阅读说明：本技术 油页岩干燥设备 (Oil shale drying equipment ) 是由 胡军胜 王永德 王亚斌 于 2021-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油页岩干燥设备,包括：干燥窑单元和与干燥窑单元连通以加热干燥窑单元吸入的用于干燥油页岩的气体的热风炉单元；干燥窑单元包括：干燥窑和设置于干燥窑内用于输送油页岩的输送子单元,以及用于降低输送单元表面温度的降温子单元；通过热风与水洗后油页岩逆向接触干燥,依靠热风的温度和动能快速将油页岩的表面水去除,还设置降温子单元降低输送子单元表面温度,有效避免输送子单元在干燥高温下寿命受损。(The invention discloses an oil shale drying device, which comprises: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the device comprises a drying kiln, a conveying subunit and a cooling subunit, wherein the conveying subunit is arranged in the drying kiln and used for conveying oil shale; through hot-blast and the reverse contact drying of water-washed back oil shale, rely on hot-blast temperature and kinetic energy to get rid of the surface water of oil shale fast, still set up the cooling subunit and reduce and carry subunit surface temperature, effectively avoid carrying the subunit life-span under dry high temperature impaired.)

1. An oil shale drying apparatus, comprising: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the drying kiln and set up in the drying kiln is used for carrying the conveying subelement of oil shale to and be used for reducing conveying subelement surface temperature's cooling subelement.

2. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hot blast stove unit comprises a combustion fan and a hot blast stove, the hot blast stove is respectively communicated with a natural gas station and the combustion fan, the combustion fan delivers air into the hot blast stove to support combustion, the natural gas station delivers natural gas into the hot blast stove, and the hot blast stove burns the natural gas to generate heat to heat air sucked by the drying kiln unit and passing through the hot blast stove.

3. The oil shale drying equipment according to claim 2, wherein a natural gas safety valve for cutting off natural gas urgently and a pressure reducing valve for regulating and controlling natural gas pressure are respectively connected to the communication between the hot blast stove and the natural gas station.

4. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 3, wherein a pressure gauge is connected to the pressure relief valve for monitoring the pressure of the natural gas delivered into the hot blast stove.

5. The oil shale drying apparatus of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the hot blast stove is further in communication with a fume extraction tower for extracting fumes from combustion of natural gas.

6. The oil shale drying equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein at least two burners for igniting natural gas are arranged in a vertical direction in the furnace chamber of the hot blast stove, and the burners are ignited from bottom to top.

7. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein a direction of travel of the transport sub-unit is opposite to a direction of travel of the gas for drying oil shale.

8. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveying sub-unit comprises a belt for supporting the oil shale and a driver for driving the belt to operate so as to drive the oil shale to move, and the cooling sub-unit is disposed below the belt.

9. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 8, wherein the temperature reduction sub-unit comprises a refrigeration fan that draws cool air outside the drying kiln into the kiln to reduce the temperature of the belt.

10. The oil shale drying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drying kiln unit further comprises a hot air blower and a moisture exhaust blower disposed outside the drying kiln and in communication with the drying kiln via a duct;

the hot air blower is used for sucking the gas for drying the oil shale, and the moisture exhausting fan is used for pumping out the damp-heat gas after the oil shale is dried;

the outlet temperature of the air heater does not exceed 300 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil shale production, in particular to oil shale drying equipment.

Background

Oil shale (also called kerogen shale) is a high ash sedimentary rock containing combustible organic matter, and the main difference between the oil shale and coal is that the ash content is over 40 percent, and the main difference between the oil shale and carbonaceous shale is that the oil content is more than 3.5 percent. The oil shale is subjected to low-temperature dry distillation to obtain shale oil, and the shale oil is similar to crude oil and can be prepared into gasoline, diesel oil or fuel oil.

The oil shale needs to be cleaned before dry distillation, and the surface moisture of the oil shale is increased after the oil shale is washed by water, so that adverse effects in two aspects can be caused in subsequent production. Firstly, a large amount of heat is consumed in the dry distillation process of the oil shale, so that the treatment capacity is difficult to improve. Secondly, during production in winter, oil shale is easy to freeze in the transportation process or accumulated in a cylindrical bin, a large bin and a small bin, and cannot normally feed a gas retort, so that production is directly restricted; meanwhile, a great resource investment is needed during unfreezing, and certain potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, the washed oil shale needs to be dried, and the surface moisture carried by the oil shale is reduced.

Oil shale is usually dried in batches, and because the volume and the mass are large, a conveying structure is needed to convey the oil shale during drying, but at a high temperature, the service life of the conveying structure is short, so that the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the oil shale drying equipment with long service life is provided.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an oil shale drying apparatus comprising: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the drying kiln and set up in the drying kiln is used for carrying the conveying subelement of oil shale to and be used for reducing conveying subelement surface temperature's cooling subelement.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot blast stove unit comprises a combustion fan and a hot blast stove, the hot blast stove is respectively communicated with a natural gas station and the combustion fan, the combustion fan delivers air to the hot blast stove for combustion, the natural gas station delivers natural gas to the hot blast stove, and the hot blast stove burns the natural gas to generate heat for heating air sucked by the drying kiln unit and passing through the hot blast stove.

In a preferred embodiment, a natural gas safety valve for cutting off natural gas urgently and a pressure reducing valve for regulating and controlling natural gas pressure are respectively connected to the communication part of the hot blast stove and the natural gas station.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure reducing valve is connected to a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure of the natural gas delivered into the furnace.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot blast stove is further connected to a fume extraction tower for extracting fumes generated by combustion of natural gas.

In a preferred embodiment, at least two burners for igniting natural gas are arranged in the furnace chamber of the hot blast stove in the vertical direction, and the burners are ignited from bottom to top.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying subunit runs in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of the gas for drying the oil shale.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying subunit includes a belt for supporting the oil shale and a driver for driving the belt to operate so as to drive the oil shale to move, and the cooling subunit is disposed below the belt.

In a preferred embodiment, the cooling subunit includes a cooling fan that draws cool air outside the drying kiln into the kiln to reduce the temperature of the belt.

In a preferred embodiment, the drying kiln unit further comprises an air heater and a moisture exhaust fan which are arranged outside the drying kiln and communicated with the drying kiln through pipelines;

the hot air blower is used for sucking the gas for drying the oil shale, and the moisture exhausting fan is used for pumping out the damp-heat gas after the oil shale is dried;

the outlet temperature of the hot air blower is not more than 300 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: provided is an oil shale drying apparatus, including: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the device comprises a drying kiln, a conveying subunit and a cooling subunit, wherein the conveying subunit is arranged in the drying kiln and used for conveying oil shale; through hot-blast and the reverse contact drying of water-washed back oil shale, rely on hot-blast temperature and kinetic energy to get rid of the surface water of oil shale fast, still set up the cooling subunit and reduce and carry subunit surface temperature, effectively avoid carrying the subunit life-span under dry high temperature impaired.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an apparatus of an oil shale drying device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of the interior of a drying kiln in the oil shale drying apparatus provided in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front view of a hot blast stove in the oil shale drying apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a structural sectional view of a hot blast stove in the oil shale drying apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

wherein: 1. a drying kiln; 2. a combustion fan; 3. a hot blast stove; 31. a combustion chamber; 32. a furnace chamber; 4. a natural gas station; 5. a preheater; 6. a natural gas safety valve; 7. a pressure reducing valve; 8. a fume extractor; 9. a smoke exhaust fan; 10. a belt; 11. a driver; 12. a blowing duct; 13. an air blowing port; 14. a hot air blower; 15. a moisture removal fan; 16. a refrigeration fan; 17. and (4) discharging a wet tower.

Detailed Description

Example 1: the embodiment provides an oil shale drying equipment, includes: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the drying kiln 1 and set up in drying kiln 1 and be used for carrying the transportation subunit of oil shale to and be used for reducing the cooling subunit that transports subunit surface temperature.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot blast stove unit comprises a combustion fan 2 and a hot blast stove 3, the hot blast stove 3 is respectively communicated with a natural gas station 4 and the combustion fan 2, the combustion fan 2 delivers air to the hot blast stove 3 for combustion supporting, the natural gas station 4 delivers natural gas to the hot blast stove 3, and the hot blast stove 3 burns the natural gas to generate heat for heating the air sucked by the drying kiln unit and passing through the hot blast stove 3. More preferably, a preheater 5 is further disposed between the combustion fan 2 and the hot blast stove 3, for example, the combustion fan 2 is used to pressurize air to 5-8Kpa, the air is preheated by flue gas of the preheater 5 and then sent to the hot blast stove 3 as a combustion improver, the pressure of natural gas sent from the natural gas station 4 is controlled to be 5-8Kpa, the natural gas is sent as fuel of the hot blast stove 3, the fuel is sent to the combustion chamber 31 of the hot blast stove 3 to be mixed and combusted with the combustion improver, and heat generated by combustion heats checker bricks 32 on both sides of the combustion chamber of the hot blast stove 3. Referring to fig. 3, the hot blast stove 3 includes a furnace chamber 32 built by checker bricks and a combustion chamber 31 disposed in the furnace chamber, heat generated by combustion of natural gas and combustion improver in the combustion chamber 31 is transmitted into the furnace chamber through a wall of the combustion chamber 31, gas for drying the oil shale sucked by the drying kiln unit absorbs heat from the furnace chamber, and the combustion chamber 31 isolates the natural gas from the gas for drying the oil shale sucked by the drying kiln unit passed by the furnace chamber.

More preferably, a natural gas safety valve 6 for cutting off natural gas in an emergency and a pressure reducing valve 7 for regulating and controlling the pressure of natural gas are respectively connected to the communication part of the hot blast stove 3 and the natural gas station 4. Preferably, the combustion fan 2 and the natural gas station 4 are respectively communicated with the hot blast stove 3 through pipelines, and the natural gas safety valve 6 and the pressure reducing valve are respectively arranged on the pipeline connected between the hot blast stove 3 and the natural gas station 4. The furnace inlet pressure of the natural gas is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve 7.

More preferably, the pressure reducing valve 7 is connected to a pressure gauge (not shown) for monitoring the pressure of the natural gas delivered into said stove 3. The pressure of the natural gas entering the hot blast stove 3 can be observed conveniently and instantly. Specifically, the natural gas of 0.2-0.4 Mpa delivered by the natural gas station 4 is subjected to secondary pressure reduction by a pressure reducing valve 7, and the pressure is controlled to be 5-8Kpa, and the natural gas is used as the fuel of the hot blast stove 3 and is delivered into a combustion chamber of the hot blast stove 3 to be converged and combusted with the air delivered by the combustion fan 2.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot-blast stove 3 is further communicated with a smoke exhaust tower 8 for exhausting smoke generated by combustion of natural gas, specifically, the smoke exhaust tower 8 is communicated with the hot-blast stove 3 through a pipeline, a smoke exhaust fan 9 for guiding the smoke in the hot-blast stove 3 into the smoke exhaust tower 8 is installed on the pipeline where the smoke exhaust tower 8 is communicated with the hot-blast stove 3, the natural gas and air are combusted in the hot-blast stove 3 to generate smoke, and the smoke exhaust fan 9 extracts the smoke from the hot-blast stove 3 and conveys the smoke into the smoke exhaust tower 8 through the pipeline to be discharged from a chimney of the smoke exhaust tower 8.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying subunit runs in the direction opposite to the running direction of the gas for drying the oil shale, so that the drying efficiency is effectively improved.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying subunit includes a belt 10 for supporting the oil shale and a driver 11 for driving the belt 10 to operate so as to drive the oil shale to move, specifically, the belt 10 is horizontally disposed in the drying kiln 1, and the cooling subunit is disposed below the belt 10.

More preferably, the cooling subunit comprises a refrigerating fan 16, the refrigerating fan 16 is arranged outside the drying kiln 1, and the refrigerating fan 16 draws cold air outside the drying kiln 1 into the kiln to reduce the temperature of the belt 10. Specifically, the refrigeration fan 16 is connected with an air blowing pipeline, the air blowing pipeline 12 is arranged on the opposite surface of the bearing surface of the belt 10, and air is blown to the belt 10 through an air blowing port 13 communicated with the end part of the air blowing pipeline 12 to reduce the temperature.

In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the gas in the drying kiln is less than or equal to 180 ℃, the temperature of the belt is less than or equal to 150 ℃, and the temperature of the belt is less than the temperature of the gas in the drying kiln.

In a preferred embodiment, the drying kiln unit further comprises a hot air blower 14 and a moisture exhaust blower 15 which are arranged outside the drying kiln and communicated with the drying kiln through pipelines; the hot air blower 14 is used for sucking gas for drying the oil shale, specifically, cold air outside the drying kiln 1 is heated to about 350 ℃ through high-temperature checker bricks of the hot air blower 3 when being sucked by the 4 hot air blowers 14, and the cold air is proportioned at 300 ℃ and sent into the drying kiln 1 to reversely contact with the washed oil shale to dry the oil shale by adjusting the outlet temperature of the hot air blower 14. The moisture exhausting fan 15 is used for exhausting the moist heat gas after drying the oil shale. Specifically, the dehumidifying fan 15 extracts the damp-heat gas from the drying kiln 1, and discharges the extracted damp-heat gas into a dehumidifying tower 17 communicated with the damp-heat gas through a pipeline to be treated and discharged by the dehumidifying tower 17.

The outlet temperature of the air heater does not exceed 300 ℃.

Exemplarily, in the present embodiment:

(1) the combustion pressure of natural gas in the combustion chamber 31 of the hot blast stove 3 is 5-8 KPa;

(2) the hearth pressure of the hot blast stove 3 is +/-20 Pa;

(3) the temperature of the outlet of the air heater 14 is less than or equal to 300 ℃;

(4) the temperature in the drying kiln 1 is less than or equal to 180 ℃;

(5) the temperature of the belt 10 is less than or equal to 150 ℃.

The specific process is as follows: 1. starting a cooling water pump; the cooling water pump is arranged near the oil shale drying equipment provided by the embodiment and connected with the oil shale drying equipment to cool the oil shale drying equipment, and the cooling water pump is arranged in a concentrating plant for example.

2. Starting a smoke exhaust fan, opening an outlet valve of the smoke exhaust fan, starting the smoke exhaust fan, and then opening an inlet valve of the smoke exhaust fan;

3. starting a combustion-supporting fan, opening an outlet valve of the combustion-supporting fan, starting the combustion-supporting fan, and then opening an inlet valve of the combustion-supporting fan;

4. the interior of the hot blast stove is swept, and moisture and other gases in the hot blast stove are fully discharged, so that the interior of the hot blast stove is drier and is easy to ignite and heat;

5. introducing natural gas, carrying out secondary decompression on the natural gas with the pressure of 0.2-0.4 Mpa sent from a gas station, controlling the pressure to be 5-8Kpa, sampling and testing the oxygen content in the natural gas to be less than 0.5 percent, and using the oxygen content as the fuel of a hot blast stove;

6. the hot blast stove is ignited, specifically, the hot blast stove is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer in three stages in the vertical direction, each layer is provided with five burners which are arranged in the same distance in the horizontal direction, the lower layer burner is ignited in the first stage, the middle layer burner is ignited in the second stage, and the upper layer burner is ignited in the third stage. Igniting from bottom to top, and igniting the lower layer of burner and then the upper and lower layers of burner more easily; if the upper layer is ignited first and is not ignited, the natural gas is light, and the natural gas in the furnace is not easy to replace by the combustion-supporting air.

(1) Air supply replacement is carried out by a combustion fan, the pressure is 5Kpa, and the flow is 4000m³N/h replacement for 5 minutes; (2) adjusting the frequency of a combustion-supporting fan, and controlling the pressure to be 5-8 Kpa; (3) starting electronic ignition and starting continuous ignition; (4) opening a natural gas regulating branch valve (the opening degree is regulated to about 15 percent), and starting to ignite the burners one by one; (5) if the fire observation hole is lighted, the electronic ignition can be stopped; (6) adjusting the combustion quantity and the frequency of a combustion fan according to production requirements; (7) if the ignition is not on, the regulating branch valve of the natural gas is closed immediately. And adjusting the frequency of the combustion fan, replacing the hearth to the combustible gas alarm in the furnace and not giving an alarm. Sampling and testing the content of natural gas (methane) to be less than 0.5%, and repeating the operation of igniting the furnace again;

7. starting a moisture exhaust fan, pumping out moisture generated in the drying process, and preventing the moisture from condensing and falling on the oil shale to influence the drying effect;

8. starting a kiln bottom fan, blowing cold air into the return surface of the belt conveyor of the drying kiln to quickly reduce the temperature of the belt surface of the belt, and avoiding the deformation of the belt caused by the long-time high temperature of the belt conveyor;

9. and starting the air heater, sucking cold air into the air heater, heating the air by the checker bricks, matching a certain amount of cold air to reach the required temperature, and sending the air into the drying kiln, wherein the flow direction of the hot air is opposite to the conveying direction of the materials, so that the evaporation of the moisture on the surface of the materials is easier.

10. And adjusting the frequencies of the smoke exhaust fan, the combustion-supporting fan, the moisture exhaust fan, the kiln bottom fan and the air heater in due time according to production requirements.

The specific operation flow is as follows:

1. starting a cooling water pump, and checking whether each cooling fan of the pipeline is used;

2. the method comprises the following steps of putting a smoke exhaust fan of the hot blast stove into service, opening an outlet valve of the smoke exhaust fan, starting the smoke exhaust fan by a central control system, then opening an inlet valve (the original starting is carried out, before the inlet valve is opened, an electric regulating valve at the inlet valve is firstly opened, and after a combustion-supporting fan is started to normally supply air to the hot blast stove, the valve can be slowly closed), and adjusting the frequency of the smoke exhaust fan according to production requirements;

3. the method comprises the following steps that (1) a combustion fan of the hot blast stove is put into operation, an outlet valve of the combustion fan is opened, the combustion fan is started through central control, an inlet valve of the combustion fan is opened, and the frequency of the combustion fan is adjusted according to production requirements;

4. natural gas introduction

(1) Introducing natural gas from a natural gas station to a pressure regulating box, controlling the pressure to be 0.2-0.4 Mpa, and sampling to test the oxygen content in the natural gas to be less than 0.5%; the pressure regulating box is arranged on the outer side of the hot blast stove and is respectively communicated with the natural gas station and the hot blast stove pipeline.

(2) The pressure of the natural gas is adjusted to be 6Kpa of normal combustion pressure through a pressure reducing valve;

(3) fully opening a natural gas regulating main valve; the hot blast stove is communicated with the natural gas station through a branch pipe, and the natural gas regulating main valve is arranged on the branch pipe to regulate the amount of natural gas entering the hot blast stove from the natural gas station.

(4) Then introducing natural gas to the front of an ignition regulating valve of the hot blast stove. And slowly opening the regulating valves of the ignition nozzles, introducing the natural gas into the hearth, and completely replacing the whole natural gas pipeline. Closing the natural gas regulating valve of each ignition nozzle; the ignition regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the hot blast stove, and is specifically arranged at a position 20CM away from a branch pipe valve of the hot blast stove into the drying kiln.

4. Ignition of hot blast stove

(1) Air supply replacement is carried out by a combustion fan, the pressure is 5Kpa, and the flow is 4000m³N/h replacement for 5 minutes; (2) adjusting the frequency of a combustion-supporting fan to be 15Hz, and controlling the pressure to be 6 Kpa;

(3) starting electronic ignition and starting continuous ignition;

(4) opening a natural gas regulating branch valve (the opening degree is regulated to about 15 percent), and starting to ignite the burners one by one;

(5) if the fire observation hole is lighted, the electronic ignition can be stopped;

(6) adjusting the combustion quantity and the frequency of a combustion fan according to production requirements;

(7) if the ignition is not on, the regulating branch valve of the natural gas is closed immediately. And adjusting the frequency of the combustion fan, replacing the hearth to the combustible gas alarm in the furnace and not giving an alarm. Sampling and testing the content of natural gas (methane) to be less than 0.5%, and repeating the operation of igniting the furnace again;

5. and (4) putting the dehumidifying fan into use, opening an outlet valve of the dehumidifying fan, starting the dehumidifying fan at low frequency, and opening an inlet valve. Adjusting the frequency of a moisture exhaust fan;

6. kiln bottom fan for use

(1) 36 branch pipe valves for feeding a fan at the bottom of the on-site manual full-open kiln into the drying kiln;

(2) and (4) connecting power transmission, opening an outlet valve of a kiln bottom fan after no problem is detected, starting the kiln bottom fan by the central control low frequency, and opening an inlet valve. Adjusting the frequency of the kiln bottom fans according to production requirements (note: the operation steps of the two kiln bottom fans are the same);

7. for air heater

(1) And 60 branch pipe valves for feeding the field manual full-open air heater into the drying kiln.

(2) The outlet valve of the air heater is opened, the air heater is started at low frequency by a centralized control micro-opening outlet electric regulating valve (about 10 percent), the mixed cold air electric regulating valve of the inlet pipeline of the air heater is firstly opened, and then the inlet valve is opened. Slowly increasing frequency, gradually opening the large outlet regulating valve, and simultaneously regulating the electric mixing cold air regulating valve according to the outlet temperature. And adjusting the frequency of the air heater according to production requirements. (Note: the same procedure for using four air heaters)

The embodiment provides an oil shale drying equipment, includes: the drying kiln unit and the hot blast stove unit are communicated with the drying kiln unit to heat gas sucked by the drying kiln unit and used for drying the oil shale; the drying kiln unit includes: the drying kiln, a conveying subunit and a cooling subunit are arranged in the drying kiln, the conveying subunit is used for conveying oil shale, the cooling subunit is used for reducing the surface temperature of the conveying subunit, and the running direction of the conveying subunit is opposite to the running direction of gas for drying the oil shale; through hot-blast and the reverse contact drying of water-washed back oil shale, rely on hot-blast temperature and kinetic energy to get rid of the surface water of oil shale fast, still set up the cooling subunit and reduce and carry subunit surface temperature, effectively avoid carrying the subunit life-span under dry high temperature impaired.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All modifications made according to the spirit of the main technical scheme of the invention are covered in the protection scope of the invention.