阅读说明：本技术 一种利用植物废油生产油酸的工艺设备 (Process equipment for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil ) 是由 李端春 平晓杰 于 2020-05-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及生产装置领域,具体涉及一种利用植物废油生产油酸的工艺设备,包括预处理装置、裂解装置和提纯装置；所述预处理设备包含酸洗池和沉降反应釜,所述酸洗池的顶部开有第一进料口,侧面下方设置有废料出口；所述沉降反应釜包括反应釜体和储液罐,所述反应釜体的上端设置有第二进料口。本发明解决了现有的生产油酸的工艺设备缺少对废油的预处理以及劳动强度高,效率低,不能连续操作的问题。本发明公开了一整套利用植物废油生产油酸的设备以及利用该设备进行油酸的生产工艺,装置主要包括预处理装置、裂解装置和提纯装置,预处理装置中通过多层次的除杂,使废油能够最大程度的得到净化。(The invention relates to the field of production devices, in particular to a process device for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil, which comprises a pretreatment device, a cracking device and a purification device; the pretreatment equipment comprises a pickling tank and a sedimentation reaction kettle, wherein the top of the pickling tank is provided with a first feeding hole, and a waste outlet is arranged below the side surface of the pickling tank; the sedimentation reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body and a liquid storage tank, wherein a second feed inlet is formed in the upper end of the reaction kettle body. The invention solves the problems that the prior process equipment for producing the oleic acid lacks pretreatment of waste oil, has high labor intensity and low efficiency and can not be continuously operated. The invention discloses a whole set of equipment for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil and a production process for producing oleic acid by using the equipment.)

1. The equipment for producing the oleic acid by using the plant waste oil is characterized by comprising a pretreatment device, a cracking device and a purification device; the pretreatment equipment comprises a pickling tank and a sedimentation reaction kettle, wherein the top of the pickling tank is provided with a first feeding hole, and a waste outlet is arranged below the side surface of the pickling tank; the sedimentation reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body and a liquid storage tank, and a second feeding hole is formed in the upper end of the reaction kettle body; the sedimentation reaction kettle is connected with the pickling tank through a first conveying pipe, one end of the first conveying pipe is immersed in the liquid of the pickling tank, and the other end of the first conveying pipe is connected to the second feeding hole; the liquid storage tank is arranged below the reaction kettle body and is connected with the reaction kettle body through a second conveying pipeline; a stirring device is further arranged inside the liquid storage tank, a first discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the side face, and a fifth feed hole is formed in the upper portion of the side face;

the cracking device comprises a cracking tank body; a third feeding hole is formed in the lower part of the cracking tank body, and a second discharging hole is formed in the top of the cracking tank body; a heating device is arranged on the inner wall of the cracking tank body; the cracking tank body is internally provided with a plurality of barrier layers, the barrier layers are arranged along the cross section of the cracking tank body and can divide the cracking tank body into a multilayer structure; the barrier layer is of a net structure, and a heat insulation substance is arranged above the barrier layer;

the purification device comprises a packed tower, a vacuum pump and a product tank; a fourth feed port is formed in one side of the packed tower, and a third discharge port is formed in the other side of the packed tower; the vacuum pump is connected to the top of the packed tower, and the product tank is arranged below the third discharge hole;

the pretreatment device is connected with the cracking device through a third conveying pipe, wherein one end of the third conveying pipe is connected with the first discharge hole, and the other end of the third conveying pipe is connected with the third feed inlet; the cracking device is connected with the purification device through a fourth conveying pipeline, wherein one end of the fourth conveying pipeline is connected with the second discharge hole, and the other end of the fourth conveying pipeline is connected with the fourth feed hole.

2. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil according to claim 1, wherein the reaction vessel body is provided therein with a filtering device for filtering the liquid introduced into the reaction vessel body; a first filter layer and a second filter layer are arranged in the filter device; the first filter layer is used for filtering suspended or floating impurities in the liquid, and the second filter layer is used for removing moisture in the liquid.

3. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from plant waste oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating material is in the form of spheres and is made of inert material with good thermal conductivity.

4. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil according to claim 1, wherein a first delivery pump is disposed above the first delivery pipe, and the first delivery pump is used for delivering the liquid in the pickling tank to the settling reaction kettle; a second delivery pump is arranged above the third delivery pipe and used for delivering the liquid in the liquid storage tank to the cracking tank body; a third delivery pump is arranged above the fourth delivery pipe and used for delivering the liquid in the cracking tank to the packed tower; and control valves are arranged on the first material conveying pipe, the third material conveying pipe and the fourth material conveying pipe.

5. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil according to claim 2, wherein the first filter layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene filter membrane.

6. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil according to claim 2, wherein the second filter layer is prepared by loading a modified metal organic framework compound on a microporous membrane; the microporous membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene.

7. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil according to claim 6, wherein the modified metal organic framework compound is prepared by:

s1, weighing ZrCl₄Adding into deionized water, stirring to dissolve completely to obtain ZrCl₄A solution; adding terephthalic acid into N, N-dimethylformamide, and stirring uniformly to obtain a terephthalic acid solution; wherein ZrCl₄The solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water is 1: 10-15; the mass ratio of the terephthalic acid to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 3-5;

s2, enabling the ZrCl to react₄Dropwise adding the solution into a terephthalic acid solution, stirring while dropwise adding, continuously stirring for 0.5-1 h after completely dropwise adding, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, sealing, placing in a drying oven at 150-180 ℃, reacting for 8-12 h, cooling, filtering, washing with deionized water for 3 times, washing with ethanol for 3 times, drying at 80-90 ℃, and grinding to powder to obtain a metal organic framework compound; wherein, the ZrCl₄The volume ratio of the solution to the terephthalic acid solution is 3-5: 1.

S3, dispersing the organic framework compound in N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding polyetherimide, adjusting the pH to 2-3 by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-10%, stirring uniformly, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 40-50 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, continuing for 2-3 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with ethanol for three times, drying at 50-80 ℃, and grinding into powder to obtain an activated metal organic framework compound; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the organic framework compound to the N-methylpyrrolidone is 1: 5-10; the mass ratio of the polyetherimide to the organic framework compound is 1: 6-10;

s4, weighing SrB₆Adding the nano powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, adding the activated metal organic framework compound, performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting for 5-8 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with the deionized water for three times, then washing with ethanol for three times, drying at 50-80 ℃, and grinding into powder to obtain the modified metal organic framework compound; wherein, SrB₆The solid-liquid ratio of the nano powder to the deionized water is 1: 10-20; the activated metal-organic framework compound and SrB₆The mass ratio of the nano powder is 1: 0.5-2.

8. The apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the SrB is₆The particle size of the nano powder is 10-100 nm.

9. A production process for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil, which is characterized by using the equipment of any one of claims 1-8 for production, and specifically comprises the following steps:

first, pretreatment

Adding diluted acid solution into the vegetable waste oil, stirring the mixture evenly, placing the mixture in a pickling tank, standing and settling the mixture for 10-12 hours, separating out upper-layer oil, and removing bottom impurities to obtain primary filtering oil;

conveying the primary filtered grease to a settling reaction kettle through a first conveying pipe, removing suspended or floating impurities and moisture from the primary filtered grease through a filtering device, adding a cracking catalyst through a fifth feeding hole, starting stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain pretreated grease;

second, cracking

Conveying the pretreated grease to a cracking tank body through a third conveying pipe, starting to heat, and cracking to obtain a cracking treatment substance; wherein the cracking temperature is 200-230 ℃, and the cracking pressure is 1.8-2.3 MPa;

third, purification

Conveying the cracked substance into a packed tower through a fourth conveying pipe, and purifying the cracked substance through a multi-tower rectification separation device to obtain oleic acid; wherein the temperature of the rectifying tower is 230-260 ℃, and the pressure of the top of the rectifying tower is 0.2-0.5 kPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of production devices, in particular to a process device for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil.

Background

The waste vegetable oil refers to a series of oil wastes which lose edible value and are generated in the deep processing process of edible natural vegetable oil and oil for human beings. Waste oil produced in the catering process is also called as catering waste oil. The fatty acid composition of the waste cooking oil is basically consistent with that of fresh edible oil, and the waste cooking oil mainly contains oleic acid and linoleic acid. The oil-containing soapstock produced in the food processing process is a byproduct produced in the refining of various vegetable oils, the production amount is 2-3% of the total oil production amount, and the composition and the properties of the oil-containing soapstock are determined by fatty acid in raw materials.

At present, the waste edible oil and fat in China are not reasonably utilized. In contrast, waste edible oils and fats have become an environmental pollutant and have impacted food safety. The waste edible oil is reasonably recycled, and the oil can replace petroleum resources to produce important oil chemical raw materials. The waste vegetable oil contains a large amount of stearic acid and oleic acid, and the oleic acid can be produced and processed by hydrolyzing and separating the waste edible oil. The following not enough exists in the processing procedure of present plant waste oil, and first, lack the preliminary treatment to waste oil, contain more impurity and pigment in the plant waste oil, direct processing uses influences equipment normal operating, and is great to equipment damage. Secondly, the oleic acid purification method comprises a freezing squeezing method, a surfactant method and the like, wherein the freezing squeezing method has low requirements on equipment, but has high labor intensity and low efficiency and can not be operated continuously; the surfactant method is also called emulsification method, and the method has more waste water and lower separation purity.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing oleic acid from waste vegetable oil, comprising a pretreatment unit, a cracking unit and a purification unit; the pretreatment equipment comprises a pickling tank and a sedimentation reaction kettle, wherein the top of the pickling tank is provided with a first feeding hole, and a waste outlet is arranged below the side surface of the pickling tank; the sedimentation reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body and a liquid storage tank, and a second feeding hole is formed in the upper end of the reaction kettle body; the sedimentation reaction kettle is connected with the pickling tank through a first conveying pipe, one end of the first conveying pipe is immersed in the liquid of the pickling tank, and the other end of the first conveying pipe is connected to the second feeding hole; the liquid storage tank is arranged below the reaction kettle body and is connected with the reaction kettle body through a second conveying pipeline; a stirring device is further arranged inside the liquid storage tank, a first discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the side face, and a fifth feed hole is formed in the upper portion of the side face;

the cracking device comprises a cracking tank body; a third feeding hole is formed in the lower part of the cracking tank body, and a second discharging hole is formed in the top of the cracking tank body; a heating device is arranged on the inner wall of the cracking tank body; the cracking tank body is internally provided with a plurality of barrier layers, the barrier layers are arranged along the cross section of the cracking tank body and can divide the cracking tank body into a multilayer structure; the barrier layer is of a net structure, and a heat insulation substance is arranged above the barrier layer;

the purification device comprises a packed tower, a vacuum pump and a product tank; a fourth feed port is formed in one side of the packed tower, and a third discharge port is formed in the other side of the packed tower; the vacuum pump is connected to the top of the packed tower, and the product tank is arranged below the third discharge hole;

the pretreatment device is connected with the cracking device through a third conveying pipe, wherein one end of the third conveying pipe is connected with the first discharge hole, and the other end of the third conveying pipe is connected with the third feed inlet; the cracking device is connected with the purification device through a fourth conveying pipeline, wherein one end of the fourth conveying pipeline is connected with the second discharge hole, and the other end of the fourth conveying pipeline is connected with the fourth feed hole.

Preferably, a filtering device is arranged inside the reaction kettle body and used for filtering liquid entering the reaction kettle body; a first filter layer and a second filter layer are arranged in the filter device; the first filter layer is used for filtering suspended or floating impurities in the liquid, and the second filter layer is used for removing moisture in the liquid.

Preferably, the heat-insulating substance is spherical, and the heat-insulating substance is prepared from an inert material with good heat-conducting property.

Preferably, a first delivery pump is arranged above the first delivery pipe, and the first delivery pump is used for delivering the liquid in the pickling tank to the settling reaction kettle; a second delivery pump is arranged above the third delivery pipe and used for delivering the liquid in the liquid storage tank to the cracking tank body; a third delivery pump is arranged above the fourth delivery pipe and used for delivering the liquid in the cracking tank to the packed tower; and control valves are arranged on the first material conveying pipe, the third material conveying pipe and the fourth material conveying pipe.

Preferably, the first filter layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene filter membrane.

Preferably, the second filter layer is prepared by loading a modified metal organic framework compound on a microporous membrane; the microporous membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene.

Preferably, the preparation method of the modified metal organic framework compound comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing ZrCl₄Adding into deionized water, stirring to dissolve completely to obtain ZrCl₄A solution; adding terephthalic acid into N, N-dimethylformamide, and stirring uniformly to obtain a terephthalic acid solution; wherein ZrCl₄The solid-to-liquid ratio of the deionized water is 1: 10-15; the mass ratio of the terephthalic acid to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 3-5;

s2, enabling the ZrCl to react₄Dropwise adding the solution into a terephthalic acid solution, stirring while dropwise adding, continuously stirring for 0.5-1 h after completely dropwise adding, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, sealing, placing in a drying oven at 150-180 ℃, reacting for 8-12 h, cooling, filtering, washing with deionized water for 3 times,washing with ethanol for 3 times, drying at 80-90 ℃, and grinding to powder to obtain a metal organic framework compound; wherein, the ZrCl₄The volume ratio of the solution to the terephthalic acid solution is 3-5: 1.

S3, dispersing the organic framework compound in N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding polyetherimide, adjusting the pH to 2-3 by using a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 2-10%, stirring uniformly, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 40-50 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, continuing for 2-3 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with ethanol for three times, drying at 50-80 ℃, and grinding into powder to obtain an activated metal organic framework compound; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the organic framework compound to the N-methylpyrrolidone is 1: 5-10; the mass ratio of the polyetherimide to the organic framework compound is 1: 6-10;

s4, weighing SrB₆Adding the nano powder into deionized water, stirring uniformly, adding the activated metal organic framework compound, performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting for 5-8 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with the deionized water for three times, then washing with ethanol for three times, drying at 50-80 ℃, and grinding into powder to obtain the modified metal organic framework compound; wherein, SrB₆The solid-liquid ratio of the nano powder to the deionized water is 1: 10-20; the activated metal-organic framework compound and SrB₆The mass ratio of the nano powder is 1: 0.5-2.

Preferably, the SrB₆The particle size of the nano powder is 10-100 nm.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a process for producing oleic acid by using the plant waste oil, which comprises the following steps:

first, pretreatment

Adding diluted acid solution into the vegetable waste oil, stirring the mixture evenly, placing the mixture in a pickling tank, standing and settling the mixture for 10-12 hours, separating out upper-layer oil, and removing bottom impurities to obtain primary filtering oil;

conveying the primary filtered grease to a settling reaction kettle through a first conveying pipe, removing suspended or floating impurities and moisture from the primary filtered grease through a filtering device, adding a cracking catalyst through a fifth feeding hole, starting stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain pretreated grease;

second, cracking

Conveying the pretreated grease to a cracking tank body through a third conveying pipe, starting to heat, and cracking to obtain a cracking treatment substance; wherein the cracking temperature is 200-230 ℃, and the cracking pressure is 1.8-2.3 MPa;

third, purification

Conveying the cracked substance into a packed tower through a fourth conveying pipe, and purifying the cracked substance through a multi-tower rectification separation device to obtain oleic acid; wherein the temperature of the rectifying tower is 230-260 ℃, and the pressure of the top of the rectifying tower is 0.2-0.5 kPa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention discloses a whole set of equipment for producing oleic acid by using plant waste oil and a production process for producing oleic acid by using the equipment, wherein the equipment mainly comprises a pretreatment device, a cracking device and a purification device, and the waste oil can be purified to the maximum extent by multi-level impurity removal in the pretreatment device; then, a plurality of barrier layers are added in the cracking device, and spherical heat conduction materials are arranged on the barrier layers, so that when raw materials pass through the barrier layers, the raw materials are heated more uniformly, the reaction path is prolonged, the reaction time is prolonged, and the reaction efficiency is improved; and finally, the obtained oleic acid is purified by the purification device, so that the oleic acid is more purified, and the device can be used for efficiently, conveniently and energy-saving production of the oleic acid by the plant waste oil.

2. The invention uses two filter layers in the filter device, one layer is used for filtering suspended impurities in grease, and the other layer is used for removing water. The polytetrafluoroethylene filtering membrane is used as the first filtering layer, and the filtering membrane prepared from the material has the advantages of strong acid and alkali resistance and no toxicity; the second filtering layer is prepared by loading a modified metal organic framework compound on a microporous membrane(ii) a The metal organic framework compound has superior specific surface area, hydrothermal stability and chemical stability, the crystal structure of the metal organic framework compound can be kept stable at 500 ℃, the framework structure can bear the mechanical pressure of 1.0MPa, the structure can be kept stable in water, DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide), benzene or acetone and other solutions, and the metal organic framework compound also has strong acid resistance and certain alkali resistance. The ideal structural unit of the UiO-66 is formed by connecting zirconium-based metal cluster with 12 coordination, but the actual structure has certain ligand defect phenomenon, which directly influences the size of the specific surface area, and although the ligand defect is improved by changing crystallization time or temperature in the current research, the effect is still not ideal. The invention is realized by using SrB₆The metal organic framework compound is subjected to modification loading, so that the ligand defect phenomenon of the finally obtained modified metal organic framework compound is greatly improved, and the stability and the specific surface area of the metal organic framework compound are increased.

And then the modified metal organic framework compound is loaded on the polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane, so that the water permeability and oil resistance of the microporous membrane are improved, the mechanical strength of the microporous membrane is also improved, the microporous membrane is not easy to damage under a large impact force, the durability of the microporous membrane is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

3. The general activation of the metal organic framework compound needs to be soaked in methanol or other liquid for more than 12 hours, and the post-treatment needs at least 2-5 days, but the method used by the invention is to use polyetherimide to treat the metal organic framework compound under the warm condition for only 5-8 hours to complete the activation, thereby greatly saving the activation time and not influencing the activation effect. The N-methylpyrrolidone can enable the polyetherimide to be dispersed more uniformly, and the proper temperature rise can not only accelerate the reaction progress, but also enable the metal organic framework compound to be activated more uniformly.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of the following drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a structural view of an apparatus for producing oleic acid according to the present invention.

Reference numerals: the device comprises a pickling tank 1, a sedimentation reaction kettle 2, a cracking tank body 3, a packed tower 4, a vacuum pump 5, a first feeding hole 11, a waste outlet 12, a reaction kettle body 21, a liquid storage tank 22, a second feeding hole 23, a stirring device 24, a first discharging hole 25, a fifth feeding hole 26, a third feeding hole 31, a second discharging hole 32, a heating device 33, a barrier layer 34, a heat insulating material 35, a fourth feeding hole 41, a third discharging hole 42, a first conveying pipe 100, a first conveying pump 101, a second conveying pipe 110, a second conveying pump 111, a third conveying pipe 120, a third conveying pump 121, a fourth conveying pipe 130 and a filtering device 211.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.