阅读说明：本技术 一种拳击训练检测方法和设备 (Boxing training detection method and device ) 是由 张璐平 汪鲁才 刘德军 刘廉 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种拳击训练检测方法,包括在反应训练模式下,发送随机亮灯指令至指示灯,指示灯与力量传感器一一对应；获取与随机亮灯指令对应的力量传感器传输的数据信息,以及从发送随机亮灯指令至获取数据信息的第一时间；在拳速训练模式下,发送单一亮灯指令至指示灯,并获取在预设时间内与单一亮灯指令对应的力量传感器传输的数据信息的数量；根据数据信息确定出拳力量,根据第一时间确定出拳反应时间,并根据数量确定出拳速度。本申请中的检测方法通过不同的训练模式,可以检测出出拳力量、出拳反应时间和出拳速度多种数据,检测更加全面,可以综合多种数据对拳击运动员进行评估,提升检测评估的准确性。本申请还提供一种检测设备。(The application discloses a boxing training detection method, which comprises the steps of sending a random light-up instruction to an indicator light in a reaction training mode, wherein the indicator light corresponds to a force sensor one by one; acquiring data information transmitted by a force sensor corresponding to the random light-on instruction, and transmitting the random light-on instruction to a first time for acquiring the data information; sending a single light-on instruction to an indicator light in a boxing speed training mode, and acquiring the quantity of data information transmitted by a force sensor corresponding to the single light-on instruction in preset time; determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the quantity. The detection method in this application can detect out fist strength, go out fist reaction time and go out the multiple data of fist speed through different training mode, detects more comprehensively, can synthesize multiple data and assess the boxer, promotes the accuracy that detects the aassessment. The application also provides a detection device.)

1. A boxing training detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

sending a random light-on instruction to indicator lights in a reaction training mode, wherein the indicator lights correspond to the force sensors one by one;

acquiring data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the random light-on instruction, and sending the random light-on instruction to a first time for acquiring the data information;

sending a single light-on instruction to the indicator light in a boxing speed training mode, and acquiring the quantity of the data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the single light-on instruction in a preset time;

determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the quantity.

2. The boxing training detection method of claim 1, further comprising:

sending a combined light-up instruction to the indicator light in a combined boxing training mode;

and acquiring second time for transmitting the data information by all the force sensors corresponding to the combined lighting instruction, wherein the second time is the hitting time of the combined fist.

3. A boxing training detection method in accordance with claim 1, wherein after determining punch force based on the data information, determining punch reaction time based on the first time, and determining punch velocity based on the quantity, further comprising:

determining a punch reaction grade according to the relation between the punch reaction time and the reaction time threshold;

and sending a broadcasting instruction to voice broadcasting equipment so that the voice broadcasting equipment can broadcast the quantity and the punch reaction level.

4. A boxing training detection method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the determining of the punch force based on the data information comprises:

and determining the punching force according to the data information and the relation of the punching force.

5. A boxing training detection method in accordance with claim 1, wherein when the number of the random lighting instructions is plural, further comprising:

receiving an impact switching time adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the sending time interval of the adjacent random light-on instructions according to the striking switching time adjusting instruction.

6. The boxing training detection method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a brightness adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the brightness of the indicator light according to the brightness adjusting instruction.

7. The boxing training detection method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a music switching instruction in an entertainment mode;

and forwarding the music switching instruction to a music player so that the music player switches the currently played music.

8. A boxing training detection method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light in the reaction training mode, further comprising:

receiving a mode selection instruction in a Bluetooth communication mode;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the mode selection instruction.

9. A boxing training detection method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light in the reaction training mode, further comprising:

receiving a mode selection instruction in an infrared transmission communication mode;

decoding the mode selection instruction to obtain a decoded mode selection instruction;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the decoded mode selection instruction.

10. A boxing training detection device, comprising:

a memory for storing a computer program;

a processor for implementing the steps of the boxing training detection method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9 when the computer program is executed.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of boxing training, in particular to a boxing training detection method and device.

Background

Boxing sports is one of sports projects, boxers wear the boxing glove with both hands to hit each other by various boxing methods, and the key points of quick response, coordinated action and great boxing force for the boxers to win victory on a competition field are provided. At present, a boxer generally detects punching strength in a training process, the punching quality of the boxer is evaluated according to the punching strength, and then the boxer is intensively trained according to the punching quality of the boxer. Because only the data of the punch strength can be detected at present, the evaluation of athletes is not accurate enough, and the effect of strengthening training is not ideal.

Therefore, how to solve the above technical problems should be a great concern to those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a boxing training detection method and equipment, and detection comprehensiveness is improved, so that detection and evaluation accuracy is higher.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a boxing training detection method, including:

sending a random light-on instruction to indicator lights in a reaction training mode, wherein the indicator lights correspond to the force sensors one by one;

acquiring data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the random light-on instruction, and sending the random light-on instruction to a first time for acquiring the data information;

sending a single light-on instruction to the indicator light in a boxing speed training mode, and acquiring the quantity of the data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the single light-on instruction in a preset time;

determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the quantity.

Optionally, the method further includes:

sending a combined light-up instruction to the indicator light in a combined boxing training mode;

and acquiring second time for transmitting the data information by all the force sensors corresponding to the combined lighting instruction, wherein the second time is the hitting time of the combined fist.

Optionally, after determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the number, the method further includes:

determining a punch reaction grade according to the relation between the punch reaction time and the reaction time threshold;

and sending a broadcasting instruction to voice broadcasting equipment so that the voice broadcasting equipment can broadcast the quantity and the punch reaction level.

Optionally, the determining the punching force according to the data information includes:

and determining the punching force according to the data information and the relation of the punching force.

Optionally, when the number of the random lighting instructions is multiple, the method further includes:

receiving an impact switching time adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the sending time interval of the adjacent random light-on instructions according to the striking switching time adjusting instruction.

Optionally, the method further includes:

receiving a brightness adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the brightness of the indicator light according to the brightness adjusting instruction.

Optionally, the method further includes:

receiving a music switching instruction in an entertainment mode;

and forwarding the music switching instruction to a music player so that the music player switches the currently played music.

Optionally, in the reaction training mode, before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light, the method further includes:

receiving a mode selection instruction in a Bluetooth communication mode;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the mode selection instruction.

Optionally, in the reaction training mode, before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light, the method further includes:

receiving a mode selection instruction in an infrared transmission communication mode;

decoding the mode selection instruction to obtain a decoded mode selection instruction;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the decoded mode selection instruction.

The application also provides a boxing training check out test set, includes:

a memory for storing a computer program;

a processor for implementing the steps of any of the above described boxing training detection methods when executing the computer program.

The application provides a boxing training detection method, including: sending a random light-on instruction to indicator lights in a reaction training mode, wherein the indicator lights correspond to the force sensors one by one; acquiring data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the random light-on instruction, and sending the random light-on instruction to a first time for acquiring the data information; sending a single light-on instruction to the indicator light in a boxing speed training mode, and acquiring the quantity of the data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the single light-on instruction in a preset time; determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the quantity.

Therefore, the boxing training detection method has different training modes, and when the boxing training detection method is in the reaction training mode, a random light-on instruction is sent to the indicating lamp to indicate the force sensor which needs to be hit by a boxer, then data information transmitted by the force sensor is obtained, and the first time from sending the random light-on instruction to obtaining the data information is obtained, namely the first time from the time when the boxer receives the hitting information to the time when the boxer finishes hitting, the boxing reaction time of the boxer is obtained, and the boxing force can be obtained according to the data information, so the boxing force and the boxing reaction time can be detected in the reaction training mode; under the fast training mode of fist, send single instruction of lighting up to the pilot lamp, only need hit a strength sensor promptly, then acquire the quantity of the data message of this strength sensor output in the preset time, obtain the number of times of hitting the strength sensor in the preset time, thereby can detect out boxer's speed of punching out according to this quantity, that is to say, detection method in this application is through different training modes, can detect out the strength of punching out, the reaction time of punching out and the multiple data of speed of punching out, it is more comprehensive to detect, can synthesize multiple data and assess to boxer, promote the accuracy that detects the aassessment.

In addition, the application also provides a detection device with the advantages.

Drawings

For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art of the present application, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a boxing training detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a boxing training detection device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

As described in the background section, a boxer generally detects a punching force during training, evaluates the punching quality of the boxer according to the punching force, and performs intensive training on the boxer according to the punching quality of the boxer. Because only the data of the punch strength can be detected at present, the evaluation of athletes is not accurate enough, and the effect of strengthening training is not ideal.

In view of the above, the present application provides a method for detecting boxing training, please refer to fig. 1, where fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting boxing training provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:

step S101: and sending a random light-on instruction to the indicating lamps in a reaction training mode, wherein the indicating lamps correspond to the force sensors one by one.

The random lighting instruction means that the indicator light which is lighted each time is not fixed. The number of the random lighting instructions is not specifically limited in the application, and may be one or more.

When the number of the random lighting instructions is multiple, a time interval exists between two adjacent random lighting instructions, and an initial value of the time interval is not limited in the application, and may be, for example, 2S, 3S, or the like. Further, the time intervals may be modified to accommodate the individual condition of different boxers, as follows:

receiving an impact switching time adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the sending time interval of the adjacent random light-on instructions according to the striking switching time adjusting instruction.

The stroke switching time adjustment command includes an extension time interval command and a reduction time interval command.

The mode of receiving the striking switching time adjustment instruction is not specifically limited in the application and can be set by oneself. For example, the communication may be performed by a bluetooth communication method, an infrared transmission communication method, a WiFi communication method, or the like.

When a Bluetooth communication mode is selected, when the impact switching time adjusting instruction is '+ TIMER ADD \ r \', increasing the automatic reloading value of the TIMER, namely prolonging the timing time, namely prolonging the time interval; when the impact switching time adjustment instruction is '+ TIMER DEC \ r \ n', the automatic reloading value of the TIMER is reduced, namely the timing time is shortened, namely the time interval is shortened.

When the infrared transmission communication mode is selected, the impact switching time adjustment instruction needs to be decoded, and when the value received by the decoding infrared receiving tube is 48, the automatic reloading value of the timer is increased, namely the timing time is prolonged, namely the time interval is prolonged; when the value received by the decoding infrared receiving tube is 24, the automatic reloading value of the timer is reduced, namely, the timing time is shortened, namely, the time interval is shortened.

Step S102: and acquiring data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the random light-on instruction, and sending the random light-on instruction to the first time for acquiring the data information.

The indicator lights correspond to the force sensors one by one, and the random light-on instruction corresponds to the indicator lights, so that the random light-on instruction corresponds to the force sensors.

The first time from sending the random lighting instruction to acquiring the data information is recorded by a timer.

Step S103: and sending a single light-on instruction to the indicator light in a boxing speed training mode, and acquiring the quantity of the data information transmitted by the force sensor corresponding to the single light-on instruction in preset time.

The single light-up command means that only one indicator light is turned on. The force sensor transmits one data message when being hit once, namely the quantity of the data messages is the hitting times of the force sensor.

The preset time is not limited in the present application, and the preset time may be, for example, 10S, 20S, 30S, and the like, as the case may be.

Step S104: determining punch strength according to the data information, determining punch reaction time according to the first time, and determining punch speed according to the quantity.

The first time is the punch response time, and the punch speed is the punch times within the preset time. The manner in which the punch force is determined from the data information is described below.

In the present application, the order of steps S101 to S104 is not limited, and may be exchanged, for example, the order of steps may be S103, S101, S102, and S104.

The boxing training detection method has different training modes, and when the boxing training detection method is in a response training mode, a random light-on instruction is sent to an indicator light to indicate a force sensor which a boxer needs to strike, then data information transmitted by the force sensor is obtained, and the first time from sending the random light-on instruction to obtaining the data information is obtained, namely the first time from the time when the boxer receives striking information to the time when striking is completed, the boxing reaction time of the boxer is obtained, and the boxing force can be obtained according to the data information, so that the boxing force and the boxing reaction time can be detected in the response training mode; under the fast training mode of fist, send single instruction of lighting up to the pilot lamp, only need hit a strength sensor promptly, then acquire the quantity of the data message of this strength sensor output in the preset time, obtain the number of times of hitting the strength sensor in the preset time, thereby can detect out boxer's speed of punching out according to this quantity, that is to say, detection method in this application is through different training modes, can detect out the strength of punching out, the reaction time of punching out and the multiple data of speed of punching out, it is more comprehensive to detect, can synthesize multiple data and assess to boxer, promote the accuracy that detects the aassessment.

As a practical way, the determining the punching force according to the data information includes:

and determining the punching force according to the data information and the relation of the punching force.

It should be noted that the type of the data information is not limited in this application, as the case may be. For example, the data information may be frequency, or voltage, or current, etc.

The impact force is different, the deformation of the force sensor is different, and the data information oscillated by the force sensor is different. For example, when the data information is a frequency, the larger the striking force, the lower the frequency.

The relationship between the data information and the punching force can be a curve or a relational expression, and the relationship is not limited in the application. For example, the process of establishing the relationship between frequency and punch strength: and performing curve fitting on the plurality of frequencies and the punching force through matlab to obtain a functional relation between the frequencies and the punching force. Thereby determining the force of the punch.

As another practical manner, when the data information is a voltage pulse, determining the punching force according to the data information includes:

according to the relation between the voltage pulse width and the punching force, the punching force is determined by the width of the voltage pulse.

When the force sensor is fully charged, the force sensor can be regarded as a capacitor, and when a striking is carried out, the capacitance value shows corresponding change according to the striking force, so that the voltage at two ends of the force sensor is changed. According to different striking forces, the voltage change speeds are correspondingly different, and the change pulses of the voltage are sent to boxing training detection equipment through the Schmitt trigger for detection.

The relationship between the preset voltage pulse width and the punch force can be a curve or a relational expression, and the relationship is not limited in the application. The establishing process of the relationship between the preset voltage pulse width and the punch strength comprises the following steps: and performing curve fitting on the voltage pulse widths and the punch strength through matlab to obtain a functional relation between the voltage pulse widths and the punch strength. Thereby determining the force of the punch.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in an embodiment of the present application, the boxing training detection method further includes:

sending a combined light-up instruction to the indicator light in a combined boxing training mode;

and acquiring second time for transmitting the data information by all the force sensors corresponding to the combined lighting instruction, wherein the second time is the hitting time of the combined fist.

After the combination light instruction sends, a plurality of pilot lamps can be according to once shining according to the order, hit the order to boxer's show, then boxer hits according to the order, and the second time is that boxer starts from hitting first strength sensor promptly, and the time spent that finishes is hit to last strength sensor.

Further, after obtaining the strike time of the combined punch, the method further comprises:

comparing the hitting time of the combined fist with a preset time threshold;

and sending a combined boxing beating effect broadcast instruction to the voice broadcast equipment according to the comparison result so that the voice broadcast equipment can broadcast the combined boxing beating effect.

The preset time threshold is not specifically limited in the application and can be set by itself. For example, the preset time threshold is 10S, when the striking time of the combined punch is equal to or less than the preset time threshold, the combined punch effect is qualified, and when the striking time of the combined punch is greater than the preset time threshold, the combined punch effect is unqualified. Of course, the preset time thresholds may be two, for example, the first preset time threshold is 7S, the second preset time threshold is 10S, the combined boxing effect is excellent when the striking time of the combined boxing is equal to or less than the first preset time threshold, the combined boxing effect is qualified when the striking time of the combined boxing is greater than the first preset time threshold and equal to or less than the second preset time threshold, and the combined boxing effect is unqualified when the striking time of the combined boxing is greater than the second preset time threshold.

In order to make the boxer know the hitting situation in real time and greatly enhance the interaction feeling, in an embodiment of the present application, after determining the punching force according to the data information, determining the punching response time according to the first time, and determining the punching speed according to the number, the method further comprises:

determining a punch reaction grade according to the relation between the punch reaction time and the reaction time threshold;

and sending a broadcasting instruction to voice broadcasting equipment so that the voice broadcasting equipment can broadcast the quantity and the punch reaction level.

The reaction time threshold and the number are not limited in the application and can be set automatically. For example, the first response time threshold may be 2S, the second response time threshold may be 4S, when the punch response time is equal to or less than the first response time threshold, the response speed is fast, the punch response grade is reported as "unbelievable", when the punch response time is greater than the first response time threshold and equal to or less than the second response time threshold, the response speed is moderate, and the punch response grade is reported as "nice".

Further, a larger response time threshold value, such as 10S, 15S or the like, may be set, and when the punch response time of the boxer exceeds the larger response time threshold value, the punch is determined to be a null punch, and the punch response level is reported as "missed".

In order to adapt to different brightness in the environment, the brightness of the indicator light can be adjusted, and the adjusting process comprises the following steps:

receiving a brightness adjusting instruction;

and adjusting the brightness of the indicator light according to the brightness adjusting instruction.

And adjusting the brightness of the indicator lamp by outputting a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal, wherein different PWM duty ratio Pulse widths correspond to different brightness of the indicator lamp.

The receiving mode of the brightness adjusting instruction includes but is not limited to a bluetooth communication mode, an infrared transmission communication mode, and the like.

When a Bluetooth communication mode is selected, when a brightness adjusting instruction is '+ Light ADD \ r \ n', the duty ratio of output PWM is increased, namely, the brightness of the indicator Light is enhanced; when the brightness adjusting instruction is '+ Light DEC \ r \ n', the duty ratio of the output PWM is reduced, namely, the brightness of the indicator lamp is weakened.

When the infrared transmission communication mode is selected, the brightness adjusting instruction needs to be decoded, and when the value of the decoded brightness adjusting instruction is 122, the duty ratio of the output PWM is increased, namely the brightness of the indicator lamp is enhanced; when the value of the decoded brightness adjusting command is 16, the duty ratio of the output PWM is reduced, namely, the brightness of the indicator lamp is weakened.

In order to relieve the tension of the training, the boxing training detection method in the application further comprises,

receiving a music switching instruction in an entertainment mode;

and forwarding the music switching instruction to a music player so that the music player switches the currently played music.

The receiving mode of the music switching instruction includes but is not limited to a bluetooth communication mode, an infrared transmission communication mode, and the like.

When the Bluetooth communication mode is selected, when the MUSIC switching instruction is + NEXT MUSIC \ r \ n', the current playing MUSIC is switched to the NEXT MUSIC; when the MUSIC switching instruction is '+ LAST MUSIC \ r \ n', the current playing MUSIC is switched to the previous MUSIC.

When the infrared transmission communication mode is selected, the music switching instruction needs to be decoded, and when the numerical value of the decoded music switching instruction is 52, the currently played music is switched to the next music; when the value of the decoded music switching instruction is 51, switching the currently played music to the previous music.

The boxer can freely punch along with the rhythm of the music, and the tension training state is relieved.

On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present application, before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light in the reaction training mode, the method further includes:

receiving a mode selection instruction in a Bluetooth communication mode;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the mode selection instruction.

When the Mode selection instruction is '+ Trans Mode0\ r \ n', the corresponding training Mode is a response training Mode; when the Mode selection instruction is '+ Trans Mode1\ r \ n', the corresponding training Mode is a boxing speed training Mode; when the Mode selection instruction is '+ Trans Mode2\ r \ n', the corresponding training Mode is a combined boxing training Mode; when the Mode selection command is "+ Trans Mode3\ r \ n", the corresponding training Mode is entertainment Mode.

On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present application, before sending the random lighting instruction to the indicator light in the reaction training mode, the method further includes:

receiving a mode selection instruction in an infrared transmission communication mode;

decoding the mode selection instruction to obtain a decoded mode selection instruction;

and adjusting to a corresponding mode according to the decoded mode selection instruction.

When the numerical value of the decoded mode selection instruction is 98, the corresponding training mode is a reaction training mode; when the numerical value of the decoded mode selection instruction is 99, the corresponding training mode is a boxing speed training mode; when the numerical value of the decoded mode selection instruction is 100, the corresponding training mode is a combined boxing training mode; when the value of the decoded mode selection command is 60, the corresponding training mode is entertainment mode.

A boxing training detection method in the present application is explained below.

Receiving a mode selection instruction in a Bluetooth communication mode or an infrared transmission communication mode;

entering a corresponding training mode according to the mode selection instruction, wherein the training mode is any one of a reaction training mode, a boxing speed training mode, a combined boxing training mode and an entertainment mode;

detecting the punching strength and the response time of a boxer in a response training mode; in the boxing speed training mode, the boxing speed can be detected; in the combined punch training mode, the hitting time of the combined punch can be detected;

in each training mode, the brightness of the indicator light can be adjusted; after the detection of the reaction training mode, the boxing speed training mode and the combined boxing training mode is finished, broadcasting corresponding detection results through voice broadcasting equipment;

in the reaction training mode, the time interval between the two adjacent indicator lights can be adjusted.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a boxing training detection device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

a memory 11 for storing a computer program;

a processor 12 for implementing the steps of the boxing training detection method of any of the above embodiments when executing the computer program.

The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

The boxing training detection method and device provided by the application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.