阅读说明：本技术 金属负极被绝缘材料覆盖的化学电池及其覆盖方法 (Chemical battery with metal cathode covered by insulating material and covering method thereof ) 是由 王益成 于 2018-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种金属负极被绝缘材料覆盖的化学电池,所述化学电池包括安装在电池内部的金属负极和电池正极；所述金属负极与电池正极不接触地相面对,其间存在电解液；所述金属负极包括金属负极基体(2)和绝缘层(3)；所述绝缘层覆盖金属负极基体；在与电池正极相面对的金属负极相对面排布有未被绝缘层覆盖的金属负极基体区域,位于该区域的金属负极基体裸露于电解液中,与电池正极相面对产生电场。可显著提高电池放电过程金属负极材料的利用率,大幅度降低电池放电过程以及电池停止放电退液时的发热和氢气析出,实现电池长期稳定安全放电,保证电池停止放电时的安全。(A chemical battery in which a metal negative electrode is covered with an insulating material, the chemical battery comprising a metal negative electrode and a battery positive electrode mounted inside the battery; the metal negative electrode faces the battery positive electrode without contact, and an electrolyte is present therebetween; the metal cathode comprises a metal cathode substrate (2) and an insulating layer (3); the insulating layer covers the metal cathode substrate; and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is arranged on the opposite surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode, and the metal cathode substrate in the area is exposed in the electrolyte and generates an electric field opposite to the battery anode. The utilization rate of the metal cathode material in the battery discharging process can be obviously improved, the heating and hydrogen separation in the battery discharging process and the battery discharging and liquid withdrawing process are greatly reduced, the long-term stable and safe discharging of the battery is realized, and the safety of the battery when the discharging is stopped is ensured.)

1. A chemical battery in which a metal negative electrode is covered with an insulating material, the chemical battery comprising a metal negative electrode and a battery positive electrode mounted inside the battery; the metal negative electrode faces the battery positive electrode without contact, and an electrolyte is present therebetween; the method is characterized in that:

the metal cathode comprises a metal cathode substrate (2) and an insulating layer (3); the insulating layer covers the metal cathode substrate; and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is arranged on the opposite surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode, and the metal cathode substrate in the area is exposed in the electrolyte and generates an electric field opposite to the battery anode.

2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the total area of the metal cathode base body area of the edge area of the metal cathode, which is not covered by the insulating layer, is smaller than the total area of the metal cathode base body area of the middle part of the metal cathode, which is not covered by the insulating layer.

3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the metal negative electrode matrix is formed by one or more than two metal negative electrode matrixes with the same structure or different structures; the insulating layer is fittingly covered with the constructed and molded metal cathode substrate, and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is reserved on the surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode.

4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the shape of the metal cathode comprises a plate shape, a column shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape and a curved surface shape; the bottom of the metal cathode is of a planar or non-planar structure.

5. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein:

the structure of the metal cathode substrate comprises a strip structure, a columnar structure, an annular structure, a sheet structure and a plate structure.

6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the material of the insulating layer is rigid throughout; or only the area in contact with the covered metal anode substrate or the conductive connector of the metal anode is elastic while the rest is rigid, or the whole is elastic; or the rigid region of the insulating layer is gradually transited to the elastic region in a gradual manner.

7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, and the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, wherein the two parts are adhered together, or the two parts are extruded together, or the two parts are close to each other, or the two parts are embedded into each other, or one part is inserted into the structure of the other part, or one part in a molten state is poured into the structure of the other part and then is solidified and molded; two or more of the above-described covering methods may be combined.

8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the electric output end conductor of the metal cathode is in conductive connection with the metal cathode substrate through the conductive connector conductive layer; the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conducting layer and the metal negative electrode substrate are made of the same or different metal materials.

9. The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein:

the electric output end conductor of the metal cathode, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are of an integrated structure; or the electric output end conductor and the conductive connecting body conductive layer are of an integrated structure, and the metal negative electrode substrate is arranged on the conductive connecting body conductive layer; or the conducting layer of the conducting connector and the metal cathode substrate are in an integrated structure, and the electric conductor of the electric output end is arranged on the conducting layer of the conducting connector; or the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are respectively independent structures and are sequentially arranged together.

10. A method for covering a metal cathode by an insulating material is used for installing the metal cathode and a battery anode matched with the metal cathode in a battery to form a chemical battery together with an electrolyte; the metal negative electrode faces the battery positive electrode in a non-contact manner; the method is characterized in that:

an insulating layer covers the metal cathode substrate of the metal cathode; and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is left on the metal cathode opposite surface opposite to the battery anode, and the metal cathode substrate in the area is exposed in the electrolyte and generates an electric field opposite to the battery anode.

11. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the total area of the metal cathode base body area of the edge area of the metal cathode, which is not covered by the insulating layer, is smaller than the total area of the metal cathode base body area of the middle part of the metal cathode, which is not covered by the insulating layer.

12. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the metal negative electrode matrix is formed by one or more than two metal negative electrode matrixes with the same structure or different structures; the insulating layer is fittingly covered with the constructed and molded metal cathode substrate, and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is reserved on the surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode.

13. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the shape of the metal cathode comprises a plate shape, a column shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape and a curved surface shape; the bottom of the metal cathode is of a planar or non-planar structure.

14. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the structure of the metal cathode substrate comprises a strip structure, a columnar structure, an annular structure, a sheet structure and a plate structure.

15. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the material of the insulating layer is completely rigid, or only the area connected with the covered metal matrix or the conductive connector of the metal cathode is elastic while the rest part is rigid, or the whole insulating layer is elastic, or the rigid area of the insulating layer is gradually transited to the elastic area in a gradual mode.

16. The method of covering a metal negative electrode with an insulating material according to claim 10, wherein:

the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, and the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, wherein the two parts are adhered together, or the two parts are extruded together, or the two parts are close to each other, or the two parts are embedded into each other, or one part is inserted into the structure of the other part, or one part in a molten state is poured into the structure of the other part and then is solidified and molded; two or more of the above-described covering methods may be combined.

17. The electrochemical cell of claim 10, wherein:

the electric output end conductor of the metal cathode is in conductive connection with the metal cathode substrate through the conductive connector conductive layer; the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conducting layer and the metal negative electrode substrate are made of the same or different metal materials.

18. The electrochemical cell of claim 10, wherein:

the electric output end conductor of the metal cathode substrate, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are of an integrated structure; or the electric output end conductor and the conductive connecting body conductive layer are of an integrated structure, and the metal negative electrode substrate is arranged on the conductive connecting body conductive layer; or the conducting layer of the conducting connector and the metal cathode substrate are in an integrated structure, and the electric conductor of the electric output end is arranged on the conducting layer of the conducting connector; or the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are respectively independent structures and are sequentially arranged together.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of energy sources, and particularly relates to a chemical battery with a metal cathode covered by an insulating layer and a covering method thereof.

Background

There are many types of chemical cells using a metal material as a negative electrode, including metal fuel cells (also referred to as metal-air cells), seawater cells, and the like. The metal fuel cells developed at present are mainly aluminum fuel cells (aluminum-air cells), magnesium fuel cells (magnesium-air cells), zinc fuel cells (zinc-air cells), lithium fuel cells (lithium-air cells), and the like. The seawater batteries developed at present mainly include magnesium seawater batteries, aluminum seawater batteries, zinc seawater batteries, and the like. The metal cathode of the aluminum fuel cell is aluminum alloy, the metal cathode of the magnesium fuel cell is magnesium alloy, the metal cathode of the zinc fuel cell is zinc alloy, and the metal cathode of the lithium fuel cell is lithium or lithium alloy. Similarly, the metal cathode of the magnesium seawater battery is magnesium alloy, the metal cathode of the aluminum seawater battery is aluminum alloy, and the metal cathode of the zinc seawater battery is zinc alloy. The charging mode of the chemical battery adopting the metal material as the cathode comprises two charging modes, namely mechanical charging and charging by adopting an external power supply. Chemical batteries that are charged using an external power source are also referred to as rechargeable batteries. For chemical batteries (including metal fuel batteries, seawater batteries and the like) charged mechanically, after the metal cathode is consumed due to continuous dissolution into electrolyte in the discharging process, the discharging process is ensured to continue by supplementing cathode metal materials or replacing a new metal cathode. For rechargeable chemical batteries (including metal fuel batteries, seawater batteries, etc.), after the metal cathode is continuously dissolved into the electrolyte during the discharging process and consumed, an external power supply is needed to charge the battery, so that the metal ions dissolved in the electrolyte can deposit atomic metal on the cathode again, and then the discharging is continued. At present, the metal negative electrode of such chemical batteries is made of a sheet-like or plate-like metal material. The metal negative electrode in the chemical battery faces but does not contact the battery positive electrode, and the shape and size of the surface of the metal negative electrode facing the battery positive electrode surface are the same or substantially the same as those of the battery positive electrode. Because of the different properties of the positive battery electrode and the negative metal electrode of such chemical batteries, the electrochemical activity of the negative metal electrode is often superior to that of the positive battery electrode. The adoption of the electrode structure with the same or basically the same anode and cathode leads to low utilization rate of the metal cathode and serious self-corrosion, and the battery not only generates heat seriously but also precipitates a large amount of hydrogen in the discharging process, thereby becoming a potential safety hazard of the battery operation. In addition, the bottom of the sheet or plate-like metal negative electrode of such chemical batteries is currently in a horizontal configuration. When the sheet or plate-shaped metal cathode with a horizontal structure at the bottom stops discharging and discharging, a large amount of hydrogen is generated due to the fact that the electrolyte stays on the surface of the metal cathode for a long time, and the potential safety hazard of battery operation is also caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a chemical battery with a metal cathode covered by an insulating material, wherein the chemical battery comprises the metal cathode and a battery anode which are arranged in the battery; the metal negative electrode is opposite to the battery positive electrode in a non-contact way, and an electrolyte is arranged between the metal negative electrode and the battery positive electrode; the metal cathode comprises a metal cathode substrate and an insulating layer; the insulating layer covers the metal cathode substrate; and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is arranged on the opposite surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode, and the metal cathode substrate in the area is exposed in the electrolyte and generates an electric field opposite to the battery anode.

More preferably, the total area of the metal cathode base region not covered by the insulating layer in the edge region of the metal cathode is smaller than the total area of the metal cathode base region not covered by the insulating layer in the middle of the metal cathode.

More preferably, the metal negative electrode substrate is formed by one or more than two metal negative electrode substrates with the same structure or different structures; the insulating layer is fittingly covered with the constructed and molded metal cathode substrate, and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is reserved on the surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode.

The shape of the metal cathode comprises a plate shape, a column shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape and a curved surface shape; the bottom of the metal cathode is of a planar or non-planar structure.

The structure of the metal cathode substrate comprises a strip structure, a columnar structure, an annular structure, a sheet structure and a plate structure.

More preferably, the material of the insulating layer is entirely rigid; or only the area in contact with the covered metal anode substrate or the conductive connector of the metal anode is elastic while the rest is rigid, or the whole is elastic; or the rigid region of the insulating layer is gradually transited to the elastic region in a gradual manner.

The insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, and the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, wherein the two parts are adhered together, or the two parts are extruded together, or the two parts are close to each other, or the two parts are embedded into each other, or one part is inserted into the structure of the other part, or one part in a molten state is poured into the structure of the other part and then is solidified and molded; two or more of the above-described covering methods may be combined.

The electric output end conductor of the metal cathode is in conductive connection with the metal cathode substrate through the conductive connector conductive layer; the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conducting layer and the metal cathode substrate are made of metal materials with the same or different materials.

More preferably, the electric output end conductor of the metal cathode, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are of an integrated structure; or the electric output end conductor and the conductive connecting body conductive layer are of an integrated structure, and the metal negative electrode substrate is arranged on the conductive connecting body conductive layer; or the conducting layer of the conducting connector and the metal cathode substrate are in an integrated structure, and the electric conductor of the electric output end is arranged on the conducting layer of the conducting connector; or the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are respectively independent structures and are sequentially arranged together.

The invention provides a method for covering a metal cathode by an insulating material to solve the problems in the prior art, which is used for installing the metal cathode and a battery anode matched with the metal cathode in a battery and forming a chemical battery together with electrolyte; the metal negative electrode faces the battery positive electrode in a non-contact manner; particularly, an insulating layer is covered on the metal negative electrode substrate of the metal negative electrode; the metal cathode matrix area which is not covered by the insulating layer is left on the opposite surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode, and the metal matrix cathode in the area is exposed in the electrolyte and generates an electric field opposite to the battery anode.

More preferably, the total area of the metal cathode base region not covered by the insulating layer in the edge region of the metal cathode is smaller than the total area of the metal cathode base region not covered by the insulating layer in the middle of the metal cathode.

More preferably, the metal negative electrode substrate is formed by one or more than two metal negative electrode substrates with the same structure or different structures; the insulating layer is fittingly covered with the constructed and molded metal cathode substrate, and a metal cathode substrate area which is not covered by the insulating layer is reserved on the surface of the metal cathode opposite to the battery anode.

The shape of the metal cathode comprises a plate shape, a column shape, a sheet shape, a belt shape and a curved surface shape; the bottom of the metal cathode is of a planar or non-planar structure.

The structure of the metal cathode substrate comprises a strip structure, a columnar structure, an annular structure, a sheet structure and a plate structure.

More preferably, the material of the insulating layer is entirely rigid; either only the area in contact with the covered metal anode substrate or with the conductive connection of the metal anode is elastic while the rest is rigid, or the whole is elastic, or the rigid area of the insulating layer gradually transitions to the elastic area in a gradual manner.

The insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, and the insulating layer covers the metal negative electrode substrate, wherein the two parts are adhered together, or the two parts are extruded together, or the two parts are close to each other, or the two parts are embedded into each other, or one part is inserted into the structure of the other part, or one part in a molten state is poured into the structure of the other part and then is solidified and molded; two or more of the above-described covering methods may be combined.

The electric output end conductor of the metal cathode is in conductive connection with the metal cathode substrate through the conductive connector conductive layer; the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conducting layer and the metal cathode substrate are made of metal materials with the same or different materials.

The electric output end conductor of the metal cathode, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are of an integrated structure; or the electric output end conductor and the conductive connecting body conductive layer are of an integrated structure, and the metal negative electrode substrate is arranged on the conductive connecting body conductive layer; or the conducting layer of the conducting connector and the metal cathode substrate are in an integrated structure, and the electric conductor of the electric output end is arranged on the conducting layer of the conducting connector; or the electric output end conductor, the conductive connector conductive layer and the metal cathode substrate are respectively independent structures and are sequentially arranged together.

The invention provides a chemical battery with a metal cathode covered by an insulating material and a covering method thereof, which can obviously improve the utilization rate of the metal cathode material in the discharging process of the battery, greatly reduce the heating and hydrogen separation in the discharging process of the battery and the liquid withdrawal when the battery stops discharging, realize the long-term stable and safe discharging of the battery and ensure the safety of the battery when the battery stops discharging.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front structural view, a sectional structure view G-G, and sectional structures G '-G' of a plate-type structure metal negative electrode formed of a strip-structured metal negative electrode substrate 2-1 according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a mode that the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 and the strip structure metal negative electrode matrix 2-1 in FIG. 1 are mutually embedded.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front structure a, a schematic diagram of a top view b, a schematic diagram of a H-H sectional structure, and a schematic diagram of an I-I sectional structure of a plate-type structure metal negative electrode formed by a metal negative electrode substrate 2-2 having a columnar structure in a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the front side structure, a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure a-a, a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure B-B, and an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a portion related to a cylindrical electrical output terminal of fig. 3 with the through-hole and trench insulating layer 3-2 disposed therein removed.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the front side structure of the insulating layer 3-2 with through holes and trenches provided therein of fig. 3 and a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure thereof at C-C.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure a), a schematic diagram of a top view structure b) and a schematic diagram of a D-D cross-sectional structure of a three-pillar type structure metal negative electrode according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a metal negative electrode with a cambered plate-type structure and a schematic diagram of an E-E cross-sectional structure thereof in a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a metal negative electrode of a five-sided planar plate type structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a front view and a schematic structural view of a F-F cross section thereof.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a metal negative electrode substrate 2-1, a conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 and an electrical output end conductor 1-1 in a strip structure according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention, which are made of the same material and integrated together.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating layers 3-8 in the jacket structure according to the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a metal cathode with a plate-type structure formed by using a sleeve-shaped insulating layer according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive layer of the conductive connector embedded in the insulating layer 3-7 of the embedded structure and the structure of the M-M cross section in accordance with the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the insulating layer 3-7 of the embedded structure is provided with a through-trench 3-4 inside the insulating layer.

Fig. 13 is a schematic front view structure and a schematic N-N cross-sectional structure of a plate-type structure metal cathode formed by the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with a strip-shaped structure and the insulating layer 3-7 with an embedded structure, which are formed by pouring a molten metal cathode substrate material into the insulating layer of the insulating layer 3-7 with an embedded structure and solidifying in the through groove 3-4 according to the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an elevation view and a schematic view of a P-P cross-sectional structure of a conductive layer embedded in an insulation layer 3-7 of an embedded structure according to an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a through hole 3-3 is formed in the insulation layer 3-7 of the embedded structure.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a plate-type structure metal negative electrode according to an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a metal negative electrode substrate 2-2 having a pillar structure is inserted into the through hole (3-3) in the insulating layer shown in fig. 14, as viewed from the front, and as viewed from the R-R cross section.

Description of the symbols:

1: electrical output terminal

1-1: electric output end conductor

1-2: insulation layer for electrical output terminal

2: metal negative electrode matrix

2-1: metal cathode substrate with strip-shaped structure

2-2: metal cathode substrate with columnar structure

2-3: ring-structured metal negative electrode substrate

2-4: metal negative bottom plug

2-5: curved surface sheet structure metal negative electrode substrate

2-6: metal negative electrode substrate with plate-shaped structure

3: insulating layer

3-1: fence structure insulating layer

3-1-1: insulating layer outer frame of fence structure

3-1-2: insulating layer separation grid with fence structure

3-2: insulating layer with through holes and grooves therein

3-3: inner through hole of insulating layer

3-4: inner through groove of insulating layer

3-5: insulating layer of ring structure

3-6: insulating layer with irregular through groove inside

3-6-1: penetration groove with irregular shape in insulating layer

3-7: buried structure insulating layer

3-8: insulation layer with sleeve structure

3-8-1: insulating layer separation grid with sleeve-shaped structure

3-8-2: insulation layer sleeve inlet with sleeve-shaped structure

3-9: insulating layer with strip structure

4: conductive connector

4-1: conductive layer of conductive connector

4-2: conductive connector insulating layer

4-3: conducting layer inner groove of conducting connector

4-4: conductive layer interpolation of conductive connector

5: bottom of metal cathode

5-1: conical bidirectional inclined metal cathode bottom

5-2: conical metal cathode bottom

5-3: the bottom of the metal cathode is inclined in a single direction.

Detailed Description

The chemical battery and the method for constructing the metal negative electrode thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

The first preferred embodiment: an electrochemical cell having a metal negative electrode covered with an insulating layer, comprising a metal negative electrode and an air electrode mounted in the electrochemical cell; the metal negative electrode faces the battery positive electrode without contact, with an electrolyte therebetween. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the metal negative electrode in this example has a plate-shaped structure. The metal cathode comprises an electric conductor 1-1 at an electric output end, a conductive connector conducting layer 4-1, a metal cathode matrix 2 and an insulating layer 3; the electric conductor 1-1 at the electric output end, the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 and the metal cathode substrate 2 are integrally made of the same metal material, and the metal cathode substrate 2 comprises N metal cathode substrates 2-1 with strip structures, wherein N is more than or equal to 2. The strip-shaped metal negative electrode substrates 2-1 are vertically arranged at the bottom of the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1 at intervals, the top of the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1 is an electric output end conductor 1-1, and in the embodiment, the electric output end conductor 1-1 and the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1 have the same shape and no obvious boundary; the top of the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 is integrally connected to the electrical output conductor 1-1, as shown in fig. 1. The outer edge of the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 is coated with a conductive connector insulating layer 4-2. The widths of the metal cathode matrixes 2-1 with the strip structures are different. When N is larger than or equal to 3, the width W1 of the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip-shaped structure arranged at two sides of the metal cathode is smaller than the width W2 of the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip-shaped structure arranged at the middle part of the metal cathode, namely the total area of the metal cathode substrate areas which are not covered by the insulating layer and are arranged at two edge areas of the metal cathode is smaller than the total area of the metal cathode substrate areas which are not covered by the insulating layer and are arranged at the middle part of the metal cathode. The insulating layer 3 is a fence structure insulating layer 3-1 matched with the metal cathode substrate 2, the fence structure insulating layer outer frame 3-1-1 of the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 covers the bottom and the left and right side walls of the metal cathode substrate 2, and the vertical fence structure insulating layer separation grids 3-1-2 of the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 are just inserted into the space between the strip structure metal cathode substrates, so that the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 and the metal cathode substrate 2 are tightly embedded into a whole. The fence structure insulating layer 3-1 is attached to the left side and the right side of the strip-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-1 to cover the same, and the surface area of each strip-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-1 which is not covered by the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 is opposite to the positive electrode in the battery.

The fence structure insulating layer 3-1 can be made of rigid insulating materials as a whole, or can be made of elastic insulating materials only in a local area in contact with the strip-shaped structure metal negative electrode substrate 2-1, and the rest is rigid. The bottom of the metal cathode is also the bottom of the fence structure insulating layer 3-1 and is a conical double-inclined metal cathode bottom 5-1. Fig. 2 shows a combination of the insulator 3 and the metal negative electrode substrate 2 in fig. 1, which are fitted to each other.

The second preferred embodiment: the chemical battery in this embodiment is basically similar to the first embodiment in that the metal negative electrode is also of a plate-type structure, except that the metal negative electrode is constructed by a metal negative electrode substrate 2 of a different structure. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the metal negative electrode substrate 2 in the present embodiment includes a plurality of metal negative electrode substrates 2-2 having a columnar structure and a plurality of metal negative electrode substrates 2-1 having a strip structure; the columnar structure metal cathode substrate 2-2 and the strip structure metal cathode substrate 2-1 are symmetrically arranged in front of and behind the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1. The columnar-structure metal negative electrode matrix 2-2, the strip-structure metal negative electrode matrix 2-1 and the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 are integrally constructed by adopting metal materials with the same material. In this embodiment, the metal negative electrode substrate 2-1 with the strip-shaped structure is located in an edge area close to the metal negative electrode, and the metal negative electrode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure is located in a middle area close to the metal negative electrode.

The top end of the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector is connected with a cylindrical electric output end conductor 1-1, and an electric output end insulating layer 1-2 is surrounded on the outer side of the cylindrical electric output end conductor 1-1. The material of the electric conductor 1-1 at the electric output end is different from that of the electric conducting layer 4-1 of the electric conducting connector. The upper end of the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector is provided with a groove 4-3 in the conductive layer of the conductive connector. The lower end of the electric output end conductor 1-1 is provided with a structure which is matched with the inner groove 4-3 of the conducting layer of the conducting connector and can be inserted into the inner groove 4-3 of the conducting layer of the conducting connector. The lower end of the electric output end conductor 1-1 is inserted into the inner groove 4-3 of the conducting layer of the conducting connector, so that the electric connection between the electric output end conductor 1-1 and the conducting layer 4-1 of the conducting connector is realized.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the insulating layer 3-2 with the through holes and the grooves therein is covered on the metal cathode substrate, the insulating layer is provided with the through holes 3-3 in the insulating layer and the through grooves 3-4 in the insulating layer, the shapes, the sizes and the arrangement of the through holes 3-3 in the insulating layer and the through grooves 3-4 in the insulating layer are matched with the metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure and the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure of the metal cathode substrate 2, the through holes 3-3 in the insulating layer and the through grooves 3-4 in the insulating layer of the insulating layer 3-2 with the through holes and the grooves therein are respectively sleeved on the metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure and the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure, and the end faces of the metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure and the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure are exposed outside, for forming an electric field facing the positive electrode of the battery in the chemical battery. The insulating layer 3-2 with the through holes and the grooves arranged inside is closely attached to and covers the metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure, the side surface of the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure and the outer surface of the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector. The insulating layer is made of elastic insulating materials. The bottom of the metal cathode is provided with a metal cathode bottom 5-2 with a conical structure.

The third preferred embodiment: referring to fig. 6, the metal negative electrode of the chemical battery in the present embodiment is a column-structured metal negative electrode. The metal cathode substrate 2 of the metal cathode comprises 1 metal cathode substrate 2-2 with a columnar structure and M metal cathode substrates 2-3 with an annular structure, wherein M is more than or equal to 1; the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector and the electric conductor 1-1 of the electric output end are integrally made of metal copper; the columnar structure metal cathode substrate 2-2 and the annular structure metal cathode substrate 2-3 are made of materials different from the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 and are independent of each other; the columnar structure metal cathode substrate 2-2 and the annular structure metal cathode substrate 2-3 are arranged on the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1; the columnar metal negative electrode matrix 2-2 is positioned in the middle of the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector, and a plurality of annular metal negative electrode matrixes 2-3 are arranged on the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector at intervals in a ring-by-ring manner by taking the columnar metal negative electrode matrix 2-2 as a center; the insulating layer 2 of the metal cathode comprises M +1 annular structure insulating layers 3-5, and the annular structure insulating layers 3-5 are respectively inserted between the annular structure metal cathode matrixes 2-3 of the metal cathode basic body 2 and between the annular structure metal cathode matrixes 2-3 and the columnar structure metal cathode matrixes 2-2. The side wall of the annular structure insulating layer 3-5 is tightly attached to and covers the side wall of the annular structure metal cathode substrate 2-3, the side wall of the columnar structure metal cathode substrate 2-2 and the upper surface of the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1. Only the end faces of the ring-structured metal negative electrode base body 2-3 and the columnar-structured metal negative electrode base body 2-2 facing the positive electrode are exposed to the outside for forming an electric field in the battery between the battery and the positive electrode of the battery.

A conductive connector conductive layer inner inserting hole 4-4 is formed in the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1; the annular structure metal negative electrode base body 2-3 and the columnar structure metal negative electrode base body 2-2 are both provided with metal negative electrode bottom plugs 2-4 matched with the insertion holes 4-4 in the conducting layer of the conducting connector; and the metal cathode bottom plugs 2-4 of the annular metal cathode substrate 2-3 and the columnar metal cathode substrate 2-2 are inserted into the insertion holes 4-4 in the conductive connecting body conductive layer, so that the conductive connection between the annular metal cathode substrate 2-3 and the columnar metal cathode substrate 2-2 and the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1 is realized.

The preferred embodiment four: the metal cathode of the chemical battery in the embodiment is a curved sheet type structure metal cathode; the metal cathode substrate 2 is composed of a curved surface sheet-shaped structure metal cathode substrate 2-5, see fig. 7. The electric output end conductor 1-1, the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 and the curved surface sheet structure metal negative electrode matrix 2-5 are integrally made of the same metal material; the electric conductor 1-1 at the electric output end and the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector are not divided into a whole; the conducting layer 4-1 of the conducting connector and the metal matrix 2-5 of the curved surface sheet structure are not divided into a whole; the surface of the curved surface sheet structure metal cathode matrix 2-5 facing the air electrode is provided with a plurality of strip structure insulating layers 3-9 extending in a zigzag shape. The strip-shaped structure insulating layer 3-9 is adhered to the surface of the curved surface sheet-shaped structure metal cathode substrate 2-5, and covers the curved surface sheet-shaped structure metal cathode substrate 2-5 in the adhesion area. And the area of the curved surface sheet structure metal cathode substrate 2-5 which is not covered by the strip structure insulating layer 3-9 is used for forming an electric field between the battery and the battery anode.

Preferred embodiment five: the metal negative electrode of the chemical battery in this embodiment is a metal negative electrode of a planar plate type structure, see fig. 8. The metal cathode substrate is a plate-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-6; the surface of the metal cathode matrix 2-6 with the plate-shaped structure facing the air electrode is attached with an insulating layer 3-6 with an irregular through groove inside; the insulating layer 3-6 with the irregular through grooves is internally provided with a plurality of independent through grooves 3-6-1 with irregular shapes, and the through grooves are used for exposing the metal cathode matrix 2-6 with the plate-shaped structure in the grooves to the outside and opposite to the battery anode in the chemical battery to form an electric field. The metal cathode matrix 2-6 with the plate-shaped structure is tightly attached to the insulating layer 3-6 with the irregular through groove arranged inside, and the metal cathode matrix 2-6 with the plate-shaped structure in the attached area is covered by the insulating layer. The bottom of the metal cathode is provided with a unidirectional inclined metal cathode bottom 5-3. In the embodiment, the plate-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-6, the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 and the electric output end conductor 1-1 are integrally made of the same metal material, and no boundary exists among the three.

Preferred embodiment six: a plate-type structure chemical battery with metal cathode. As shown in fig. 9, the metal cathode substrate 2-1, the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 and the electrical output end conductor 1-1 of the metal cathode have a strip structure, are made of the same material and are integrally formed. As shown in FIG. 10, the insulation layer 3-8 with a sleeve structure is composed of a separation gate 3-8-1 with a sleeve structure insulation layer and a sleeve inlet 3-8-2 with a sleeve structure insulation layer. The strip-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-1 in fig. 9 is inserted into the sleeve-shaped insulating layer from the sleeve-shaped insulating layer sleeve inlet 3-8-2 in fig. 10, and the plate-shaped metal cathode shown in fig. 11 is formed. The side edge of the sleeve-shaped structure insulating layer separation grid 3-8-1 is attached to and covers the side edge of the strip-shaped structure metal cathode substrate 2-1, the strip-shaped structure metal cathode substrate 2-1 which is not covered by the side edge of the sleeve-shaped structure insulating layer separation grid 3-8-1 is exposed on the outer surface, and an electric field is formed between the chemical battery and the battery anode.

The preferred embodiment is seven: a chemical battery with plate-type structure metal cathode and a covering method of an insulating layer. As shown in fig. 12, the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 of the metal cathode and the electrical output end conductor 1-1 are made of different materials to form separate bodies, and the two are tightly combined together to realize conductive connection. The conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector is embedded in the insulating layer 3-7 of the buried structure, and is tightly bonded therebetween. A penetrating groove 3-4 in the insulating layer is arranged in an embedding structure insulating layer 3-7 at one side of the metal cathode, which faces to the anode of the battery, in the chemical battery, and a conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 positioned at the penetrating groove 3-4 in the insulating layer is not covered by the embedding structure insulating layer 3-7; the embedded structure insulating layers 3-7 positioned on other side surfaces of the metal cathode are all compact and complete structures, and completely cover other areas of the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1. The embedded structure insulating layers 3-7 are rigid structures and temperature resistant. As shown in fig. 12, the molten metal negative electrode base material is poured into the through groove 3-4 in the insulating layer, and after solidification, the metal negative electrode base 2-1 with a strip structure as shown in fig. 13 is formed. The bottom of the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure is tightly combined with the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector to realize conductive connection. The material of the strip-shaped metal cathode substrate 2-1 is different from that of the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 and the electric output end conductor 1-1. The embedded structure insulating layer 3-7 is tightly combined with and covers the side surface of the strip-shaped structure metal cathode matrix 2-1. In the chemical battery, an electric field is formed between the exposed area of the metal cathode substrate 2-1 with the strip structure and the anode of the battery.

Preferred embodiment eight: a chemical battery with plate-type structure metal cathode and a covering method of an insulating layer. As shown in fig. 14, the conductive connector conductive layer 4-1 of the metal negative electrode and the electrical output end conductor 1-1 are made of the same material and are made into an integrated structure. The conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector is embedded in the insulating layer 3-7 of the buried structure, and is tightly bonded therebetween. In the chemical battery, an embedded structure insulating layer 3-7 at one side of a metal cathode opposite to a battery anode is provided with an insulating layer inner through hole 3-3, and a conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 positioned at the insulating layer inner through groove 3-3 is not covered by the embedded structure insulating layer 3-7. The embedded structure insulating layers 3-7 positioned on other side surfaces of the metal cathode are all compact and complete structures, and the conductive connecting body conductive layer 4-1 is completely covered. The embedded structure insulating layer 3-7 is a rigid structure as a whole, but has elasticity at the through hole 3-3 in the insulating layer. As shown in fig. 14, the metal negative electrode substrate 2-2 of the columnar structure is inserted (embedded) into the through-hole 3-3 in the insulating layer to form a metal negative electrode of the plate-type structure as shown in fig. 15. The bottom of the metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure inserted into the through hole 3-3 in the insulating layer is tightly combined with the conductive layer 4-1 of the conductive connector to realize conductive connection. The metal cathode substrate 2-2 with the columnar structure and the conductive connector conducting layer 4-1 are made of different materials. The embedded structure insulating layer 3-7 is tightly combined with and covers the side surface of the columnar structure metal cathode matrix 2-2. In the chemical battery, an electric field is formed between the exposed region of the metal negative electrode substrate 2-2 of the columnar structure and the positive electrode of the battery. The area of the cylindrical metal cathode matrix 2-2 located in the edge area of the plate-type metal cathode exposed outside is smaller than the area of the cylindrical metal cathode matrix 2-2 located in the middle area of the plate-type metal cathode exposed outside.

In the above examples, the method of covering the metal negative electrode substrate with the insulating layer may be a method of adhering the two substrates together, or a method of bonding the two substrates together, or a method of pressing the two substrates together, or a method of bringing the two substrates close to each other, or a method of inserting one substrate into the other substrate, or a method of pouring one substrate in a molten state into the other substrate and then solidifying and molding the substrate, or a method of combining two or more of the above covering methods.

In the above embodiments, only examples of possible implementation methods are made for the purpose of more clearly understanding the principle of the present invention, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of the negative electrode metal material in the discharging process of the chemical battery, greatly reduce the heat generation and hydrogen evolution in the discharging process of the chemical battery, and also greatly reduce the heat generation and hydrogen evolution when the chemical battery stops discharging and withdrawing liquid, thereby ensuring that the chemical battery can stably generate electricity for a long time and ensuring the safe operation of the chemical battery in the long-term stable generating process. Various combinations and modifications of the above-described embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and such combinations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.