阅读说明：本技术 一种以桑叶为栽培料的平菇栽培方法 (Oyster mushroom cultivation method using mulberry leaves as cultivation material ) 是由 马秀玲 杜峰 于 2020-02-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种以桑叶为栽培料的平菇栽培方法,包括如下步骤：1)制备培养基：以重量份计,取方解石粉5-10份、棉籽壳30-50份、油橄榄果5-10份、麦麸3.3-4份、桑叶65-80份、泥炭藓0.5-1份、草木灰0.5-0.7份、饭麦石0.1-0.3份、海藻糖1-3份、秸秆发酵剂0.5-1份、延胡索2-5份、碳酸氢钠0.1-0.3份；2)建立菌床；3)接种；4)后期管理。本发明以棉籽壳和桑叶为主要原料,加入油橄榄果、泥炭藓、延胡索、海藻糖和饭麦石等成分,不仅能满足平菇生长发育过程中的营养需求,更能有效平衡平菇代谢产生的多种有机酸,起到稳定培养料pH值的作用,使平菇始终处于适宜的pH值范围内,加快平菇生长发育,提高产量以及硒含量。(The invention discloses an oyster mushroom cultivation method taking mulberry leaves as a cultivation material, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture medium: taking 5-10 parts of calcite powder, 30-50 parts of cottonseed hulls, 5-10 parts of olive fruits, 3.3-4 parts of wheat bran, 65-80 parts of mulberry leaves, 0.5-1 part of sphagnum, 0.5-0.7 part of plant ash, 0.1-0.3 part of medical stone, 1-3 parts of trehalose, 0.5-1 part of straw leavening agent, 2-5 parts of corydalis tuber and 0.1-0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate by weight; 2) establishing a fungus bed; 3) inoculating; 4) and (5) performing post-management. The invention takes the cottonseed hulls and the mulberry leaves as main raw materials, and the components such as olive fruits, sphagnum, corydalis tuber, trehalose and medical maltite are added, thus not only meeting the nutritional requirements of the oyster mushroom in the growth and development process, but also effectively balancing various organic acids generated by metabolism of the oyster mushroom, playing a role in stabilizing the pH value of the culture material, ensuring the oyster mushroom to be always in a proper pH value range, accelerating the growth and development of the oyster mushroom, and improving the yield and the selenium content.)

1. A method for cultivating oyster mushroom by taking mulberry leaves as a cultivation material comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture medium, 2)3) establishing a bacterial bed, 3) inoculating, and 4) later-stage management, and is characterized in that: the method for preparing the culture medium in the step 1) comprises the following steps:

① comprises (by weight parts) calcite powder 5-10, cottonseed hull 30-50, olive fruit 5-10, wheat bran 3.3-4, mulberry leaf 65-80, sphagnum peat 0.5-1, plant ash 0.5-0.7, Maifanitum 0.1-0.3, trehalose 1-3, straw leaven 0.5-1, corydalis tuber 2-5, and sodium bicarbonate 0.1-0.3;

② dissolving trehalose in 50-60 deg.C hot water to obtain trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 0.3-0.8%, and storing at constant temperature;

③ oven drying folium Mori until water content is 15-20%, and pulverizing to 0.05-0.1 cm;

④ pulverizing cottonseed hull to 0.3-0.5cm, and pulverizing rhizoma corydalis to 70-120 mesh;

⑤ adding pulverized folium Mori into trehalose solution, stirring rapidly for 20-30 min, standing for 0.5-1 hr, filtering to obtain folium Mori, and spreading to air for 5-10 min to obtain filtrate;

⑥ adding pulverized cottonseed hull into the filtrate obtained in step ⑤, stirring for 1-2 min, standing for 4-6 hr, filtering to obtain cottonseed hull, and spreading for 5-10 min to obtain filtrate;

⑦ adding pulverized rhizoma corydalis into the filtrate ⑥, and concentrating to obtain dry powder;

⑧ adding 0.1-0.2 wt% of sterile water into calcite powder, wheat bran, straw leaven, dried powders of folium Mori, cottonseed hull and rhizoma corydalis, fermenting at room temperature for 5-7 days, turning over, adding 5-8 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, fermenting for 12-15 days, turning over again, adding 5-10 parts of nutrient solution, fermenting for 3-5 days, adding Amur wheat stone and plant ash, adjusting pH of the fermented product to 6.8-7.5, and steam sterilizing for 8-10h to obtain culture medium base material;

⑨ spreading the culture medium base material in shade for 20-30 min to make its water content within 10-15%, adding crushed olive fruit and sphagnum moss, and mixing to obtain Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium.

2. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom using mulberry leaves as cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the fermented nutrient solution comprises, by per liter of water, 15-18g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-12g of magnesium sulfate, 75-120g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 8-12g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 25-30g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 8-12g of sodium selenite, 50-100ml of sterile biogas slurry and 20-30ml of overnight tea soup.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by taking mulberry leaves as cultivation materials.

Background

The oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom with combination of four different polarities. The health food has delicious taste and rich nutrition, contains high content of protein, fat, amino acid, carbohydrate and other components, mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium and the like, vitamin B group, physiological active substances such as the pleurotu ostreatus, mushroom ribonic acid and the like, has the function of prolonging life for human bodies after being frequently eaten, and is superior to animal and plant foods. Meanwhile, the oyster mushroom is considered by traditional Chinese medicine to be warm in nature and sweet in taste; has the effects of expelling wind and cold, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, can be used for treating lumbago and skelalgia, numbness of hands and feet, tendon and collateral obstruction, and is common gray mushroom used as both medicine and food.

According to the requirements of oyster mushroom on nutrition and growth environment, various crop straws and hulls can be used for cultivation, wherein cottonseed hulls are the preferred raw materials due to high cultivation yield. However, because the supply of cottonseed hulls is increasingly tense and the price is increased, other culture materials such as corncobs, bran, wheat straws, straws and the like are valued by mushroom farmers, and the following 9 oyster mushroom culture materials are gradually developed: 1) 96% of cottonseed hull, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of plant ash, 1% of gypsum powder and 0.3-0.5% of urea; 2) 94% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 0.1% of 50% carbendazim; 3) 90% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of bran, 1% of bean cake powder, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of lime and 0.2% of urea; 4) 93% of corncobs, 4% of cottonseed cake powder, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of lime; 5) 87% of corncobs or peanut shells, 10% of bran, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of lime and 0.3-0.5% of urea; 6) 94.8% of corncob, 2% of calcium superphosphate, 2% of gypsum powder, 1% of urea, 0.2% of 50% carbendazim and a proper amount of water; 7) 92% of wheat straw or rice straw, 5% of cottonseed cake powder, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of lime and 0.3-0.5% of urea; 8) 92% of straw, 5% of cottonseed cake powder, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of plant ash and 0.3-0.5% of urea; 9) 88 percent of vinasse, 10 percent of wheat straws or rice straws, 1 percent of gypsum powder, 1 percent of lime and 0.1 percent of carbendazim, and all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and the water is added to 60 percent.

Patent CN 105638241A discloses a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-yield oyster mushroom, which comprises the following steps: 1) taking 30-60 parts of mulberry leaves, 45-60 parts of mature cereal straws, 50-70 parts of dry cow dung and 0.5-1 part of straw leavening agent by weight, crushing the raw materials, uniformly mixing, adding 30-50 parts of water for wetting, fermenting for one week under a normal-temperature closed condition, turning, adding 15-20 parts of water, continuing to ferment for two weeks, turning again, finally adding 10-15 parts of nutrient solution for continuing to ferment for 3-5 days, adding lime after the fermentation is finished, adjusting the pH value of the fermented product to 7.5-8, sterilizing by steam for 8-10 hours, and airing to obtain the oyster mushroom culture medium; 2) spreading oyster mushroom culture medium in 8-12cm thickness to form bed, spreading strain on the bed surface, covering with oyster mushroom culture medium in 1-2cm thickness, sprinkling water to moisten the surface, and lightly pressing to make the culture medium contact with strain; the ambient temperature is controlled at 20-26 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 70-80%; 3) after the strains are sowed, hyphae begin to grow, most of the hyphae extend to the bottom of a mushroom bed within 10-15 days, and then a flat mushroom culture medium with the thickness of 3-5cm is covered; and managing to mature picking in a common mode. The selenium-rich mulberry leaves are added into the oyster mushroom cultivation material disclosed in the report, so that the oyster mushroom obtained by cultivation is rich in selenium content and high in yield. However, as the oyster mushroom grows and develops and metabolizes, the acid value of the cultivation material gradually increases, and the cultivation material does not contain components for regulating the acid-base value, so that the later growth of the oyster mushroom is influenced. In order to stably grow the strain at an optimum pH, a buffer such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is usually added to the culture medium, or gypsum or lime water is added to the culture medium to adjust the pH. However, gypsum or lime has strong alkalinity and serious heat generation when meeting water, which is not beneficial to controlling the pH value and the temperature and even has adverse effect on the growth of the oyster mushroom.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the method for cultivating the oyster mushrooms by using the mulberry leaves as the cultivation material is characterized in that cottonseed hulls and the mulberry leaves are used as main raw materials, and olive fruits, sphagnum, corydalis tuber, trehalose, medical maltite and other ingredients are added, so that the problem of pH value reduction of the cultivation material in the process of growth and development of the oyster mushrooms is effectively solved, the water retention and the moisture retention of the cultivation material are enhanced, the content of various nutrient substances is improved, the growth and the development of the oyster mushrooms are accelerated, the yield is improved, and the selenium content of the cultivated oyster mushrooms is obviously increased.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating oyster mushroom by taking mulberry leaves as a cultivation material comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a culture medium:

① comprises (by weight parts) calcite powder 5-10, cottonseed hull 30-50, olive fruit 5-10, wheat bran 3.3-4, mulberry leaf 65-80, sphagnum peat 0.5-1, plant ash 0.5-0.7, Maifanitum 0.1-0.3, trehalose 1-3, straw leaven 0.5-1, corydalis tuber 2-5, and sodium bicarbonate 0.1-0.3;

② dissolving trehalose in 50-60 deg.C hot water to obtain trehalose solution with a mass fraction of 0.3-0.8%, and storing at constant temperature;

③ oven drying folium Mori until water content is 15-20%, and pulverizing to 0.05-0.1 cm;

④ pulverizing cottonseed hull to 0.3-0.5cm, and pulverizing rhizoma corydalis to 70-120 mesh;

⑤ adding pulverized folium Mori into trehalose solution, stirring rapidly for 20-30 min, standing for 0.5-1 hr, filtering to obtain folium Mori, and spreading to air for 5-10 min to obtain filtrate;

⑥ adding pulverized cottonseed hull into the filtrate obtained in step ⑤, stirring for 1-2 min, standing for 4-6 hr, filtering to obtain cottonseed hull, and spreading for 5-10 min to obtain filtrate;

⑦ adding pulverized rhizoma corydalis into the filtrate ⑥, and concentrating to obtain dry powder;

⑧ adding 0.1-0.2 wt% of sterile water into calcite powder, wheat bran, straw leaven, dried powders of folium Mori, cottonseed hull and rhizoma corydalis, fermenting at room temperature for 5-7 days, turning over, adding 5-8 parts of sodium bicarbonate solution, fermenting for 12-15 days, turning over again, adding 5-10 parts of nutrient solution, fermenting for 3-5 days, adding Amur wheat stone and plant ash, adjusting pH of the fermented product to 6.8-7.5, and steam sterilizing for 8-10h to obtain culture medium base material;

⑨ spreading the culture medium base material in shade for 20-30 min to make its water content within 10-15%, adding crushed olive peat moss, and mixing to obtain Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium;

2) establishing a bacterial bed: deeply ploughing a cultivation land in an artificial temperature control shed, irrigating and sterilizing with lime water, fully drying the land for 3-5 days, paving wheat straws or rice straws with the thickness of 2-5cm on the ground surface, compacting, and finally paving the culture medium into a bed according to the thickness of 8-12 cm;

3) inoculation: uniformly spreading strains on the surface of the bed, covering a layer of the culture medium on the surface of the bed with a thickness of 1-2cm, spraying water to moisten the surface, lightly pressing to make the culture medium fully contact with the strains, controlling the environmental temperature at 20-26 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity of air at 70-80%;

4) and (4) post management: after the strains are sowed, hyphae begin to grow, most of the hyphae extend to the bottom of a mushroom bed within 10-15 days, and then the culture medium with the thickness of 3-5cm is covered; and performing conventional management according to the prior art.

Further, in the steps 1) - ⑧, the fermented nutrient solution contains 15-18g of monopotassium phosphate, 6-12g of magnesium sulfate, 75-120g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 8-12g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 25-30g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 8-12g of sodium selenite, 50-100ml of sterile biogas slurry and 20-30ml of overnight tea soup in terms of per liter of water.

Further, in the steps 1) - ①, the mulberry leaves are fresh selenium-rich mulberry leaves, and the fresh weight of the total selenium content is more than 4 mg/kg.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the invention takes the cottonseed hulls and the mulberry leaves as main raw materials, and the olive fruits, the sphagnum, the corydalis tuber, the trehalose, the medical maltite and other components are added, thereby not only meeting the nutritional requirements of the oyster mushroom in the growth and development process, but also effectively balancing various organic acids generated by metabolism of the oyster mushroom, playing a role in stabilizing the pH value of the culture material, ensuring that the oyster mushroom is always in a proper pH value range, accelerating the growth and development of the oyster mushroom, and improving the yield and the selenium content;

2) the olive fruits are added into the culture medium, so that the olive fruits are rich in various mineral elements required by growth and development of the oyster mushroom, rich in vitamin C group, capable of effectively locking water and keeping the humidity of the culture medium, and in addition, the olive oil also contains monounsaturated fatty acid, so that the olive fruit oil has a sterilization effect, can effectively prevent the bacterial infection of the culture medium, and reduces the occurrence of diseases in the growth and development process of the oyster mushroom;

3) the corydalis tuber is added into the culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains more than 10 kinds of alkaloids, so that various organic acids generated by oyster mushroom metabolism can be effectively regulated, the pH value of the culture medium is maintained in a proper range, the alkaloid and the organic acids metabolized by the oyster mushroom have mild reaction and small heat productivity, the temperature can be controlled in a reasonable variation range, and the temperature requirement of the oyster mushroom in the growth and development process is ensured;

4) the trehalose is added into the culture medium, so that not only can carbon source substances be provided for the fermentation of the culture medium, but also the water retention property and the acid resistance of the culture medium can be improved; the addition of the medical stone is not only beneficial to adjusting the pH value of the culture medium, but also has the sterilization and disinfection effects;

5) the sphagnum is added into the culture medium, so that the culture medium has strong water absorption capacity, is beneficial to regulating and controlling the humidity of the culture medium, has the effects of sterilizing and providing various mineral elements, and meets the nutritional requirements in the growth process of the oyster mushrooms;

6) the oyster mushroom cultivated by the culture medium prepared by the method can obviously accelerate the growth of the oyster mushroom and improve the yield, and the oyster mushroom obtained by cultivation has rich selenium content.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, but not to limit the scope of the claims.