While-drilling sound wave remote detection system and method

文档序号：1445194 发布日期：2020-02-18 浏览：13次中文

阅读说明：本技术 随钻声波远探测系统及方法 (While-drilling sound wave remote detection system and method ) 是由曾义金朱祖扬李丰波张卫吴海燕赵文杰李三国米金泰崔谦廖东良于 2018-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种随钻声波远探测系统,其包含：随钻声波测量仪,其用于在接收测量指令后,通过地层声速测量模式以及储层界面探测模式获取地层的声波速度数据以及储层界面的反射波数据；综合处理装置,其用于在接单根间隙或起钻前发送测量指令,并接收随钻声波测量仪传送的声波速度数据以及反射波数据,根据声波速度数据以及反射波数据确定储层界面的位置；传输装置,其连接在随钻声波测量仪以及综合处理装置之间,用于传送测量指令、声波速度数据以及反射波数据。本发明解决了由于随钻地球物理数据欠缺,不能高精度定位井下地层速度模型,导致对地层界面识别失效的难题,在钻井过程中可以快速获取大量的井下探测数据,能够对储层界面精准定位。(The invention provides a while-drilling acoustic wave remote detection system, which comprises: the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument is used for acquiring acoustic velocity data of the stratum and reflected wave data of a reservoir interface through a stratum acoustic velocity measurement mode and a reservoir interface detection mode after receiving a measurement instruction; the comprehensive processing device is used for sending a measurement instruction before a single joint gap is connected or tripping is carried out, receiving acoustic velocity data and reflected wave data transmitted by the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument and determining the position of a reservoir interface according to the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data; and the transmission device is connected between the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument and the comprehensive processing device and is used for transmitting the measuring instruction, the acoustic wave speed data and the reflected wave data. The method solves the problem that the identification of the stratum interface is invalid due to the fact that the underground stratum speed model cannot be accurately positioned due to the lack of geophysical data while drilling, can quickly acquire a large amount of underground detection data in the drilling process, and can accurately position the reservoir interface.)

1. An acoustic while drilling remote sensing system, comprising:

the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument is used for acquiring acoustic velocity data of the stratum and reflected wave data of a reservoir interface through a stratum acoustic velocity measurement mode and a reservoir interface detection mode after receiving a measurement instruction;

the comprehensive processing device is used for sending the measurement instruction before a single joint gap or tripping is connected, receiving the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data sent by the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument, and determining the position of a reservoir interface according to the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data;

and the transmission device is connected between the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument and the comprehensive processing device and is used for transmitting the measuring instruction, the acoustic wave speed data and the reflected wave data.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic while drilling tool comprises:

a sound source system including a sound source generating device for emitting transverse waves of different frequencies;

and the receiver array is used for receiving the transverse waves emitted by the sound source system.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the acoustic source system comprises:

the first transverse wave generating device is used for emitting a first transverse wave in the formation sound velocity measuring mode, wherein the first transverse wave propagates along the well wall;

and the second shear wave generating device is used for emitting a second shear wave in the detection mode of the reservoir interface, wherein the second shear wave is transmitted to the formation outside the well and reflected back into the well after reaching the upper reservoir interface and the lower reservoir interface.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the receiver array comprises:

and the conventional receiving transducer is used for receiving the first transverse wave in the formation sound velocity measurement mode to acquire the sound wave velocity data, and receiving the second transverse wave in the reservoir interface detection mode to acquire the reflected wave data.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the receiver array further comprises:

and the noise attenuator comprises an audio sensor and is used for collecting the environmental noise in the shaft when the sound source system does not work, processing the environmental noise and eliminating the noise.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the receiver array further comprises:

a notch disposed between the conventional receiving transducer and the audio sensor for blocking a sound source.

7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the acoustic while drilling tool comprises:

and the azimuth module comprises a micro triaxial fluxgate and is used for measuring the earth magnetic field, so that the acoustic wave measurement while drilling instrument is subjected to high-precision azimuth detection, and the relative position of the reservoir interface and the well bore is calibrated.

8. A method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection, comprising the steps of:

sending a measurement instruction through a comprehensive processing device before a single joint gap is connected or the drill is started, and transmitting the measurement instruction to a while-drilling acoustic wave measuring instrument through a transmission device;

after receiving the measurement instruction, acquiring acoustic velocity data of the stratum and reflected wave data of a reservoir interface through a stratum acoustic velocity measurement mode and a reservoir interface detection mode, and transmitting the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data to the comprehensive processing device through the transmission device;

and receiving the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data transmitted by the acoustic while drilling measuring instrument, and determining the position of a reservoir interface away from a borehole or a drill bit according to the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data.

9. The method of claim 8,

emitting a first transverse wave in the formation sound velocity measurement mode, wherein the first transverse wave propagates along the borehole wall;

and emitting a second transverse wave in the detection mode of the reservoir interface, wherein the second transverse wave is transmitted to the underground stratum and reflected back into the well after reaching the upper reservoir interface and the lower reservoir interface.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the acoustic velocity data is acquired by receiving the first shear wave in the formation sonic measurement mode and the reflected wave data is acquired by receiving the second shear wave in the reservoir boundary detection mode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of petroleum engineering, in particular to a while-drilling sound wave remote detection system and a method.

Background

Along with the development of unconventional oil and gas fields such as shale gas, compact oil and gas and the like, the drilling technology of highly deviated wells and horizontal wells is rapidly developed. The economic benefits brought by the horizontal well are obvious, the oil and gas recovery rate is greatly improved as the horizontal well traverses underground cracks and underground hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the single well yield is far higher than that of a vertical well. However, due to the thin unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and the strong heterogeneity of the reservoirs, the drilling rate of the oil and gas reservoirs is low, and a serious challenge is provided for the horizontal well drilling technology. Under the condition that the near-bit geosteering drilling technology is not mature, a drill bit can easily drill a hydrocarbon reservoir in the horizontal well drilling process, the drilling track cannot be adjusted in time, and huge drilling cost is caused.

Many sensors are currently installed near the drill bit to measure the borehole and formation related parameters, such as depth of the formation using azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity, and enable identification of formation boundaries and azimuthal information several meters away for geosteering drilling. Although azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity solves the problem of identifying formation boundaries, it still has limited depth of investigation and does not result in an optimal borehole trajectory.

Therefore, the invention provides a while-drilling sound wave remote detection system and a method.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a while-drilling acoustic wave remote detection system, comprising:

According to one embodiment of the invention, the acoustic while drilling tool comprises:

a sound source system including a sound source generating device for emitting transverse waves of different frequencies;

and the receiver array is used for receiving the transverse waves emitted by the sound source system.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sound source system includes:

According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver array comprises:

According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver array further comprises:

a notch disposed between the conventional receiving transducer and the audio sensor for blocking a sound source.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the acoustic while drilling tool comprises:

According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection, the method comprising the following steps:

According to one embodiment of the invention, a first transverse wave is emitted in the formation sound velocity measurement mode, wherein the first transverse wave propagates along the borehole wall;

According to one embodiment of the invention, the acoustic velocity data is acquired by receiving the first shear wave in the formation acoustic velocity measurement mode, and the reflected wave data is acquired by receiving the second shear wave in the reservoir boundary detection mode.

The acoustic wave far detection while drilling system provided by the invention solves the problem that identification of a stratum interface is invalid due to the fact that the geophysical data while drilling are lack and an underground stratum speed model cannot be positioned with high precision, can quickly acquire a large amount of underground detection data in the drilling process, and can accurately position the reservoir interface, so that basic data are provided for optimizing a well track and implementing high-precision drilling, the measurement precision is improved, and the aim of high-precision drilling is fulfilled.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound wave while drilling far detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic wave while drilling remote detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system comprises an integrated processing device 101, a transmission device 102 and a while drilling acoustic wave measuring instrument 103. In addition, the icons in fig. 1 are represented as: a drilling platform 104, a formation 105, a drill pipe 106, an upper reservoir interface 107a, a lower reservoir interface 107b, a drill collar 108, and a drill bit 109.

In the acoustic far detection while drilling system provided by the present invention, the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument 103 is configured to obtain acoustic velocity data of the formation and reflected wave data of the reservoir interface in a formation acoustic velocity measurement mode and a reservoir interface detection mode after receiving a measurement instruction.

As shown in fig. 1, the integrated processing device 101 is configured to send the measurement command before making a single joint or tripping, receive sonic velocity data and reflected wave data transmitted by the sonic while drilling gauge, and determine the location of the reservoir interface according to the sonic velocity data and the reflected wave data.

The transmission device 102 is connected between the while drilling acoustic wave measuring instrument and the integrated processing device and is used for transmitting a measuring instruction, acoustic wave speed data and reflected wave data. According to one embodiment of the invention, the transmission device 102 may transmit the measurement instructions, the acoustic velocity data, and the reflected wave data by means of mud pulse transmission.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the acoustic wave while drilling gauge comprises: an acoustic source system (T1, T2) and a receiver array (R1-R6). Wherein the sound source system comprises a sound source generating device for emitting transverse waves with different frequencies. The receiver array is used for receiving transverse waves emitted by the sound source system.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sound source system includes: a first shear wave generator T1 and a second shear wave generator T2.

The first transverse wave generating device T1 is used for emitting a first transverse wave in the formation sound velocity measurement mode, wherein the first transverse wave propagates along the borehole wall. For example, the first shear wave may be a medium-high frequency shear wave of 6-10 kHz.

The second shear wave generator T2 is configured to emit a second shear wave in the reservoir boundary detection mode, wherein the second shear wave propagates towards the formation outside the well and is reflected back into the well after reaching the upper reservoir boundary and the lower reservoir boundary. For example, the second transverse wave may be a low frequency transverse wave of 2 kHz.

Accordingly, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a receiver array comprises: conventional receiving transducers (R1-R4). The method is used for receiving the first transverse wave in a stratum sound velocity measurement mode to obtain sound wave velocity data, and receiving the second transverse wave in a reservoir interface detection mode to obtain reflected wave data.

To reduce noise, according to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver array further comprises: noise attenuators (R5-R6). The noise attenuator (R5-R6) comprises an audio sensor and is used for collecting the environmental noise in the shaft when the sound source system does not work, processing the environmental noise and eliminating the noise.

In order to block the acoustic source, according to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver array further comprises: and (6) grooving. Which is arranged between the conventional receiving transducer and the audio sensor for blocking the sound source. In one embodiment, the score is disposed between R4 and R5 and R5 and R6.

In the acoustic far-detection while drilling system provided by the present invention, the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument may further comprise: and a direction module. The orientation module is arranged in the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument 103 and comprises a micro triaxial fluxgate for measuring the earth magnetic field, so that the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument is subjected to high-precision orientation detection, and the relative position of a reservoir interface and a borehole is calibrated.

As shown in FIG. 1, the acoustic source train (T1, T2) and the receiver array (R1-R6) are both mounted on the drill collar 108. The sound source system comprises two sound sources T1 and T2, the receiver array comprises R1, R2, R3 and R4 conventional receiving transducers and R5 and R6 large dynamic range audio sensors, and notches for sound insulation are arranged between R4 and R5 and between R5 and R6. The acoustic source T2 emits a low frequency transverse wave at 2kHz that propagates toward the formation 105 downhole, reaches the upper reservoir interface 107a and the lower reservoir interface 107b, and is reflected back into the well and received by the receiver array, and the acoustic source T1 emits a medium to high frequency transverse wave at 6-10kHz that propagates along the walls of the well and then reaches the receiver array.

In the interval of drilling connection, the drill bit 108 stops rotating, a new column of drill pipe 106 is lowered into the well on the drilling platform 104, in the process, the comprehensive processing device 101 at the surface sends a command to the downhole acoustic wave-while-drilling measuring instrument 103 through the transmission device 102, and the acoustic wave-while-drilling measuring instrument 103 enters a T1 transmitting mode and a T2 transmitting mode in sequence.

The acoustic wave measuring instrument while drilling provided by the invention has the working characteristic of wide detection range of sweep frequency bandwidth, and has at least two acoustic wave emission modes. The first is to emit medium-high frequency transverse waves, propagate near the well wall and measure the acoustic velocity of the stratum near the well wall; the second method is to emit low-frequency transverse waves, radiate outwards from the borehole, penetrate through the underground stratum and be reflected back into the borehole by the stratum interface, thereby obtaining the position information of the reservoir interface.

In addition, the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument also has a plurality of data acquisition modes. When the device works in a first sound wave emission mode, the data sampling frequency is high, and the sampling time is short; when the device works in the second sound wave transmitting mode, the data acquisition frequency is low, and the sampling time is long.

In the invention, in order to obtain the position of a reservoir interface, the sound wave velocity of the underground stratum is obtained by a first sound wave emission mode, the reflected wave travel time of a borehole, a stratum interface and the borehole is obtained by a second sound wave emission mode, and the reflected wave travel distance can be determined according to the sound wave velocity and the reflected wave travel time. The reservoir interface position can be obtained by performing (offset imaging) integration processing on the plurality of reflected wave strokes in the integration processing device 101.

The noise attenuator provided by the invention is provided with an audio sensor module with a large dynamic range in a receiver array of a while-drilling acoustic wave measuring instrument, and the module is responsible for collecting the environmental noise of a shaft when two emission modes do not work, and the collected noise is taken as background noise, and the noise in an acoustic wave signal received by the receiver array when the acoustic wave is in the emission mode is eliminated through signal processing means such as cross correlation, filtering and the like.

The orientation module provided by the invention is designed with a miniature triaxial fluxgate, can measure the earth magnetic field so as to carry out high-precision orientation detection on an instrument, and can calibrate the relative position of a stratum interface and a borehole.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, in step S201, before a single joint gap or tripping is performed, a measurement instruction is sent by the integrated processing device and transmitted to the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument by the transmission device.

Generally, when the measurement of a joint clearance is carried out, a drill bit does not rotate, drilling noise is at the minimum value, and the acoustic signals reflected by an underground stratum interface can be acquired most favorably in a borehole, so that high signal quality is ensured. Therefore, in step S201, the integrated processing device 101 sends a measurement instruction to the acoustic measurement while drilling machine 103 before the joint clearance or tripping.

Subsequently, in step S202, after receiving the measurement instruction, the acoustic velocity data of the formation and the reflected wave data of the reservoir interface are acquired through the formation acoustic velocity measurement mode and the reservoir interface detection mode, and are transmitted to the integrated processing device through the transmission device.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the MWD tool 103 includes two measurement modes, a first mode for formation acoustic velocity measurement and a second mode for reservoir boundary detection. After the acoustic measurement while drilling instrument 103 receives the measurement instruction, a formation sound velocity measurement mode is firstly started to acquire the acoustic velocity of the underground formation, and then a reservoir interface detection mode is started to acquire the reflected wave information.

In the formation sound velocity measurement mode, the acoustic source T1 emits a medium to high frequency transverse wave of 6-10kHz that propagates along the borehole wall and then to the receiver array. And acquiring the acoustic wave velocity of the underground stratum through a stratum sound velocity measuring mode.

In the reservoir boundary detection mode, the acoustic source T2 emits low frequency transverse waves at 2kHz that propagate toward the downhole formation 105, reach the upper reservoir boundary 107a and the lower reservoir boundary 107b, and reflect back into the well and are received by the receiver array. And determining the reflected wave travel time through a reservoir interface detection mode.

Finally, in step S203, the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data transmitted by the acoustic while drilling gauge are received, and the location of the reservoir interface from the borehole or the drill bit is determined according to the acoustic velocity data and the reflected wave data.

In this step, the reflected wave travel time can be determined from the acoustic wave velocity and the reflected wave travel time. The reservoir interface position can be obtained by performing (offset imaging) integration processing on the plurality of reflected wave strokes in the integration processing device 101.

As shown in fig. 2, shear waves are transmitted in the well and reflected waves from the borehole-side geological anomaly are received in the well to determine the location of the geological volume. The geological abnormal bodies comprise stratum boundaries, cracks, karst caves, faults and the like, so that the conditions of reservoir boundary, crack distribution and the like can be detected.

The invention has the advantages that the dominant frequency of the acoustic logging is gradually reduced, the working frequency range is gradually developed towards the broadband direction, the sampling interval of data acquisition is continuously reduced, and the sampling length is continuously increased, thereby providing guarantee for expanding the detection range of the acoustic logging.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a method for acoustic wave while drilling remote detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 3, measurement commands may be sent from the surface through the integrated processing device 101 before a joint gap or trip, and the sent measurement commands may be transmitted by mud pulsing.

When the measurement instruction is transmitted to the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument 103, the acoustic wave while drilling measuring instrument 103 starts the operation mode. The method comprises two working modes, namely a stratum sound velocity measurement mode and a reservoir interface detection mode.

The acoustic measurement while drilling instrument firstly starts a conventional logging mode, namely a stratum acoustic velocity measurement mode, obtains the acoustic velocity of a bottom stratum, then starts a remote detection mode, namely a reservoir interface detection mode, collects the reflected wave signal of a reservoir interface, and the stratum acoustic velocity and the reflected wave time difference are uploaded to the ground in real time through mud pulses. The comprehensive processing device 101 on the ground rapidly processes the multi-channel reflected wave signals, and the position of a reservoir interface can be extracted.

In order to improve the quality of reflected wave signals and identify the upper position and the lower position of a reservoir interface, a drilling noise attenuator and an orientation module are further integrated in the acoustic wave measurement while drilling instrument. The method can accurately acquire the sound velocity of the underground stratum and the interface position of the reservoir around the well, thereby extracting a stratum sound wave/seismic wave velocity profile and providing reliable basic data for geophysical guiding drilling.

In the formation acoustic velocity measurement mode, as shown in fig. 3, the acoustic velocity of the formation near the borehole wall is measured and can be used to correct the seismic velocity model. And under a reservoir interface detection mode, formation interface reflected wave data can be rapidly acquired. The distance of the formation interface from the borehole or the drill bit can be basically determined according to the seismic velocity model and the reflected wave data, and the position of the formation interface can be determined according to the azimuth measurement module. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected wave data, the drilling noise is suppressed during preprocessing.

It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.

Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

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