阅读说明：本技术 一种深孔枪钻加工直线度的热变形纠偏机构及方法 (Thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism and method for machining straightness of deep hole gun drill ) 是由 李亮 谢晨 潘宇 于 2021-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种深孔枪钻加工直线度的热变形纠偏机构及方法,该机构中加热线圈用于加热工件,加热线圈的轴心线沿Y向延伸；加热线圈设置于第一安装板；第一安装板和第二安装板,沿Z向第一安装板位于第二安装板的上方；第一滚珠丝杠副,用于驱动第一安装板,包括第一丝杠和第一螺母；第一丝杠沿Z向延伸且自下而上穿过第一安装板上；第一螺母卡设于第一安装板内；第一丝杠的下端转动设置于第二安装板；X向滑轨,固定于一安装座,X向滑轨套设于第二安装板；安装座固定于一Y向移动单元。本发明通过加热线圈对工件的局部加热,并可根据直线度情况调整加热线圈的加热位置,使得工件受力变形,以补偿原直线度误差,实现深孔钻孔的热纠偏。(The invention provides a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism and a method for machining straightness of a deep hole gun drill, wherein a heating coil in the mechanism is used for heating a workpiece, and the axial lead of the heating coil extends along the Y direction; the heating coil is arranged on the first mounting plate; the first mounting plate is positioned above the second mounting plate along the Z direction; the first ball screw pair is used for driving the first mounting plate and comprises a first screw and a first nut; the first lead screw extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate from bottom to top; the first nut is clamped in the first mounting plate; the lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably arranged on the second mounting plate; the X-direction sliding rail is fixed on a mounting seat and sleeved on the second mounting plate; the mounting seat is fixed on a Y-direction moving unit. The heating coil is used for locally heating the workpiece, and the heating position of the heating coil can be adjusted according to the straightness accuracy condition, so that the workpiece is stressed and deformed to compensate the original straightness accuracy error, and the thermal deviation correction of deep hole drilling is realized.)

1. The utility model provides a thermal deformation mechanism of rectifying of deep hole gun drill processing straightness accuracy which characterized in that includes:

the heating coil is used for heating a workpiece, and the axial lead of the heating coil extends along the Y direction; the heating coil is arranged on the first mounting plate;

the mounting structure comprises a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate, wherein the first mounting plate is positioned above the second mounting plate along the Z direction;

the first ball screw pair is used for driving the first mounting plate and comprises a first screw and a first nut; the first lead screw extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate from bottom to top; the first nut is clamped in the first mounting plate; the lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably arranged on the second mounting plate;

the X-direction sliding rail is fixed on a mounting seat and sleeved on the second mounting plate; the mounting seat is fixed on a Y-direction moving unit.

2. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 1, wherein the Y-direction moving unit comprises a second ball screw pair, and the mounting base is fixed to a second nut in the second ball screw pair.

3. The thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 2, wherein the mounting base comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate fixed on the upper cover plate; the bottom surface of the lower cover plate is recessed towards the upper cover plate so as to accommodate the nut of the ball screw pair.

4. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 2, wherein the Y-direction moving unit comprises a base extending along the Y-direction, a guide rail extending along the Y-direction is arranged on the base, the guide rail is matched with a slide block, and the slide block is fixed on the lower end surface of the mounting base.

5. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 1, wherein a lower end of the first lead screw is engaged with a first bearing, the first bearing is mounted on a first bearing block, and the first bearing block is fixed on the second mounting plate.

6. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 1, wherein a support rod is arranged between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate from bottom to top; the lower end of the supporting rod is matched with a second bearing, the second bearing is installed on a second bearing seat, and the second bearing seat is fixed on the second installation plate.

7. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 1, wherein a console is provided on the first mounting plate, a control unit is provided in the console, and an input end and an output end of the heating coil extend into the console and are electrically connected with the control unit.

8. The thermal deformation correction mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to claim 1, wherein the heating coil is formed by spirally winding a copper pipe.

9. A thermal deformation deviation rectifying method for deep hole gun drill machining straightness, which is characterized in that the thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill machining straightness is based on any one of claims 2 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first screw rod is rotated through the handle and rotates between the handle and the second mounting plate, so that the first mounting plate is displaced along the Z direction along with the first nut; a motor drives a second lead screw in a second ball screw pair, and the second lead screw drives a second nut to move along the Y-direction guide rail, so that the mounting base can finally move along the Y-direction guide rail; the first mounting plate is pushed to move along the X-direction sliding rail.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep hole straightness control, and particularly relates to a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism and method for deep hole gun drill machining straightness.

Background

At present, in the national key development industries of aerospace, weaponry, automobile manufacturing and the like, the requirement of small-diameter deep hole machining is more and more, and particularly the requirement of deep hole machining of titanium alloy materials, such as machining of various cabin door shaft guide rail holes in C919 large airplanes, is met. Gun drill processing is an important technical means for realizing deep hole processing. However, due to the small diameter and the long depth of the processed hole, the structure of the gun drill is complex and relatively weak, and the problem of large straightness error of the processed hole generally exists. The straightness is an important technical index in deep hole machining. Due to the particularity of equipment and a machining process, the problem of poor straightness accuracy which is difficult to predict easily occurs in the deep hole machining process, and whether the problem of the deflection of the axis of the deep hole can be solved is the key for ensuring the deep hole machining precision.

For deep hole gun drilling, as the ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter of a processed hole of a workpiece exceeds 10, and the gun drill structure belongs to a typical slender shaft type part, transverse bending and vibration can be generated when a cutting tool is subjected to cutting force in the processing process. In order to inhibit the disturbance of the gun drill in the machining process and reduce the straightness error of the hole, a guide sleeve and an intermediate support are often adopted to improve the machining stability of the gun drill, however, due to the fact that the rigidity of a workpiece is insufficient, under the action of drilling force, a gap between the guide sleeve and a gap between the intermediate support have a corresponding influence on the straightness. Meanwhile, in the gun drill machining process, the actual machining working condition, the part material, the process parameter selection and the like also have influence on the straightness error. Therefore, the deep-hole gun drill is always in a closed or semi-closed state in the machining process, and the drilling process cannot be monitored visually. Meanwhile, the straightness of the machined hole is influenced by various factors, such as: the bending deformation of the tool shank is caused by the accuracy error of the machine tool itself, the clearance of the guide sleeve, the clearance of the intermediate support, and the like. The gun drill belongs to a typical slender rod part, and a workpiece is subjected to bending deformation under stress in the machining process, so that the straightness error of a machined hole is difficult to avoid. The bending deformation of the workpiece is continuously increased along with the increase of the drilling depth, so that the drilling direction of the drill bit is more and more deviated from the theoretical central axis of the workpiece, and the drill bit of the gun drill can drill out from the side wall of the part in serious conditions, thereby causing processing accidents.

Therefore, how to effectively solve the problem of deviation of a central axis of deep hole machining, namely straightness error, and further ensure the deep hole machining precision becomes a bottleneck problem to be solved urgently for high-precision machining of small-diameter deep hole parts in the industries such as aerospace, weaponry and the like in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a thermal deformation deviation correcting mechanism and a thermal deformation deviation correcting method for deep hole gun drill machining straightness, the mechanism can move a heating coil to a position needing to be heated, the heating coil is used for locally heating a workpiece, and the heating position of the heating coil can be adjusted according to the straightness condition, so that the workpiece is stressed and deformed to compensate the original straightness error, the deep hole machining straightness error is finally reduced, and the thermal deviation correction of deep hole drilling is realized.

A thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for processing straightness of a deep hole gun drill comprises:

the heating coil is used for heating a workpiece, and the axial lead of the heating coil extends along the Y direction; the heating coil is arranged on the first mounting plate;

the mounting structure comprises a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate, wherein the first mounting plate is positioned above the second mounting plate along the Z direction;

the first ball screw pair is used for driving the first mounting plate and comprises a first screw and a first nut; the first lead screw extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate from bottom to top; the first nut is clamped in the first mounting plate; the lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably arranged on the second mounting plate;

the X-direction sliding rail is fixed on a mounting seat and sleeved on the second mounting plate; the mounting seat is fixed on a Y-direction moving unit.

Preferably, the Y-direction moving unit includes a second ball screw pair, and the mounting seat is fixed to a second nut of the second ball screw pair.

Preferably, the mounting seat comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate fixed on the upper cover plate; the bottom surface of the lower cover plate is recessed towards the upper cover plate so as to accommodate the nut of the ball screw pair.

Preferably, the Y-direction moving unit includes a base extending along the Y-direction, a guide rail extending along the Y-direction is disposed on the base, the guide rail is matched with the slider, and the slider is fixed on the lower end surface of the mounting seat.

Preferably, the lower end of the first lead screw is matched with a first bearing, the first bearing is mounted on a first bearing seat, and the first bearing seat is fixed on the second mounting plate.

Preferably, a support rod is arranged between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and the support rod extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate from bottom to top; the lower end of the supporting rod is matched with a second bearing, the second bearing is installed on a second bearing seat, and the second bearing seat is fixed on the second installation plate.

Preferably, a control cabinet is arranged on the first mounting plate, a control unit is arranged in the control cabinet, and the input end and the output end of the heating coil stretch into the control cabinet and are electrically connected with the control unit.

Preferably, the heating coil is formed by spirally winding a copper pipe.

A thermal deformation deviation rectifying method for processing straightness of a deep hole gun drill is based on a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for processing the straightness of the deep hole gun drill and comprises the following steps: the first screw rod is rotated through the handle and rotates between the handle and the second mounting plate, so that the first mounting plate is displaced along the Z direction along with the first nut; a motor drives a second lead screw in a second ball screw pair, and the second lead screw drives a second nut to move along the Y-direction guide rail, so that the mounting base can finally move along the Y-direction guide rail; pushing the first mounting plate, the first mounting plate moves along the X-direction slide rail

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the mechanism can move the heating coil to a position needing heating through the Y-direction moving unit, then locally heat the workpiece through the heating coil, and adjust the heating position of the heating coil according to the straightness accuracy condition, so that the workpiece deforms under stress to compensate the original straightness accuracy error, further finally reduce the deep hole machining straightness accuracy error, and realize the thermal deviation correction of deep hole drilling.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a partial structural view of a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is another structural diagram of a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep hole gun drill processing straightness according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a thermal distortion correction mechanism for deep hole gun drill machining straightness;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a further perspective view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a view of the mounting positions of the first bearing and the second bearing;

FIG. 7 is a view showing an installation state of the first nut;

fig. 8 shows the deflection deformation of the workpiece during the drilling process.

FIG. 9 shows the thermal deformation of a workpiece based on thermal deformation theory.

1-a heating coil, 2-a support rod, 3-a first nut fixing seat, 4-a first bearing seat, 5-a second bearing, 6-a first lead screw, 7-a first mounting plate, 8-a control console, 9-a handle, 10-a base, 11-a right plate, 12-a second lead screw, 13-a second mounting plate, 14-an X-direction sliding rail, 15-a coupler, 16-a motor, 17-a shaft bracket, 18-a left plate, 19-a sliding block, 20-a lower cover plate, 21-an upper cover plate and 22-a guide rail.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous effects of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for deep-hole gun drill processing straightness includes: the heating coil comprises a heating coil 1, a first mounting plate 7, a second mounting plate 13, a mounting seat, a base 10, a first ball screw pair, an X-direction slide rail 14 and a Y-direction moving unit. The first lead screw 6 is used for driving the heating coil 1 to move along the Z direction, the Y-direction moving unit is used for driving the heating coil 1 to move along the Y direction, and the X-direction slide rail 14 is a track for the heating coil 1 to move along the X direction. Therefore, the whole mechanism can realize free movement in 3 directions. When the mechanism is arranged on a machine tool, the mechanism can be connected with a main machine tool console, and the movement of the mechanism and the heating control of a workpiece are realized on the main machine tool console.

The heating coil 1 is sleeved on the workpiece (namely the workpiece is arranged along the Y direction and penetrates through the heating coil 1) and used for heating the workpiece, and the axial lead of the heating coil 1 extends along the Y direction; the heating coil 1 is provided on the first mounting plate 7. In the present embodiment, the workpiece is extended in the Y direction and mounted to the machine tool, and since the heating coil 1 is movable, the heating coil 1 can heat each part of the workpiece. Preferably, the number of the heating coils 1 may be provided in plural, arranged in the Y direction. The heating coil 1 is formed by spirally winding a copper pipe.

The first mounting plate 7 and the second mounting plate 13, the first mounting plate 7 is positioned above the second mounting plate 13 along the Z direction; a control console 8 is arranged on the first mounting plate 7, a control unit is arranged in the control console 8, and the input end and the output end of the heating coil 1 extend into the control console 8 and are electrically connected with the control unit; the first mounting plate 7 is provided with a first nut and a guide seat, and the first nut is used for increasing the accuracy of Z-direction feeding; the guide holder is matched with the support rod 2 and used for increasing the stability of the first mounting plate 7 in the Z-direction moving process. The second mounting plate 13 is fixed to the first bearing housing 4 and the second bearing housing 5. A first lead screw 6 and a support rod 2 are arranged between the first mounting plate 7 and the second mounting plate 13.

The first ball screw pair is used for driving the first mounting plate 7 and comprises a first screw 6 and a first nut; the first lead screw 6 extends along the Z direction and penetrates through the first mounting plate 7 from bottom to top; the upper section of the first lead screw 6 is matched with the first nut fixing seat 3, and the first nut fixing seat 3 plays a role in guiding; the first nut fixing seat 3 is fixed on the first mounting plate 7; the first nut is clamped or fixed in the first mounting plate 7; a handle 9 is arranged at the upper end of the first lead screw 6, and the lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably arranged on the second mounting plate 13. Specifically, the lower end of the first lead screw 6 is engaged with a first bearing, and the first bearing is mounted on the first bearing seat 4. The support rod 2 extends along the Z direction and passes through the guide seat on the first mounting plate 7 from bottom to top; the lower end of the supporting rod 2 is matched with a second bearing 5, and the second bearing 5 is arranged on a second bearing 5 seat. As in fig. 7, the first nut holder 3 is not shown.

The X-direction slide rail 14 is fixed to a mounting base, the X-direction slide rail 14 extends along the X-direction and is sleeved on the second mounting plate 13, that is, a through groove for the X-direction slide rail 14 to move is formed at the bottom of the second mounting plate 13. The mounting seat is fixed on the Y-direction moving unit. Specifically, the Y-direction moving unit includes a base 10 extending along the Y-direction, a motor 16 and a second ball screw pair, and the first ball screw pair and the second ball screw pair are formed by matching a screw and a nut. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the ball screw assembly is prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

The mounting seat is fixed on a second nut of the second ball screw pair; the motor 16 is fixed on the base 10, and the output end of the motor is connected with the input end of the ball screw and used for driving the ball screw; a guide rail 22 extending along the Y direction is arranged on the base 10, the guide rail 22 is matched with the slide block 19, namely, the slide block 19 can move along the guide rail 22; the slider 19 is fixed to the lower end surface of the mounting seat. Preferably, the mounting seat comprises an upper cover plate 21, a lower cover plate 20 fixed to the upper cover plate 21; the bottom surface of the lower cover plate 20 is recessed toward the upper cover plate 21 to accommodate a second nut of the second ball screw pair, and the lower cover plate 20 is fixed to the second nut of the second ball screw pair.

Specifically, one end of the base 10 along the Y direction is provided with a left plate 18, and the other end is provided with a right plate 11; the motor 16 is fixed on the right plate 11, the output end of the motor 16 is connected with the second lead screw 12 in the second ball screw pair through a coupler 15, and the second lead screw 12 sequentially passes through a shaft bracket 17 fixed on the base 10 and is finally rotatably installed on the right plate 11. As shown in fig. 2.

The working principle of the thermal deformation deviation rectifying mechanism for processing the straightness of the deep hole gun drill is as follows:

(1) the first lead screw 6 is rotated through the handle 9, the first lead screw 6 rotates between the handle 9 and the first bearing seat 4, and the first mounting plate 7 is enabled to displace along the Z direction along with the first nut;

(2) the motor 16 drives the second lead screw 12, and the second lead screw 12 drives the second nut to move along the Y-direction guide 22, so that the slider 19 moves along the Y-direction guide 22 along with the lower cover plate 20.

(3) The first mounting plate 7 is pushed, and the first mounting plate 7 moves along the X-direction slide rail 14.

In this embodiment, the machine tool main console 8 can control the heating time and the heating temperature, and based on the thermal deformation principle, the deformation curve of the workpiece and the theoretical axial deformation of the drill bit can be consistent, so that the deviation correction of the drilling straightness error can be realized. As shown in fig. 8, the workpiece is deflected and deformed, and the theoretical workpiece is a straight line; as shown in fig. 9, the thermal deformation of the workpiece is shown.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.