阅读说明：本技术 一种基于餐厨废弃油的季铵盐表面活性剂及其制备方法 (Quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and preparation method thereof ) 是由 张志明 姚慧萍 洪钟强 华超君 杨龙 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于餐厨废弃油的季铵盐表面活性剂及其制备方法,首先将餐厨废弃油在酸性条件下水解得到餐厨废弃油酸,随后用餐厨废弃油酸合成餐厨废弃油酰胺丙基-N,N-二甲基叔胺,产物进一步季铵化得到一种具有脂肪酰胺结构的季铵盐。本发明不仅可以实现餐厨废弃油的回收再利用,而且得到的季铵盐具有优良的表面活性性能,可以极大的提高餐厨废弃油回收的附加经济价值。(The invention provides a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and a preparation method thereof. The method can realize the recycling of the kitchen waste oil, and the obtained quaternary ammonium salt has excellent surface activity performance, so that the additional economic value of the kitchen waste oil recycling can be greatly improved.)

1. A quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: preparing kitchen waste oleic acid:

adding the kitchen waste oil from which insoluble substances are removed into a reaction container, adding sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the same mass, stirring and reacting for 5-8 h at 75 ℃, standing and separating after the reaction is finished and the system is cooled to room temperature, collecting oil phase, and washing with purified water for 3-5 times;

step 2: preparing kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine:

adding the kitchen waste oleic acid into a reaction container, adding a small amount of water carrying agent, heating to reaction temperature under stirring, slowly dropwise adding N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine into the reaction container, refluxing, collecting water generated by the reaction by using a water separator until the water in the water separator is not increased any more, stopping dropwise adding the N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine, and finishing the reaction; then distilling the mixture under reduced pressure to remove the water carrying agent and the unreacted N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine;

and step 3: preparing kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt:

dissolving kitchen waste oleamide propyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine in isopropanol, then adding the mixture into a reaction container, heating to a reaction temperature, slowly dropwise adding diethyl sulfate, stirring and refluxing until the amine value in the system is not changed, and stopping dropwise adding the diethyl sulfate and heating; and distilling the mixture under reduced pressure to remove isopropanol, recrystallizing the obtained crystals by using acetone, and collecting the crystals, namely the kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt.

2. The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on the kitchen waste oil and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is characterized in that: the mass percentage concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution in the step 1 is 4-8%.

3. The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the water carrying agent in the step 2 can be one of benzene, toluene, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

4. The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in the step 2 is 140-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-24 hours.

5. The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine to the isopropanol is 1: 1-2, and the reaction temperature is 80-85 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of kitchen waste oil, and particularly relates to a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The main component of the kitchen waste oil is triglyceride of long-chain fatty acid, and the long-chain fatty acid can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction under the condition of acid or alkali. The long-chain fatty acid is a chemical raw material with wide application, and can be used for preparing biodegradable quaternary ammonium salt derivatives with high added value. The comprehensive utilization of the kitchen waste oil can be realized, the harm of the kitchen waste oil flowing back to a dining table is reduced, and a method with a high added value is provided for the utilization of the kitchen waste oil. For example, patent CN107674030A provides a preparation method of imidazoline sulfate quaternary ammonium salt based on kitchen waste oil, to obtain an excellent corrosion inhibitor; for example, patent CN 105176693B provides a preparation method of quaternary ammonium salt based on polyhydroxy kitchen waste oil, and an excellent antistatic agent is obtained.

With the development of technology in recent years, the kinds of quaternary ammonium salts are increasing. The fatty amide propyl quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is another modified derivative which is proposed after long-chain alkyl surfactants in recent years, has low irritation, fine and rich foam, better thickening performance, excellent softness and antistatic property, is well compounded with other surfactants, and is not easy to generate precipitation. Therefore, a new idea is provided for recycling the kitchen waste oil by using the long-chain fatty acid which is the hydrolysate of the kitchen waste oil to prepare the fatty amide propyl quaternary ammonium salt.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention provides a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on kitchen waste oil and a preparation method thereof. The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is prepared by taking the kitchen waste oil as a raw material, so that the waste kitchen waste oil is recycled.

In order to achieve the purpose, the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant based on the kitchen waste oil and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step 1: preparing kitchen waste oleic acid:

adding the kitchen waste oil from which insoluble substances are removed into a reaction container, adding sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the same mass, stirring and reacting for 5-8 h at 75 ℃, standing and separating after the reaction is finished and the system is cooled to room temperature, collecting oil phase, and washing with purified water for 3-5 times;

step 2: preparing kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine:

adding the kitchen waste oleic acid into a reaction container, adding a small amount of water carrying agent, heating to reaction temperature under stirring, slowly dropwise adding N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine into the reaction container, refluxing, collecting water generated by the reaction by using a water separator until the water in the water separator is not increased any more, stopping dropwise adding the N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine, and finishing the reaction; then distilling the mixture under reduced pressure to remove the water carrying agent and the unreacted N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine;

and step 3: preparing kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt:

dissolving kitchen waste oleamide propyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine in isopropanol, then adding the mixture into a reaction container, heating to a reaction temperature, slowly dropwise adding diethyl sulfate, stirring and refluxing until the amine value in the system is not changed, and stopping dropwise adding the diethyl sulfate and heating; and distilling the mixture under reduced pressure to remove isopropanol, recrystallizing the obtained crystals by using acetone, and collecting the crystals, namely the kitchen waste oil amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt.

Further, the concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution in the step 1 is 4-8% (w/w).

Further, in the step 2, the water carrying agent may be one of benzene, toluene, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride.

Further, in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-24 hours.

Further, in the step 3, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste oleamide propyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine to the isopropanol is 1: 1-2, and the reaction temperature is 80-85 ℃.

The kitchen waste oil is hydrolyzed under an acidic condition to obtain kitchen waste oleic acid, the kitchen waste oleic acid is used for synthesizing kitchen waste oil aminopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine, and the product is further quaternized to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt with a fatty amide structure. The method can realize the recycling of the kitchen waste oil, and the obtained quaternary ammonium salt has excellent surface activity performance, so that the additional economic value of the kitchen waste oil recycling can be greatly improved.

Detailed Description