阅读说明：本技术 一种机械用平衡重的制备方法 (Preparation method of mechanical balance weight ) 是由 刘榄 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明主要涉及机械零件加工技术领域,公开了一种机械用平衡重的制备方法,包括：混合水泥、水泥块制备、浇铸液制备、一次浇铸、二次浇铸、后处理；本发明提供的机械用平衡重的制备方法,节约原料和成本,使制备得到的平衡重体积和重量标准,在机械的作业和行驶过程中保持重心稳定,充分提高机械的稳定性和安全性,表面光滑,防止制备和使用过程中发生变形,便于使用,延长平衡重的使用寿命。(The invention mainly relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, and discloses a preparation method of a mechanical balance weight, which comprises the following steps: mixing cement, preparing a cement block, preparing a casting liquid, casting for the first time, casting for the second time and carrying out aftertreatment; the preparation method of the mechanical balancing weight provided by the invention saves raw materials and cost, ensures that the prepared balancing weight has the volume and weight standard, keeps the gravity center stability in the operation and running processes of the machine, fully improves the stability and safety of the machine, has smooth surface, prevents the deformation in the preparation and use processes, is convenient to use, and prolongs the service life of the balancing weight.)

1. A method for preparing a balancing weight for a machine, comprising the steps of:

(1) mixing cement: mixing cement and broken stone, stirring for 30-40 min at a speed of 20-25 r/min, adding water, and continuously stirring for 60-90 min to obtain mixed cement;

(2) preparing a cement block: pouring the mixed cement into a cement block mold, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 24-26 kHz for 10-15 min, standing for 20-24 h, demolding, and drying at 75-85 ℃ until no moisture exists to obtain a cement block;

(3) preparing a casting liquid: adding scrap iron and scrap steel into a melting furnace, heating to 610-670 ℃ at a speed of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40-50 min, heating to complete melting at a speed of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat, and stirring for 20-30 min to obtain a casting liquid;

(4) primary casting: placing the cement block in a primary mould, enabling the cement block to be located in the center of the primary mould, injecting a casting liquid into the primary mould, naturally cooling to 440-480 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min, adding the cement block to 1050-1130 ℃ at a speed of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40-50 min, cooling to room temperature, and demoulding to obtain a primary casting;

(5) secondary casting: placing the primary casting piece in a balance weight mould, enabling the primary casting piece to be located in the center of the balance weight mould, injecting a casting liquid into the balance weight mould, preserving heat for 70-90 min at 1050-1130 ℃, naturally cooling to 570-610 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min, cooling to room temperature at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, and demoulding to obtain a secondary casting piece;

(6) and (3) post-treatment: and grinding, polishing and coating the secondary casting to obtain the mechanical balance weight.

2. The method for manufacturing a balancing weight for machines according to claim 1, wherein the cement and the crushed stone in step (1) have a particle size of 1.1 to 1.5cm and a weight ratio of cement to crushed stone =1:2 to 3.

3. A method for producing a balancing weight for machines according to claim 1, wherein the blended cement of the step (1) has a water content of 11 to 12%.

4. The method for preparing a mechanical counterweight according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the cement block mold in step (2) is 1/3-1/2 of the counterweight mold.

5. The method for manufacturing a balancing weight for machines according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the scrap iron to the scrap steel of step (3) is scrap iron to scrap steel =4 to 5: 1.

6. The method for preparing a mechanical counterweight according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the primary mold in step (4) is 2/3-3/4 of the counterweight mold.

7. The method for manufacturing a balancing weight for machines according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step (4) is lowered at a rate of 2 to 3 ℃/min.

8. The method for manufacturing a balancing weight for machines according to claim 1, wherein the grinding in step (6) is performed by grinding with 600# abrasive paper, grinding with 1200# abrasive paper, and grinding with 2000# abrasive paper.

9. A machine balance weight produced by the method for producing a machine balance weight according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, in particular to a preparation method of a mechanical balance weight.

Background

The counterweight is an important accessory of engineering vehicles such as a forklift, an excavator and the like, can keep the balance of the vehicles in the operation and running processes, and can obviously improve the safety factor of the vehicles; at present, 3 preparation methods of the balance weight are generally adopted, one method is a solid cast iron balance weight, and great waste is generated on steel resources; the other method is to cast the steel shell firstly and then cast the pouring material, but the pouring is difficult, the moisture is difficult to discharge, the service life of the balance weight is shortened, the steel shell can deform after the pouring, secondary treatment is needed, the process is complex, a pouring hole can be left after the pouring, the shell of the balance weight is uneven, and the appearance and the use of the balance weight are affected; another method disclosed in CN104565199A is to prepare a weight core, then perform metal casting on the outside of the weight core, that is, prepare the core and then prepare the shell, thus avoiding the disadvantage of easy deformation of the shell, but easily forming air bubbles during the process of casting the shell, and because the shell has a thin thickness, the shell is easily deformed during the use, shortening the service life of the weight, and the material used for the core is not uniform, which causes the volume of the weight to be non-uniform when preparing weights with the same weight, thus significantly limiting the application range of the weight; there is therefore a need for further perfecting the process for the preparation of balancing weights.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing balancing weights for machines.

A method for preparing a balancing weight for a machine comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing cement: mixing cement and broken stone, stirring for 30-40 min at a speed of 20-25 r/min, adding water, and continuously stirring for 60-90 min to fully combine the cement and the broken stone to obtain mixed cement;

(2) preparing a cement block: pouring mixed cement into a cement block mold, performing ultrasonic treatment at 24-26 kHz for 10-15 min, and fully removing gas in the cement to make the structure of the cement block uniform, improve the strength and durability of the cement block, wherein the shape of the cement block mold is not limited, and the volume of the cement block mold is obviously smaller than that of a balance weight mold, so that the prepared cement block can be suitable for balance weights with various volumes, the balance weights with different volumes are prevented from being prepared for each specification, the process is simpler and more convenient, meanwhile, the thickness of a metal layer of the balance weight can be increased, the deformation of the balance weight caused by the fracture of the cement block in the using process is avoided, the service lives of the balance weight and machinery can be prolonged, the balance weight and machinery are kept stand for 20-24 h, demolding is performed, the cement block is dried to no moisture at 75-85 ℃, and the influence of the volatilization of water;

(3) preparing a casting liquid: adding waste iron and waste steel into a melting furnace, changing waste into valuable, saving resources and cost, heating to 610-670 ℃ at the speed of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40-50 min, heating to complete melting at the speed of 3-4 ℃/min, preserving heat, stirring for 20-30 min, completely melting and mixing the waste iron and the waste copper, enabling the strength of the balance weight to be consistent, avoiding deformation in the using process, and playing a good and stable effect on machinery to obtain a casting liquid;

(4) primary casting: placing a cement block in a primary mould, wherein the shape of the primary mould is unlimited, the volume of the primary mould is smaller than that of a counterweight mould, the cement block is positioned in the center of the primary mould, pouring a casting liquid into the primary mould, naturally cooling to 440-480 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min, adding the cement block to 1050-1130 ℃ at a speed of 4-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40-50 min, cooling to room temperature, discharging water possibly remaining in the cement block in a form of water vapor, and simultaneously fully discharging gas in the casting liquid to enable the cement block to be tightly combined with the casting liquid, so that gaps are avoided, the counterweight structure is compact, the strength of the counterweight is remarkably improved, and a primary casting piece is obtained;

(5) secondary casting: placing a primary casting piece in a balance weight mould, enabling the primary casting piece to be located in the center of the balance weight mould, enabling a cement block in the middle to be located in the center of the balance weight, keeping the center of gravity of the balance weight stable, and obviously improving the stability of machinery, injecting a casting liquid into the balance weight mould, preserving heat for 70-90 min at 1050-1130 ℃, naturally cooling to 570-610 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min, cooling to room temperature at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, fully discharging gas in the casting liquid, simultaneously enabling the casting liquid to be fully fused with the surface of the primary casting piece, avoiding gaps among all components of the balance weight, enabling the structure of the balance weight to be compact, prolonging the service life of the balance weight, keeping the center of gravity stable in the operation and driving processes of the machinery, fully improving the stability and safety of the machinery, and demoulding to obtain a secondary casting piece;

(6) and (3) post-treatment: the secondary casting piece is polished, polished and coated, the appearance of the counterweight can be improved, the counterweight can be prevented from being corroded by natural conditions, the service life of the counterweight is prolonged, and the mechanical counterweight is obtained.

The cement and the broken stone in the step (1) have the particle size of 1.1-1.5 cm and the weight ratio of cement to broken stone =1: 2-3.

The water content of the mixed cement obtained in the step (1) is 11-12%.

The volume of the cement block mould in the step (2) is 1/3-1/2 of the counterweight mould.

The weight ratio of the scrap iron to the scrap steel in the step (3) is scrap iron to scrap steel = 4-5: 1.

And (4) the volume of the primary die in the step (4) is 2/3-3/4 of the counterweight die.

And (4) cooling, wherein the cooling speed is 2-3 ℃/min.

And (4) polishing in the step (6), firstly polishing with 600# abrasive paper, then polishing with 1200# abrasive paper, and then polishing with 2000# abrasive paper.

The preparation method of the balancing weight for the machine is used for preparing the balancing weight for the machine.

The invention has the advantages that: the preparation method of the mechanical balancing weight provided by the invention saves raw materials and cost, ensures that the prepared balancing weight has the volume and weight standard, keeps the gravity center stable in the operation and running processes of the machine, fully improves the stability and safety of the machine, has smooth surface, prevents the deformation in the preparation and use processes, is convenient to use, and prolongs the service life of the balancing weight; mixing cement and broken stone according to a weight ratio, adding water, and stirring to fully combine the cement and the broken stone; the mixed cement is poured into a cement block mould, ultrasound is carried out, gas in the cement is fully removed, the structure of the cement block is uniform, the strength and the durability of the cement block are improved, the shape of the cement block mould is not limited, the volume of the cement block mould is obviously smaller than that of a balance weight mould, the prepared cement block can be suitable for balance weights with various volumes, the cement blocks with different volumes are prevented from being prepared for balance weights of various specifications, the process is simpler and more convenient, the thickness of a metal layer of the balance weight can be increased, the deformation of the balance weight caused by the fracture of the cement block in the using process can be avoided, the service lives of the balance weight and a machine can be prolonged, drying is carried out after demoulding, and the influence of the volatilization of steam on the structure and the balance effect of; the waste iron and the waste copper are mixed according to the proportion, so that waste materials are changed into valuable materials, resources and cost are saved, heat preservation is carried out after the waste iron and the waste copper are heated to a certain temperature, heating and heat preservation are carried out continuously, the waste iron and the waste copper are completely melted and mixed, the strength of the balance weight is consistent, deformation in the using process is avoided, and a good and stable effect is achieved on machinery; placing the cement block in the center of a primary mould, wherein the shape of the primary mould is unlimited, the volume of the primary mould is smaller than that of a counterweight mould, injecting casting liquid, naturally cooling to a certain temperature, then preserving heat, quickly heating, discharging water possibly remaining in the cement block in a water vapor mode, and simultaneously fully discharging gas in the casting liquid to enable the cement block to be tightly combined with the casting liquid, so that gaps are avoided, the counterweight structure is compact, and the strength of the counterweight is obviously improved; then the primary casting piece is placed in the center of the balance weight die, and then the casting liquid is injected, so that the cement block is in the center of the balance weight, the center of gravity of the balance weight can be kept stable, the stability of the machine can be obviously improved, the casting liquid is firstly kept at high temperature for a long time after being injected, the gas in the casting liquid can be fully discharged, meanwhile, the casting liquid is fully fused with the surface of the primary casting piece, gaps among all components of the balance weight are avoided, the structure of the balance weight is compact, the service life of the balance weight is prolonged, the center of gravity is kept stable in the operation and driving processes of the machine, and the stability and the safety of the machine are fully improved; and finally, the surface of the counterweight is subjected to aftertreatment, so that the appearance of the counterweight can be improved, the counterweight can be prevented from being corroded by natural conditions, and the service life of the counterweight is prolonged.

Drawings

In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a mechanical balancing weight according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.