阅读说明：本技术 用于预防经由口腔和咽部染上疾病的口腔表面施用制剂 (Oral surface application formulation for preventing diseases through oral and pharyngeal cavity ) 是由 J·G·蒙特斯 J·英特拉特 于 2018-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明包括一种牙膏或其他口腔应用产品,其每天至少使用一次以帮助预防或抑制口腔或咽部组织染上多种感染,包括“普通”感冒。这些组合物具有其他牙膏或其他口腔应用产品中未发现的成分的组合,并且这些成分共同作用以协同干扰许多病原体的感染。该牙膏将具有已知防止蛀牙的普通洁齿成分,以及减少口臭(即口气)和预防牙龈炎的成分。另外,该牙膏将包括以下中的一种或多种：1)用锌盐、优选葡萄糖酸锌浸渍的淀粉；2)作为单独化合物而非提取成分的柯里拉京；3)原卟啉锌IX；和4)各自作为单独化合物而非提取成分的一种或多种其他无色或浅色单宁。(The present invention comprises a toothpaste or other orally applicable product that is used at least once daily to help prevent or inhibit infection of oral or pharyngeal tissues by a variety of infections, including the "common" cold. These compositions have a combination of other ingredients not found in toothpaste or other oral application products, and these ingredients work together to synergistically interfere with the infection of many pathogens. The toothpaste will have the usual dentifrice ingredients known to prevent tooth decay, as well as ingredients to reduce bad breath and prevent gingivitis. Additionally, the toothpaste will include one or more of the following: 1) starch impregnated with a zinc salt, preferably zinc gluconate; 2) corilagin as a separate compound rather than as an extracted ingredient; 3) zinc protoporphyrin IX; and 4) one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, each as a separate compound other than the extraction ingredient.)

1. A composition formulated as a toothpaste or other orally administrable formulation, including a dentifrice gel or paste, for use in preventing or inhibiting colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections, the composition comprising: (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, or another one or more colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said zinc salt is an organic zinc salt selected from the group consisting of zinc gluconate, zinc lactate, zinc acetate, and combinations thereof.

3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the organic zinc salt is zinc gluconate.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the zinc salt is an inorganic zinc salt selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, and combinations thereof.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the starch is amylopectin.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 2-10% by weight of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is in the range of 1: 30 to 1: 2, or a salt thereof.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprise 0.01 to 10 weight percent of the composition.

9. The composition of claim 1, further comprising zinc protoporphyrin IX, and wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX is in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the composition.

10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a free zinc salt, and wherein the free zinc salt is in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

11. The composition of claim 1, further comprising fluoride.

12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a malleable or squeezable tube in which the composition is stored.

13. A composition formulated as a chewing gum, mouth rinse, mouthwash or aerosol comprising a solvent or other vehicle for preventing or inhibiting colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections, the composition comprising: (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, or one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said zinc salt is an organic zinc salt selected from the group consisting of zinc gluconate, zinc lactate, zinc acetate, and combinations thereof.

15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 2-10% by weight of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is in the range of 1: 30 to 1: 2, or a salt thereof.

16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition.

17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprise 0.01 to 5 weight percent of the composition.

18. The composition of claim 13, further comprising zinc protoporphyrin IX, and wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX is in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the composition.

19. The composition of claim 13, further comprising a free zinc salt, and wherein the free zinc salt is in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

20. The composition of claim 13, further comprising fluoride.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to compositions and formulations for preventing or inhibiting infection by oral and pharyngeal infections, and methods of using and making these compositions and formulations. In particular, the present invention relates to a toothpaste in the form of a paste or gel for preventing or inhibiting colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections; or a mouthwash or mouth rinse; or chewable materials such as chewing gum or other orally administrable formulations, and their use in administering such compositions and formulations orally and/or pharyngeally to prevent or inhibit colds or other upper respiratory tract and pharyngeal infections.

Background

It is known that there are many toothpastes and mouthwashes on the market that can prevent tooth decay (usually by fluoride) to reduce the occurrence of gingivitis (usually by the action of triclosan and/or zinc salts such as zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate or zinc chloride (m.sanz et al dental plaque and gingivitis toothpaste Monograph Oral Sci (2013)23:27-44)) to help clean the food particles of the Oral cavity and produce "fresh breath". Thus, while currently available over-the-counter toothpastes meet the general need for preventing caries (bacterially-induced cavities leading to cavities), gingivitis, improving sensitive teeth and oral hygiene, there remains a need in the art for toothpastes and other orally-administered formulations, the inclusion of ingredients therein which will enhance the ability of the toothpaste or formulation to prevent or inhibit the development of, or reduce the incidence or likelihood of, infections with a variety of diseases, including the common cold and many other pathological conditions caused by pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi, or other possible diseases (e.g., ulcers, ear infections, etc.). Thus, there is a need in the art for toothpastes and mouthwashes and other formulations that will prevent or inhibit many infections, or reduce the incidence or likelihood thereof, that are infected through the oral cavity and pharynx, while acting as the majority of toothpastes and mouthwashes in preventing tooth decay and cleaning the oral cavity.

Disclosure of Invention

The formulations described herein, when applied to the oral cavity in the form of one of its embodiments, will help prevent or inhibit infection with a number of potentially pathogenic conditions arising from interactions between pathogens (e.g. viruses, bacteria or fungi) and tissues in the oral and/or pharyngeal regions. In a preferred embodiment of the toothpaste or gel, it can be delivered adequately into the oral and pharyngeal surfaces. By habitually (at least daily) brushing followed by minimal rinsing or simply spitting out of the formulation (usually toothpaste), the user can be protected from infection or reduced incidence of a variety of pathogens, especially the common cold. Suitable ingredients known in the art will form the basis of an embodiment of the invention wherein starch impregnated with a zinc salt, and optionally a dissolved zinc salt (which may or may not be the same zinc compound as the zinc salt impregnated in the starch), and one or more astringent compounds selected from corilagin (corilagin), another colourless or pale tannins and zinc protoporphyrin IX will be added.

In another aspect, provided herein is a composition of a toothpaste or other orally administrable formulation comprising a dentifrice gel or paste formulated for the prevention or inhibition of colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections, comprising: (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, or one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins (includingA light-colored tannin extracted from chestnuts used to add white wine, sold by the french L affort Company), or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins in some embodiments, a toothpaste or other oral application formulation further comprises zinc protoporphyrin IX.Free zinc salt.

In another aspect, provided herein is a composition formulated as a chewing gum, mouth rinse, mouthwash, or aerosol comprising a solvent or other vehicle for preventing or inhibiting colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections, comprising: (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, or one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins (e.g., tannin)) Or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and/or one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins. In some embodiments, the chewing gum, mouth rinse, mouthwash, or aerosol further comprises zinc protoporphyrin IX. In some embodiments, the chewing gum, mouth rinse, mouthwash, or aerosol further comprises a free zinc salt.

In another aspect, provided herein are methods of preventing or inhibiting the development of, or reducing the incidence or likelihood of contracting a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection by administering a composition or formulation described herein to the mouth and/or pharynx of a subject. Another aspect provided herein is a method of making a composition or formulation described herein.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of examples. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred examples of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

Detailed Description

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.

In some embodiments, described herein is a toothpaste in the form of a paste or gel; or a mouthwash or mouth rinse; or a chewable material, such as chewing gum; or other oral administration preparations containing a base formulation and suitable ingredients known in the art, such as fluoride, detergents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), solvents (e.g., glycerin and/or propylene glycol), zinc salts, abrasives (e.g., fumed silica), antibacterial agents (e.g., triclosan), flavoring agents (including sweeteners), and any other suitable ingredient useful or necessary for the composition or formulation. Added to the base formulation or recipe will be one or more of the following:

(1) starch granules impregnated with a zinc salt, preferably zinc gluconate;

(2) astringent compounds, tannins, known as corilagin;

(3) astringent compounds, porphyrins, known as zinc protoporphyrin IX; and

(4) astringent compounds, colorless or light-colored tannins other than corilagin (e.g. corilagin))。

The above ingredients will have an effect in preventing or inhibiting the production of a variety of pathogens, including viruses that cause colds, such as rhinoviruses, including many oral bacteria that may be pathogenic, such as those that may cause gingivitis, and including oral fungi that may produce thrush. Typically, a user will brush with the toothpaste described herein at least once a day while using the toothbrush, and will vigorously expectorate and/or rinse away the formulation with water only once immediately after brushing.

The toothpaste or other embodiments of the present invention will prevent or inhibit the development of, or reduce the incidence or likelihood of, multiple infections through the mouth and pharynx, while acting as most toothpastes and mouthwashes in preventing tooth decay and cleaning the mouth.

One of the inventors of the present invention is usually afflicted with the common cold for most of his lifetime, usually 3 to 4 colds per year. However, starting approximately twelve years ago, he began to associate a low probability of having a cold with a person selecting an ingredient that may be deliberately placed into the mouth. Some have become the scientific basis for their potential, while others have been associated with a reduced incidence of disease, including:

1. a zinc salt;

2. stannous or other fluoride;

3. sodium lauryl sulfate; and

4. polyphenols, such as tannins.

It is known that there are many toothpastes and mouthwashes on the market that can prevent tooth decay (usually by fluoride) to reduce the occurrence of gingivitis (usually by the action of triclosan and/or zinc salts such as zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate or zinc chloride (m.sanz et al dental plaque and gingivitis toothpaste Monograph Oral Sci (2013)23:27-44)) to help clean the food particles of the Oral cavity and produce "fresh breath". However, no toothpaste or mouthwash has the ingredients of the unique combination in embodiments of the present invention; in particular, the ingredients in the latter toothpaste provide a slow release of the zinc salt. Zinc salts have been used in many toothpastes for many years to prevent gingivitis, but given that zinc salts can also alleviate the symptoms of the cold by significantly reducing the infectivity of the mucous membranes by the cold virus, it is also reasonable to provide a more stable source of zinc ions by using a method for allowing the zinc salt to be present in the oral cavity for a longer period of time than is normally achieved by brushing the teeth with current toothpastes. This new toothpaste is typically used at least once a day by brushing the teeth with a toothbrush; however, it can also be used twice or more daily without adverse effects or reduced efficacy. After brushing, the user will spit the ingredients out of their mouth by no more than one rinse with water, or even without a partial or complete rinse, in order to adequately retain the remnants of the toothpaste.

Regarding Zinc salts, it is now known that Zinc ions can prevent rhinovirus from attaching to cells, and Zinc containing lozenges can alleviate symptoms and duration of the common cold (see wedmd. cold, Flu & coarse Health Center-Zinc for colds: L ozenges & Nasal sprays. available at www.webmd.com/cold-and-Flu/cold-guide/Zinc-zones-cold-remade as well as at the national institutes of Health dietary supplement office. Health professionals' Zinc condition instructions are available at ods. nih. gov/facts/Zinc-Health).

There may be many infectious viruses, the ability to infect an individual may be hindered by a toothpaste containing zinc, which applies zinc to the mouth, gums and pharynx. In addition, zinc salts are known to also have antibacterial and antifungal properties, and together with fluoride salts, detergents and other ingredients will also help reduce the frequency of fungal and bacterial infections. Thus, embodiments of the present invention address a wide range of pathologies that are locally affected in the mouth and pharynx.

The nature of zinc salts associated with their ability to prevent colds (rhinoviruses and other viruses) is astringency (see www.britannica.com/science/astringent. visit 9/14/2016). Zinc belongs to the class of astringents known as "metal astringents", i.e., those that cause coagulation of the cell surface layer. This indicates that protein coagulation is involved in preventing or inhibiting the onset of colds. Given that the outer shell of protein, called the capsid, surrounds all viruses, coagulation of the protein in the outer shell can fundamentally interfere with the attachment of virions (individual viral particles) to the cellular host. This would be particularly applicable to host cells that are surface exposed to an astringent. However, many viruses also have a lipid "envelope" around the protein coat, and thus the coagulation of the astringent may be disturbed. Furthermore, it is believed that this envelope interferes with immune defenses by interfering with the binding of proteins (viruses) to proteins (antibodies). However, toothpastes and other oral and pharyngeal preparations contain highly effective surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, and thus help to solubilize the lipid envelope of the virus and thus cause exposure of the protein capsid to the astringent in the preparation. Thus, it appears that the detergent environment is a cofactor for successful prevention of infection from enveloped virus infection by astringents, including zinc salts. Since most colds are caused by rhinoviruses, and they are not enveloped viruses, detergent cofactors are required to prevent infections in the pharynx. Nevertheless, embodiments of the present invention are useful not only for preventing or inhibiting infection by cold viruses, but also for preventing or inhibiting infection of the mouth or pharynx by other viruses, many of which are enveloped viruses. Among the enveloped viruses that can be prevented or inhibited by embodiments of the present invention are the following: herpes simplex I (oral herpes); varicella virus (chicken pox); influenza virus flavivirus (hepatitis c); com/2014/03/some common viral diseases and their list of treatments). It should be noted that the initial acquisition point of the virus does not necessarily represent the final distribution and symptoms of the virus. For example, hepatitis C may be infected through the pharynx, but the main focus of the disease is the liver. Also, infections of the inner ear (otitis media) may result from viral or bacterial infections first staining the pharynx.

Thus, The astringent properties are related to The prevention of mucosal cell staining with viruses in embodiments of The invention The isolated tannin, called corilagin, is a component for preventing staining via The mouth and pharynx with pathological conditions caused by microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, which is at least partly due to its known astringent properties as in The case of zinc it will act as a coagulant, but unlike zinc alone, zinc in ionic form (from zinc salts) has unexpected affinity for mucus secretion, thus it may be able to adhere to certain oral and pharyngeal surfaces for a longer time, furthermore, as described in at least one study it has beneficial anti-inflammatory properties (P.Buzzini et al, anti-microbial and anti-viral activity of hydrolysable tannins. Mini-Reviews Chemistry (2008)8:1179 1187; Yuan-Jin Guo et al, corilago et al, anti-inflammatory activity of HSV-1 encephalitis and HSV-1 cells, this invention has been shown by a high concentration of a component in a variety of The cosmetic herbal extracts in The future as a high anti-inflammatory herbal composition under The patent application No. Tokukan-Phili-10, The invention of The anti-inflammatory activity of corilagranum cheira-1-enc component in The invention, which has been shown by The invention in a high concentration of The invention in The invention of a cosmetic-Guillain a cosmetic-A publication No. 8: No. 8, No. 11, No. 21, The invention, The use of The invention, The use of The invention, The.

Other astringent compounds (i.e., colorless or light-colored tannins) would be an alternative to corilagin, although one or more such tannins may also be used with the latter to prolong the efficacy of the dentifrice, tannins (a polyphenol compound, corilagin is one of them) are found in relatively high concentrations in many edible plants, they are astringent and thus generally lead to protein precipitation, furthermore, given that most viruses have a protein capsid (shell) that interfaces with the external environment, this is crucial for the removal of viruses from the circulation of the mouth and throat (drug and pharmacology, page 282, dmrcultubbreck, &lttt translation = L &lt/t &gtta and Febiger, felden, 1927) in addition, this would suggest that there is the ability to interfere with certain viruses to attach to mucosal cells like zinc, while their water solubility indicates that there may be a priority to exist in other oral cavity tannins, the efficacy of other ingredients in a manner of the invention, even though the use of these compounds would not be considered as a synergistic anti-toxic or synergistic to other anti-toxic substances in the oral cavity tannins, such a cosmetic composition, the invention, the use of corilagin a cosmetic composition of these ingredients would not only suggest that the use of corilagin a cosmetic composition would be of the invention, the cosmetic composition, the cosmetic "

Finally, another ingredient, zinc protoporphyrin IX (RF L abbe et al, zinc protoporphyrin: a mission-responsible metabolite; Clinical Chemistry (1999)45: 2060) -2072) can be a component of an orally administered product, in addition to being another source of zinc (in this case, longer lasting and inherently astringent), it is also a known carrier for divalent ions (e.g., zinc ions), thus creating a more persistent zinc source that helps to deliver zinc to more extensive areas of the mouth and pharynx and prolongs its astringency in the latter areas.

However, despite the astringency of each component, because they have different physical and chemical properties, synergy will arise due to their differences in structural stability, affinity for different surfaces, and tendency to associate and adhere to different secretions.

While currently available over-the-counter toothpastes meet the overall need for preventing caries (bacterially induced cavities leading to cavities), gingivitis, improving sensitive teeth and oral hygiene, the novel toothpastes described herein can act synergistically by combining multiple ingredients. It is expected that since the surface affinity of each component will vary depending on the particular tissue (e.g., the gingival and mucosal membranes of the pharynx versus the enamel), the different components will help expose the different tissues more thoroughly to the active ingredient; furthermore, there may be substantial differences in the sensitivity of different strains of bacteria and viruses to different components, such that the diversity of the components should have a greater effect than if used at the highest safe concentrations of only a single component known to be effective. The ingredients in the new toothpaste will be present in unique combinations, where the inclusion of ingredients will enhance the ability of the toothpaste to prevent a variety of diseases, including the common cold and many other pathological conditions caused by pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi, or other possible conditions (e.g., ulcer sores, ear infections, etc.). The user of the toothpaste preferably only needs to brush one tooth per day to achieve the desired effect.

The following examples are provided to more fully illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. They should in no way be construed, however, as limiting the broad scope of the invention.

Embodiments of the invention include:

1. a composition formulated as a toothpaste or other orally-administrable formulation comprising a dentifrice gel or paste for use in the prevention or inhibition of colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections, comprising: (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

2. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the zinc salt is an organic zinc salt.

3. The composition of embodiment 2 wherein the organic zinc salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc gluconate, zinc lactate, zinc acetate, and combinations thereof.

4. The composition of embodiment 3 wherein the organic zinc salt is zinc gluconate.

5. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the zinc salt is an inorganic zinc salt.

6. The composition of embodiment 5, wherein the inorganic zinc salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, and combinations thereof.

7. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the starch is amylopectin.

8. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the starch is of plant origin.

9. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the starch is a synthetic starch.

10. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is in the range of 1: 30 to 1: 2, or a salt thereof.

11. The composition of embodiment 10, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 5 wt.% of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is 1: 10.

12. the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition.

13. The composition of embodiment 12, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.03% by weight of the composition.

14. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein another colorless or light-colored tannin, or various other colorless or light-colored tannins, comprises 0.01 to 10 weight percent of the composition.

15. The composition of embodiment 14, wherein the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprise 0.03 weight percent of the composition.

16. The composition of embodiments 14 and 15, wherein the concentration of corilagin is zero.

17. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprises a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

18. The composition of embodiment 17, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition and the another or various other colorless or light-colored tannins comprise 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition, respectively.

19. The composition of embodiment 17, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.03 weight percent of the composition and the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins comprise 0.03 weight percent of the composition, respectively.

20. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 18, further comprising zinc protoporphyrin IX.

21. The composition of embodiment 19, wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX is in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the composition.

22. The composition of embodiment 20, wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX comprises 0.5% by weight of the composition.

23. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 21, further comprising a free zinc salt.

24. The composition of embodiment 22, wherein the free zinc salt is in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

25. The composition of embodiment 23, wherein the free zinc salt comprises 0.4% by weight of the composition.

26. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 24, further comprising a fluoride.

27. A composition formulated as a chewing gum, mouth rinse, mouthwash or aerosol comprising a solvent or other vehicle for preventing or inhibiting colds or other upper respiratory and pharyngeal infections comprising (1) a zinc salt impregnated starch, and (2) corilagin, and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins, or a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

28. The composition of embodiment 26, wherein the zinc salt is an organic zinc salt.

29. The composition of embodiment 27 wherein said organic zinc salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc gluconate, zinc lactate, zinc acetate, and combinations thereof.

30. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the organic zinc salt is zinc gluconate.

31. The composition of embodiment 26, wherein the zinc salt is an inorganic zinc salt.

32. The composition of embodiment 39, wherein the inorganic zinc salt is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, and combinations thereof.

33. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 31, wherein the starch is amylopectin.

34. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 31, wherein the starch is of plant origin.

35. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 31, wherein the starch is a synthetic starch.

36. The composition of any of embodiments 26 to 34, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is in the range of 1: 30 to 1: 2, or a salt thereof.

37. The composition of embodiment 35, wherein the zinc salt impregnated starch comprises 5% by weight of the composition and the weight ratio of zinc salt to starch is 1: 10.

38. the composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 36, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition.

39. The composition of embodiment 37, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.03% by weight of the composition.

40. The composition of any of embodiments 26 to 38, wherein the concentration of the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprises from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition.

41. The composition of embodiment 39, wherein the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprises 0.01 weight percent of the composition.

42. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 36, wherein the composition comprises a combination of corilagin and one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins.

43. The composition of embodiment 41, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition, and the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprise 0.01% to 10% by weight of the composition, respectively.

44. The composition of embodiment 42, wherein the corilagin comprises 0.03 weight percent of the composition and the one or more other colorless or light-colored tannins each comprise 0.03 weight percent of the composition, respectively.

45. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 43, further comprising zinc protoporphyrin IX.

46. The composition of embodiment 44, wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX is in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the composition.

47. The composition of embodiment 45, wherein the zinc protoporphyrin IX comprises 0.5% by weight of the composition.

48. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 46, further comprising a free zinc salt.

49. The composition of embodiment 47, wherein the free zinc salt is in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

50. The composition of embodiment 48, wherein the free zinc salt comprises 0.4% by weight of the composition.

51. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 49, further comprising fluoride.

52. The composition of any of embodiments 1 to 25, further comprising a malleable or extrudable tube having the composition stored therein.

53. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 25 or 51, wherein the composition is formulated as a toothpaste and a translucent gel or paste.

54. A method of preventing or inhibiting infection with the common cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject a toothpaste of any one of embodiments 1 to 25 or 51 to 52.

55. A method of reducing the incidence or likelihood of a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject a toothpaste of any one of embodiments 1 to 25 or 51 to 52.

56. The method of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the administering step comprises brushing the teeth of the subject.

57. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 49, wherein the composition is formulated as a mouth rinse or mouthwash.

58. A method of preventing or inhibiting exposure to a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection, comprising administering to a subject a mouth rinse or mouthwash of embodiment 56.

59. A method of reducing the incidence or likelihood of a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject an oral rinse or mouthwash of embodiment 56.

60. The method of embodiment 57 or 58, wherein the step of administering comprises rinsing the oral cavity of the subject with a mouth rinse or mouthwash.

61. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 49, wherein the composition is formulated as a chewing gum.

62. A method of preventing or inhibiting infection with a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject the chewing gum of embodiment 60.

63. A method of reducing the incidence or likelihood of a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject the chewing gum of embodiment 60.

64. The method of embodiment 61 or 62, wherein said administering step comprises chewing said chewing gum.

65. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 49, wherein the composition is formulated as an aerosol for spraying into the oral cavity and/or pharynx.

66. A method of preventing or inhibiting infection with a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject the aerosol of embodiment 64.

67. A method of reducing the incidence or likelihood of a cold or other upper respiratory tract or pharyngeal infection comprising administering to a subject a mouth rinse or mouthwash of embodiment 64.

68. The method of embodiment 65 or 66, wherein the administering step comprises spraying the aerosol into the oral cavity and/or pharynx of the subject.

Having described preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit as defined in the appended claims.