阅读说明：本技术 当归药渣制备金针菇菌棒的方法及肉牛饲料 (Method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from angelica sinensis dregs and beef cattle feed ) 是由 徐兵 周惠杰 周宇杰 孙飞 卢嘉敏 于 2020-03-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了当归药渣制备金针菇菌棒的方法及肉牛饲料,制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)药渣的预处理：对当归药渣进行干燥处理；(2)活化菌种：将金针菇斜面接种,放入液体培养基中摇瓶培养；(3)金针菇的生物转换：将液体培养基中的液体菌种放入当归药渣中,待满袋后获得金针菇菌棒；肉牛饲料包括以下重量份组份：菜粕180-220份,麸皮120-160份,壳灰10-14份,食盐0.4-0.8份,金针菇菌棒450-780份；本发明饲料能有效调节牛的消化能力和生长发育速度,喂养的牛的生长发育速度平均比常规饲料喂食的牛的生长速度要高15.7-30.5％,而且喂养的牛的病害率却减少14-18％。(The invention discloses a method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from angelica sinensis dregs and beef cattle feed, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of medicine dregs: drying the angelica dregs; (2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture; (3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the angelica sinensis dregs, and obtaining needle mushroom sticks after the bags are full; the beef cattle feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 220 portions of rapeseed meal, 160 portions of bran, 10 to 14 portions of shell ash, 0.4 to 0.8 portion of salt and 780 portions of flammulina velutipes fungus stick; the feed can effectively regulate the digestive ability and the growth and development speed of the cattle, the growth and development speed of the fed cattle is 15.7-30.5% higher than that of the cattle fed by the conventional feed on average, and the disease rate of the fed cattle is reduced by 14-18%.)

1. The method for preparing the needle mushroom sticks from the angelica sinensis dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of medicine dregs: drying the angelica dregs;

(2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture;

(3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: and putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the angelica sinensis dregs, bagging and culturing, and obtaining the needle mushroom sticks after the bags are full.

2. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from angelica sinensis dregs according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the angelica sinensis dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, and then the crushed dregs are treated by a pressure difference puffing technology.

3. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from angelica sinensis dregs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the angelica dregs is 3: 7.

4. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from angelica sinensis dregs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), obtaining the needle mushroom sticks after the bags are full for 30 days.

5. Beef cattle feed containing needle mushroom sticks obtained by the method for preparing the needle mushroom sticks from the angelica sinensis dregs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 220 portions of rapeseed meal, 160 portions of bran, 10 to 14 portions of shell ash, 0.4 to 0.8 portion of salt and 780 portions of flammulina velutipes fungus sticks.

6. The beef cattle feed according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 180 parts of rapeseed meal, 120 parts of bran, 10 parts of shell ash, 0.4 part of salt and 450 parts of needle mushroom sticks.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from Chinese angelica dregs. The invention also relates to beef cattle feed containing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks.

Background

In recent years, the feed industry in China is rapidly developed (the total value of the feed industry in China in 2018 reaches 8870 billion yuan, the total feed yield reaches 2.28 billion tons, the feed industry is the first to live in the world for 8 continuous years and accounts for 1/4 of the total global yield), although the total amount is very large, a plurality of problems also occur:

1. the feed safety problem in China is not optimistic, the feed sanitation standard is still imperfect, and the requirements on feed safety management can not be met, for example: 1) the allowable content of a plurality of toxic and harmful additives in the feed has not been established, and the established sanitation standard is limited to the feed of the pigs and the poultry; 2) investigation shows that part of enterprises use drugs or chemicals which are prohibited by certain countries for a long time in feed for commercial purposes, resulting in increased drug and chemical residues; 3) in addition, the feed raw materials of some enterprises are unreasonable in configuration, and heavy metals and harmful substances are seriously remained.

2. The current resource situation of China: 1) the total amount of natural resources is large, the variety is large, but the occupied amount of human resources is small, and the development difficulty is large; 2) the resource development and utilization in China are unreasonable and scientific, and the waste and the loss are serious. Therefore, combining the above two points, the resource shortage of high quality feed will be a long and serious problem.

Generally, cattle have four stomachs, so rumination can occur. Cattle eat plants, and the fibers of the plants are relatively indigestible. The plant is fed by cattle, chewed roughly and enters rumen, and then can return to mouth for continuous chewing when having a rest. This is rumination. Rumination has four stages, food from the stomach back to the very mouth, chewing, mixing with saliva, and swallowing again. The digestion of food in the rumen greatly affects the health of cattle.

The beef contains rich protein, the amino acid composition is closer to the requirements of human bodies than pork, the disease resistance of the organisms can be improved, and the beef is particularly suitable for supplementing blood loss, repairing tissues and the like for people after growth, operation and diseases. Eating beef in winter has the function of warming stomach, and is a good tonic product in winter. The traditional Chinese medicine considers that: the beef has the functions of strengthening the middle-jiao and replenishing qi, nourishing spleen and stomach, strengthening bones and muscles, eliminating phlegm and calming endogenous wind, quenching thirst and stopping salivation. Is suitable for people with sinking of middle qi, short breath, weak constitution, soreness of bones and muscles, anemia, and blurred vision. Therefore, beef is more and more favored by people, and the market demand is increased year by year. In addition, from the development trend, the beef product demand will be larger and larger, and the beef production market prospect is wide.

According to the medical big data report of the research institute of the Chinese trade industry, the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine is getting bigger and bigger (3462 medical hospitals in 2016, the proportion is 11.9%, and the proportion is increased by 5.6%), and the common treatment modes of the traditional Chinese medicine residues are stacking, burning and burying, and the treatment modes not only need enterprises to bear the pollution discharge cost, but also cause certain pollution to water quality, air and soil. However, researches show that the angelica dregs contain nutrient components such as crude fat, crude protein, amino acid, trace elements and the like, and certain amount of bioactive components such as polysaccharide, flavone, saponin and the like are remained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from Chinese angelica dregs, and also provides a beef cattle feed containing the needle mushroom sticks.

In order to solve the technical problems, the method for preparing the needle mushroom sticks from the angelica sinensis dregs comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of medicine dregs: drying the angelica sinensis dregs. Specifically, the Chinese angelica dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, and then the crushed dregs are treated by a differential pressure puffing technology.

The Chinese angelica dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, so that the putrefying bacteria pollution can be effectively prevented; the crushed medicine dregs are treated by a differential pressure puffing technology, so that gaps are generated in the dried medicine dregs, and hypha growth and medicinal components are favorably separated out. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are generally wet materials, are extremely easy to rot and smelly, are subjected to microwave drying (6000W, single-layer tiling and half an hour of treatment) in the treatment process, are short in time, can effectively control the pollution of putrefying bacteria, but in the drying process, the organizational structure of the dregs is changed, becomes compact and has hardened surfaces, which are not beneficial to the taking of flammulina velutipes hyphae, then the dried dregs are subjected to differential pressure puffing operation, after the dregs enter a puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw thread sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased, the maximum pressure is 4MPa, and the temperature is continuously increased, for example, the maximum temperature can reach 140 ℃. The rapid rise of temperature and pressure in a short time (such as 3-7s) causes the change of the tissue structure of the dregs of decoction, and the destruction of coarse fibers. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge port, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial flash evaporation is carried out on moisture, the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure, needle mushroom hypha can enter the medicine residues along gaps to grow and fully transform the medicine residues, and after the medicine residues are puffed by pressure difference, the residual medicinal components are more easily separated out due to the change of the tissue structure.

(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture. The strain of the needle mushroom is needle mushroom of GIM5.185 (the GIM number of Guangdong province microbial strain preservation center is GIM5.185, and the strain name is needle mushroom strain).

(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: and putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the angelica sinensis dregs, bagging and culturing, and obtaining the needle mushroom sticks after the bags are full. Specifically, the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the angelica sinensis dregs is 3:7, and the needle mushroom sticks are obtained after the bags are filled for 30 days.

The main component of the angelica sinensis dregs is cellulose and angelica sinensis polysaccharide, through the material mixing type inoculation with the mass ratio of the flammulina velutipes liquid strain to the angelica sinensis dregs being 3:7, hypha can grow over the compost in 3 days, the hypha can directly utilize the angelica sinensis polysaccharide to grow at the beginning, the inoculation amount with high proportion can inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria, the hypha can secrete cellulose degrading enzyme after utilizing the angelica sinensis polysaccharide, the cellulose is degraded and converted into nutrient substances required by the user, the crude protein content in the cultivation material is measured from the time when the hyphae begin to propagate in large quantity on the 7 th day until 30 days before fruiting, the hyphae are the most and the crude protein content is the highest, the culture material is added with a certain amount of shell ash to improve the content of crude protein and crude fiber of needle mushroom fruiting bodies, the contents of crude fat, crude polysaccharide and ash are not changed, the nutrition quality of the sporocarp is improved, and the content of crude protein in the cultivation material can reach 12.9%.

The beef cattle feed containing the needle mushroom sticks obtained by the method for preparing the needle mushroom sticks by using the angelica sinensis dregs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 220 parts of rapeseed meal, 160 parts of bran, 10-14 parts of shell ash, 0.4-0.8 part of salt and 780 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus stick, preferably, the components in parts by weight are as follows: 180 parts of rapeseed meal, 120 parts of bran, 10 parts of shell ash, 0.4 part of salt and 450 parts of needle mushroom sticks. The shell ash is calcined shell powder, commonly called shell ash, and is prepared by selecting various shells such as oyster shell and the like, calcining the shells in a kiln at a high temperature of 800-1600 ℃, and grinding the shells into powder, wherein the main component is calcium oxide.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the beef cattle feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula, relatively lower in cost, comprehensive in nutritional ingredients and free of additives, and when the beef cattle feed is taken by cattle, the appetite can be increased, the palatability of the feed is improved, the digestion and utilization rate is improved, the immunity of the cattle is enhanced, the biological activity of the cattle body is effectively enhanced, the in-vivo metabolism is promoted, the absorption and utilization of various nutrients in food are facilitated, the growth and development are greatly benefited, and the disease rate can be effectively reduced. The feed can effectively regulate the digestive ability and the growth and development speed of the cattle, the growth and development speed of the fed cattle is 15.7-30.5% higher than that of the cattle fed by the conventional feed on average, and the disease rate of the fed cattle is reduced by 14-18%.

Detailed Description

The strain of Flammulina velutipes (golden mushroom) is GIM5.185 (the number of GIM of Guangdong province microorganism culture Collection is GIM5.185, and the strain name is Flammulina velutipes).