阅读说明：本技术 用于制造楼板和类似物的模块化空心耐力板 (Modular hollow resistance plate for the production of floors and the like ) 是由 弗朗西斯科·哈维尔·费尔南德斯埃雷罗 于 2018-01-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种板,该板包括上条板(1)、下条板(2)、以及布置在上条板(1)与下条板(2)之间的多方向折叠的、弯曲的或起伏的中间结构(3),上条板和下条板两者是扁平的,并且中间结构在间断地定位及分布的接触区域或连接点(4)和(5)处接合至上条板(1)和下条板(2),以限定在整个板上沿至少两个不同的方向延伸的至少两个间隙式的且连续的腔室(6)和(7)、通道或中空空间。以此方式,获得轻质板,该轻质板在结构上、声学上和热学上是有耐力的,该轻质板易于系统地制造或安装,并且该轻质板可以由于内部孔也可以用作用于安装件的一体的进出通道而有效地用作用以建造楼板和类似物的整体系统。(The invention relates to a panel comprising an upper (1) and a lower (2) lath, and a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure (3) arranged between the upper (1) and lower (2) laths, both flat, and joined to the upper (1) and lower (2) laths at intermittently positioned and distributed contact areas or points (4) and (5), to define at least two interspaced and continuous chambers (6) and (7), channels or hollow spaces extending in at least two different directions throughout the panel. In this way, lightweight panels are obtained which are structurally, acoustically and thermally resistant, which are easy to manufacture systematically or install, and which can be effectively used as an integrated system for building floors and the like, since the internal bores can also be used as an integrated access channel for the installation elements.)

1. A modular hollow resistance panel for use in the manufacture of floor slabs and the like, said modular hollow resistance panel comprising:

-a flat upper ribbon (1);

-a flat lower strip (2);

-a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure (3), said intermediate structure (3) being arranged between said upper and lower laths (1, 2), and said intermediate structure (3) being joined to said upper and lower laths (1, 2) at intermittently positioned and distributed contact areas or connection points (4) and (5), so that said intermediate structure (3) defines at least two interstitial and continuous chambers, channels or hollow spaces (6) and (7) extending in at least two different directions throughout said plate.

2. The modular hollow resistance plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper strip (1) and/or the lower strip (2) have perforations.

3. The modular hollow resistance plate according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper strip (1) and/or the lower strip (2) have a linear reinforcement, which is included on the surface of the upper strip (1) and/or the lower strip (2) or is attached longitudinally to the surface of the upper strip (1) and/or the lower strip (2).

4. The modular hollow resistance plate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint between the intermediate structure (3) and the upper and lower laths (1, 2) is formed by one or a combination of the following joining means: these joining means include metal plates or connecting pieces, angle profiles, screws, tongue-and-groove couplings, and joining by means of adhesives.

5. The modular hollow resistant panel according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate structure (3) is made of individual modules comprising truncated pyramids (14), the truncated pyramids (14) having a polygonal base starting from three base sides.

6. Modular hollow resistance plate according to claim 5, characterized in that the truncated pyramid (14) is constituted by a series of flat members joined to each other in addition to the upper and lower laths (1, 2).

7. The modular hollow resistant panel according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the truncated pyramid (14) is fastened on the upper and lower laths (1, 2) using members (16) having a geometry that coincides with the geometry of the ends of the truncated pyramid.

8. The modular hollow resistance plate according to claim 5 or 6 or 7, wherein the individual modules are distributed according to a matrix arrangement.

9. The modular hollow resistance plate according to claim 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that the individual modules are distributed according to a matrix arrangement in a repetitive and abutting manner with each other.

10. The modular hollow resistant panel according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper strip (1) and the lower strip (2) have regularly distributed and separated reinforcing slats (8) and (9) fastened to the strips, or regularly distributed and separated projections or perforations as means for fixing to the individual modules in a tongue-and-groove coupling.

11. The modular hollow resistance plate according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the intermediate structure (3) is a lath of: the strip is in the form of a strip which is continuously folded, undulated or curved in several directions, defining peaks and valleys which constitute connection points or connection areas (4) and (5) of the undulating strip with said upper strip (1) and said lower strip (2).

12. Modular hollow resistance plate according to claim 11, characterized in that the folded, undulating or curved laths constituting the intermediate structure (3) are formed based on joined individual modules distributed according to a matrix distribution.

Technical Field

As the title determines, the object of the invention is a modular hollow resistance plate for the manufacture of floor slabs (slab) and the like.

The invention is defined by the structural and design characteristics of each of the elements forming part of the panel. Said characteristics enable the slab to be used as a floor or the like, and to be particularly light, without negatively affecting the resistant characteristics of the slab, thanks to the fact that it has a network of multidirectional continuous holes on the inside of the slab, and moreover it can be effectively combined with all the necessary characteristics for said use, including house installations (house installations) and the like, and allow these to pass through.

The invention thus falls within the field of floor-based construction elements and the like used in the construction of buildings.

Background

A floor is a structural element in the form of a horizontal plane (or an inclined plane for a roof) that supports its own weight and overloads from use, division, dynamics, etc., without needing to be supported over the entire surface of the floor. The loads are transmitted to the ground through other elements of the structure, such as beams, columns, walls and foundations.

Currently, the most common floors are made of reinforced concrete, usually consisting of concrete beams and joists (cast-in-place reinforced, prefabricated, pre-stressed, etc.), blocks (or lightweight ceramic elements, concrete elements, etc.), and an upper layer of compressed concrete, and are lightly reinforced by means of steel mesh. Floorslabs, which are less common today, or other types used for more specific purposes, are made with slabs, the underside of which rests on a joist or beam made of wood or steel, arranged unidirectionally or bidirectionally, or with structural panels, which comprise two wooden slabs adhered on both sides of a core of light material, such as expanded polystyrene or the like.

Among the different types of reinforced floors, the following are the most common:

unidirectional floors, which comprise joists (reinforced concrete or metal joists), blocks (mounted between joists), or precast floors, and a layer of compressed reinforced concrete. The joists transfer the load from the compression layer to the perimeter beams or edge beams.

-bidirectional or reticular floor: bidirectional floors or mesh floors are made up of panels (or other lightweight elements) arranged as a grid. Between the panels and above the shelves, steel bar frames are mounted in both directions and filled with concrete. The load is transferred to the column by means of a solid stud (caliper). The panels are typically removed (recycled).

-other reinforced concrete floors. Solid floors are the heavier type of floors. A light floor slab made of reinforced concrete by means of a light filler or a unidirectional inner hole completely covered in concrete is generally called a hollow floor slab. Reinforced floors are also made less thick on unidirectional corrugated steel sheets to form structural assemblies commonly referred to as composite floors. The floor described is based on a one-way design and must additionally be supported by perimeter beams or edge beams.

Reinforced concrete floors are the most common type due to advantages such as rigidity of the material and availability of material and inexpensive cost, despite disadvantages such as excessive weight and additional inefficiencies of the previously mentioned construction process. This type of floor can withstand heavy loads even for relatively wide spans and can constitute a monolithic assembly that is highly fire resistant and has acceptable sound insulating effect.

Thus, in all of the aforementioned reinforced concrete floors, whether unidirectional or bidirectional, the necessary structural resistance is achieved, albeit at the expense of their weight. Also in all the foregoing cases, the respective floor slabs do not have a clearance-type accessible space for placing or passing the installation or piping. Thus, floors used in the construction of buildings must additionally be supplemented by one or two hollow floors or chambers, accessible or inaccessible, which are constructed to be attached to the floor above or below for the placement of necessary fittings or pipes or for the passage of fittings or pipes. These building layers additionally add to the actual thickness of the floor but do not cooperate with the primary structural function.

The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a panel whose weight is significantly lower than that of current usual floors and whose load-bearing and resistance capacities are equal to or greater than those of current usual floors, which combines all the indicated characteristics and which can be manufactured in a rapid, efficient and systematic way. The development of said plate is described below and the basic characteristics of the plate are included in the first claim.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is a modular hollow resistance plate comprising two flat strips (strip) arranged in parallel, connected by means of an intermediate laminar structure which forms, in a multidirectional manner, repeating folds, bends or undulations.

The term "lath" refers to a structural element in the form of a two-dimensional rigid surface, which is not necessarily flat and has a small thickness with respect to the remaining dimensions of the lath, which has a substantially continuous appearance, although the lath may be made by joining the members using several different members, and/or which may comprise some surface holes and/or thread-like reinforcements, which are included on the surface or attached to the surface longitudinally.

The folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure of the panels extends in the space comprised between the two outer flat panels and is joined to the two outer flat panels at a plurality of points or areas joined and distributed discontinuously, defined by folds, bends or undulations in the form of slightly truncated crests or peaks, or coinciding with some areas of the intermediate structure having larger folds or bends.

The flat outer strip can be relatively thin due to the intermittently located and distributed points or areas by means of which it is joined to the intermediate folded structure. In particular cases, the outer flat strip may comprise linear reinforcements, oriented according to the plane of the strip, connecting said joints or joining areas to the folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure, and/or the outer flat strip may also comprise surface holes or perforations distributed between said joining areas.

Due to the arrangement of the folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure, which is intermittently fixed to the two flat outer strips arranged in parallel as described, at least two consecutive interstitial chambers, channels or hollow spaces extending in at least two directions along the plate are obtained, said chambers, channels or hollow spaces being comprised at least between each of the two flat outer strips and the intermediate structure.

The design of the described panel is advantageous for a specific use or application due to the additional functions due to the presence and geometry of the indicated cavities or hollow spaces, by the multidirectional folded, curved or undulating form of the intermediate structure, and also due to the special properties of the physical behaviour (mechanical, thermal, acoustic, etc.) of the panel, which are obtained due to the shape of the panel and are different from those of other existing structures.

One possible way of systematically generating the form of a folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure like the one described consists in joining repeated modules, which makes it possible to manufacture the intermediate structure with a very small number of types of components. In a possible embodiment, the module is in the form of truncated, hollow and trimmed pyramid-like pieces with a certain number of sides, or a repeated combination thereof.

Likewise, another possible way of systematically generating the form of a folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure like the one described is obtained by the following surfaces: this surface is produced by means of the movement of a flat, continuous and interrupted, curved or undulating generatrix along a directrix, also flat, continuous and interrupted, curved or undulating, which even enables the intermediate structure to be manufactured by a continuous process.

The panel object of the invention offers several advantages for the integrated manufacture of floors and the like including other structural systems and construction enclosures, without excluding other possible uses or applications. The modularity and light weight of the panels allows the panels to be prefabricated substantially in the shape of wide panel panels or sections that are transported to and assembled on site, rather than being built on site. As previously mentioned, the structural arrangement of the multi-directionally separated panels enables the panels to be self-supporting. This means that when the slab is arranged horizontally, it can be supported over a span of typical building size without the need to build beams directly supported by the columns. Likewise, the lighter weight of the panels facilitated by the structural arrangement of the panels makes it possible to reduce the weight of the rest of the structural elements supporting the panels. The presence of a wide interior chamber or void space promotes significant sound and thermal insulation capabilities for a given application. The multidirectional continuity of the interior hollow space, and the abutment of the interior hollow space with the flat outer panel, enables the hollow space to be used as a permanent integral channel, accessible for placement of mounts and ducts, and even for distributing heat and cold to adjacent living spaces, thereby eliminating the need to construct additional chambers, hollow spaces or channels.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific elements used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention.

Throughout the description and claims the word "comprise" and variations of the word "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other technical features, additions, components or steps. Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the practical use of the invention.

Drawings

In addition to what has been described and for the purpose of helping to make the characteristics of the invention easier to understand, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment of the invention, said description is accompanied by a set of drawings that form an integral part of the invention, presenting, in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following:

fig. 1A and 1B show two schematic views of a first embodiment of the plate object of the invention in perspective view. Fig. 1C shows a schematic view of a complementary embodiment of the plate of fig. 1A, with holes or perforations in the flat outer strip.

Fig. 1D, 1E and 1F show schematic views of other possible embodiments of the panels to illustrate in general the fact that the intermediate structure may have the shape of a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating lath, respectively.

In fig. 2, an illustration of the construction process of an overall system for the floor slab of a building is provided by installing a wide panel or section of the panel object of the present invention.

Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C show, for some possible embodiments of the modular hollow slab, an exploded view of different types of modules or module components of the intermediate structure.

Possible alternatives to the embodiment of the different components are provided in fig. 4 for the combination and engagement mechanism of the modules in the previous figures.

Fig. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D show perspective views of a preferred embodiment of the panel object of the present invention based on the modules of the previous figures, which panel object is used as an integral system for the floor of a building. In the figures, portions of the panels are pressed one after the other, so that in this preferred embodiment of the panels, the internal details of the assembly, and in particular of the connection between the flat upper and lower slats and the individual modules making up the intermediate structure, can be seen.

Detailed Description

With reference to the drawings, various aspects of the modular hollow panel object of the present invention will be described in detail below, and preferred embodiments of the modular hollow panel object will be described.

Fig. 1A and 1B show a lightweight panel object according to the invention, which, in a most simplified embodiment of the invention, comprises:

-a flat upper ribbon (1),

-a flat lower ribbon (2),

-a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure (3) arranged between the upper and lower laths (1, 2), and this intermediate structure (3) is joined to the upper and lower laths (1, 2) at intermittently positioned and distributed contact areas or connection points (4) and (5), respectively, so that the intermediate structure (3) defines at least two interstitial and continuous chambers, channels or hollow spaces (6) and (7) extending in at least two different directions over the entire plate.

Fig. 1B shows a simplified view of a perspective view of the same embodiment of the plate shown in fig. 1A, in which the flat upper slat (1) has been moved so that the intermediate structure (3) is visible.

In other possible embodiments of the panel, the flat upper strip (1) and the flat lower strip (2) may comprise perforations (10) and (11), respectively, similar to those shown in fig. 1C. The specific arrangement and geometry of the perforations need not be identical to that shown in fig. 1C, but the perforations cannot coincide with the junction areas or connection points (4) and (5) of the flat strips and the intermediate structure. In a complementary manner, the flat upper and lower slats (1, 2) may have linear reinforcing elements oriented according to their respective planes.

In case the upper (1) and lower (2) flights comprise perforations (10) and (11), respectively, similar to the perforations of fig. 1C, said perforations facilitate access to the continuous interstitial chambers, channels or hollow spaces (6) and (7), respectively, from the outside of the slab.

Fig. 1B, 1D, 1E and 1F show general schematic views of other possible embodiments of the panel, wherein the intermediate structure may be in the form of a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating slat.

In fig. 1B and 1D, the intermediate structure (3 or 3.1) is in the form of a folded strip, in which the respective multidirectional folds are formed by the flat faces coming together in different orientations, defining slightly truncated crests or peaks constituting the connection points or areas (4) and (5) of the folded strip with the flat upper strip (1) and the flat lower strip (2).

In fig. 1E, the intermediate structure (3.2) is in the form of a multidirectional relief strip arranged in a curved and continuous form, defining peaks and valleys constituting connection points or areas (4) and (5) of said relief strip with the upper strip (1) and the lower strip (2).

In fig. 1F, the intermediate structure (3.3) has the shape of a curved lath constituted by respective multidirectional reliefs, the points of greater projection or depression of which constitute the connection points or areas (4) and (5) of said curved lath with the upper (1) and lower (2) laths.

For possible embodiments of panels, such as the embodiments shown in fig. 1B, 1D, 1E, and 1F, intermediate structures may be produced by joining repeating modules, and manufacturing and connecting using known materials, mechanisms, and processes.

With respect to the previous embodiments, it must also be considered for some possible embodiments of the panel, such as the embodiments shown in fig. 1B, 1E and 1F, that the shape of the folded, curved or undulating strip constituting the intermediate structure in these cases can be obtained by the following surfaces: the surface is somewhat truncated, if necessary, by means of a movement of the continuous and interrupted, curved or undulating planar generatrix through the directrix, which is likewise flat, continuous and interrupted, curved or undulating.

The joint between the upper contact area (4) of the intermediate structure and the flat upper strip (1) and the joint between the lower contact area (5) of the intermediate structure and the flat lower strip (2) can be formed by means of known mechanisms which in some possible embodiments can comprise metal plates or connectors, angle profiles, screws, tongue-and-groove couplings (male-female), joining by means of adhesives, etc.

If the panels are used as an integral system of floors for buildings, the wide continuous interstitial spaces (6) and (7) defined on the interior of the panels are used as integral hollow chambers, permanently accessible for the placement of the devices and channels, and even for distributing heat and cold to adjacent living spaces, thereby eliminating the need to construct additional chambers, spaces or channels as is the current case with floors used in the prior art.

In one possible embodiment of the panel used as an integral system of floors for buildings, in which the continuous channels (6) and (7) are effectively used, the flat outer panels (1) and (2) are arranged so as to be separated from each other by a distance such that the total thickness of the panel is not greater than the actual thickness of typical panels of the prior art, in which the actual thickness not only comprises the edges of the resistant floors but also the thickness occupied by the devices or pipes that have to be arranged to be attached to said resistant floors. In this case, it has been demonstrated by modeling and simulation that a lightweight panel with the described properties, due to its overall thickness in cooperation with the main structural functions, can be supported in a manner resting directly on the column without being supported in any direction by the beams over a span of typical building dimensions, supporting the overloaded weight prescribed by the respective regulations, as shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a typical construction process of an overall system for a floor (13) of a building based on the plate object of the invention. First, the modules, panels or wide sections of the panel (12) are prefabricated. These modules or panels are transferred to the worksite, supported directly by columns or posts, or by other modules or panels previously placed, and are dry-connected by means of mechanical joints and application of adhesive or joint sealant. Finally, the necessary devices and pipes are placed inside the panels and the flat winding plates are completed by installing the corresponding pavers.

In some possible embodiments of the panel, which can be made of a very small number of types of simple components, a multidirectional folded, curved or undulating intermediate structure (3) is obtained by joining repeated modules. In a simpler possible embodiment, for the purposes described above, the module has the shape of a hollow and trimmed truncated pyramid-like piece or pyramid body, or a repeating combination of these shapes, as shown in fig. 3A, 3B and 3C, for example. In fig. 3A, the truncated pyramid (14) has a triangular base, in fig. 3B, the truncated pyramid (14) has a quadrangular base, and in fig. 3C, the truncated pyramid (14) has a hexagonal base. In all cases, the pyramid shape can be obtained by means of different flat members corresponding to the faces (15) of the body of the pyramid, as shown generally and schematically in fig. 4.

In the complete assembly of the panels, the faces (15) of the truncated pyramids (14) run from the flat lower strip (2) to the flat upper strip (1), said faces remaining flat and connected to the flat outer strip and, in the case of manufacture using flat elements, to each other in any known way, not necessarily in line with the one shown in fig. 4, even by means of metal plates or connectors, angle profiles, screws, tongue and groove couplings, joining by means of adhesives, etc.

For a possible embodiment in which the intermediate structure (3) comprises plates of engagement modules in the shape of truncated pyramids (14), the following elements (16) can be used: the elements (16) have a geometry that corresponds to the end of the body of the pyramid in order to facilitate the anchoring of the modules to the flat outer strips (1) and (2) in the respective connection regions or points (4) and (5). If the module in the shape of the truncated pyramid (14) is produced by joining flat elements corresponding to the faces (15) of the truncated pyramid (14), the elements (16) arranged on the ends of the body of the pyramid also serve to facilitate the connection of said flat elements, according to the illustration in fig. 4.

In a possible embodiment of the panel based on modules in the shape of truncated pyramids (14), the intermediate structure (3) is formed by joining said individual modules, which, in one of the two alternative possibilities shown in fig. 4, are arranged repeatedly in a matrix according to their specific geometry, as shown at (17), and can be facilitated by means of the described members (16). Another possibility illustrated in said figures consists in that the individual modules are repeatedly arranged, overlapped and abutted against each other in a matrix in accordance with their specific geometry, so that it is only necessary to connect these modules to the flat outer strips (1) and (2), and the modules themselves act as a mortise mechanism for coupling the modules to each other.

Fig. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D show perspective views of a preferred embodiment of the panel object of the present invention based on the module in the shape of a truncated pyramid shown in fig. 3B and 4, which serves as an integral system of a floor slab (13) for a building.

It can be seen how the thread-like elements, members or reinforcing strips (8) can be attached to the flat upper slat (1), in which case the thread-like elements, members or reinforcing strips (8) are oriented in both transverse directions and regularly spaced from each other, the thread-like elements, members or reinforcing strips (8) can also be used as means for fastening by fitting or tongue-and-groove coupling of modules of the intermediate structure (3), which in the case shown are truncated pyramids (14).

The same considerations can be made for the lower strip (2), in other words, the linear reinforcing elements, members or strips (9) can also be used to couple the lower end of the body of the pyramid to said lower strip.

Another possible form of similar embodiment for fastening the individual modules comprises: on the lower surface of the flat upper strip (1) and on the upper surface of the flat lower strip (2), a series of protuberances, textures or perforations are made, similar to that shown in fig. 5D, in respective connection areas or points (4) and (5), having a geometry conforming to that of the ends of the body of the pyramid, so that the fastening of the elements of the intermediate structure to the flat outer strip is completed by fitting.

The preferred embodiment of the board in fig. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D will be made up of a very small number of simple types of members with simple joining mechanisms, which can be made of common materials, such as gypsum board, wood fibre board, any other type of lightweight board, wood profiles, metal profiles, etc. reinforced or laminated with fibres.

Having thus described the nature of the invention in full detail and how to put it into practice, it must be noted that within the essential nature of the invention, the invention may be carried out according to other embodiments which differ in detail from the embodiment shown by way of example, and whose protection sought will be equally covered, without altering, modifying or modifying the basic principle of the invention.