阅读说明：本技术 一种电网业务图块链、数据链、业务链融合链式管理方法 (Power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain fusion chain management method ) 是由 吕珂 蒋利明 李毅 戴人杰 周江昕 刘传铨 卫思明 姚伟 于 2021-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电网业务图块链、数据链、业务链融合链式管理方法,用于对电网拓扑变更项目进行管理,包括如下步骤：步骤1,订立电网拓扑变更项目；步骤2,进行电网拓扑变更项目设计,将变更方案的精准拓扑走向电系图交由调控部门审核；步骤3,对完成审核的电网拓扑变更项目在电网模型图块链系统中进行工程任务申请以及停役任务申请；步骤4,在现场实施电网拓扑变更项目；步骤5,在现场实施完毕后,将施工前后电系变更图输入电网模型图块链系统,进行对比以及进行补充标记,完成施工前后电系变更图的绘制。本发明通过构建一种核心电网拓扑数据质量保障机制,从根本上解决企业信息系统中电网拓扑数据的问题。(The invention discloses a power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain fused chain type management method, which is used for managing power grid topology change projects and comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a power grid topology change project; step 2, designing a power grid topology change project, and submitting the accurate topology trend electrical system diagram of the change scheme to a regulation and control department for examination and control; step 3, applying engineering tasks and outage tasks to the checked power grid topology change projects in a power grid model block chain system; step 4, implementing a power grid topology change project on site; and 5, after the field implementation is finished, inputting the electric system change diagrams before and after the construction into a power grid model block chain system, comparing and carrying out supplementary marking to finish drawing the electric system change diagrams before and after the construction. According to the invention, a core power grid topological data quality guarantee mechanism is constructed, so that the problem of power grid topological data in an enterprise information system is fundamentally solved.)

1. A power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain integrated chain management method is used for managing power grid topology change projects, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, establishing a power grid topology change project;

step 2, designing a power grid topology change project in the power grid model block chain system, and submitting the 'accurate topology trend power system diagram' reflecting the power grid topology change scheme to a regulation and control department for examination;

step 3, applying engineering tasks and outage tasks to the checked power grid topology change projects in a power grid model block chain system;

step 4, implementing a power grid topology change project on site;

and 5, after the field implementation is finished, inputting the electric system change diagrams before and after construction into a power grid model block chain system, comparing the power grid topology change before and after construction, comparing the real-time situation of a power grid topology change project with the power grid topology change project design, and performing supplementary marking on the scheme comparison diagram through a graphic editing tool panel to finish drawing the electric system change diagrams before and after construction.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a power grid business block chain, data chain and business chain fused chain type management method used in the field of power grid business process management.

Background

In the past 20 years of power grid information construction, due to the basic characteristics that power grid enterprises need to operate in a distributed mode and in a centralized and integrated mode, early professional departments respectively establish own information systems and respectively manage topological information of power charging systems. Later, in order to realize cross-professional sharing of power grid information, a data interface type information exchange mechanism is established among professional information systems, and an aim is to eliminate information isolated islands and form smooth and smooth information flow among different professional systems. However, under the traditional information technology conditions, although physical information networks, database systems and the like have the possibility of enabling power grid information of different services to flow freely in an enterprise, the existing management information system cannot fuse multi-service and multi-time power system topology data into continuous and space-time unified power system topology information due to the existence of a structural short board for multi-time information processing, so that the power grid information of different time states cannot flow orderly among different service departments, and the multi-time power grid information responsible for division of work by each specialty is difficult to coordinate and play a role.

For example, professional fields directly related to power system topology information in a power grid enterprise mainly include planning design 1, engineering construction 2, operation scheduling 3, equipment operation and maintenance 4 and power supply business 5, and power system topology information mainly managed in five fields relates to different tenses: 1 and 2 relate to the "present and future tenses", 3 to the "future and current tenses", 4 to the "present and past tenses", and 5 to the "present and future tenses". The new power grid construction is developed according to the sequences of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the last link, namely power supply business, provides new user requirements for the planning design of the first link, so that the topology of the newly added power system is developed in a rolling manner repeatedly.

Obviously, the traditional power grid information technology has no uniform continuous space-time information management mechanism, so that power system topology information in different time states flows disorderly and is entangled, not only is cooperative work of different specialties not promoted, but also serious problems can be caused by information confusion of each professional information system. Thus, different departments are cautious about the "data flow" of the cross-department to ensure the data quality of the different departments.

At present, domestic power grid enterprises try to require that power system topology information management is uniformly managed by a power grid GIS system of 'equipment operation and maintenance' in the 4 th link, so that 'complete power system topology information' is formed and is used by professional information systems of the whole enterprise. As mentioned above, the construction of the newly added power grid is arranged in the order of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. That is to say, the power grid construction starts from the 1, 2 field, then the increase of the topology information of the power system should also start from the 1, 2 links, instead of being responsible for by the 4 links. The reason why the power system topology information management is responsible for the power grid GIS system is stipulated, and in addition to historical reasons, the reasonable explanation is that the more the information in the following arrangement of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is, the more the details of the information are, in terms of the complexity of the power system topology information, namely, the highest requirement is placed on the integrity of the power system topology information by the equipment operation and maintenance professional. Therefore, the pursuit of the most complete topological information of the power system becomes a technical target which is continuously realized by the power grid GIS system for many years.

However, as for the operation of a newly-built power grid, in links 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the operation of adding new topology information of the power system into the information system is different in time point: 1. 2, 3, the method is required to be completed before completion and power transmission of the newly-added power grid, and belongs to 'prior' (information is prior to real objects) operation of the newly-added power grid; and 4, the operation is basically completed after the completion and the power transmission of the newly added power grid, and the operation belongs to 'after the fact' (the real object precedes the information) operation of the newly added power grid. Therefore, the power grid GIS system in the single temporal state can only describe the topology information of the current power grid which is about to enter the past temporal state after the fact.

At present, there is a technical attempt to supplement a short board with "single-temporal" information description capability of a power grid GIS system through external timing management capability (such as "version management"), so that the short board can process multi-temporal power system topology data, and then, with the "equipment operation and maintenance" specialty with the highest requirement on the integrity of power system topology information as a core, the power grid GIS system is used to maintain the topology information of a complete power grid, and the "complete power system topology information" is shared to each business department, so that the information "orderly flow" among different departments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is realized.

However, the technical route violates the basic rule of the formation of the physical power grid, so that the problem of incomplete, inconsistent and untimely power grid information cannot be solved. The reason is two:

firstly, the 'after-the-fact' information processing operation is not suitable for the topology information processing operation of the newly added power system. From the working properties of the planning, construction and operation and dispatching departments, the newly added power system topology information is required to be processed before the construction of the entity power grid, and the improvement of the newly added power system topology is a multi-professional cooperative work object, and is not information processing work which can be independently completed by one department. Therefore, not only the equipment operation and maintenance department which takes the entity power grid as a business object cannot complete the 'prior' work according to the requirements of planning, construction and operation and dispatching, but also any single department with the 'prior' property cannot finish the task by 'single fighting'. Once the topology information of the newly added power system cannot be formed in multi-professional cooperative work, the topology information of the newly added power system inevitably becomes 'after information', and the working efficiency of the newly added power grid is directly influenced. In addition, the technical essence of the power grid GIS system is to manage the power grid graph by a map model, and the map model in the GIS technology is a 'after-the-fact' information processing scheme. Therefore, no matter in the operation and maintenance profession of the equipment or in other departments, the newly-added power system topology multi-profession cooperative work with the 'ex-fact' nature is organized by the 'ex-fact' nature GIS technology framework, which is not a correct technical route from the technical aspect, and finally a desired result cannot be obtained. It is for these reasons that the current situation is: the complete power system topology information in the power grid GIS system responsible for the equipment operation and maintenance always lags behind the actual operation requirements of planning and designing departments and operation and scheduling departments, and cannot be used as the core power system topology information for the whole enterprise.

Secondly, the external time sequence management efficiency is low, and the requirement of online processing of topology information of the newly added power system is difficult to meet. The existing power grid GIS system constructs a core map data model under a single time frame, only single temporal electrical system (network) map/module data are processed, and no information management mechanism (software) aiming at multi-temporal attributes (such as three basic temporal states of 'past', 'present' and 'future') exists in the software, so that the multi-temporal electrical system (network) map/module information related to the temporal attributes needs to be processed by 'version management' under the support of an external time sequence management technology (such as a relational database and the like). However, requesting external program support means that additional computation time overhead must be added, which means that managing the time attributes of the electrical system (network) graph/module with an external timing mechanism can significantly reduce information processing efficiency. Thus, grid GIS system management time attributes avoid excessive loss of efficiency by "time-stamping" versions "of the data (time" profile data ") in a manner that increases the time management granularity. Because the underlying technology of the version management is the external storage function of the database, the information processing speed of the version management cannot be very high, the version management system can only be used as a timing management scheme with large granularity in order to improve the operation efficiency of the system, and the defined version interval is long, so that the version management system is generally suitable for managing data objects taking days or even months as time units. When the time granularity is set too small (for example, in hours), the system operation efficiency is greatly reduced, and thus the real-time requirement of the new power-added system (network) image/module processing with fine granularity cannot be met.

Therefore, under the framework of the traditional power grid information management technology, the problem that incremental power system topology information is incomplete, inconsistent and untimely is difficult to solve, and an incremental power system topology information management mechanism conforming to the natural formation process of a power grid must be established without the support of a multi-temporal and multi-scene new technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain fused chain type management method, which fundamentally solves the problem of power grid topological data in an enterprise information system by constructing a core power grid topological data quality guarantee mechanism, so that a power grid enterprise can recombine basic service processes according to the natural logic of power grid construction and operation under the construction background of an intelligent power grid, fuse and connect various service links from the information transfer level, and effectively cooperate the upper-level strip block management at the basic level, thereby improving the quality and the efficiency of enterprise operation and creating greater value.

One technical scheme for achieving the above purpose is as follows: a power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain integrated chain management method is used for managing power grid topology change projects and comprises the following steps:

step 1, establishing a power grid topology change project;

step 2, designing a power grid topology change project in the power grid model block chain system, and submitting the 'accurate topology trend power system diagram' reflecting the power grid topology change scheme to a regulation and control department for examination;

step 3, applying engineering tasks and outage tasks to the checked power grid topology change projects in a power grid model block chain system;

step 4, implementing a power grid topology change project on site;

and 5, after the field implementation is finished, inputting the electric system change diagrams before and after construction into a power grid model block chain system, comparing the power grid topology change before and after construction, comparing the real-time situation of a power grid topology change project with the power grid topology change project design, and performing supplementary marking on the scheme comparison diagram through a graphic editing tool panel to finish drawing the electric system change diagrams before and after construction.

The accurate topological trend electrical system diagram refers to a topological trend diagram which is guaranteed by a refining and accurate strategy and has accurate topological data of an electrical system in the process of constructing the power grid model EG. The graph is issued to the whole enterprise after being examined and approved by a regulation and control department, is accurate, unique and legal power grid core data, and is a quality anchor of power grid model data of the whole enterprise, so that a traditional power grid information system is originally in an anchor-free state and distributed in power grid model data entry operation of each business link, and has a verification standard of the quality of the anchor. The project of the entity power grid topology change implemented by the invention must follow the forming rule of ' virtual before real ' digital assets ' before the actual construction is started, firstly, the ' precise topology trend electric system diagram ' reflecting the power grid topology change scheme is audited by a regulation and control department, and after the project is finished and before the actual operation and power transmission, the scheduling specialty confirms that the updating operation of the electric system diagram is consistent with the current situation power grid by 100 percent, thereby avoiding two skin phenomena of ' management ' and ' actual operation ' common in the traditional power grid information system. The anchoring type modeling is based on multi-temporal and multi-scene information management technology, a power grid data entry mechanism with space-time trace retention capacity is integrated into a business process, and emphasizes that in the whole business process, each item of data is directly recorded into a system at the generation position and the time point of the data by business workers, and is not recorded by other data personnel after the fact, so that the actual power grid business process and the data acquisition process are completely overlapped and consistent, and the accurate topological trend electrical system diagram can be ensured to be recorded into a computer information space in real time from the moment when the accurate topological trend electrical system diagram is still in the concept of human brain, and becomes a digital asset which is synchronously formed along with project progress and can ensure the accurate, comprehensive and consistent real-time reflection of the entity power grid state. The 'after-the-fact' digital delivery work when the project is finished in the traditional power grid information technology is changed into an on-line 'digital asset twin process' which is started before the project is started and is accompanied with the whole project implementation, and the modern management target of 'using digital assets to promote the fine management of physical assets' is realized.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description is made by specific examples:

the invention discloses a power grid service block chain, data chain and service chain integrated chain management method, which is used for managing power grid topology change projects and comprises the following steps:

step 1, establishing a power grid topology change project;

step 2, designing a power grid topology change project in the power grid model block chain system, and submitting the 'accurate topology trend power system diagram' reflecting the power grid topology change scheme to a regulation and control department for examination;

step 3, applying engineering tasks and outage tasks to the checked power grid topology change projects in a power grid model block chain system;

step 4, implementing a power grid topology change project on site;

and 5, after the field implementation is finished, inputting the electric system change diagrams before and after construction into a power grid model block chain system, comparing the power grid topology change before and after construction, comparing the real-time situation of a power grid topology change project with the power grid topology change project design, and performing supplementary marking on the scheme comparison diagram through a graphic editing tool panel to finish drawing the electric system change diagrams before and after construction.

In summary, the general principle of the "anchored" modeling strategy is that, for a project related to the topology change of an entity power grid, before the actual construction is started, the forming rule of "virtual-first-then-real" digital assets "must be followed, an" accurate topology trend power system diagram "reflecting the topology change scheme of the power grid is checked by a regulation and control department, after the project is completed and before the project is actually put into operation and power transmission, a scheduling professional confirms that the updating operation of the power system diagram is 100% consistent with the current power grid, and two skin phenomena of" management "and" actual operation "are avoided. Anchoring type modeling is based on multi-temporal and multi-scene informationThe management technology is characterized in that a power grid data entry mechanism with space-time trace retention capacity is integrated into a business process, and emphasizes that in the whole business process, each item of data is directly recorded into a system at the generation position and the time point of the data by business workers, and is not recorded by other data workers after the fact, so that the actual power grid business process and the data acquisition process are completely overlapped and consistent, and T is ensured_SPIn the actual business link, EG capable of recording computer information space in real time from the time when the EG is still in the concept of human brain_SPTAnd becomes a power grid 'digital asset' synchronously formed along with the progress of projects. The 'after the fact' digital delivery work when the project is finished is changed into an on-line 'digital asset twin process' which is carried out along with the whole project from the beginning of the project, and the modern management target of 'promoting the fine management of physical assets by digital assets' is realized. The construction of the 'precise topological trend electrical system diagram' is the core work content of the 'digital asset twin process'. T is_SPThe method is not only the target of the 'digital asset twin process', but also a management means. In the anchoring modeling process, the target and means are better unified.

The "data chain" referred to in the present invention has two layers of meaning. The first layer is the "anchored" modeling work chain. I.e. in EG_SPTUnder the support of the graph model engine, under the drive of a business chain, all business links (such as planning, designing, constructing, marketing, regulating, operating and maintaining, customer service and the like) surround an accurate topological trend electric system graph T in a collaborative operation mode (including serial collaboration in the same project and parallel collaboration across projects) in a multi-temporal and multi-scene environment_SPComplete EG_SPTThe operation process of modeling and related data entry is also a 'digital asset twin process' corresponding to the project. The job chain records all data operation information (including data iteration operation) of each link. The second layer means the "digitized asset" chain of work of the "anchored" modeling work chain. One ring in the chain corresponds to one business link, and the ' digital asset ' result finished in the link has independent space-time position in the four-dimensional data space-time managed by the ' graph model engineThe content includes a "precise topological trend electrical system diagram" T_SPAnd corresponding support data. Except for the completed "digitized asset" achievement T_SPBesides, T is also included in the link_SPInformation of iterative evolution process over the air in four-dimensional data.

The biggest difference between the data chain of the invention and the traditional informatization data chain is that each specialty in the data chain of the invention independently processes the accurate topology trend electrical system diagram T in charge of each specialty_SPBut these are at different stages of the life cycle (different tenses)_SPDifferent tenses T which do not exist in a 'data chain' in isolation and are independently processed by all professional links_SPAnd corresponding auxiliary data are tightly coupled, and the 'graph model engine' is responsible for independent T of each link_SPAnd the management of the spatio-temporal evolution of auxiliary data, so that data transmission operation is not needed among different operation links, and the power grid modeling operation of each professional post only needs to be concentrated on the professional data quality guarantee. In a multi-temporal and multi-scene collaborative working environment, the data chain strengthens post responsibility by a whole-process operation trace-keeping mechanism and restricts the on-site and instant entry system of data operation of each post, so that each service worker on the data maintenance chain is a professional post ' digitized asset entry worker ' and is a digitized asset hygienist ' of the post at the same time, and the T is finished_SPAnd when data modeling is carried out, cleaning up junk data to finish T_SPSupport the digital submission of data to ensure that the subsequent operation or the related professional operation supplements and perfects the support data into EG according to the specification_SPTAmong them, a complete project "digitized asset" is formed.

The "chain of blocks" in the present invention also has a dual meaning. The first layer is the "" precise topology trend electrical system "" T "" corresponding to the modeling operation chain of "" data chain ""_SPThe interface "chain of tiles" is modeled. I.e. in EG_SPTUnder the support of the graph model engine, under the drive of a service chain, each service link (such as planning, designing, constructing, marketing, regulating, operating and maintaining, customer service and the like) is driven by the T dedicated by each link_SPGraphs obtained as seen on the modeling interfaceForm editing mode completion T_SPModeling and related data entry operations. The second layer is defined as "anchored" EG_SPTThe modeling results "tile chains" formed in the modeling job. After each professional link finishes the operation of own data chain, the accurate topological trend electrical system diagram T which is modeled by the link is obtained_SPResults T generated by each link_SPAnd with T_SPCorresponding to the data table, the series of T_SPForming a "chain of blocks". For example, in the new power grid planning and construction process, the 'block chain' is a newly added power grid model EG corresponding to a 'data chain' running through the 'whole process of planning, construction and operation' business_SPTA series of generated accurate topological trend electrical system diagrams T with different tenses_SPT of each business link_SPThe ' picture blocks ' correspond to seven business activities such as planning, design, construction, marketing, regulation, operation and maintenance, customer service and the like, and each ' picture block ' describes a ' precise topological trend electric system diagram ' T ' of a newly-added physical power grid_SPAnd the corresponding device attribute core data, the content of which is from virtual to real and from coarse to fine. The 'planning, building and transporting block chain' starts from planning 'blocks' to regulating 'blocks' and finally is confirmed by scheduling audit for transmitting power to clients, and T_SPDirectly enters an SCADA system to realize that one blueprint is drawn to the bottom.

The 'business chain' of the invention is a business process management architecture of 'anchored' modeling work. Namely, the actual power grid construction project professional department is driven to move around the 'precise topology trend electric system diagram' T_SPAnd various links of the whole business process are transversely communicated and cooperated to operate, and the technical management support framework for integrating operation, distribution and dispatching is realized.

As the power grid enterprise adopts the quasi-affair administration for enhancing the control capability of the headquarters, the operation of the enterprise business is focused on the vertical management of the longitudinal lines, and the centralized operation is enhanced. However, for the basic level unit, the specific business work is not simply generated and finished according to the specialization, and often needs to be completed through the cooperation of a plurality of specializations, so that in the actual production operation, the planning, design, construction, marketing, regulation, operation and maintenance, customer service and the like need to be performed through business combinationThe operation links are effectively fused together, so that the enterprise management process requirement of longitudinal transmission is embodied in a basic service operation program which is transversely communicated. Albeit in EG_SPTAll the business departments can move around the accurate topological trend electric system diagram T under the support of the graph model engine_SPThe cooperative work is developed, but from the organization and management perspective of business activities, an operation driving and monitoring architecture based on a 'workflow technology' is also needed, and the 'business chain' plays a role.

Each actual power grid construction project corresponds to a service chain. The 'business chain' defines the business flow and the business node control rule of the actual power grid construction project, and the following functions are realized in the whole project period process from the project planning of establishing one direct current to the completion of power connection and delivery of operation:

1. according to the service link responsibility post defined in the control rule, directionally pushing the node service to the staff at the relevant post to handle the task;

2. recording the planned progress and the actual progress of the monitoring project at each service node in the whole process, carrying out progress overdue early warning on each node of each project according to the 'power connection' (power transmission) assessment time limit set by the control rule, and simultaneously providing deferred application and approval management for dealing with the actual condition change of the engineering project;

3. driving 'precise topology trend electrical system diagram' T in all business links by node handover signals_SPData and related service data are circulated in a 'baton' form. Generating node business correspondence T according to operation rules of graphics (electrical system diagram-construction diagram) and business data (business handling voucher, CAD drawing, budget and material list) predefined in business chain flow_SPAnd related service data, ensure the project to accurately compile the power supply scheme in the planning inquiry stage_SP(power system change diagram) implementation to construction T_SPEnsuring completion of project_SPThe 'precise topology trend electric system diagram' T of the regulation department is realized through digital delivery_SPAnd realizing that one blueprint is drawn to the bottom.

Taking the newly added power grid construction project as an example, during the existence period of the service chainThe grid increment involved progresses with the business by T_SPThe 'block chain' is a data maintenance interface, is continuously enriched through 'data chain' operation, and generates a modeling result T after each operation link finishes a task_SPAnd each link is responsible for checking the consistency with field data and is finally in seamless connection with a scheduling system. After the project is completed and the digitalized submission is completed, reflecting the 'precise topological trend electrical system diagram' T of the incremental data of the power grid_SPThe scheduling confirmation is issued to the enterprise-wide service system, the power transmission plan is determined and executed, and the project power grid T is newly added_SPThe topology and the running state of the grid are comprehensively controlled by a dispatching system, and corresponding changes are automatically synchronized into the power system topology model of other service information systems under the support of a cross-domain cooperative working environment provided by a graph-mode engine, so that the 100% synchronization of the digital grid and the physical grid is ensured.

In the invention, the data chain, the block chain and the service chain are not three isolated chains, and actually, the three chains are three analytic sides of a complete chain management mode, the three-chain management is an expression, and the three-chain fusion is essential. Through three-chain fusion, a planning project, an investment plan and a power failure outage plan can be summarized and optimized from a time-space analysis level, the operation, distribution and dispatching of a planning and design link can be communicated in advance, the graph module of a dispatching and releasing link can be communicated in straight, and the operation, distribution and dispatching of a formal power transmission link can be communicated in full in the whole power grid incremental service management, the power grid enterprise management change is comprehensively promoted, a quasi-business part mode of top layer division and vertical bottom is changed into a chain management mode of tail end fusion and transverse communication in a basic layer, massive power grid data are organized and managed according to a service chain, the traditional mode that departments manage professional data relatively and independently is closed is broken through, and authority of the regulation and control specialty is directly radiated to other service departments. I.e. EG controlled by the scheduling department_SPTThe accuracy and the integrity in the aspects of the topology and the nameplate of the power system are realized, and the information is timely released to other business departments; other departments cannot change the 'accurate topology trend electrical system diagram' T issued by scheduling_SPData, but can optionally associate its own traffic data as needed to support faciesAnd (4) processing the corresponding service. This means that the scheduling OMS system should use the same "graph-model engine" to operate and maintain the EG_SPTTherefore, the system can efficiently cooperate with other business systems on line, provides the minimum data synchronous granularity of a primitive level, and does not need CIM/SVG model conversion. And (3) realizing the communication between each two secondary domains in the project domain in the SG-CIM: based on EG_SPTThe communication between the project domain and the power grid domain, between the asset domain and the customer domain is realized, and the data, the power grid, the graph and the service are really realized. On the basis, the dispatching department can also obtain other professions based on the 'precise topology trend electrical system diagram' T through other business systems_SPThe power grid analysis and calculation results, such as power supply reliability, load analysis, load transfer, contact analysis, distributed energy access, power grid simulation and the like, achieve the management and control target of rigid execution of power failure and outage of a production plan.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are provided merely for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention so long as it is within the true spirit and scope of the invention.