in displays for mobile phones, computers, and televisions. Liquid crystal display elements have characteristics such as thinness, lightweight, and low power consumption, and are expected to be applied to VR and ultra-fine displays in the future. Various display modes such as tn (twisted nematic), IPS (In-Plane Switching), va (vertical alignment) and the like have been proposed as display modes of liquid crystal displays, but a film (liquid crystal alignment film) for inducing liquid crystals into a desired alignment state is used In all the modes.

In particular, in products having a touch panel such as a tablet PC, a smartphone, and a smart TV, an IPS mode in which display is not disturbed easily even when touched is preferable, and in recent years, a liquid crystal display element using ffs (fringe Field switching) and a technique using a non-contact technique using photo-alignment have been used in order to improve contrast and viewing angle characteristics.

However, FFS has a problem that the manufacturing cost of the substrate is large compared to IPS, and a display defect specific to an FFS mode called Vcom shift occurs. Further, photo-alignment has advantages that the size of a device to be manufactured can be increased and display characteristics can be greatly improved as compared with a rubbing method, but there is a problem in principle of photo-alignment (if the device is a decomposition type, display failure due to decomposition products exists, and if the device is a metamerism type, sintering due to insufficient alignment force exists, and the like). In order to solve these problems, liquid crystal display element manufacturers and liquid crystal alignment film manufacturers have made various studies under the present circumstances.

On the other hand, in recent years, an IPS mode using a zero plane anchoring technique has been proposed, and it has been reported that by using this method, contrast can be improved and a large low voltage driving can be performed compared to a conventional IPS mode (see patent document 1).

Specifically, a liquid crystal alignment film having strong anchoring energy is used on one substrate, and a substrate provided with one electrode that generates a lateral electric field is subjected to a treatment that does not have any alignment regulating force of liquid crystal at all, and an IPS mode liquid crystal display element is manufactured using these steps.

In recent years, a technique of producing a zero-plane state using a thick polymer brush or the like and zero-plane anchoring IPS mode has been proposed (reference 2). By using this technique, the contrast ratio is greatly improved and the drive voltage is greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

On the other hand, this technique has a problem in principle, and the 1 st example is that in order to stably produce a polymer brush on a substrate, it is necessary to perform the technique under very fine conditions, and it is not realistic if mass production is considered. As an example, the alignment film plays an important role such as suppression of sintering, but it is difficult to control necessary electrical properties when a polymer brush or the like is used. As the 3 rd example, the response speed when the voltage is turned Off (Off) in principle is very slow. By setting the alignment regulating force to zero, the resistance applied to the liquid crystal during driving is eliminated, and thereby a significant reduction in threshold voltage and an improvement in luminance due to a reduction in defective alignment region during driving can be expected.

If such a technical problem can be solved, it is considered that the panel manufacturer also has a great cost advantage, and it is also considered that the battery consumption is suppressed, the image quality is improved, and the like.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method using a polymer stabilization technique capable of manufacturing a zero-plane anchor film, and a lateral electric field liquid crystal display element and a manufacturing method thereof capable of simultaneously realizing non-contact alignment, a low driving voltage, and an increase in response speed at Off (Off) by a simple and inexpensive method at room temperature.

Means for solving the problems

The present inventors have conducted extensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention having the following gist.

Namely, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[1] A method of making a zero-plane anchoring membrane, comprising the steps of: in a state where a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound is brought into contact with a radical generating film, sufficient energy is imparted to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction.

[2] The method according to [1], wherein the radical generating film of the first substrate is a radical generating film subjected to a uniaxial orientation treatment.

[3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the step of imparting energy is performed in an electric field-free state.

[4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the radical generating film is a film in which an organic group that induces radical polymerization is immobilized.

[5] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the radical generating film is obtained by applying a composition of a compound having a radical generating group and a polymer, curing the composition to form a film, and immobilizing the film in the film.

[6] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the radical generating film comprises a polymer containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization.

[7] The method according to [6], wherein the polymer having an organic group which induces radical polymerization is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component, a polyimide, a polyurea and a polyamide, and the diamine component contains a diamine having an organic group which induces radical polymerization.

[8] The method according to any one of [4], [6] and [7], wherein the organic group that induces radical polymerization is an organic group represented by the following structures [ X-1] to [ X-14], [ W ], [ Y ] and [ Z ].

[ CHEM 1]

(formula [ X-1]]～[X14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the polymerizable unsaturated bond in the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹、R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. )

[ CHEM 2]

(formula [ W)]、[Y]、[Z]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene which may have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R represents⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, when R⁹And R¹⁰When is alkylAnd may be bonded to each other at the ends to form a ring structure. Q represents any one of the following structures.

[ CHEM 3]

(in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than Q in the compound molecule.)

R¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. )

[9] The method according to [7], wherein the diamine containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization is a diamine having a structure represented by the following general formula (6) or the following general formula (7).

[ CHEM 4]

(in the formula (6), R⁶Represents a single bond, -CH₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-NH-、-CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-；

R⁷Represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH's of the alkylene groups₂-or-CF₂-1 or more of-may be each independently substituted with a group selected from-CH ═ CH-, a divalent carbocyclic ring, and a divalent heterocyclic ring, and may be substituted with any one of the groups listed below, in the case where these groups are not adjacent to each other, that is, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, or-NH-;

R⁸represents a radical polymerization reactive group selected from the following formulae.

[ CHEM 5]

(formula [ X-1]]～[X-14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the radical polymerization reactive group of the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹、R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ))

[ CHEM 6]

(in the formula (7), T¹And T²Each independently is a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, -CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-，

S represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH' S in the alkylene group₂-or-CF₂-1 or more of may be each independently substituted by a group selected from-CH ═ CH-, divalent carbocyclic ring and divalent heterocyclic ring; further, it may be substituted with any of the groups listed below under conditions where these groups are not adjacent to each other, i.e.: -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-or-NH-,

j is an organic group represented by the following formula,

[ CHEM 7]

(formula [ W)]、[Y]、[Z]In, ＊ denotes AND T²A bonding position, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene which may have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atomsOr an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Q represents any of the following structures.

[ CHEM 8]

(in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than Q in the compound molecule.)

R¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ))

[10] The method according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein at least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is a compound having one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule and having compatibility with a liquid crystal.

[11] The method according to [10], wherein the polymerizable unsaturated bond of the radical polymerizable compound is selected from the following structures.

[ CHEM 9]

(wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a moiety other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule.)

[12] The method according to any one of [1] to [11], wherein the liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radically polymerizable compound is used, and the Tg of a polymer obtained by polymerizing the radically polymerizable compound is 100 ℃ or lower.

[13] A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell using the method according to any one of [1] to [12], comprising the steps of,

a step of preparing a first substrate having a radical generating film and a second substrate which may have a radical generating film;

a step of forming a cell so that the radical generating film on the first substrate faces the second substrate; and

and a step of filling a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[14] The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to [13], wherein the second substrate is a second substrate having no radical generating film.

[15] The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to [14], wherein the second substrate is a substrate coated with a liquid crystal alignment film having uniaxial alignment properties.

[16] The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to [15], wherein the liquid crystal alignment film having a uniaxial alignment property is a liquid crystal alignment film for horizontal alignment.

[17] The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell according to any one of [13] to [16], wherein the first substrate having the radical generating film is a substrate having comb-teeth electrodes.

[18] A liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound,

at least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is a compound having one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule and having compatibility with a liquid crystal,

the polymerizable unsaturated bond is selected from the following structures.

[ CHEM 10]

(wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a moiety other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule.)

[19] A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein a film having a zero plane anchoring state obtained by the method according to any one of [1] to [17] is used.

[20] A liquid crystal display element obtained by using the method according to [19 ].

[21] The liquid crystal display element according to [20], wherein the first substrate or the second substrate has an electrode.

[22] The liquid crystal display device according to [20] or [21], which is a low-voltage-driven lateral electric field liquid crystal display device.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, the zero-plane anchor film can be produced industrially with high yield. The method of the present invention can be used to easily produce a liquid crystal display element similar to the zero plane anchoring IPS mode liquid crystal display element described in patent documents 1 and 2, using an inexpensive raw material and a conventional production method. Further, the liquid crystal display element obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display element having the following excellent characteristics: compared with the prior art, the liquid crystal display has the advantages of higher response speed of liquid crystal when being turned Off, low driving voltage, no bright spots, capability of inhibiting Vcom offset in an IPS mode and higher definition in an FFS mode.

Detailed Description

The present invention is a method for producing a zero-plane anchor film, characterized in that a polymerizable compound is polymerized by UV or heat in a state where a liquid crystal containing a specific polymerizable compound is brought into contact with a radical generating film. More specifically, the method for manufacturing the zero-plane anchoring film comprises the following steps: a step of preparing a unit having a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant, and a radical polymerizable compound between a first substrate having a radical generating film and a second substrate which may have a radical generating film; and a step of imparting sufficient energy to the unit to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction. Preferably, the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell comprises the following steps: a step of preparing a first substrate having a radical generating film and a second substrate having no radical generating film; a step of manufacturing a cell so that the radical generating film faces the second substrate; and a step of filling a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound between the first substrate and the second substrate. For example, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a low-voltage-driven IPS liquid crystal display device, wherein the second substrate is a substrate (disc) having a uniaxially-oriented liquid crystal alignment film without a radical generating film, and the first substrate is a substrate having comb-teeth electrodes.

In the present invention, the "zero plane anchoring film" means a film which has no orientation regulating force of liquid crystal molecules in the in-plane direction at all, or is weaker than intermolecular force between liquid crystals even if any, and which cannot be used to uniaxially orient liquid crystal molecules in any direction. The zero-plane anchor film is not limited to a solid film, and may include a liquid film covering a solid surface. In general, in a liquid crystal display element, liquid crystal is aligned by using a pair of films for regulating alignment of liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal alignment films, but when the zero plane anchor film and the liquid crystal alignment film are used in pair, liquid crystal may be aligned. This is because the alignment regulating force of the liquid crystal alignment film is also transmitted in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer by the intermolecular force of the liquid crystal molecules, and as a result, the liquid crystal molecules close to the zero-plane anchoring film are also aligned. Therefore, when a liquid crystal alignment film for horizontal alignment is used as the liquid crystal alignment film, a horizontal alignment state can be produced in the entire liquid crystal cell. The horizontal alignment is a state in which the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially parallel to the liquid crystal alignment film surface, and an oblique alignment of about several degrees is included in the category of horizontal alignment.

[ composition for Forming free-radical-generating film ]

The radical generating film-forming composition for forming the radical generating film used in the present invention contains a polymer as a component and a group capable of generating radicals. In this case, the composition may be a composition containing a polymer in which groups capable of generating radicals are bonded, or a composition of a compound having groups capable of generating radicals and a polymer as a base resin. By applying such a composition and curing the composition to form a film, a radical generating film in which a group capable of generating a radical is fixed in the film can be obtained. The group capable of generating a radical is preferably an organic group which induces radical polymerization.

Examples of the organic group that induces radical polymerization include organic groups represented by the following structures [ X-1] to [ X-14], [ W ], [ Y ], and [ Z ].

[ CHEM 11]

(formula [ X-1]]～[X-14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the polymerizable unsaturated bond in the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹、R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. )

[ CHEM 12]

(formula [ W)]、[Y]、[Z]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene which may have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R represents⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, when R⁹And R¹⁰In the case of an alkyl group, the terminal groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. Q represents any one of the following structures.

[ CHEM 13]

(in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-, or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than Q in the compound molecule.)

R¹²Represents a hydrogen atom or halogenAn alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. )

As the polymer, for example, at least 1 kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimide precursor, and polyimide, polyurea, polyamide, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, and the like is preferable.

In order to obtain the radical generating film used in the present invention, in the case of using the above-mentioned polymer having an organic group which induces radical polymerization, it is preferable to perform production using the following monomers as monomer components to obtain a polymer having a group capable of generating radicals: a monomer having a photoreactive side chain containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a methacryloyl group, an acryloyl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a coumarinyl group, a styryl group, and a cinnamoyl group, or a monomer having a site generating a radical on the side chain, which is decomposed by ultraviolet irradiation. On the other hand, since the monomer generating a radical itself spontaneously polymerizes and eventually becomes an unstable compound, a polymer derived from a diamine having a radical generation site is preferable in terms of ease of synthesis, and polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester, polyimide, polyurea, and polyamide are more preferable.

Specifically, the diamine containing a radical generating site is, for example, a diamine having a side chain capable of generating a radical and performing polymerization, and examples thereof include a diamine represented by the following general formula (6), but the diamine is not limited thereto.

[ CHEM 14]

(in the formula (6), R⁶Represents a single bond, -CH₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-NH-、-CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-，

R⁷Represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH's of the alkylene groups₂-or-CF₂-1 or more of-may each be independently substituted with a group selected from-CH ═ CH-, divalent carbocyclic and divalent heterocyclic rings; further, it may be substituted with any of the groups listed below, provided that these groups are not adjacent to each other, i.e.: -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, or-NH-;

R⁸represents a radical polymerization reactive group selected from the following formulae.

[ CHEM 15]

(formula [ X-1]]～[X-14]Wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than the radical polymerization reactive group of the compound molecule, S¹、S²Each independently represents-O-, -NR-, -S-, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R¹，R²Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. )

Two amino groups (-NH) in the formula (6)₂) The bonding position of (2) is not limited. Specifically, examples of the bonding group to the side chain include 2,3 position, 2,4 position, 2,5 position, 2,6 position, 3,4 position, and 3,5 position on the benzene ring. Among them, from the viewpoint of reactivity in synthesizing polyamic acid, the 2, 4-position, 2, 5-position, or 3, 5-position is preferable. The 2, 4-position or 3, 5-position is more preferable in view of easiness in synthesizing the diamine.

Specific examples of the diamine having at least 1 photoreactive group selected from the group consisting of a methacryl group, an acryl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a coumarin group, a styryl group, and a cinnamoyl group include the following compounds, but are not limited to these compounds.

[ CHEM 16]

(in the formula, J¹Is a bonding group selected from a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -NHCO-, or-NH-, J²Represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom. )

The diamine having a moiety generating a radical as a side chain, which is decomposed by ultraviolet irradiation, includes a diamine represented by the following general formula (7), but is not limited thereto.

[ CHEM 17]

(in the formula (7), T¹And T²Each independently is a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, -CH₂O-、-N(CH₃)-、-CON(CH₃) -or-N (CH)₃)CO-，

S represents a single bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom, or any of-CH' S in the alkylene group₂-or-CF₂-1 or more of may be each independently substituted by a group selected from-CH ═ CH-, divalent carbocyclic ring, and divalent heterocyclic ring; and may be substituted by any of the groups listed below, i.e., -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-or-NH-without being adjacent to one another,

j is an organic group represented by the following formula,

[ CHEM 18]

(formula [ W)]、[Y]、[Z]In, ＊ denotes AND T²A bonding position, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene which may have an organic group and/or a halogen atom as a substituent, and R⁹And R¹⁰Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Q represents any of the following structures.

[ CHEM 19]

(in the formula, R¹¹represents-CH₂-, -NR-, -O-or-S-, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than Q in the compound molecule.)

R¹²Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ))

Two amino groups (-NH) in the above formula (7)₂) The bonding position of (2) is not limited. Specifically, examples of the bonding group to the side chain include 2,3 position, 2,4 position, 2,5 position, 2,6 position, 3,4 position, and 3,5 position on the benzene ring. Among them, from the viewpoint of reactivity in synthesizing polyamic acid, the 2, 4-position, 2, 5-position, or 3, 5-position is preferable. The 2, 4-position or 3, 5-position is more preferable in view of easiness in synthesizing the diamine.

In particular, in view of ease of synthesis, high versatility, characteristics, and the like, the structure represented by the following formula is most preferable, but the structure is not limited thereto.

[ CHEM 20]

(wherein n is an integer of 2 to 8.)

The diamine may be used in a mixture of 1 or 2 or more depending on the characteristics such as liquid crystal alignment property, sensitivity in polymerization reaction, voltage holding property, and accumulated charge when a radical generating film is formed.

The diamine having a site where such radical polymerization occurs is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 50 mol%, more preferably 10 to 40 mol%, and particularly preferably 15 to 30 mol%, based on the total amount of diamine components used for the synthesis of the polymer contained in the radical generating film-forming composition.

In addition, in the case where the polymer used for the radical generating film of the present invention is obtained from a diamine, other diamines than the diamine having the radical generating site may be used in combination as the diamine component as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. Specific examples thereof include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5, 6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2, 5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2, 4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2, 5-diaminotoluene, 2, 6-diaminotoluene, 2, 5-diaminophenol, 2, 4-diaminophenol, 3, 5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2, 4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4, 6-diaminoresorcinol, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3 ' -dimethyl-4, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3 ' -dimethoxy-4, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3 ' -dihydroxy-4, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 2, 5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2, 4-diaminotoluene, 2, 5-diaminophenol, 2, 4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-, 3,3 ' -dicarboxy-4, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3 ' -difluoro-4, 4' -biphenyl, 3 ' -trifluoromethyl-4, 4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3 ' -diaminobiphenyl, 2 ' -diaminobiphenyl, 2,3 ' -diaminobiphenyl, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3 ' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 2 ' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,3 ' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 4' -diaminodiphenyl ether, 3 ' -diaminodiphenyl ether, 3, 4' -diaminodiphenyl ether, 2 ' -diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,3 ' -diaminodiphenyl ether, and mixtures thereof, 2,3 '-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4' -sulfonyldiphenylamine, 3 '-sulfonyldiphenylamine, bis (4-aminophenyl) silane, bis (3-aminophenyl) silane, dimethyl-bis (4-aminophenyl) silane, dimethyl-bis (3-aminophenyl) silane, 4' -thiodiphenylamine, 3 '-thiodiphenylamine, 4' -diaminodiphenylamine, 3 '-diaminodiphenylamine, 3, 4' -diaminodiphenylamine, 2 '-diaminodiphenylamine, 2, 3' -diaminodiphenylamine, N-methyl (4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl) amine, N-methyl (3, 3' -diaminodiphenyl) amine, N-methyl-substituted diphenylamines, N-substituted diphenylamines, n-methyl (3,4 '-diaminodiphenyl) amine, N-methyl (2, 2' -diaminodiphenyl) amine, N-methyl (2,3 '-diaminodiphenyl) amine, 4' -diaminobenzophenone, 3 '-diaminobenzophenone, 3, 4' -diaminobenzophenone, 1, 4-diaminonaphthalene, 2 '-diaminobenzophenone, 2, 3' -diaminobenzophenone, 1, 5-diaminonaphthalene, 1, 6-diaminonaphthalene, 1, 7-diaminonaphthalene, 1, 8-diaminonaphthalene, 2, 5-diaminonaphthalene, 2, 6-diaminonaphthalene, 2, 7-diaminonaphthalene, 2, 8-diaminonaphthalene, 1, 2-bis (4-aminophenyl) ethane, 1, 2-bis (3-aminophenyl) ethane, 1, 3-bis (4-aminophenyl) propane, 1, 3-bis (3-aminophenyl) propane, 1, 4-bis (4-aminophenyl) butane, 1, 4-bis (3-aminophenyl) butane, bis (3, 5-diethyl-4-aminophenyl) methane, 1, 4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1, 3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1, 4-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1, 3-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1, 4-bis (4-aminobenzyl) benzene, 1, 3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 4' - [1, 4-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, and mixtures thereof, 4,4' - [1, 3-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, 3, 4' - [1, 4-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, 3, 4' - [1, 3-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, 3 ' - [1, 4-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, 3 ' - [1, 3-phenylenebis (methylene) ] diphenylamine, 1, 4-phenylenebis [ (4-aminophenyl) methanone ], 1, 4-phenylenebis [ (3-aminophenyl) methanone ], 1, 3-phenylenebis [ (4-aminophenyl) methanone ], 1, 3-phenylenebis [ (3-aminophenyl) methanone ], 1, 4-phenylenebis (4-aminobenzoate), 1, 4-phenylenebis (3-aminobenzoate), 1, 3-phenylenebis (4-aminobenzoate), 1, 3-phenylenebis (3-aminobenzoate), bis (4-aminophenyl) terephthalate, bis (3-aminophenyl) terephthalate, bis (4-aminophenyl) isophthalate, bis (3-aminophenyl) isophthalate, N '- (1, 4-phenylene) bis (4-aminobenzamide), N' - (1, 3-phenylene) bis (4-aminobenzamide), N '- (1, 4-phenylene) bis (3-aminobenzamide), N' - (1, 3-phenylene) bis (3-aminobenzamide), N, N ' -bis (4-aminophenyl) terephthalamide, N ' -bis (3-aminophenyl) terephthalamide, N ' -bis (4-aminophenyl) isophthalamide, N ' -bis (3-aminophenyl) isophthalamide, 9, 10-bis (4-aminophenyl) anthracene, 4' -bis (4-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 2 ' -bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ] propane, 2 ' -bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ] hexafluoropropane, 2 ' -bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2 ' -bis (3-amino-4-methylphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2 '-bis (4-aminophenyl) propane, 2' -bis (3-amino-4-methylphenyl) propane, trans-1, 4-bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane, 3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2, 5-diaminobenzoic acid, bis (4-aminophenoxy) methane, 1, 2-bis (4-aminophenoxy) ethane, 1, 3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) propane, 1, 3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) propane, 1, 4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) butane, 1, 4-bis (3-aminophenoxy) butane, 1, 5-bis (4-aminophenoxy) pentane, 2 '-bis (3-aminophenyl) propane, 2' -bis (3-aminophenyl) propane, trans-1, 4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane, 3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2, 5-diaminobenzoic acid, 1, 5-bis (3-aminophenoxy) pentane, 1, 6-bis (4-aminophenoxy) hexane, 1, 6-bis (3-aminophenoxy) hexane, 1, 7-bis (4-aminophenoxy) heptane, 1, 7-bis (3-aminophenoxy) heptane, 1, 8-bis (4-aminophenoxy) octane, 1, 8-bis (3-aminophenoxy) octane, 1, 9-bis (4-aminophenoxy) nonane, 1, 9-bis (3-aminophenoxy) nonane, 1, 10-bis (4-aminophenoxy) decane, 1, 10-bis (3-aminophenoxy) decane, 1, 11-bis (4-aminophenoxy) undecane, 1, 11-bis (3-aminophenoxy) undecane, Aromatic diamines such as 1, 12-bis (4-aminophenoxy) dodecane and 1, 12-bis (3-aminophenoxy) dodecane; alicyclic diamines such as bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane and bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane; aliphatic diamines such as 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 5-diaminopentane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 7-diaminoheptane, 1, 8-diaminooctane, 1, 9-diaminononane, 1, 10-diaminodecane, 1, 11-diaminoundecane, and 1, 12-diaminododecane; diamines having a urea structure such as 1, 3-bis [2- (p-aminophenyl) ethyl ] urea, 1, 3-bis [2- (p-aminophenyl) ethyl ] -1-tert-butoxycarbonylurea, and the like; diamines having a nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic structure, such as N-p-aminophenyl-4-p-aminophenyl (tert-butoxycarbonyl) aminomethylpiperidine; diamines having an N-Boc group such as N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N- (2- (4-aminophenyl) ethyl) -N- (4-aminobenzyl) amine, and the like.

The other diamines may be used in combination of 1 or 2 or more depending on the characteristics such as liquid crystal alignment property, polymerization reaction sensitivity, voltage holding property, and accumulated charge when a radical generating film is formed.

In the synthesis of the polymer being a polyamic acid, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited. Specific examples thereof include pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6, 7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5, 6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,6, 7-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5, 6-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ', 4,4' -biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ', 4' -biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ', 4,4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane, 2-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane, 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoro-2, 2-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane, Bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) dimethylsilane, bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) diphenylsilane, 2,3,4, 5-pyridinetetracarboxylic acid, 2, 6-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) pyridine, 3 ', 4,4' -diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic acid, 3,4,9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid, 1, 3-diphenyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, oxydiphthalic tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3, 4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,4, 5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3, 4-tetramethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, 1, 2-dimethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, 1, 3-dimethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3, 4-cycloheptanetetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid, 3, 4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinic acid, 2,3, 5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid, 3, 4-dicarboxy-1, 2,3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2, 4,6, 8-tetracarboxylic acid, bicyclo [4,3,0] nonane-2, 4,7, 9-tetracarboxylic acid, bicyclo [4,4,0] decane-2, 4,8, 10-tetracarboxylic acid, tricyclo [6.3.0.0<2,6> ] undecane-3, 5,9, 11-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 4- (2, 5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) -1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, bicyclo [2,2,2] oct-7-ene-2, 3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid, 5- (2, 5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, tetracyclo [6,2,1,1,0<2,7> ] dodecane-4, 5,9, 10-tetracarboxylic acid, 3,5, 6-tricarboxynorbornane-2: 3,5: a dianhydride of a tetracarboxylic acid such as 6-dicarboxylic acid or 1,2,4, 5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid.

Of course, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used in combination of 1 or 2 or more depending on the characteristics such as liquid crystal alignment property, sensitivity of polymerization reaction, voltage holding property, and accumulated charge when a radical generating film is formed.

In the synthesis when the polymer is a polyamic acid ester, the structure of the tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof are given below.

Specific examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diester include dialkyl 1,2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 1, 2-dimethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 1, 3-dimethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 1,2,3, 4-tetramethyl-1, 2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 1,2,3, 4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 1,2,4, 5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 3, 4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinate, dialkyl 3, 4-dicarboxy-1, 2,3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, Dialkyl 1,2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2, 4,6, 8-tetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 3,3 ', 4,4' -dicyclohexyltetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl 2,3, 5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetate, dialkyl cis-3, 7-dibutylcycloocta-1, 5-diene-1, 2,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid, dialkyl tricyclo [4.2.1.0<2,5> ] nonane-3, 4,7, 8-tetracarboxylic acid-3, 4: 7, 8-dialkyl ester, hexacyclic [6.6.0.1<2,7>.0<3,6>.1<9,14>.0<10,13> ] hexadecane-4, 5,11, 12-tetracarboxylic acid-4, 5: 11, 12-dialkyl esters, 4- (2, 5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) -1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters, and the like.

Examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester include a pyromellitic acid dialkyl ester, a 3,3 ', 4,4' -biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a 2,2 ', 3,3 ' -biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a 2,3,3 ', 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a 3,3 ', 4,4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a 2,3,3 ', 4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dialkyl ester, a bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dialkyl ester, a1, 2,5, 6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, and a 2,3,6, 7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester.

In the synthesis of the polymer in the case of polyurea, the diisocyanate to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited and may be used according to availability and the like. Specific structures of the diisocyanates are shown below.

[ CHEM 21]

In the formula R²²、R³³Represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

The aliphatic diisocyanates represented by K-1 to K-5 have the advantage of improving solvent solubility despite their poor reactivity, and the aromatic diisocyanates represented by K-6 to K-7 have the effect of improving heat resistance while being rich in reactivity, but have the disadvantage of reducing solvent solubility. In terms of versatility and characteristics, K-1, K-7, K-8, K-9 and K-10 are particularly preferable, and in terms of electrical characteristics, K-12 is particularly preferable; from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment properties, K-13 is particularly preferable. The diisocyanate may be used in combination of 1 or more, and is preferably used in various forms depending on the desired properties.

In addition, a part of diisocyanate may be substituted with the tetracarboxylic dianhydride described above, and may be used in the form of a copolymer of polyamic acid and polyurea, or may be used in the form of a copolymer of polyimide and polyurea by chemical imidization.

The structure of the dicarboxylic acid to be reacted in the synthesis when the polymer is a polyamide is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof are as follows. Specific examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, oxalic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, hexadiene diacid, 2-methyladipic acid, trimethyladipic acid, pimelic acid, 2-dimethylglutaric acid, 3-diethylsuccinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and suberic acid.

Examples of the alicyclic dicarboxylic acid include 1, 1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, 1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 3, 4-diphenyl-1, 2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 2, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1-cyclobutane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, 1-cyclobutane-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4- (2-norbornene) dicarboxylic acid, norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-dioxo-1, 4-bicyclo [2.2.2] octane dicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid, 4, 8-dioxo-1, 3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-spiro [3.3] heptane dicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-adamantane diacetic acid, camphoric acid, etc.

Examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, 5-t-butylisophthalic acid, 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 2, 5-dimethylterephthalic acid, tetramethylterephthalic acid, 1, 4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-anthracenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-anthraquinonedicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4 '-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 1, 5-biphenylenedicarboxylic acid, 4' -terphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4 '-diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4 '-Diphenylpropanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylhexafluoropropanedicarboxylic acid, 4 '-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4' -bibenzyldicarboxylic acid, 4-Dicarboxylic acids, 4 '-diphenylacetylenedicarboxylic acid (4,4' -tolanedicarboxylic acid), 4 '-carbonyldibenzoic acid, 4' -sulfonyldibenzoic acid, 4 '-dithiodibenzoic acid, p-phenylenediacetic acid, 3' -p-phenylenedipropionic acid, 4-carboxycinnamic acid, p-phenylenediacrylic acid, 3 '- [4, 4' - (methylenedi-p-phenylene)]Dipropionic acid, 4'- [4, 4' - (oxo-di-p-phenylene)]Dipropionic acid, 4'- [4, 4' - (oxo-di-p-phenylene)]And dicarboxylic acids such as dibutanoic acid, (isopropylidenediparaphenylenedioxo) dibutanoic acid, and bis (p-carboxyphenyl) dimethylsilane.

Examples of the dicarboxylic acid having a heterocycle include 1,5- (9-oxofluorene) dicarboxylic acid, 3, 4-furandicarboxylic acid, 4, 5-thiazoledicarboxylic acid, 2-phenyl-4, 5-thiazoledicarboxylic acid, 1,2, 5-thiadiazole-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,2, 5-oxadiazole-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid, 2, 3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2, 4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3, 4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and 3, 5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

The above-mentioned various dicarboxylic acids may be those of the structure of acid dihalides or acid anhydrides. These dicarboxylic acids are particularly preferably dicarboxylic acids capable of imparting a linear structure to the polyamide, from the viewpoint of maintaining the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Among them, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylethanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylpropanedicarboxylic acid, 4' -diphenylhexafluoropropanedicarboxylic acid, 2-bis (phenyl) propanedicarboxylic acid, 4-terphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, acid dihalides thereof, and the like are preferably used. These compounds also include compounds that exist as isomers, and may be mixtures comprising them. In addition, 2 or more compounds may be used in combination. The dicarboxylic acids used in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned exemplary compounds.

In the case of obtaining a polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, polyurea, and polyamide by the reaction of a diamine (also referred to as "diamine component") as a raw material and a component selected from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride (also referred to as "tetracarboxylic dianhydride component"), a tetracarboxylic diester, a diisocyanate, and a dicarboxylic acid as a raw material, a known synthesis method can be used. In general, the method is a method of reacting a diamine component and one or more components selected from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, a tetracarboxylic diester, a diisocyanate, and a dicarboxylic acid in an organic solvent.

The reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is advantageous in the following respects: the method is easy to carry out in an organic solvent, and does not produce byproducts.

The organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polymer formed. Further, even if the organic solvent is an organic solvent that does not dissolve the polymer, the organic solvent may be used in combination with the above-mentioned solvent within a range that the polymer to be produced does not precipitate. Since moisture in the organic solvent acts as a cause of inhibiting the polymerization reaction and hydrolyzing the polymer formed, it is preferable to use an organic solvent that has been dehydrated and dried.

Examples of the organic solvent include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, isopropanol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethylpentyl ketone, methylnonyl ketone, methylethyl ketone, methylisoamyl ketone, methylisopropyl ketone, methylcellosolve, ethylcellosolve, methylcellosolve acetate, dimethylvaleryl ketone, dimethylisopropyl ketone, methylcellosolve, ethylcellosolve, and the like, Butyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol tertiary-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monopropyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, diisopropyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, methyl carbitol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, diisobutylene, amyl acetate, butyl butyrate, butyl ether, diisobutyl ketone, methylcyclohexene, propyl ether, dihexyl ether, dioxane, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-octane, diethyl ether, cyclohexanone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, methylethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-ethoxypropionic acid, propyl 3-methoxypropionate, butyl 3-methoxypropionate, diglyme, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and the like. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.

When the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted in an organic solvent, the following method may be mentioned: a method of adding the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component directly or by dispersing or dissolving the diamine component in the organic solvent by stirring a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving the diamine component in the organic solvent; a method of adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent; a method of alternately adding a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. Any of these methods may be used. In the case where the diamine component or the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is composed of a plurality of compounds, these components may be reacted in a state of being mixed in advance, or they may be reacted in sequence, or low molecular weight materials obtained by the respective reactions may be further subjected to a mixing reaction to produce a high molecular weight material.

The temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted may be selected from any temperature, for example, from-20 to 100 ℃, preferably from-5 to 80 ℃. The reaction can be carried out at any concentration, and for example, the total amount of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 5 to 30% by mass, based on the reaction solution.

The ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component in the polymerization reaction can be arbitrarily selected depending on the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained. As in the case of the usual polycondensation reaction, the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced becomes larger as the molar ratio becomes closer to 1.0. The preferable range is 0.8 to 1.2.

The method for synthesizing the polymer used in the present invention is not limited to the above method, and in the case of synthesizing a polyamic acid, a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as a tetracarboxylic acid or a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide having a corresponding structure is used in place of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and reacted by a known method to obtain a corresponding polyamic acid, as in the case of a conventional method for synthesizing a polyamic acid. In the case of synthesizing polyurea, a diamine and a diisocyanate may be reacted. In the production of the polyamic acid ester or the polyamide, the diamine and a component selected from the group consisting of a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a dicarboxylic acid may be derivatized to an acid halide in the presence of a known condensing agent or by a known method, and then reacted with the diamine.

Examples of the method for imidizing the polyamic acid to obtain a polyimide include thermal imidization in which a solution of the polyamic acid is directly heated, and imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyamic acid. The imidization ratio of the polyamic acid to the polyimide is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 30 to 99% from the viewpoint of improving the voltage holding ratio. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of whitening properties, that is, from the viewpoint of suppressing precipitation of a polymer in a varnish, it is preferably 70% or less. If both properties are considered together, the ratio is more preferably 40 to 80%.

The temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in a solution is usually 100 to 400 ℃, preferably 120 to 250 ℃, and is preferably carried out while removing water generated by the imidization reaction from the system.

The catalytic imidization of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a solution of polyamic acid, usually by stirring at-20 to 250 ℃ and preferably at 0 to 180 ℃. The amount of the basic catalyst is usually 0.5 to 30 times, preferably 2 to 20 times, the amount of the acid anhydride is usually 1 to 50 times, preferably 3 to 30 times, the amount of the acid amide group. Examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine, and among these, pyridine is preferable because it has a suitable basic group for allowing the reaction to proceed. The acid anhydride includes acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like, and among these, acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is easy. The imidization rate based on the catalyst imidization can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the catalyst and the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the like.

In the case of recovering the produced polymer from the polymer reaction solution, the reaction solution may be introduced into a lean solvent to precipitate the polymer. Examples of the poor solvent for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water. The polymer precipitated by charging the lean solvent may be recovered by filtration, and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure or by heating. Further, if the operation of re-dissolving the polymer obtained by the precipitation recovery in the organic solvent and re-precipitating and recovering is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced. Examples of the lean solvent in this case include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and if 3 or more kinds of lean solvents selected from these are used, the purification efficiency is further improved, and therefore, it is preferable.

In addition, in the case where the above-mentioned radical generating film comprises a polymer containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization, the radical generating film forming composition used in the present invention may comprise other polymers than the polymer containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization. In this case, the content of the other polymer in the total polymer component is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass.

In consideration of the strength of the radical generating film obtained by coating the radical generating film, workability in forming the coating film, uniformity of the coating film, and the like, the molecular weight of the polymer contained in the radical generating film forming composition is preferably 5000 to 1000000, more preferably 10000 to 150000, in terms of a weight average molecular weight measured by a gpc (gel polymerization chromatography) method.

As the polymer used in the radical generating film of the present invention obtained by applying a composition of a compound having a radical generating group and a polymer and curing the composition to form a film to fix the composition in the film, at least 1 polymer selected from a polyimide precursor produced by the above production method, and a polyimide, a polyurea, a polyamide, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, and the like can be used, the polymer is obtained using a diamine component, and the diamine component is 0 mol% of the diamine component having a site where radical polymerization occurs in the total diamine component used for synthesis of the polymer contained in the radical generating film forming composition. The compound having a radical-generating group to be added at this time includes the following compounds.

The compound that generates radicals by heat is a compound that generates radicals by heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature. Examples of such radical thermal polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, etc.), diacyl peroxides (acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxides (hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, etc.), dialkyl peroxides (di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, etc.), peroxyketals (e.g., dibutyl peroxycyclohexane), alkyl peresters (e.g., tert-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, and tert-amyl 2-ethylcyclohexane peroxide), persulfates (e.g., potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate), and azo compounds (e.g., azobisisobutyronitrile and 2, 2' -bis (2-hydroxyethyl) azobisisobutyronitrile). Such radical thermal polymerization initiators may be used alone in 1 kind, or may be used in combination in 2 or more kinds.

The compound that generates radicals by light is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation. Examples of such radical photopolymerization initiators include benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 4' -bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, isopropyl xanthone, 2, 4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4 ' -isopropylphenylacetone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, isopropylbenzoin ether, isobutylbenzoin ether, 2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, camphorquinone, benzanthrone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl ] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, and mixtures thereof, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 4,4' -di (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 3,4, 4' -tri (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2- (4 ' -methoxystyryl) -4, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (3 ', 4' -dimethoxystyryl) -4, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (2 ', 4' -dimethoxystyryl) -4, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (2 '-methoxystyryl) -4, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4' -pentyloxystyryl) -4, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 4- [ p-N, N-bis (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) ] -2, 6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 1, 3-bis (trichloromethyl) -5- (2 '-chlorophenyl) -s-triazine, 1, 3-bis (trichloromethyl) -5- (4' -methoxyphenyl) -s-triazine, 2- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) benzoxazole, 2- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) benzothiazole, and mixtures thereof, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 3 ' -carbonylbis (7-diethylaminocoumarin), 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4, 4', 5,5 ' -tetraphenyl-1, 2 ' -biimidazole, 2 ' -bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4, 4', 5,5 ' -tetrakis (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -1,2 ' -biimidazole, 2 ' -bis (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -4, 4', 5,5 ' -tetraphenyl-1, 2 ' -biimidazole, 2 ' -bis (2, 4-dibromophenyl) -4, 4', 5,5 ' -tetraphenyl-1, 2 ' -biimidazole, 2 ' -bis (2,4, 6-trichlorophenyl) -4, 4', 5, 5' -tetraphenyl-1, 2 '-biimidazole, 3- (2-methyl-2-dimethylaminopropionyl) carbazole, 3, 6-bis (2-methyl-2-morpholinopropionyl) -9-n-dodecylcarbazole, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, bis (5-2, 4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) -bis (2, 6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -phenyl) titanium, 3', 4,4 '-tetrakis (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 3', 4,4 '-tetrakis (tert-hexylperoxy carbonyl) benzophenone, 3' -bis (methoxycarbonyl) -4, 4' -di (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 3, 4' -di (methoxycarbonyl) -4,3 ' -di (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 4' -di (methoxycarbonyl) -3,3 ' -di (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 2- (3-methyl-3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidene) -1-naphthalen-2-yl-ethanone or 2- (3-methyl-1, 3-benzothiazol-2 (3H) -ylidene) -1- (2-benzoyl) ethanone, etc. These compounds may be used alone, or 2 or more of them may be used in combination.

Even when the radical generating film contains a polymer containing an organic group which induces radical polymerization, the radical generating film may contain the compound having a radical generating group to accelerate radical polymerization when energy is applied.

The radical generating film-forming composition may contain an organic solvent which dissolves or disperses the polymer component and, if necessary, other components than the radical generator. Such an organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the organic solvents exemplified in the synthesis of the polyamic acid. Among them, from the viewpoint of solubility, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, γ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropane amide, and the like are preferable. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is particularly preferable, and a mixed solvent of 2 or more kinds may be used.

Further, it is preferable to use a solvent for improving the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film in combination with an organic solvent having high solubility of the components contained in the radical generating film forming composition.

Examples of the solvent for improving the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film include isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol t-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monob, Dipropylene glycol monoacetate monopropyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, diisopropyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, diisobutylene, amyl acetate, butyl butyrate, butyl ether, diisobutyl ketone, methylcyclohexene, propyl ether, dihexyl ether, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-octane, diethyl ether, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, methylethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-ethoxypropionic acid, propyl 3-methoxypropionate, butyl 3-methoxypropionate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, dipropylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, isoamyl lactate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and the like. These solvents may be mixed in plural. When these solvents are used, the amount of the solvent is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.

The radical generating film-forming composition may contain components other than those described above. Examples thereof include: a compound which improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when the radical generating film forming composition is applied, a compound which improves the adhesion between the radical generating film forming composition and the substrate, a compound which further improves the film strength of the radical generating film forming composition, and the like.

More specifically, for example, Eftop EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tohkem Products), MEGAFAC F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by Dainippon ink Co., Ltd.), F L UORAGAD FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), Asahijguard AG710, SURF L ON S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, and SC106 (manufactured by Asahi glass Co., Ltd.) are used, and when these surfactants are used, the ratio thereof to be used is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, based ON 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the radical generating film forming composition.

Specific examples of the compound for improving the adhesion between the radical generating film forming composition and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy-containing compound. Examples thereof include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-triethoxysilylpropyltriethylenetriamine, N-trimethoxysilylpropyltriethylenetriamine, N-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethyltrimethoxysilane, 10-trimethoxysilyl-1, 4, 7-triazodecane, 10-triethoxysilyl-1, 4, 7-triazodecane, 9-trimethoxysilyl-3, 6-diaza-nonyl acetate, 9-triethoxysilyl-3, 6-diaza-nonyl acetate, N-benzyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-benzyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-bis (oxyethylene) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-bis (oxyethylene) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-bis (oxyethylene) -3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-bis (oxyethylene) -3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-bis (oxyethylene) -3-aminobutyltrimethoxysilane, N-bis (oxypropyl-3, Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1, 6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, 2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5, 6-tetraglycidyl-2, 4-hexanediol, N, N, N ', N ' -tetraglycidyl-m-xylylenediamine, 1, 3-bis (N, N-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, N, N, N ', N ' -tetraglycidyl-4, 4' -diaminodiphenylmethane, 3- (N-allyl-N-glycidyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (N, N-diglycidyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the like.

In addition, in order to further improve the film strength of the radical generating film, a phenol compound such as 2, 2' -bis (4-hydroxy-3, 5-dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane or tetrakis (methoxymethyl) bisphenol may be added. When these compounds are used, the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymers contained in the composition for forming a free-radical-generating film.

In addition to the above, a dielectric or conductive substance for changing electrical characteristics such as dielectric constant, conductivity, etc. of the radical generating film may be added to the radical generating film forming composition within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.

[ free radical generating film ]

The radical generating film of the present invention is obtained by using the above-mentioned radical generating film forming composition. For example, a cured film obtained by applying the radical generating film-forming composition used in the present invention to a substrate, and then drying and sintering the composition may be used as it is as a radical generating film. The cured film may be rubbed, irradiated with polarized light, light of a specific wavelength, or the like, treated with an ion beam, or the like, or irradiated with UV as an alignment film for PSA to a liquid crystal display element filled with liquid crystal.

The substrate to which the radical generating film-forming composition is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a substrate having high transparency, and is preferably a substrate in which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed on the substrate.

Specific examples thereof include substrates having transparent electrodes formed on plastic plates such as glass plates, polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherketone, trimethylpentene, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, (meth) acrylonitrile, triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate butyrate.

Electrode patterns such as standard IPS comb electrodes and PSA fishbone electrodes, or projection patterns such as MVA, can be used for the substrates that can be used in IPS liquid crystal display elements.

In addition, as a high-functional element such as a TFT-type element, a member in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for liquid crystal driving and a substrate can be used.

In the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display element, the substrate as described above is generally used, but in the case of a reflective liquid crystal display element, an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used if it is a single-sided substrate. In this case, a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrodes formed on the substrate.

Examples of the method of applying the composition for forming a radical generating film include spin coating, printing, ink jet, spray coating, and roll coating, and the transfer printing method is widely used industrially from the viewpoint of productivity, and is preferably used in the present invention.

The step of drying after the application of the radical generating film-forming composition is not necessarily required, but when the time from the application to the firing is not uniform among the substrates or when the firing is not performed immediately after the application, the step of drying is preferably included. The drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transportation of the substrate or the like. For example, the drying is carried out on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 to 150 ℃, preferably 60 to 100 ℃ for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes.

The coating film formed by applying the radical generating film-forming composition by the above-mentioned method may be sintered to form a cured film. In this case, the sintering temperature may be generally any temperature of 100 to 350 ℃, and is preferably 140 to 300 ℃, more preferably 150 to 230 ℃, and still more preferably 160 to 220 ℃. The sintering time may be generally any time from 5 minutes to 240 minutes. Preferably 10 to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 90 minutes. The heating may be generally carried out by a known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulation oven, an IR oven, a belt oven, or the like.

The thickness of the cured film may be selected as needed, and is preferably 5nm or more, more preferably 10nm or more, because the reliability of the liquid crystal display element is easily obtained. Further, when the thickness of the cured film is preferably 300nm or less, more preferably 150nm or less, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display element does not become extremely large, and thus it is preferable.

As described above, the first substrate having the radical generating film can be obtained, but the radical generating film may be subjected to the uniaxial orientation treatment. Examples of the method of performing the uniaxial orientation treatment include a photo-orientation method, an oblique vapor deposition method, rubbing, a uniaxial orientation treatment by a magnetic field, and the like.

When the alignment treatment is performed by performing the rubbing treatment in one direction, for example, the substrate is moved so that the rubbing cloth comes into contact with the film while rotating a rubbing roller around which the rubbing cloth is wound. In the case of the first substrate of the present invention in which the comb-teeth electrodes are formed, the direction can be selected according to the electrical properties of the liquid crystal, but in the case of using a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, the rubbing direction is preferably substantially the same direction as the direction in which the comb-teeth electrodes extend.

The second substrate of the present invention is the same as the first substrate described above except that it does not have a radical generating film. It is preferable to produce a substrate having a conventionally known liquid crystal alignment film.

< liquid crystal cell >

The liquid crystal cell of the present invention is obtained by the following method: after the radical generating film is formed on the substrate by the above method, the substrate having the radical generating film (first substrate) and the substrate having a known liquid crystal alignment film (second substrate) are arranged so that the radical generating film and the liquid crystal alignment film face each other, fixed with a sealant by sandwiching a spacer, and a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant, and a radical polymerizable compound is injected and sealed. In this case, the size of the spacer used is usually 1 to 30 μm, preferably 2 to 10 μm.

The method of injecting the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal, the chiral dopant and the radical polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method in which the inside of the prepared liquid crystal cell is reduced in pressure and then a mixture containing the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound is injected; a dropping method in which a mixture containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound is dropped and then sealed, and the like.

< liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystal, chiral dopant and radical polymerizable compound >

In the production of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the polymerizable compound used together with the liquid crystal is not particularly limited as long as it is a radical polymerizable compound, and is, for example, a compound having one or two or more polymerizable unsaturated bonds in one molecule. Preferably, the compound has one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "compound having a monofunctional polymerizable group", or the like). The polymerizable unsaturated bond is preferably a radical polymerizable unsaturated bond, for example, a vinyl bond.

At least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is preferably a compound having one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule, that is, a compound having a monofunctional radical polymerizable group, which is compatible with a liquid crystal.

The polymerizable group of the radical polymerizable compound is preferably a polymerizable group selected from the following structures.

[ CHEM 22]

(wherein ＊ represents a site bonded to a portion other than a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a compound molecule.)

In addition, in the liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal, a chiral dopant and a radical polymerizable compound, it is preferable that the liquid crystal composition contains a radical polymerizable compound in which the Tg of a polymer obtained by polymerizing the radical polymerizable compound is 100 ℃ or lower.

The compound having a monofunctional radical polymerizable group is a compound having an unsaturated bond capable of radical polymerization in the presence of an organic radical, and examples thereof include methacrylate monomers such as t-butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and n-octyl methacrylate; acrylate monomers such as t-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and n-octyl acrylate; styrene, styrene derivatives (e.g., o-, m-, p-methoxystyrene, o-, m-, p-t-butoxystyrene, o-, m-, p-chloromethylstyrene, etc.), vinyl esters (e.g., vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl acetate, etc.), vinyl ketones (e.g., vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone, etc.), N-vinyl compounds (e.g., N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylindole, etc.), (meth) acrylic acid derivatives (e.g., acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, etc.), halogenated ethylenes (e.g., vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, hexachloropentadiene, etc.), halogenated ethylenes (e.g., vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, hexachloropentadiene, methyl vinyl acetate, etc.) Vinyl fluoride, etc.). But is not limited thereto. These various radically polymerizable monomers may be used alone, or 2 or more kinds may be used in combination. These compounds are preferably compatible with liquid crystals.

The content of the radical polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the liquid crystal and the radical polymerizable compound; preferably 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or less.

The Tg of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the radical polymerizable compound is preferably 100 ℃ or lower.

The liquid crystal is a substance that is generally in a state of exhibiting both properties of a solid and a liquid, and includes, as a representative liquid crystal phase, nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, 4-pentyl-4' -cyanobiphenyl.

The chiral dopant is an optically active compound added to a nematic liquid crystal in a small amount to obtain a cholesteric liquid crystal. The chiral dopant does not necessarily exhibit liquid crystallinity, but may be liquid crystalline. Generally, chiral dopants generate intermolecular forces that act to align nematic liquid crystal molecules at a slight angle with respect to each other.

The pitch of cholesteric liquid crystals is variable depending on the structure and amount of the chiral dopant.

Specific examples of chiral dopants are non-polymerizable chiral compounds, for example, standard chiral dopants such as R-811, S-811, R-1011, S-1011, R-2011, S-2011, R-3011, S-3011, R-4011, S-4011, R-5011, S-5011 or CB15 (Merck), sorbitol alcohols such as those described in WO98/00428A1, hydrobenzoin such as those described in GB2328207, binaphthols such as those described in WO02/94805A1, chiral binaphthol acetals such as those described in WO02/34739A1, chiral TADD L such as those described in WO02/06265A1, or chiral compounds having a fluorinated cross-linking group such as those described in WO02/06196A1 or WO 0613/06195A 1, chiral compounds such as chiral polymeric materials (e.g., BASlioc 46756) are mentioned.

The amount of the chiral dopant to be added is appropriately adjusted depending on the degree of the twist angle and the twist pitch to be set, but is usually in the range of 0.001 to 1% by mass.

Next, a sufficient energy for polymerizing the radical polymerizable compound is applied to the liquid crystal cell into which the mixture (liquid crystal composition) containing the liquid crystal, the chiral dopant, and the radical polymerizable compound is introduced. This can be performed by, for example, applying heat or UV irradiation, and the radical polymerizable compound is polymerized in situ to develop desired characteristics. Among them, UV irradiation is preferable in that UV can form an orientation pattern and a polymerization reaction can be performed in a short time.

In addition, heating may be performed during UV irradiation. The heating temperature in the UV irradiation is preferably within a temperature range in which the introduced liquid crystal exhibits liquid crystallinity, and is usually 40 ℃ or higher, and is preferably lower than the temperature at which the liquid crystal becomes an isotropic phase.

The UV irradiation wavelength in the UV irradiation is preferably a wavelength which is most suitable for selecting the quantum yield of the polymerizable compound to be reacted, and the UV irradiation dose is usually 0.01 to 30J/cm²Preferably 10J/cm²Hereinafter, when the amount of UV irradiation is small, the decrease in reliability including the destruction of the member constituting the liquid crystal display can be suppressed, and the UV irradiation time can be reduced to improveThe tact time in manufacturing is therefore appropriate. With a wavelength range including 313nm, long-time irradiation can be performed.

The heating for polymerization by heating alone without UV irradiation is preferably performed at a temperature at which the polymerizable compound reacts, that is, in a temperature range lower than the decomposition temperature of the liquid crystal. Specifically, it is, for example, 40 ℃ to 100 ℃.

When sufficient energy is applied to cause the radical polymerizable compound to undergo a polymerization reaction, it is preferable to be in an electric field-free state without applying a voltage.

< liquid crystal display element >

The liquid crystal display element can be manufactured using the liquid crystal cell obtained as described above.

For example, a reflective liquid crystal display element can be manufactured by providing a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode, a λ/4 plate, a polarizing film, a color filter layer, and the like in the liquid crystal cell according to a conventional method as needed.

In addition, a backlight, a polarizing plate, a λ/4 plate, a transparent electrode, a polarizing film, a color filter layer, and the like may be provided in the liquid crystal cell according to a conventional method as required to form a transmissive liquid crystal display element.