阅读说明：本技术 一种高效光热水蒸发的方法与装置 (Method and device for efficient photo-thermal water evaporation ) 是由 孙再成 孙瑜堃 曲丹 于 2019-12-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种高效光热水蒸发的方法与装置,涉及水蒸发技术领域。包含水传输通道、漂浮/隔热层、富水多孔材料层、贫水多孔材料层以及光热转换材料层。漂浮/隔热层将器件整体漂浮于水表面,通过传输通道的强吸水特性将水体与器件相连接并向器件提供足够的水；富水多孔材料层采用强吸水的多孔材料层能够将水从传输通道内分散到富水层内部并扩展到器件的全部；贫水多孔材料层是相对较弱吸水材料；光热转换材料层是具有较高光热转换能力的材料。通过水传输通道和富水多孔材料层将水先进行一步快速的水传输和水分散,然后再通过贫水层将光热材料所接触到的水体的量进一步降低,最终可以实现在光热材料局部高效地加热微量水,提高水蒸发速率。(A method and a device for high-efficiency photo-thermal water evaporation relate to the technical field of water evaporation. Comprising a water transport channel, a flotation/insulation layer, a water-rich porous material layer, a water-poor porous material layer, and a photothermal conversion material layer. The floating/heat insulation layer floats the device on the water surface, and the water body is connected with the device through the strong water absorption characteristic of the transmission channel and provides enough water for the device; the water-rich porous material layer adopts a strong water-absorbing porous material layer, so that water can be dispersed into the water-rich layer from the transmission channel and can be expanded to the whole device; the water-poor porous material layer is a relatively weak water-absorbing material; the photothermal conversion material layer is a material having a higher photothermal conversion ability. Water is firstly rapidly subjected to water transmission and water dispersion through the water transmission channel and the water-rich porous material layer, and then the quantity of a water body contacted by the photo-thermal material is further reduced through the water-poor layer, so that micro water can be locally and efficiently heated in the photo-thermal material, and the water evaporation rate is improved.)

1. A high-efficiency solar hot water evaporation device is characterized by comprising a floating/heat insulation layer (1), a water-rich porous material layer (2), a water-poor porous material layer (3), a photo-thermal conversion material layer (4) and a water transmission channel (5), wherein the floating/heat insulation layer, the water-rich porous material layer, the water-poor porous material layer and the photo-thermal conversion material layer are sequentially arranged from the water surface to the top; the four layers are combined in sequence, a plurality of through holes which are communicated up and down are arranged in the combination of at least a floating/heat insulation layer, a water-rich porous material layer and a water-poor porous material layer, and strip-shaped water absorbing materials A are arranged in the through holes and directly extend downwards into water to be used as water transmission channels; the device with the structure floats on the water surface.

2. The high-efficiency solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the floating/thermal insulation layer (1) is 1-10mm, the thickness of the water-rich porous material layer (2) is 1-10mm, the thickness of the water-poor porous material layer (3) is 100-1000 μm, and the thickness of the photothermal conversion material layer (4) is 100-1000 μm.

3. The highly efficient solar photothermal water evaporation device of claim 1, wherein said floating/insulating layer is made of materials such as foam, sponge, wood board, plastic board, etc. which can assist the device to float on water.

4. The high-efficiency solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbing material A, i.e. the water transmission channel, is made of super water absorbing material, and the saturated absorption capacity of the water transmission channel is greater than or equal to 400%; including but not limited to microfiber fabric, superabsorbent polymer fabric, absorbent cotton, absorbent fiber, absorbent paper, and the like.

5. The highly efficient solar photothermal water evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the number of water transport channels is increased as the area of the photothermal layer is enlarged.

6. The high-efficiency solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein said water-rich porous material layer is made of a porous material with a saturated absorption capacity of more than 400%; including but not limited to porous material layers such as strongly water absorbing polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, superabsorbent polymer fibers, sponges, foams.

7. The highly efficient solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein the water-poor porous material layer is made of porous material with saturated absorption capacity of 100-400%, such as but not limited to filter paper, cotton cloth, etc.

8. The highly efficient solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein said photothermal conversion material layer is mainly made of photothermal conversion material, including but not limited to noble metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, polymer material with photothermal property, carbon material or dye; the noble metal nano material is preferably selected from gold, silver and other nano particles or nano structures; the semiconductor nanomaterial is preferably selected from narrow band inorganic semiconductor materials such as copper sulfide, nickel sulfide, etc. and black semiconductor materials formed due to defects such as black titanium dioxide, defective tungsten oxide, etc.; the polymer material is preferably selected from polypyrrole, polydopamine and the like; carbon materials refer to various carbon materials such as graphene oxide; the dye mainly refers to black dye.

9. The high efficiency solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein the saturated water absorption is defined as: (mass of porous material after water absorption reaches saturation-mass of porous material in dry state)/mass of porous material in dry state x 100%.

10. The highly efficient solar photothermal water evaporation device according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal material is filtered through the aqueous dispersion or deposited on the water-poor porous material layer to achieve intimate contact between the photothermal material and the water-poor layer; the poor water layer and the rich water layer are adhered together by glue or sewing through the wetting action of water, and air is not left as far as possible to ensure that the poor water layer and the rich water layer are in close contact.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water evaporation, in particular to a method and a device for high-efficiency water evaporation.

Background

The method for evaporating water by solar energy through the photo-thermal material is a sustainable, green and environment-friendly method for realizing seawater desalination, heavy metal sewage treatment and waste liquid concentration. Nowadays, increasingly paying attention to environmental protection and energy shortage, how to fully utilize solar energy is widely paid attention to.

The traditional water evaporation adopts a direct heating mode until water boils, so that the whole water is heated to a boiling point, and a large amount of fossil energy is consumed. In the evaporation of water in nature, sunlight is directly irradiated on the water surface, and the evaporation rate is low due to the weak absorption of light by water. In recent years, with the development of photothermal conversion materials, solutions have been proposed to increase the evaporation rate of water by introducing photothermal materials. Researchers have developed a large number of photothermal materials such as plasmonic nanoparticles, narrow band based semiconductor nanoparticles, polymer materials, and various carbon materials. The materials are widely applied to the aspects of seawater desalination, salt drying, sewage treatment and the like. When designing a high-efficiency water evaporation device, not only the photothermal conversion efficiency of the photothermal material itself but also the influence of the device structure on the water evaporation efficiency should be considered. The photo-thermal material is directly dispersed into water, so that the heating efficiency of the water is improved, but the water evaporation can be realized only by heating the whole water body, so that the efficiency is low, and therefore, the photo-thermal material floats on the surface of the water body, only the surface layer of the water is heated, the amount of the heated water is reduced, and the evaporation rate of the water is improved. However, the amount of water heated to the surface layer is still high relative to the photothermal material. How to further reduce the amount of water heated by the photothermal material is therefore a key factor affecting the rate of water evaporation. Based on the consideration, the invention designs a novel multilayer structure high-efficiency water evaporation device. The device realizes the regulation and control of the quality of the water heated by the photo-thermal material by regulating and controlling the saturated water content among the layers, thereby realizing high-efficiency water evaporation rate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for realizing efficient photo-thermal water evaporation based on solar energy, which can be applied to the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment, salt drying and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a high-efficiency solar hot water evaporation device comprises a floating/heat-insulating layer (1), a water-rich porous material layer (2), a water-poor porous material layer (3), a photo-thermal conversion material layer (4) and a water transmission channel (5), wherein the floating/heat-insulating layer, the water-rich porous material layer, the water-poor porous material layer and the photo-thermal conversion material layer are sequentially arranged from the water surface to the top; the four layers are combined in sequence, a plurality of through holes which are communicated up and down are arranged in the combination of at least a floating/heat insulation layer, a water-rich porous material layer and a water-poor porous material layer, and strip-shaped water absorbing materials A are arranged in the through holes and directly extend downwards into water to be used as water transmission channels; the device with the structure floats on the water surface.

The thickness of the floating/heat-insulating layer (1) is 1-10mm, the thickness of the water-rich porous material layer (2) is 1-10mm, the thickness of the water-poor porous material layer (3) is 100-1000 mu m, and the thickness of the photothermal conversion material layer (4) is 100-1000 mu m.

Preferably, the material of the floating/insulating layer includes, but is not limited to, foam, sponge, wood board, plastic board, etc. which can assist the device to float on the water surface.

Preferably, the water absorbing material a, i.e. the water transmission channel, is made of super water absorbing material such as superfine fiber fabric, super water absorbing polymer fiber fabric, water absorbing cotton cloth, water absorbing fiber, water absorbing paper, etc., and can be increased into a plurality of water transmission channels as the area of the photothermal layer is enlarged. The saturated absorption capacity of the material of the water transmission channel is more than or equal to 400 percent.

Preferably, the material of the water-rich porous material layer is selected from porous materials with the saturated absorption capacity of more than 400%, and the water-rich porous material layer has good water transmission performance. Including but not limited to porous material layers such as strongly water absorbing polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, superabsorbent polymer fibers, sponges, foams.

Preferably, the material of the water-poor porous material layer has a saturated absorption capacity of 100-400%, and includes, but is not limited to, filter paper, cotton cloth, etc.

Preferably, the material of the photothermal conversion material layer is mainly photothermal conversion material, including but not limited to noble metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, polymer material with photothermal property, carbon material or dye; the noble metal nano material comprises gold, silver and other nano particles or nano structures; the semiconductor nano material comprises a narrow-band inorganic semiconductor material such as copper sulfide, nickel sulfide and the like, and a black semiconductor material formed due to defects such as black titanium dioxide, defective tungsten oxide and the like; polymeric materials such as polypyrrole, polydopamine, and the like; carbon materials refer to various carbon materials such as graphene oxide; the dye mainly refers to black dye.

The saturated water absorption is defined as: (mass of porous material after water absorption reaches saturation-mass of porous material in dry state)/mass of porous material in dry state x 100%.

The photothermal material is filtered or deposited on the water-poor porous material layer through the aqueous dispersion to realize the close contact of the photothermal material and the water-poor layer; the poor water layer and the rich water layer are adhered together by glue or sewing through the wetting action of water, and air is not left as far as possible to ensure that the poor water layer and the rich water layer are in close contact.

The floating/heat insulation layer floats the device on the liquid surface integrally, and reduces the heat transmission of the device to the water body; connecting the water body with the device through the strong water absorption characteristic of the transmission channel and providing enough water for the device; the water-rich porous material layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol with strong water absorption, super water-absorbing polymer fiber, sponge and foam, and can disperse water from the transmission channel into the water-rich layer and extend to the whole device; the water-poor porous material layer is made of relatively weak water-absorbing materials such as filter paper and cotton cloth; the photothermal conversion material layer is a material with high photothermal conversion capability, such as carbon material, polymer material, semiconductor material, and other black light absorbing material. Water is firstly rapidly transmitted and dispersed through the water transmission channel and the water-rich porous material layer, then the quantity of a water body contacted by the photo-thermal material is further reduced through the poor water layer, and finally micro water can be efficiently heated locally on the photo-thermal material, so that the aim of improving the water evaporation rate is fulfilled.

The invention constructs a low-cost and high-efficiency water evaporation device which can float on the water surface under sunlightCan reach 1.8 Kg.m^-2·h^-1The evaporation rate of (c). If a proper water recovery device is additionally arranged on the device, the seawater desalination can be realized. Can realize high-efficiency sewage concentration and salt drying and the like without a water recovery device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high efficiency water evaporation apparatus;

the solar water heater comprises a floating/heat insulation layer 1, a water-rich porous material layer 2, a water-poor porous material layer 3, a photo-thermal conversion material layer 4, a water transmission channel 5 and a water body 6.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional electron microscope view of the water evaporation device;

FIG. 3 is a graph of water evaporation over time;

fig. 4 is a photograph of the device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.