阅读说明：本技术 一种提高麦角甾醇含量的香菇种植方法 (Mushroom planting method for improving ergosterol content ) 是由 马秀玲 张水科 于 2020-02-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种提高麦角甾醇含量的香菇种植方法,属于食用菌种植技术领域。本发明通过配料、活化、装袋、灭菌、贮藏、接种、发菌、催菇长菇、采摘等九个步骤来实现香菇的种植。本发明中将活化步骤或者贮藏步骤对调都会使得麦角甾醇含量和菌棒成活率都降低,麦角甾醇含量分别降低15.89mg/g和18.18mg/g,菌棒成活率分别降低15.84％和18.23％。本发明种植香菇的亩产量为24456～24522kg/亩,麦角甾醇含量达到301.47～309.12mg/g,菌棒成活率为97.63％～99.03％,增产21.59％～21.92％,经济效益显著。(The invention discloses a shiitake mushroom planting method for improving the ergosterol content, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom planting. The method realizes the planting of the mushrooms through nine steps of material preparation, activation, bagging, sterilization, storage, inoculation, spawn running, mushroom growth promotion, picking and the like. In the invention, the ergosterol content and the survival rate of the bacteria sticks are reduced by exchanging the activation step or the storage step, the ergosterol content is respectively reduced by 15.89mg/g and 18.18mg/g, and the survival rate of the bacteria sticks is respectively reduced by 15.84 percent and 18.23 percent. The yield per mu of the mushroom planted by the method is 24456-24522 kg/mu, the ergosterol content reaches 301.47-309.12 mg/g, the survival rate of the mushroom sticks is 97.63-99.03%, the yield is increased by 21.59-21.92%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.)

1. A shiitake planting method for improving ergosterol content comprises nine steps of material preparation, activation, bagging, sterilization, storage, inoculation, spawn running, mushroom acceleration and mushroom growing, and picking, and is characterized in that:

the burdening step: 80-86 parts of machine-made charcoal, 32-39 parts of pea powder, 17-22 parts of coarse corn powder, 7.5-11.5 parts of broom cypress fruit powder and 3.2-6.2 parts of hard wood chips are uniformly stirred according to the weight part ratio, and then a proper amount of water is added to ensure that the water content of the formula is 40-44%;

the activation step comprises: adding water into the raw materials of the formula to form spheroids with the radius of 40-50 mm and the same surface area, and performing activation treatment at 74-80 ℃; the activation treatment is to dry distill the spheroids in a dry distillation furnace, wherein the dry distillation temperature is 400-440 ℃, the retention time is 35min, and inorganic components in the semicoke are fully activated and then discharged to obtain activated semicoke; adding 3-6 times of water into the machine-made charcoal, the pea powder and the belvedere fruit powder in the ingredients to prepare a suspension, then adding the suspension into a container filled with activated semicoke to completely dissolve spheroids, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, washing with distilled water, carrying out suction filtration, and treating for 20min under the centrifugal force of 3500-3600 g;

the storage step comprises: injecting 35-40 ℃ of simulated wastewater without matrix into the bagged and sterilized culture material, placing the simulated wastewater into an oscillator, oscillating for 3-6 min, discharging the wastewater, placing the wastewater into a freezer, placing the wastewater for 40-50 min at 0-3.5 ℃, then storing the wastewater at-20 ℃ to-12 ℃, and placing the wastewater for 50-56 min at 4-10 ℃ 1-2 h before inoculation;

the spawn running step comprises: transferring the bacterium sticks inoculated with the strains to an inner wall of a greenhouse for stacking, wherein each wall is 5-7 layers high, the length of the bacterium stick wall is 2-3 m, a gap of 20-30 cm is reserved between the bacterium stick walls, and a layer of reflective film is laid on the top of the stacked bacterium stick walls; continuing to spawn at 30-32 ℃ 17-22 days after spawn running, culturing for 15-25 days until mycelia grow over the cultivation bags, and controlling the day-night temperature difference to be 3-5 ℃ when the mycelia grow; and (3) entering a color conversion period after the hyphae are full, removing the bag and converting the color, wherein the color conversion temperature is 20-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 850lux, and the color conversion time is 25-30 days.

2. The method for planting mushrooms for increasing the ergosterol content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ingredients in the formulation in the blending step are 83 parts by weight of machine-made charcoal, 35 parts by weight of pea meal, 19 parts by weight of cornmeal, 9.5 parts by weight of broom cypress fruit meal and 4.7 parts by weight of hard wood chips.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus planting, and particularly relates to a shiitake mushroom planting method for improving the ergosterol content.

Background

Lentinus edodes, also known as shiitake mushroom, shiitake mushroom, is a fruit body of Lentinus edodes of the family Pleurotaceae. The mushroom is the second most edible mushroom in the world and is one of the special products in China, and is called mountain delicacies among people. It is a fungus growing on wood, and has delicious taste, pleasant fragrance and rich nutrition. The shiitake mushroom is rich in vitamin B group, ferrum, potassium and vitamin D, has sweet taste and mild property, and is mainly used for treating anorexia and hypodynamia. The lentinan is called as the king of mountain delicacies, is a high-protein and low-fat nutritional health food, has high ergosterol content in the lentinus edodes, and is effective in preventing and treating rickets.

With the pace of life of modern people increasing, people can suffer from various diseases, and the high cost often hinders people. The ergosterol in the lentinus edodes has a certain effect of preventing and treating rickets, and can also serve as vitamin D2. If we can supplement energy needed by human body through food source, on one hand, the food can play a role of preventing acupuncture for certain diseases, and on the other hand, the food can strengthen the physique of human body.

Through the literature search of the prior art, Chinese patent publication No. CN106358757A, published by 2017, No. 02 and No. 01, discloses a method for planting shiitake mushrooms, which comprises the steps of 1) preparing a culture medium; 2) activating mushroom strains; 3) inoculating the mushroom strains into the culture medium, and carrying out primary culture operation to realize the planting of the mushrooms. The method can shorten the growth period of the lentinus edodes and improve the fruiting regularity, but does not mention the change of the content of ergosterol in the lentinus edodes in the planting process, and the improvement degree of the yield of the lentinus edodes is not obvious enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shiitake mushroom planting method for improving the ergosterol content, which improves the yield of shiitake mushrooms and increases the ergosterol content to the same extent.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

A shiitake mushroom planting method for improving ergosterol content comprises the following steps:

1) preparing materials: 80-86 parts of machine-made charcoal, 32-39 parts of pea powder, 17-22 parts of coarse corn powder, 7.5-11.5 parts of broom cypress fruit powder and 3.2-6.2 parts of hard wood chips are uniformly stirred according to the weight part ratio, and then a proper amount of water is added to ensure that the water content of the formula is 40-44%;

2) and (3) activation: adding water into the raw materials of the formula to form spheroids with the radius of 40-50 mm and the same surface area, and performing activation treatment at 74-80 ℃; the activation treatment is to dry distill the spheroids in a dry distillation furnace, wherein the dry distillation temperature is 400-440 ℃, the retention time is 35min, and inorganic components in the semicoke are fully activated and then discharged to obtain activated semicoke; adding 3-6 times of water into the machine-made charcoal, the pea powder and the belvedere fruit powder in the ingredients to prepare a suspension, then adding the suspension into a container filled with activated semicoke to completely dissolve spheroids, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, washing with distilled water, carrying out suction filtration, and treating for 20min under the centrifugal force of 3500-3600 g;

3) bagging, namely uniformly mixing the culture material and the yeast powder obtained in the step 1) after anaerobic fermentation with the culture material subjected to activation treatment in the step 2), and filling the mixture into a polypropylene plastic bag in 9 hours, wherein the size of the polypropylene plastic bag is 18cm × 62cm × 0.055.055 cm;

4) and (3) sterilization: moving the fungus bags into a sterilization pot, quickly heating to raise the temperature to 85-95 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-15 hours;

5) and (3) storage: injecting 35-40 ℃ of simulated wastewater without matrix into the bagged and sterilized culture material, placing the simulated wastewater into an oscillator, oscillating for 3-6 min, discharging the wastewater, placing the wastewater into a freezer, placing the wastewater for 40-50 min at 0-3.5 ℃, then storing the wastewater at-20 ℃ to-12 ℃, and placing the wastewater for 50-56 min at 4-10 ℃ 1-2 h before inoculation;

6) inoculation: transferring the sterilized and stored shiitake mushroom bags into an inoculation tank for inoculation, adding shiitake mushroom liquid strains into the sterilized and stored shiitake mushroom bags in the inoculation tank, and fully stirring until the strains and the substrates in the shiitake mushroom bags are uniformly mixed; pumping the uniformly mixed feed liquid into a storage tank, introducing sterile air, and standing for 1-48 hours;

7) spawn running: transferring the bacterium sticks inoculated with the strains to an inner wall of a greenhouse for stacking, wherein each wall is 5-7 layers high, the length of the bacterium stick wall is 2-3 m, a gap of 20-30 cm is reserved between the bacterium stick walls, and a layer of reflective film is laid on the top of the stacked bacterium stick walls; continuing to spawn at 30-32 ℃ 17-22 days after spawn running, culturing for 15-25 days until mycelia grow over the cultivation bags, and controlling the day-night temperature difference to be 3-5 ℃ when the mycelia grow; after the hyphae are full, entering a color conversion period, removing bags and converting colors, wherein the color conversion temperature is 20-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is increased to 850lux, and the color conversion time is 25-30 days;

8) accelerating mushroom growth: after the hypha grows full, moving to a greenhouse for growing mushrooms, and controlling the relative humidity of air to be 70-78% and the pH to be 6.5-7.1; after 10-12 days of mushroom hastening, spraying water to the mushroom bags to promote the differentiation of mushroom caps and keep the air humidity at 70% -78%;

9) picking: picking the mushroom when the mushroom pileus is unfolded and discolored.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

1) according to the invention, the ingredients are subjected to two steps of stirring treatment and activating treatment, so that the surface use performance of the ingredients is realized, and meanwhile, a certain promotion effect on the improvement of the yield of the shiitake mushrooms is realized.

2) The lack of an activation step or a storage step in the present invention results in a decrease in ergosterol content and the survival rate of the bacteria sticks, which decrease by 26.44mg/g and 29.03mg/g, respectively, and a decrease by 21.65% and 23.90%, respectively.

3) In the invention, the ergosterol content and the survival rate of the bacteria sticks are reduced by exchanging the activation step or the storage step, the ergosterol content is respectively reduced by 15.89mg/g and 18.18mg/g, and the survival rate of the bacteria sticks is respectively reduced by 15.84 percent and 18.23 percent.

4) The yield per mu of the mushroom planted by the method is 24456-24522 kg/mu, the ergosterol content reaches 301.47-309.12 mg/g, the survival rate of the mushroom sticks is 97.63-99.03%, the yield is increased by 21.59-21.92%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments, and that any changes and/or modifications may be made to the present invention within the scope of the present invention.