阅读说明：本技术 横县大头菜品种的选育方法 (Method for breeding Yangxian kohlrabi variety ) 是由 韦东 于 2019-11-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种横县大头菜品种的选育方法,其关键步骤如下：(1)杂交选育亲本选择：选择横县本地大头菜作母本,柳州融安小州大头菜作父本进行杂交,获得杂交种；(2)杂交后代选育：将杂交后代种植,在生长期对杂交后代的生长势、生长速度、根系发育、抗病能力及成熟期进行调查,选择具有优良生长性状的单株进行单独收获,称量个大饱满的种子作为综合优良性状选育大头菜种子；(3)扩大繁殖及提纯复壮获得高产抗病性状大头菜种子：将综合优良性状选育大头菜种子进行种植,待大头菜种子成熟后,选择个大,饱满的大头菜种子作为高产抗病性状大头菜种子。由该方法选育得到的横县大头菜整齐度好,抗病性强,产量高,加工性状优良。(The invention discloses a method for breeding a Yangxian turnip variety, which comprises the following key steps: (1) and (3) selecting parents for hybridization breeding: selecting local root mustard in the Yangxian county as a female parent and root mustard in the Liuzhou-Huan-Xiaozhou as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed; (2) and (3) breeding of filial generation: planting the filial generation, investigating the growth potential, growth speed, root development, disease resistance and maturation period of the filial generation in the growth period, selecting a single plant with excellent growth character for individual harvesting, and weighing large and full seeds as comprehensive excellent characters for breeding the brassica rapa pekinensis seeds; (3) expanding propagation, purifying and rejuvenating to obtain high-yield disease-resistant brassica napobrassica seeds: and (3) planting the selected cabbage seeds with comprehensive excellent characters, and selecting large and full cabbage seeds as the high-yield disease-resistant character cabbage seeds after the cabbage seeds are mature. The Yangxian root mustard bred by the method has the advantages of good uniformity, strong disease resistance, high yield and excellent processing property.)

1. A breeding method of a Yangxian turnip variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) and (3) selecting parents for hybridization breeding: selecting local root mustard in the Yangxian county as a female parent and root mustard in the Liuzhou-Huan-Xiaozhou as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed;

(2) and (3) breeding of filial generation: planting the filial generation, investigating the growth potential, growth speed, root development, disease resistance and maturation period of the filial generation in the growth period, selecting a single plant with excellent growth character for individual harvesting, and weighing large and full seeds as comprehensive excellent characters for breeding the brassica rapa pekinensis seeds;

(3) expanding propagation, purifying and rejuvenating to obtain high-yield disease-resistant brassica napobrassica seeds: planting the selected cabbage seeds with comprehensive excellent characters, and selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds after the cabbage seeds are mature;

(4) cultivation: selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds, and soaking the cabbage seeds in lime water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use; spreading the culture medium into a seedbed, spraying reserved Brassica napobrassica seeds on the seedbed after watering and wetting, covering a layer of thin culture medium with the thickness not more than 0.5 cm, and covering the seeds; keeping the culture medium moist, allowing the culture medium to naturally germinate and grow, and obtaining the transplantable high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seedling after the culture medium grows to 2-3 true leaves;

(5) selecting excellent quality characters: and selecting excellent single plants with good uniformity, strong disease resistance and high yield from the high-yield disease-resistant character root mustard seedlings for planting, and selecting large and full root mustard seeds as seeds for planting high-quality root mustard varieties after the seeds of the excellent single plants are mature.

2. The method for breeding the Yangxian turnip variety according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation medium is obtained by mixing and stacking river sediment and mesona blume grass residue for more than 20 days, and the cultivation medium is turned over once every 3-5 days during stacking and cannot be drenched by rainwater.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a breeding method of a Yangxian turnip variety.

Background

The herba Brassicae Junceae in Yangxian province is annual or biennial herb of Brassica. Is a famous special vegetable in China. The root mustard is salty and sweet in taste, tasty and refreshing, appetizing, is made by farmers, does not contain any pigment, preservative and the like, and the making process utilizes the natural conditions of nature.

The history of writing kohlrabi planted in Guangxi Yangxi county has been over 300 years. The root mustard in Yangxian county has been released from the name as early as the years of the Qing Dynasty.

According to records of Schoek in the Yangxian county, the cabbage planted and pickled in the earliest time is in the south village Chentang village, which has been handed over for 13 generations and has a history of more than 300 years.

The Yangxian is rich in water resources and flows through county. The annual average rainfall was 1450 mm. The major rivers include Yujiang, Zhenlong, Mongolian, Dongbanjiang, Qingshui, Luo-Feng, Shaping, Qujiang and Lian-Pong, the largest is Yunjiang, with an average annual natural runoff of 375 billion cubic meters. There are large, medium and small reservoir 194 seats. The medium reservoir 6 seats, the small reservoir 188 seats and the total reservoir capacity are more than 1 million cubic meters.

The average temperature of the air is 21.8 ℃, the annual total rainfall is 1391.4 ml and the annual total sunshine duration is 1717.6 hours in the county with higher temperature, less rainfall and more sunshine, and the good rainfall and climate conditions are favorable for the growth of the root mustard.

The optimal growing region of the Yangxian turnip is West jin wetland, the soil is fertile, the ecological environment is excellent, and the high-quality turnip can be produced. The turnip in the Yangxian county is rich in calcium, selenium, potassium and the like, and the content of soluble solids of the turnip in the Yangxian county is much higher than that of the turnip in other areas, so that the turnip in the Yangxian county has the characteristics of strong fragrance and crisp texture, and the ratio of fresh vegetables to cooked vegetables is much higher than that of the turnip in other areas.

Currently, a plurality of enterprises in the horizontal county produce and process horizontal county root mustard, and the horizontal county root mustard of various brands is subjected to large-scale production. At present, about 1.5 to 2 thousand farmers in the Yangxian county plant the root mustard, the planting area reaches 4 ten thousand mu, the fresh vegetable is produced by about 12 ten thousand tons, the finished vegetable (salt blank) is produced by about 6 ten thousand tons, and the annual output value is more than 2 hundred million. Is the main economic support for local farmers.

At present, the variety of the root mustard used in China is mainly the local conventional variety, and the variety is single or multiple in disorder. Lack of special high-quality, high-yield and disease-resistant good varieties for processing brings obstacles to the healthy development of the kohlrabi industry. The production urgently needs the Yangxian kohlrabi variety with high quality, high yield, disease resistance and ideal commodity characters.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a breeding method of a Yangxian turnip variety, and the Yangxian turnip bred by the method has the advantages of good uniformity, strong disease resistance, high yield, excellent processing property, low production cost, short growth period and good genetic stability, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and planting.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for breeding a Yangxian turnip variety comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) selecting parents for hybridization breeding: selecting local root mustard in the Yangxian county as a female parent and root mustard in the Liuzhou-Huan-Xiaozhou as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed;

(2) and (3) breeding of filial generation: planting the filial generation, investigating the growth potential, growth speed, root development, disease resistance and maturation period of the filial generation in the growth period, selecting a single plant with excellent growth character for individual harvesting, and weighing large and full seeds as comprehensive excellent characters for breeding the brassica rapa pekinensis seeds;

(3) expanding propagation, purifying and rejuvenating to obtain high-yield disease-resistant brassica napobrassica seeds: planting the selected cabbage seeds with comprehensive excellent characters, and selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds after the cabbage seeds are mature;

(4) cultivation: selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds, and soaking the cabbage seeds in lime water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use; spreading the culture medium into a seedbed, spraying reserved Brassica napobrassica seeds on the seedbed after watering and wetting, covering a layer of thin culture medium with the thickness not more than 0.5 cm, and covering the seeds; keeping the culture medium moist, allowing the culture medium to naturally germinate and grow, and obtaining the transplantable high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seedling after the culture medium grows to 2-3 true leaves;

(5) selecting excellent quality characters: and selecting excellent single plants with good uniformity, strong disease resistance and high yield from the high-yield disease-resistant character root mustard seedlings for planting, and selecting large and full root mustard seeds as seeds for planting high-quality root mustard varieties after the seeds of the excellent single plants are mature.

It is further noted that the culture medium is obtained by mixing and stacking river sediment and mesona blume grass residues for more than 20 days, and the culture medium is turned over once in 3-5 days during stacking and cannot be drenched by rainwater.

The outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress of the invention are as follows:

1. the crosswise-county root mustard obtained by breeding in the scheme has the advantages of good uniformity, strong disease resistance, high yield, excellent processing character, low production cost, short growth period and good genetic stability, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and planting;

2. production tests are carried out in 2015-2018 in transverse Zhou town, stone pond town, Mashan village, lily town and other places, and the cell area is 667m²The number of the kohlrabi varieties in the horizontal county obtained by the breeding in the scheme is 667m²The net vegetable yield is 6500-8000 kg, and the yield is increased by more than 30% compared with the local common Yangxian turnip variety; the field shows virus resistance.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, while indicating the advantages and features of the invention, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which is by way of illustration, specific embodiments of the invention are described.

A method for breeding a Yangxian turnip variety comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) selecting parents for hybridization breeding: selecting local root mustard in the Yangxian county as a female parent and root mustard in the Liuzhou-Huan-Xiaozhou as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid seed;

(2) and (3) breeding of filial generation: planting the filial generation, investigating the growth potential, growth speed, root development, disease resistance and maturation period of the filial generation in the growth period, selecting a single plant with excellent growth character for individual harvesting, and weighing large and full seeds as comprehensive excellent characters for breeding the brassica rapa pekinensis seeds;

(3) expanding propagation, purifying and rejuvenating to obtain high-yield disease-resistant brassica napobrassica seeds: planting the selected cabbage seeds with comprehensive excellent characters, and selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds after the cabbage seeds are mature;

(4) cultivation: selecting large and full cabbage seeds as high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seeds, and soaking the cabbage seeds in lime water at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 20-30 seconds for later use; spreading the culture medium into a seedbed, spraying reserved Brassica napobrassica seeds on the seedbed after watering and wetting, covering a layer of thin culture medium with the thickness not more than 0.5 cm, and covering the seeds; keeping the culture medium moist, allowing the culture medium to naturally germinate and grow, and obtaining the transplantable high-yield disease-resistant cabbage seedling after the culture medium grows to 2-3 true leaves;

(5) selecting excellent quality characters: and selecting excellent single plants with good uniformity, strong disease resistance and high yield from the high-yield disease-resistant character root mustard seedlings for planting, and selecting large and full root mustard seeds as seeds for planting high-quality root mustard varieties after the seeds of the excellent single plants are mature.

The culture medium is obtained by mixing and stacking river sediment and mesona chinensis benth residues for more than 20 days, and the culture medium is turned over once in 3-5 days during stacking and cannot be drenched by rainwater.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features of the present invention may be substituted. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.