阅读说明：本技术 一种通过脉宽调制控制电机转速和转向的系统 (System for controlling rotating speed and steering of motor through pulse width modulation ) 是由 卢薪 杨剑锋 于 2018-08-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种通过脉宽调制控制电机转速和转向的系统,包括：电机调速模块,基于脉宽调制,通过调节供电电枢两端电压U的大小；驱动电路模块,采用四个场效应管接在电机两端,改变场效应管的通断；电机测速模块,电机的测速部分采用霍尔元器件,电机启动时带动扇叶上的两个磁铁转动；开关电路模块,由五个四脚轻触开关组成,一端接地,另一端接单片机P1.0到P1.4端口,分别负责电机的正向、反向、加速、减速以及电机开关；转速显示模块,单片机将计算后的速度数值传到LCD显示器显示电机实时转速。(A system for controlling motor speed and steering via pulse width modulation, comprising: the motor speed regulation module is used for regulating the voltage U at two ends of the power supply armature based on pulse width modulation; the driving circuit module adopts four field effect tubes connected at two ends of the motor to change the on-off of the field effect tubes; the motor speed measuring module adopts a Hall element and drives two magnets on the fan blades to rotate when the motor is started; the switch circuit module consists of five four-pin light-touch switches, one end of the switch circuit module is grounded, and the other end of the switch circuit module is connected with ports P1.0 to P1.4 of the single chip microcomputer and is respectively responsible for forward direction, reverse direction, acceleration and deceleration of the motor and switching of the motor; and the single chip microcomputer transmits the calculated speed value to the LCD to display the real-time rotating speed of the motor.)

1. A system for controlling motor speed and direction by pulse width modulation, comprising:

(1) the motor speed regulation module: based on pulse width modulation, the rotating speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the voltage U at the two ends of the power supply armature; the single chip microcomputer outputs voltages with different magnitudes, the voltages at two ends of the motor are changed through the control circuit, and finally the rotating speed is adjusted;

(2) a driving circuit module: four field effect tubes are connected to two ends of the motor, the on-off of the field effect tubes is changed, the motor rotates reversely or positively, and four diodes are added to prevent the reverse electromotive force generated when the motor stops from influencing the circuit and stabilize the voltage of the circuit;

(3) the motor speed measuring module: the speed measuring part of the motor adopts Hall elements, when the motor is started, the two magnets on the fan blades are driven to rotate, the magnetic flux of the Hall elements in a period of time is changed, meanwhile, the Hall elements are converted into electric signals to be sent to the single chip microcomputer, and the program in the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of the motor in unit time;

(4) a switch circuit module: the four-pin light touch switch is composed of five four-pin light touch switches, one end of each four-pin light touch switch is grounded, and the other end of each four-pin light touch switch is connected with ports from P1.0 to P1.4 of the single chip microcomputer and is respectively responsible for forward direction, reverse direction, acceleration and deceleration of the motor and switching on and off of the motor;

(5) a rotating speed display module: the singlechip transmits the calculated speed value to an LCD display to display the real-time rotating speed of the motor.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to a system for controlling the rotating speed and the steering of a motor through pulse width modulation.

Background

Electric machines are the most widely used devices in today's society to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Various motors are used in large quantities in industrial and agricultural production, health care, business and office equipment, and in household appliances and consumer electronics products in daily life. Among them, the dc motor plays a very important role in life due to its high efficiency. However, the existing direct current motor control system is simple and does not realize the running state of the motor in real time, so that the wire brush in the motor is greatly lost in use and is troublesome to maintain.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a system for controlling the rotating speed and the rotating direction of a motor through pulse width modulation, which can accurately and rapidly control the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the motor, can display the rotating speed of the motor in real time and is convenient for knowing the rotating speed dynamics of the motor at any time.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a system for controlling motor speed and direction by pulse width modulation, comprising:

(1) the motor speed regulation module: based on pulse width modulation, the rotating speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the voltage U at the two ends of the power supply armature; the single chip microcomputer outputs voltages with different magnitudes, the voltages at two ends of the motor are changed through the control circuit, and finally the rotating speed is adjusted;

(2) a driving circuit module: four field effect tubes are connected to two ends of the motor, the on-off of the field effect tubes is changed, the motor rotates reversely or positively, and four diodes are added to prevent the reverse electromotive force generated when the motor stops from influencing the circuit and stabilize the voltage of the circuit;

(3) the motor speed measuring module: the speed measuring part of the motor adopts Hall elements, when the motor is started, the two magnets on the fan blades are driven to rotate, the magnetic flux of the Hall elements in a period of time is changed, meanwhile, the Hall elements are converted into electric signals to be sent to the single chip microcomputer, and the program in the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of the motor in unit time;

(4) a switch circuit module: the four-pin light touch switch is composed of five four-pin light touch switches, one end of each four-pin light touch switch is grounded, and the other end of each four-pin light touch switch is connected with ports from P1.0 to P1.4 of the single chip microcomputer and is respectively responsible for forward direction, reverse direction, acceleration and deceleration of the motor and switching on and off of the motor;

(5) a rotating speed display module: the singlechip transmits the calculated speed value to an LCD display to display the real-time rotating speed of the motor.

The invention can accurately and rapidly control the rotating speed of the motor and the motor rotation direction through pulse width modulation, and simultaneously, the rotating speed of the motor can be displayed in real time, thereby being convenient for knowing the rotating speed dynamics of the motor at any time and reducing or avoiding the occurrence of faults.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes:

the motor speed regulation module: based on pulse width modulation, the rotating speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the voltage U at the two ends of the power supply armature. The single chip microcomputer outputs voltages with different magnitudes, the voltages at two ends of the motor are changed through the control circuit, and finally the rotating speed is adjusted.

A driving circuit module: four field effect tubes are connected to two ends of the motor, and the on-off of the field effect tubes is changed, so that the motor rotates reversely or forwardly. And meanwhile, four diodes are added, so that the influence of the reverse electromotive force generated when the motor stops on the circuit is prevented, and the voltage of the circuit is stabilized.

The motor speed measuring module: the speed measuring part of the motor adopts Hall components. When the motor is started, the two magnets on the fan blades are driven to rotate, the magnetic flux of the Hall elements in a period of time is changed, the Hall elements are converted into electric signals to be sent to the single chip microcomputer, and the program in the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of the motor in unit time.

A switch circuit module: the four-pin soft touch switch is composed of five four-pin soft touch switches, one end of each soft touch switch is grounded, and the other end of each soft touch switch is connected with ports from P1.0 to P1.4 of the single chip microcomputer and is respectively responsible for forward direction, reverse direction, acceleration and deceleration of the motor and switching of the motor.

A rotating speed display module: the singlechip transmits the calculated speed value to an LCD display to display the real-time rotating speed of the motor.