阅读说明：本技术 一种夏季香菇的栽培方法 (Cultivation method of mushroom in summer ) 是由 马秀玲 杜程程 于 2020-02-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种夏季香菇的栽培方法,包括如下工艺步骤：配制培养料-培养料灭菌-培养料湿度调节-开凿人工溪流并建立香菇栽培床-香菇栽培床处理-大豆移栽-大豆藤蔓管理-香菇菌棒移栽及管理-适时采收。采用本发明方法栽培香菇,不仅能明显提高香菇产量,还能提高香菇的野生品质,其口感与野生香菇十分接近；同时,该方法能够加快香菇的生长,相比传统栽培方法,其采收时间提早一周左右。(The invention discloses a cultivation method of mushroom in summer, which comprises the following process steps: preparing a culture material, sterilizing the culture material, adjusting the humidity of the culture material, digging an artificial stream and establishing a mushroom cultivation bed, processing the mushroom cultivation bed, transplanting soybean, managing soybean vines, transplanting and managing mushroom sticks, and harvesting timely. The method for cultivating the mushrooms can obviously improve the yield of the mushrooms and the wild quality of the mushrooms, and the taste of the mushrooms is very close to that of the wild mushrooms; meanwhile, the method can accelerate the growth of the mushrooms, and compared with the traditional cultivation method, the harvesting time is about one week earlier.)

1. A cultivation method of mushroom in summer is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps:

1) preparing culture material

① taking 40-60 parts of potato dregs, 80-100 parts of sawdust, 4.5-5.6 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of rice bran, 30-50 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of beet pulp, 1-3 parts of diatomite and 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium nitrate by weight, mixing the raw materials uniformly, and adjusting the water to 15-20% to obtain the culture material;

② placing the culture material in a normal pressure sterilization oven, sterilizing for 18-20 hours at 100-120 deg.C;

③ when the temperature of the culture material to be sterilized is reduced to 30-35 ℃, adopting carbonic acid solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% to adjust the water content to 55-65%;

2) mushroom farm setting

① selecting river with excellent environmental conditions, digging artificial stream isolated from main river channel, building Lentinus Edodes cultivation bed in the artificial stream, and controlling water amount and flow rate of the introduced artificial stream;

② filling the prepared culture material into the mushroom cultivation bed to form the same and independent cultivation zones, and reserving empty zones between the cultivation zones, wherein the thickness of the culture material in the cultivation zones is 10-15cm, and the width of the empty zones is 8-10 cm;

③ mixing the compost with sterilized soil, and filling into the hollow belt to form arch shape with thickness of 20-25 cm;

3) transplanting

① 4 in the middle and last ten days of the month, transplanting robust soybean seedlings into the empty belt, wherein the planting distance is 30-35cm, and when the seedlings are 18-20cm high, erecting and arranging leaves to enable the soybean vines to extend along a support, wherein the support is erected on two sides of the culture belt to form an arch shape of the closed culture belt;

② transplanting the cultured mushroom stick into the culture belt when soybean seedlings grow to more than 25cm, spraying carbonic acid solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% onto the culture belt at noon every day, and spraying sterile water onto the shiitake cultivation bed in the morning and evening to maintain humidity of 55-60% and humidity of 10-12% in the empty belt;

4) harvesting at the right time

Harvesting when the mushroom cover is unfolded by 70-80% or the edge of the mushroom cover is slightly curled inwards and the mushroom film is just broken; after harvesting, filling 3-5cm thick compost in the culture zone, and covering with wheat straw to ensure overwintering, and managing in due time in the next year.

2. The method for cultivating summer mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in steps 2) - ①, the artificial stream has a length of 40-50m and a width of 8-10m, and the water flow rate is controlled to be 0.2-0.5 m/s.

3. The method for cultivating summer mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the width of the cultivation belt is 2-2.5m in the steps 2) - ②.

4. The cultivation method of mushroom in summer according to claim 1, wherein in the steps 2) - ③, the mixing weight ratio of the compost and the sterilized field soil is 1: 20-25.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of mushrooms in summer.

Background

The mushroom is the second most edible fungus in the world, has the nutritional characteristics of high protein, low fat, polysaccharide, various amino acids and various vitamins, and is called as mountain delicacies in folk life. At present, the shiitake mushrooms are indispensable food in daily life of people, and at present, the consumption of the shiitake mushrooms is increasing day by day, wild shiitake mushrooms cannot meet the daily life requirements of people, so that most of the shiitake mushrooms eaten by people at present are obtained by artificial planting.

The mushroom is suitable for germination and growth in a humid environment, is a mushroom with low temperature and variable temperature solidity, has the optimal spawn running temperature of 22-26 ℃, but the temperature in the mushroom greenhouse is far higher than 26 ℃ in summer, and if the temperature reduction work in the greenhouse is not performed, the mushroom is likely to cause bacteria burning or mixed bacteria infection due to the overhigh temperature in the greenhouse, thereby not only influencing the yield of the mushroom, but also influencing the quality of the mushroom. In order to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, people often adopt a ditch irrigation mode, namely, after mushroom sticks are buried in a field, the ditches inside and outside the greenhouse are kept irrigated, the water flow in the ditches of the greenhouse must be ensured constantly, however, the requirement of cooling and moisturizing the greenhouse at high temperature in summer still cannot be met, a water pipe is required to be manually used for spraying a mushroom cultivation area in the greenhouse, a large amount of manpower and water and electricity resources are consumed, the problems of uneven irrigation and poor cooling and moisturizing effects exist, and the mushroom fruiting quality is influenced.

In order to solve the above problems, patent CN 103918483a discloses a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms at high temperature in summer, comprising the following steps: 1) preparing a culture material: taking 16-20% of bran, 78-82% of sawdust and 1-2% of gypsum according to weight percentage, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture material; 2) bagging culture materials: filling the prepared culture material into an edible fungus bag; 3) sterilizing culture materials: placing the edible fungus bags in a normal-pressure sterilization oven, and maintaining sterilization for 20-24 hours at the temperature of 95-100 ℃; 4) cooling the culture material: after sterilization, when the temperature is reduced to 60-70 ℃, taking out the edible fungus bag and moving the edible fungus bag into an inoculation chamber for cooling; 5) inoculating and bagging: punching a part coated with disinfectant on the outer surface of the edible fungus bag, inoculating a strain into a hole to obtain a fungus stick, coating a plastic bag on the outer cover of the fungus stick to obtain an inoculation cultivation bag, and sending the inoculation cultivation bag into a cultivation storehouse; 6) spawn running management: stacking the inoculated cultivation bags in a cultivation storehouse, taking down the plastic bag after the diameter of hyphae at a spawn running point reaches 5cm, packaging the fungus sticks according to a Chinese character 'jing', and controlling the relative humidity of air in the cultivation storehouse to be below 60% and the room temperature to be 24 +/-2 ℃ during spawn running; pricking holes on the surface of the fungus stick to change color after the fungus stick is full of hypha; 7) and (3) fruiting management: after most of the fungus sticks are red, moving the fungus sticks to a greenhouse for bag breaking and buried cultivation, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime, 20-23 ℃ at night, 80-90% of the relative humidity of air and 50-55% of the water content in the fungus sticks by a micro-spraying device, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor which are arranged in the greenhouse during the period; 8) and (6) harvesting at proper time. The cultivation method has the advantages of good cooling and moisturizing effects, high fruiting quality and capability of saving a large amount of manpower and water and electricity resources. But the production cost is high due to the fact that the temperature and the humidity are controlled through the micro-spraying device, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor. Meanwhile, the manual intervention is large, so that the wild growth of the mushrooms is not facilitated, and the product quality is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the cultivation method of the mushrooms in summer is provided, the mushrooms are cultivated in the bionic environment, the temperature and the humidity of a mushroom field can be effectively controlled, water resources in the natural environment are fully utilized, and the sprinkling irrigation cost is saved; meanwhile, a means of interplanting the shiitake mushrooms and the soybeans is adopted, and sugar, amino acid and organic acid secreted by soybean roots are used for providing necessary carbon source nutrition for the growth of the shiitake mushrooms, so that the manual additional manuring is reduced, and the wild quality of the shiitake mushrooms is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of mushroom in summer is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps:

1) preparing culture material

① taking 40-60 parts of potato dregs, 80-100 parts of sawdust, 4.5-5.6 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of rice bran, 30-50 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of beet pulp, 1-3 parts of diatomite and 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium nitrate by weight, mixing the raw materials uniformly, and adjusting the water to 15-20% to obtain the culture material;

② placing the culture material in a normal pressure sterilization oven, sterilizing for 18-20 hours at 100-120 deg.C;

③ when the temperature of the culture material to be sterilized is reduced to 30-35 ℃, adopting carbonic acid solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% to adjust the water content to 55-65%;

2) mushroom farm setting

① selecting river with excellent environmental conditions, digging artificial stream isolated from main river channel, building Lentinus Edodes cultivation bed in the artificial stream, and controlling water amount and flow rate of the introduced artificial stream;

② filling the prepared culture material into the mushroom cultivation bed to form the same and independent cultivation zones, and reserving empty zones between the cultivation zones, wherein the thickness of the culture material in the cultivation zones is 10-15cm, and the width of the empty zones is 8-10 cm;

③ mixing the compost with sterilized soil, and filling into the hollow belt to form arch shape with thickness of 20-25 cm;

3) transplanting

① 4 in the middle and last ten days of the month, transplanting robust soybean seedlings into the empty belt, wherein the planting distance is 30-35cm, and when the seedlings are 18-20cm high, erecting and arranging leaves to enable the soybean vines to extend along a support, wherein the support is erected on two sides of the culture belt to form an arch shape of the closed culture belt;

② transplanting the cultured mushroom stick into the culture belt when soybean seedlings grow to more than 25cm, spraying carbonic acid solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% onto the culture belt at noon every day, and spraying sterile water onto the shiitake cultivation bed in the morning and evening to maintain humidity of 55-60% and humidity of 10-12% in the empty belt;

4) harvesting at the right time

Harvesting when the mushroom cover is unfolded by 70-80% or the edge of the mushroom cover is slightly curled inwards and the mushroom film is just broken; after harvesting, filling 3-5cm thick compost in the culture zone, and covering with wheat straw to ensure overwintering, and managing in due time in the next year.

Further, in the steps 2) - ①, the artificial stream is 40-50m long and 8-10m wide, and the water flow speed is controlled to be 0.2-0.5 m/s.

Further, in the steps 2) to ②, the width of the culture belt is 2 to 2.5 m.

Further, in the steps 2) - ③, the mixing ratio of the culture materials to the sterilized field soil is 1: 20-25.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the mushroom is cultivated by adopting the wild-imitating technology, the moisture and temperature requirements of the germination and growth of the mushrooms are met by cooling and moisturizing through flowing water, and when the growth of the mushrooms is seriously influenced by the temperature in summer, the mushroom can be irrigated by sprinkling by utilizing natural environment water resources, so that the facility cost is reduced;

2) aiming at the problem of rapid water evaporation in summer, the diatomite is added into the compost, so that the water in the air can be automatically absorbed, and the effects of soil moisture preservation and moisture preservation are achieved; meanwhile, nutrient elements are provided for the growth of the mushrooms, and the growth of the effect is promoted;

3) according to the invention, soybeans and mushrooms are interplanted, and the soybean vines can provide shading for the growth of the mushrooms, so that the effect of controlling the temperature is achieved; meanwhile, sugar, amino acid and organic acid secreted by the soybean roots can promote the growth of the shiitake mushrooms; in addition, the nitrogen fixation effect of the soybean root system can also provide a sufficient nitrogen source for the mushrooms, reduce the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and prevent the culture efficiency from being reduced due to hardening of the culture materials;

4) in the growth period of the mushrooms, the carbon acid solution is adopted to spray the compost, so that the pH value of the compost can be adjusted, and the compost is suitable for the growth of the mushrooms; also taking advantage of the instability of the carbonic acid solution in CO₂When the gas escapes, a large amount of heat is taken away, so that the temperature is adjusted;

5) the method for cultivating the mushrooms can obviously improve the yield of the mushrooms and the wild quality of the mushrooms, and the taste of the mushrooms is very close to that of the wild mushrooms; meanwhile, the method can accelerate the growth of the mushrooms, and compared with the traditional cultivation method, the harvesting time is about one week earlier.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further explained and illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, so as to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, and do not limit the scope of the claims.