阅读说明：本技术 一种根据多变量的信号最优占空比计算方法 (Signal optimal duty ratio calculation method according to multiple variables ) 是由 沈娜 余延浩 张祥金 周鹏 李文涛 邓雪薇 刘仕林 华抟 郭竞杰 于 2021-06-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于数据传输领域,具体涉及一种根据多变量的信号最优占空比计算方法。包括如下步骤：(1)：需要对传输线缆进行建模；(2)：对传输系统电路进行建模；(3)：推导线缆Ⅰ对线缆Ⅱ产生的分布电容；(4)：推导线缆Ⅰ对金属平板产生的分布电容；(5)：推导信号被判决为低电平的临界时间；(6)：推导信号最优占空比与相关变量之间的关系。该方法能够使得以占空比方式传输系统拥有高灵活性；能够使以占空比方式传输系统面对复杂环境拥有高可靠性；能够使得传输系统在不同线缆长度、不同使用环境以及不同负载情况下获得最优的信号占空比,进而保证信号传输准确性。(The invention belongs to the field of data transmission, and particularly relates to a signal optimal duty ratio calculation method according to multiple variables. The method comprises the following steps: (1): the transmission cable needs to be modeled; (2): modeling a transmission system circuit; (3): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the cable II; (4): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the metal flat plate; (5): deriving a critical time for which the signal is decided to be low; (6): and deriving the relation between the optimal duty ratio of the signal and the related variable. The method can ensure that the transmission system in a duty ratio mode has high flexibility; the duty ratio mode transmission system can have high reliability in the complex environment; the transmission system can obtain the optimal signal duty ratio under the conditions of different cable lengths, different use environments and different loads, and further the signal transmission accuracy is ensured.)

1. a signal optimal duty ratio calculation method based on multivariable is characterized by being used for carrier-borne ammunition and comprising the following steps:

step (1): the transmission cables need to be modeled to obtain a distributed capacitance model among the transmission cables and a distributed capacitance model formed by the transmission cables and the surrounding environment regarded as a metal flat plate;

step (2): modeling a transmission system circuit;

and (3): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the cable II;

and (4): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the metal flat plate;

and (5): deriving a critical time for which the signal is decided to be low;

and (6): and deriving the relation between the optimal duty ratio of the signal and the related variable.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (1) of modeling the transmission line cable comprises in particular the steps of:

modeling the actual placement position of a transmission cable, wherein the preset use environment of the transmission system is located inside a surface naval vessel and comprises a transmission cable I and a receiving cable II;

regarding a plane contacted by a cable on a naval vessel as an infinite metal flat plate;

the length of the transmission cable I and the length of the receiving cable II are both L, the distance between the two cables is D, and the radius of the cables is R; the distance between the transmission cable I and the metal flat plate is d.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (2) of modeling the transmission system circuitry comprises in particular the steps of:

step (21): for the input end of the transmission system, the input end is equivalent to an input resistor R₁And an input capacitor C₁；

Step (22): for the cable transmission part of the transmission system, the internal resistance of the transmission cable I is denoted as R₂And the internal resistance of the receiving cable II is recorded as R₃；

Step (23): modeling distributed capacitance generated by the butt joint of the transmission cable I and the receiving cable II; because cable I is the transmission signal cable, so cable I can produce induction capacitance to cable II at the in-process that carries out data transmission, and cable I marks C to the distributed capacitance that cable II produced₂；

Step (24): modeling distributed capacitance generated by a cable I on a metal flat plate; because cable I is the transmission signal cable, so cable I can produce induction capacitance to the metal flat plate at the in-process that carries out data transmission, and cable I marks C to the distributed capacitance that infinite metal flat plate produced₃；

Step (25): for the output end of the transmission system, the output end is equivalent to an output resistor R₄And an output capacitor C₄。

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step (3) of deriving the distributed capacitance generated by cable I to cable II comprises the steps of:

step (31): deducing capacitance value c per unit length in distributed capacitance generated by cable I to cable II₀(ii) a The capacitance value c of the unit length generated by the cable I to the cable II can be obtained by calculating by using a cylindrical capacitor calculation formula and the dielectric constant of the medium is epsilon₀Comprises the following steps:

step (32): deducing when the cable length is Delta L_iThe capacitance c generated by the cable I to the cable II_i(ii) a Since the cables I and II are not placed in parallel, it is necessary to find the distance D between the cables I and II_iAnd the length of the section of cable is Delta L_iDistributed capacitance value c of_i：

Step (33): deducing distributed capacitance C generated by cable I to cable II₂(ii) a When the cable length is Delta L_iWhen the capacitance value of the cable I to the cable II is c_iThen, it can be deduced that, for example, the length of each segment is Δ L by equally dividing the cable into n equal parts_iAnd the distance between the cables corresponding to each length of the section is D_iThen the capacitance C is distributed₂Comprises the following steps:

that is:

step (34): deducing the statistically distributed capacitance C generated by cable 1 to cable 2₂(ii) a Suppose a distance D between cable I and cable II_iSubject to a normal distribution, i.e. D_i～N(E，δ²) Let D be_maxIs the maximum distance between cable I and cable II, D_minIs the minimum distance; the mathematical expectation E of the distance between the two cables is then:

so that the distributed capacitance C generated when the distance between the cable I and the cable II is expected to be E can be obtained₂：

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step (4) of deriving the distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the metal plate comprises the steps of:

deducing distributed capacitance C generated by cable I to metal flat plate₃(ii) a The equivalent of the cable I and the infinite metal flat plate is regarded as a flat plate capacitor with the length of L and the width of 2R, and according to the capacitance formula of the parallel plate capacitor:

wherein S is the area of the plate capacitor, d is the distance between the plate capacitors, namely the distance between the cable I and the metal plate; push out distributed capacitance C that cable I produced to metal flat promptly₃：

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step (5) of deriving the critical time for the signal to be determined to be low comprises the steps of:

step (51): and (3) deriving a total capacitance value C of the whole transmission system:

C＝C₁+C₂+C₃+C₄

wherein, C₁For the input part of the transmission system, C₂Distributed capacitance, C, generated for cable I to cable II₃Distributed capacitance, C, for cable I to metal plate₄Outputting part of equivalent capacitance for the transmission system;

step (52): deducing the total resistance value of the whole transmission system; assuming that the cable I and the cable II are transmission lines with the same material and the same thickness, the resistance value per unit length is R₀Then, the resistances of the two cables with the same length L are:

R₂＝R₃＝R₀L

the resistance of the entire transmission system is therefore:

R＝R₁+R₄+2R₀L

wherein R is₁For the input part of the overall transmission system, R₄Outputting part of equivalent resistance for the transmission system;

step (53): deriving output voltage V and input voltage V in a transmission system₀The relation between; according to the expression of the output voltage of a first-order RC circuit, V₀Is the initial signal voltage, the formula of the change of the voltage V of the output end along with t can be obtained:

wherein R is total resistance of the transmission system, C is total capacitance of the transmission system, and t is time;

step (54): deducing that the initial voltage starts from 0 moment and falls to be judgedDependent on the critical time t required for the low-level signal₁(ii) a Assume that the decision conditions of the decoding system for low level signals are: when the signal intensity is reduced to μ V₀Is judged as a "0" signal, i.e. at t₁At that time, the voltage value of the received signal is reduced to μ V₀(ii) a Thus, it can be derived:

substituting the expression of R and C to obtain:

then the logarithm is taken on both sides, and the reduction to μ V can be obtained₀Required time t₁：

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step (6) derives the relationship between the optimal duty cycle of the signal and the correlation variable as follows:

suppose that: the Baud rate of data transmission is B, and the voltage decision point isAt that moment, the optimum duty cycle Z of the "0" signal₀Comprises the following steps:

substitution into t₁The optimal duty cycle of the "0" signal is given by:

the optimum duty cycle Z of the "1" signal₁Comprises the following steps:

Z₁＝(1-Z₀)*100％。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of data transmission, and particularly relates to a signal optimal duty ratio calculation method according to multiple variables.

Background

At present, there are many transmission systems using a signal duty ratio method for transmission, but most of them set the duty ratio of a signal based on a certain length of cable and a certain external environment, and most of them set the duty ratio based on experience or a lot of experiments, and there is no theoretical basis, so the reliability is questionable. Some signals even adopt default signal duty ratios, for example, the signal "1" is represented by a high level accounting for 70%, and the signal "0" is represented by a high level accounting for 30%, so that the fixed duty ratio limits the transmission rate, limits the magnitudes of the impedance and the capacitive reactance value of the load, and limits the diversity of the system, especially when facing more and more complicated loads, if the optimal duty ratio of the signal cannot be well selected, and various environments which may appear in reality can be flexibly met, the signal transmission error can be finally caused, and finally the whole system fails.

In the experiment or simulation process, if the fixed signal duty ratio is adopted for signal transmission, the falling edge of a signal is slowly reduced because distributed capacitance is generated between transmission cables or between the cables and the surrounding environment, error codes are caused when voltage judgment is carried out, and finally signal transmission errors are caused. If in the process of setting the naval vessel ammunition, the transmission error of the setting information occurs, the cannonball is not launched to a preset airspace and cannot be intercepted in the air, and the result is not imaginable.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for changing the duty ratio of a signal according to the length of a transmission cable, the environment of a system and the specific circuit parameters of the transmission system, so as to obtain the optimal duty ratio of the signal for the circuits with different lengths, different environments and different load parameters of the cable with different lengths.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a signal optimal duty ratio calculation method based on multivariable is used for a ship-borne ammunition mounted transmission system and comprises the following steps:

step (1): modeling transmission cables is required to obtain a distributed capacitance model among the transmission cables and a distributed capacitance model formed by the transmission cables and the surrounding environment;

step (2): modeling a transmission system circuit;

and (3): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the cable II;

and (4): deducing distributed capacitance generated by the cable I to the metal flat plate;

and (5): deriving a critical time for which the signal is decided to be low;

and (6): and deriving the relation between the optimal duty ratio of the signal and the related variable.

Further, the step (1) of modeling the transmission cable specifically comprises the following steps:

modeling the actual placement position of a transmission cable, wherein the preset use environment of the transmission system is located inside a surface naval vessel and comprises a transmission cable I and a receiving cable II;

regarding a plane contacted by a cable on a naval vessel as an infinite metal flat plate;

the length of the transmission cable I and the length of the receiving cable II are both L, and the radius of the cables is both R; the distance between the transmission cable I and the metal flat plate is d.

Further, the step (2) of modeling the transmission system circuit specifically includes the following steps:

step (21): for the input end of the transmission system, the input end is equivalent to an input resistor R₁And an input capacitor C₁；

Step (22): for the cable transmission part of the transmission system, the internal resistance of the transmission cable I is denoted as R₂And the internal resistance of the receiving cable II is recorded as R₃；

Step (23):modeling distributed capacitance generated by the butt joint of the transmission cable I and the receiving cable II; because cable I is the transmission signal cable, so cable I can produce induction capacitance to cable II at the in-process that carries out data transmission, and cable I marks C to the distributed capacitance that cable II produced₂；

Step (24): modeling distributed capacitance generated by a cable I on a metal flat plate; because cable I is the transmission signal cable, so cable I can produce induction capacitance to the metal flat plate at the in-process that carries out data transmission, and cable I marks C to the distributed capacitance that infinite metal flat plate produced₃；

Step (25): for the output end of the transmission system, the output end is equivalent to an output resistor R₄And an output capacitor C₄。

Further, the step (3) of deriving the distributed capacitance generated by the cable i to the cable ii specifically includes the following steps:

step (31): deducing capacitance value c per unit length in distributed capacitance generated by cable I to cable II₀(ii) a The capacitance value c of the unit length generated by the cable I to the cable II can be obtained by calculating by using a cylindrical capacitor calculation formula and the dielectric constant of the medium is epsilon₀Comprises the following steps:

step (32): deducing when the cable length is Delta L_iThe capacitance c generated by the cable I to the cable II_i(ii) a Since the cables I and II are not placed in parallel, it is necessary to find the distance D between the cables I and II_iAnd the length of the section of cable is Delta L_iDistributed capacitance value c of_i：

Step (33): deducing distributed capacitance C generated by cable I to cable II₂(ii) a When the cable length is Delta L_iWhen the capacitance value of the cable I to the cable II is c_iThen, it can be deduced that, for example, the length of each segment is Δ L by equally dividing the cable into n equal parts_iAnd the distance between the cables corresponding to each length of the section is D_iThen the capacitance C is distributed₂Comprises the following steps:

that is:

step (34): deducing the statistically distributed capacitance C generated by cable 1 to cable 2₂(ii) a Suppose a distance D between cable I and cable II_iObeying a normal distribution, i.e. Di to N (E, delta)²) Let D be_maxIs the maximum distance between cable I and cable II, D_minIs the minimum distance; the mathematical expectation E of the distance between the two cables is then:

so that the distributed capacitance C generated when the distance between the cable I and the cable II is expected to be E can be obtained₂：

Further, the step (4) of deriving the distributed capacitance generated by the cable i to the metal plate specifically includes the following steps:

deducing distributed capacitance C generated by cable I to metal flat plate₃(ii) a The equivalent of the cable I and the infinite metal flat plate is regarded as a flat plate capacitor with the length of L and the width of 2R, and according to the capacitance formula of the parallel plate capacitor:

wherein S is the area of the plate capacitor, d is the distance between the plate capacitors, namely the distance between the cable I and the metal plate; push out distributed capacitance C that cable I produced to metal flat promptly₃：

Further, the step (5) of deriving the critical time when the signal is determined to be at the low level specifically includes the following steps:

step (51): and (3) deriving a total capacitance value C of the whole transmission system:

C＝C₁+C₂+C₃+C₄

wherein, C₁For the input part of the transmission system, C₂Distributed capacitance, C, generated for cable I to cable II₃Distributed capacitance, C, for cable I to metal plate₄Outputting part of equivalent capacitance for the transmission system;

step (52): deducing the total resistance value of the whole transmission system; assuming that the cable I and the cable II are transmission lines with the same material and the same thickness, the resistance value per unit length is R₀Then, the resistances of the two cables with the same length L are:

R₂＝R₃＝R₀L

the resistance of the entire transmission system is therefore:

R＝R₁+R₄+2R₀L

wherein R is₁For the input part of the overall transmission system, R₄Outputting part of equivalent resistance for the transmission system;

step (53): deriving output voltage V and input voltage V in a transmission system₀The relation between; according to the expression of the output voltage of a first-order RC circuit, V₀Is the initial signal voltage from which the output can be derivedFormula of terminal voltage V changing with t:

wherein R is total resistance of the transmission system, C is total capacitance of the transmission system, and t is time;

step (54): deducing the critical time t required for the initial voltage to drop to be judged as a low-level signal from the 0 moment₁(ii) a Assume that the decision conditions of the decoding system for low level signals are: when the signal intensity is reduced to μ V₀Is judged as a "0" signal, i.e. at t₁At that time, the voltage value of the received signal is reduced to μ V₀(ii) a Thus, it can be derived:

substituting the expression of R and C to obtain:

then the logarithm is taken on both sides, and the reduction to μ V can be obtained₀Required time t₁：

Further, the step (6) derives the relationship between the optimal duty ratio of the signal and the related variable, which is as follows:

suppose that: the Baud rate of data transmission is B, and the voltage decision point isAt that moment, the optimum duty cycle Z of the "0" signal₀Comprises the following steps:

substitution into t₁The optimal duty cycle of the "0" signal is given by:

the optimum duty cycle Z of the "1" signal₁Comprises the following steps:

Z₁＝(1-Z₀)*100％

compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:

the method can ensure that the transmission system in a duty ratio mode has high flexibility; the duty ratio mode transmission system can have high reliability in the complex environment; the transmission system can obtain the optimal signal duty ratio under the conditions of different cable lengths, different use environments and different loads, and further the signal transmission accuracy is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a calculation method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a duty cycle transmission scheme of the present invention; in the figure, (a) is a representation of a "0" signal in the transmission scheme, and (b) is a representation of a "1" signal in the transmission scheme.

FIG. 3 is a plot of the output of a truncated "1" signal during simulation.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of modeling a transmission cable according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of two cables of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of modeling a transmission system circuit model.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of the optimal duty cycle of a signal; in which (a) is a calculation pattern diagram of the time required for the signal to be decided as a "0" signal, and (b) is a calculation pattern diagram of the optimum duty ratio of the "0" signal.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention. S101, modeling transmission cables to obtain a distributed capacitance model among the transmission cables and a distributed capacitance model formed by the transmission cables and the surrounding environment; s102, modeling a transmission system circuit, and converting the engineering problem into a specific parameter study by theorizing; s103, deriving the distributed capacitance generated by the cable 1 to the cable 2; s104, deriving the distributed capacitance generated by the cable 1 to the metal flat plate 3; s105, deducing the critical time of the signal judged as low level; and S106, outputting the optimal duty ratio of the signal.

Fig. 2 shows a "0" signal and a "1" signal in the duty transmission mode. In the process of transmitting data, assuming that the transmission baud rate is 9600b/s, it means that 9600 bits of "0" or "1" need to be transmitted every second, that is, the time required for each bit of data is 1/9600 s. The duty ratio transmission mode receiving end signal discrimination mode is as follows: when the judgment signal of the receiving end samples the output voltage, the sampled high level signal is a '1' signal, and the low level signal is a '0' signal. Therefore, on the time-occupied level, the larger the difference between the occupied times of the two signals is, the larger the resolution of the two signals is, and the more reliable the result is. However, if the high level ratio of the "0" signal is 0 and the high level ratio of the "1" signal is 100%, it may cause a decision error once there is an interference signal during the transmission of the "0" signal, so that it is required that the high levels of both signals occupy as much time as possible in this aspect. In conclusion, the problem of the need to determine the optimal duty cycle of the signal arises. The duty cycle of the "1" signal shown in FIG. 2 is Z₁The duty ratio of the '0' signal is Z₀。

FIG. 3 is a plot of the "0" signal output taken during simulation. Comparing fig. 2 and fig. 3, it is obvious that the falling edge of the signal in fig. 3 does not become "0" instantaneously as in the ideal state of fig. 2, but falls slowly. If the decision voltage at this time appears, it may happen that the "0" signal is decided as the "1" signal, eventually causing a decoding error at the receiving end. To prevent similar situations from occurring, the present invention models the engineering problem.

Fig. 4 is a modeling of a transmission cable. The cables 1 and 2 are shown as two transmission cables, and the flat metal plate 3 represents the environment in which the cables are located, and can be seen as an infinite flat metal plate. The length of the cables 1 and 2 is DeltaL_iAt a distance D between them_iIt can be seen that the two are not equidistant, because in a real usage scenario, the non-parallel portions of the cable must be considered, so that in calculating the distributed capacitance, a statistical calculation is required.

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of two cables, cable 1 and cable 2 both having a radius R and being separated by a distance D_i。

Fig. 6 models the circuit model of the transmission system. In the modeling of FIG. 6, the first part is the input part (shown as a setter) with input resistance R₁And an input capacitance C₁(ii) a The second part is the transmission part of the cable, in which there is the resistance R of the cable₂，R₃Distributed capacitance C between two lines formed by cable 1 to cable 2₂And the distributed capacitance C formed by the cable 1 to the metal plate 3₃(ii) a The third part is the output part (shown as a fuse) with an output resistor R₄And an output capacitor C₄。

For the contents of fig. 4, 5 and 6, formula derivation is performed to obtain that the falling time of the output signal from the time point "0" is related to the cable length, the dielectric constant, the input resistance, the capacitance, the output resistance, the capacitance and other factors; and further deducing a signal optimal duty ratio formula under certain conditions.

Step 1: as shown in fig. 4, since the distance D between the cables 1 and 2 is much greater than the radius R of the cables themselves, i.e. D>>R, again because the cable length L is much greater than the distance D between the cables, i.e. L>>D, so the calculation can be done using a cylindrical capacitor calculation formula. The dielectric constant of the medium is epsilon, and the capacitance value c of unit length generated by the cable 1 to the cable 2 can be obtained₀Comprises the following steps:

step 2: deducing the equivalent length as Delta L_iThe capacitance c generated by the cable 1 to the cable 2_i. As shown in FIG. 4, since the wires 1 and 2 are not disposed in parallel, it is required to find that when the distance between the wires 1 and 2 is D_iAnd the length of the section of cable is Delta L_iDistributed capacitance value c of_i：

And step 3: deriving the distributed capacitance C generated by the cable 1 to the cable 2₂. When the cable length is Delta L_iThe distributed capacitance value generated by the cable 1 to the cable 2 is c_iThen, it can be deduced that, for example, the length of each segment is Δ L by equally dividing the cable into n equal parts_iAnd the distance between the cables corresponding to each length of the section is D_iThen the capacitance C is distributed₂Comprises the following steps:

that is:

and 4, step 4: deducing the statistically distributed capacitance C generated by cable 1 to cable 2₂. Since the placement of the cables on the vessel is not strictly perfectly parallel, it is assumed that the distance D between the cables 1 and 2 is_iSubject to a normal distribution, i.e. D_i～N(E，δ²) Let D be_maxIs the maximum distance between the cables 1 and 2, D_minIs the minimum distance. The mathematical expectation E of the distance between the two cables is then:

so that the distributed capacitance C generated when the distance between the wires 1 and 2 is desired to be E can be obtained₂:

And 5: deducing the distributed capacitance C generated by the cable 1 to the metal plane 3₃. As shown in fig. 4, the cable 1 and the infinite metal plate 3 can be regarded as a plate capacitor with a length L and a width 2R approximately equivalently, according to the capacitance formula of the parallel plate capacitor:

wherein S is the area of the plate capacitor; d is the distance between the plate capacitors, i.e. here the distance between the cable 1 and the metal plate 3. Namely, the distributed capacitance C generated by the cable 1 to the metal flat plate 3 can be derived₃：

Step 6: and (3) deriving a total capacitance value C of the whole transmission system:

C＝C₁+C₂+C₃+C₄

wherein, C₁For the input part of the transmission system, C₂Distributed capacitance, C, generated for cable 1 to cable 2₃Distributed capacitance, C, generated for the cable 1 to the metal plate 3₄The equivalent capacitance of the output part of the transmission system.

And 7: the total value of the resistance of the whole transmission system is deduced. Assuming that the cable 1 and the cable 2 are transmission lines of the same material and thickness, the resistance value per unit length is R₀Then, the resistances of the two cables with the same length L are:

R₂＝R₃＝R₀L

the resistance of the entire transmission system is therefore:

R＝R₁+R₄+2R₀L

wherein R is₁For the input part of the overall transmission system, R₄The equivalent resistance of the output part of the transmission system.

And 8: deriving output voltage V and input voltage V in a transmission system₀The relation between them. As shown in FIG. 6, V is the output voltage expression of the first order RC circuit₀Is the initial signal voltage, the formula of the change of the voltage V of the output end along with t can be obtained:

wherein R is the total resistance of the transmission system, C is the total capacitance of the transmission system, and t is time.

And step 9: deducing the critical time t required for the initial voltage to drop to be judged as a low-level signal from the 0 moment₁. As shown in fig. 7(a), it is assumed that the decision conditions of the decoding system for low level signals are: when the signal intensity is reduced to μ V₀Is judged as a "0" signal, i.e. at t₁At that time, the voltage value of the received signal is reduced to μ V₀. From the above description, it follows that:

substituting the expression of R and C to obtain:

then the logarithm is taken on both sides, and the reduction to μ V can be obtained₀Required time t₁：

Step 10: the optimum duty cycle of the "0" signal is derived. As shown in fig. 7(b), assume that: the Baud rate of data transmission is B, and the voltage decision point isAt that time, the optimum duty time T of the "0" signal₀Comprises the following steps:

substituting the expression of t1 can obtain the optimal duty ratio Z of the '0' signal₀Comprises the following steps:

the optimum duty cycle Z of the "1" signal₁Comprises the following steps:

Z₁＝(1-Z₀)*100％。