阅读说明：本技术 一种基于镗削实现大尺寸不规则外形的悬臂轴加工方法 (Method for machining cantilever shaft with large-size irregular appearance based on boring ) 是由 申运锋 杨生国 张毅 范崇震 于 2021-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种基于镗削实现大尺寸不规则外形的悬臂轴加工方法,通过刀片、刀片加强板、直径精调螺母、刻度盘、刀体安装机构、加工臂、冷却液通道、平衡臂、刚性加强环、让位孔、刀柄锥体的相互配合使用,在普通加工中心实现对大长径比悬臂轴精密加工,对刀片进行冷却,提升刀具刚性,对工件振动进行抑制,提高该类零件的加工精度,节约了成本,提高了加工效率。(The invention provides a boring-based machining method for a large-size irregular cantilever shaft, which is characterized in that a blade, a blade reinforcing plate, a diameter fine adjustment nut, a dial, a cutter body mounting mechanism, a machining arm, a cooling liquid channel, a balance arm, a rigid reinforcing ring, a abdication hole and a cutter handle cone are matched with one another for use, the large-length-diameter-ratio cantilever shaft is precisely machined in a common machining center, the blade is cooled, the rigidity of a cutter is improved, the vibration of a workpiece is restrained, the machining precision of parts is improved, the cost is saved, and the machining efficiency is improved.)

1. A method for processing a cantilever shaft with large size and irregular shape based on boring is characterized in that,

fixing a part to be machined with an irregular shape on a machining center workbench, mounting a rigid reinforcing ring on a main shaft through a cutter handle cone, and arranging a yielding hole in the rigid reinforcing ring to serve as a yielding space of a machined area of a cantilever shaft of the part to be machined;

the end part of the rigid reinforcing ring is provided with a processing arm for blade installation, and a balance arm for weight balance is symmetrically arranged with the processing arm; the rigidity strengthening ring is driven to rotate around the axis of the main shaft through the rotation of the main shaft of the machining center, the blade is driven to linearly move through the linear movement of the main shaft, the axial feeding of the blade relative to the excircle of the cantilever shaft of the part to be machined is achieved, and meanwhile, the radial feeding of the blade relative to the excircle of the cantilever shaft of the part to be machined is achieved due to the fact that the blade is provided with the radial adjusting mechanism.

2. The boring-based machining method for the cantilever shaft with the large-size irregular shape, according to claim 1, wherein the radial adjusting mechanism comprises a cutter body mounting mechanism, a diameter fine adjusting nut and a dial; the cutter body mounting mechanism is fixed on the processing arm, and a dial, a diameter fine adjustment nut and a blade are mounted on the cutter body mounting mechanism; the diameter fine adjustment nut is used for adjusting the radial position of the blade, and the dial is used for displaying an adjustment value.

3. The method for machining a cantilever shaft with a large-size irregular shape based on boring as claimed in claim 2, wherein a blade reinforcing plate is further fixed on the cutter body mounting mechanism for reinforcing the blade mounting.

4. The method for boring-based machining of a cantilever shaft with a large-sized irregular shape according to claim 1, wherein the rigid reinforcing ring is internally provided with a coolant passage for temperature adjustment of the blade.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a method for machining a large-size irregular cantilever shaft based on boring.

Background

The cantilever shaft in the aircraft rudder wing part has the characteristics of precise size (the diameter precision is superior to IT6, the cylindricity is superior to 0.01mm), large length-diameter ratio (more than 6) and the like, and is integrated with a large-size irregular control surface (a multi-angle plane or a curved surface, and the external dimension is not less than 800 mm)). The traditional machining ensures the dimensional accuracy and cylindricity of the rudder shaft part through a precision turning machine or grinding. Considering that the external dimension of the control surface part is large (more than 800mm), large-specification turning or grinding equipment is required; the control surface has an irregular structure, and clamping is difficult; the rudder shaft is long in extension and poor in rigidity; the traditional technical scheme around the cantilever rudder shaft has the technical problems of scarce special expensive equipment, clamping and low rigidity.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for machining a large-size irregular-shaped cantilever shaft based on boring, which overcomes the defects of the traditional technical scheme of the cantilever shaft connected with the irregular shape, simplifies the technical scheme of machining the cantilever rudder shaft, reduces the difficulty in clamping the irregular-shaped structure and meets the requirement on precision control of the cantilever rudder shaft.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a method for machining a large-size and irregular-shape cantilever shaft based on boring is characterized in that a part to be machined with an irregular shape is fixed on a machining center workbench, a rigid reinforcing ring is mounted on a machining center spindle through a cutter handle cone, and a abdicating hole is formed in the rigid reinforcing ring and serves as an abdicating space of a machined area of the cantilever shaft of the part to be machined;

the end part of the rigid reinforcing ring is provided with a processing arm for blade installation, and a balance arm for weight balance is symmetrically arranged with the processing arm; the rigidity strengthening ring is driven to rotate around the axis of the main shaft through the rotation of the main shaft of the machining center, the blade is driven to linearly move through the linear movement of the main shaft, the axial feeding of the blade relative to the excircle of the cantilever shaft of the part to be machined is achieved, and meanwhile, the radial feeding of the blade relative to the excircle of the cantilever shaft of the part to be machined is achieved due to the fact that the blade is provided with the radial adjusting mechanism.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) according to the invention, the machining equipment drives the rotary motion to drive the blade to realize cutting, and the part keeps static in the cutting process; the part blade can be adjusted in the radial direction precisely, and the machining size precision is guaranteed.

(2) Compared with the part rotary motion of the traditional machining process, the part rotary motion of the invention changes the part motion into the part static, improves the clamping difficulty caused by an irregular control surface, improves the operation stability and rigidity of the device through the structural design of a balance arm, a rigid reinforcing ring and the like, effectively reduces the surface quality problem and the size out-of-tolerance problem caused by cutter back-off caused by the cutting force of a cutter in the machining process, and provides process guarantee for realizing the machining technology of the cantilever shaft connected to the irregular shape with high efficiency, precision and low cost.

(3) The cantilever shaft with the large length-diameter ratio is precisely machined in a common machining center, the blade is cooled, the rigidity of the cutter is improved, the vibration of a workpiece is restrained, the machining precision of parts of the type is improved, the cost is saved, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a machining apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of the processing apparatus.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the diameter fine adjustment nut and the dial.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of machining an irregularly shaped workpiece.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.

With reference to fig. 1-4, the machining method for the cantilever shaft based on the boring of the machining center to realize the large-size irregular appearance is based on the following machining device, which comprises a blade 1, a blade reinforcing plate 2, a diameter fine adjustment nut 3, a dial 4, a cutter body installation mechanism 5, a machining arm 6, a cooling liquid channel 7, a balance arm 8, a rigid reinforcing ring 9 and a cutter handle cone 11;

the machining device is connected to a machining center spindle through a cutter handle cone 11, the machining device is driven to rotate around the axis of the spindle by the rotating motion of the machining center spindle, and the machining device is driven to do linear motion by the linear motion of the spindle; the rigid reinforcing ring 9 is of a rotary structure, one end of the rigid reinforcing ring is connected to the cutter handle cone 11, and the rigid reinforcing ring and the cutter handle cone 11 perform rotary motion and linear motion together; the middle of the rigid reinforcing ring 9 is provided with an avoidance hole 10 which can be used as an avoidance space of a processed area of a part 12 to be processed; the other end of the rigid reinforcing ring 9 is used for mounting the blade 1, two petals are symmetrically arranged at the other end of the rigid reinforcing ring 9, one petal is used as a processing arm 6 for mounting the blade 1, the other petal is used as a balance arm 8 for balancing weight, and the weight of the balance arm 8 is equal to the total weight of the processing arm 6 and the blade (comprising a blade 1 body, a blade reinforcing plate 2, a diameter fine adjustment nut 3, a dial 4 and a cutter body mounting mechanism 5); the positions of the processing arm and the balance arm are symmetrical by taking the rotation axis as the center, so that dynamic balance in the high-speed rotation process can be realized; the cutter body mounting mechanism 5 is fixed on the processing arm 6, the cutter body mounting mechanism 5 is provided with a dial 4, a diameter fine adjustment nut 3, a blade reinforcing plate 2 and a blade 1, the radial positions of the blade reinforcing plate 2 and the blade 1 can be adjusted through the diameter fine adjustment nut 3, the processing diameter is controlled, and a specific adjustment value is displayed through the dial 4;

a cooling liquid channel 7 is arranged in the rigid reinforcing ring 9, and the cooling liquid channel 7 can transmit high-pressure cooling liquid of a machining center to the blade 1, so that the temperature of the blade can be adjusted.

The invention specifically comprises the following working steps:

s1: fixing the irregular shape in the part 12 to be processed (an aircraft rudder wing part) on a processing center workbench;

s2: the machining device is connected with a main shaft taper hole of a machining center through a cutter handle cone 11, and the axis of the main shaft is enabled to be basically overlapped with the axis of a cantilever shaft of a part 12 to be machined through the movement of the machining center;

s3: the size of the excircle of the cantilever shaft is determined by adjusting the diameter fine adjustment nut 3;

s4: the excircle of the cantilever shaft is machined by adjusting the axial movement of a machine tool;

s5: measuring the diameter of a machined excircle of the cantilever shaft, adjusting the radial positions of the blade reinforcing plate 2 and the blade 1 through a diameter fine adjustment nut 3 according to the deviation from the theoretical size, and confirming that the adjustment value is consistent with the deviation through a dial 4;

s6: the machining of the excircle of the cantilever shaft is realized by adjusting the axial movement of the machine tool, the cooling liquid is started in the machining process, and the temperature of the blade 1 is adjusted through the cooling liquid channel 7.

The foregoing is only a primary feature, operation principle and advantage of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, and that the present invention can be flexibly modified and changed for different embodiments without departing from the basic principle thereof, and such modifications and changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.